CN114590170A - Electric vehicle battery pack rapid charging system and method - Google Patents
Electric vehicle battery pack rapid charging system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114590170A CN114590170A CN202210252713.1A CN202210252713A CN114590170A CN 114590170 A CN114590170 A CN 114590170A CN 202210252713 A CN202210252713 A CN 202210252713A CN 114590170 A CN114590170 A CN 114590170A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
- B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
The quick charging system for the battery pack comprises a charging system and a thermal management module; the thermal management module at least comprises: the cold storage device, the heat storage device, the controller and the heat exchange connecting interface are connected; the cold storage device and the heat storage device are respectively connected with the controller through pipelines, the controller is connected with the heat exchange connecting interface through the pipelines, and cold or heat is selectively output through the heat exchange connecting interface according to requirements; the heat management module is used for keeping connection with the battery pack and executing a whole heat management process, in the process, a plurality of control stages are divided, corresponding battery pack temperature parameters are set respectively, and the battery pack is cooled or heated selectively through the cold storage device or the heat storage device in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack can meet the parameter target of the temperature interval of the battery pack in each control stage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a system and a method for rapidly charging a battery pack of an electric vehicle, wherein the battery pack is subjected to whole-course thermal management in the charging process, firstly, a battery is rapidly heated so that the battery can adapt to higher charging rate, and then, the battery is rapidly cooled so that the battery can meet the safety requirement of vehicle-mounted use, thereby ensuring the safety of the battery pack and efficiently completing the charging process; belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle charging energy compensation.
Background
The recharging of electric vehicles has been a critical issue. It is necessary for the popularization of electric vehicles to establish a convenient and diversified "slow charging" system to meet the daily electric energy supply needs of a large number of users. Meanwhile, in order to improve the use convenience and still need some technical means with high response speed as supplementary measures, the existing technical route mainly comprises two types of power exchange and quick charging, and the two technical routes are opposite to each other and have advantages and disadvantages respectively in the current situation.
In the prior art, the time for replacing the battery pack by the automatic battery replacement equipment for one time is about 60-90 seconds; the process of loading, unloading, transporting, charging and maintaining the battery pack has been completely automated.
The battery replacement mode has the advantages that: the occupied area is small; the single battery replacement operation time is short; the charging safety of the battery in the station is high;
the disadvantage of the battery replacement mode is: the battery pack standard is difficult to unify; the battery pack adopts a sharing mode to influence user experience, is difficult to accurately measure and charge, and can only adopt flexible charging modes such as 'charging according to mileage' and 'charging in monthly' and the like; a large number of self-contained battery packs are needed in the battery replacement station, and the construction cost is increased; a "pack turnover" in which a charge rate (C-rate) is slow to charge below 1C, thus affecting peak hours, is typically employed; the power station is difficult to be distributed in a large area, and is not beneficial to solving the problem of long-distance travel.
The advantages of the quick charging mode are: the flexibility is good, and the layout can be dispersed to solve the long-distance travel problem; the charging speed is high, and a charging rate of 2C or higher can be adopted; the battery right is definite;
the disadvantages of the fast charge mode are: the charging power is large, and the friendliness to a power grid is poor; the battery pack is charged under the vehicle-mounted condition, the environmental factors are complex, and the safety is relatively low; the requirement of large-scale centralized quick charging station construction is high, the cost is high, and the occupied area is large.
In summary, if the battery replacement and the fast charging can be organically combined to make up for each other, it is possible to solve the above problem and bring a new experience to the user. Among them, how to realize safe and fast charging is a critical issue.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention designs a system and a method for rapidly charging a battery pack of an electric vehicle, wherein the battery pack is subjected to whole-process thermal management in the charging process, the battery is rapidly heated to enable the battery to adapt to a higher charging rate, and then the battery is rapidly cooled to enable the battery to meet the safety requirements of vehicle-mounted use, so that the safety of the battery pack is ensured, and the charging process is efficiently completed.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for rapidly charging a battery pack of an electric vehicle is characterized in that:
in the process of charging the battery pack, a thermal management module is adopted to execute a thermal management process and heat or cool the battery pack; the thermal management module is externally arranged on the battery pack; the heat management process is divided into a plurality of control stages, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are respectively set, and the battery pack is selectively cooled or heated by the heat management module in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter target of each control stage;
the method for rapidly charging the battery pack of the electric vehicle comprises the following steps:
monitoring the real-time temperature T of the battery in the battery pack through a temperature sensor; setting battery temperature interval parameters which are not less than four, wherein the battery temperature interval parameters comprise: temperature interval parameters T11-T12 in a charging preparation stage, temperature interval parameters T21-T22 in a charging front stage, temperature interval parameters T31-T32 in a charging rear stage and temperature interval parameters T41-T42 after charging is finished; the temperature sequence relationship is T21> T11> T31> T41, and T22> T12> T32> T42; (the above-mentioned respective battery temperature ranges are allowed to overlap)
In the preparation stage before charging, firstly, an external thermal management module is connected with a battery pack to be charged, and the battery pack is preprocessed by the thermal management module, so that the temperature of the battery is increased and controlled between T11 and T12;
in the front stage of the charging process, the temperature of the battery is controlled by an external thermal management module, so that the temperature of the battery is increased and controlled between T21 and T22, and when T > T22, a cooling operation is carried out, and a relatively high charging rate is adopted in the process;
in the later stage of the charging process, the external thermal management module controls the temperature of the battery so that the temperature of the battery falls back to a range from T31 to T32; a relatively low charge rate is used in this process;
in the post-charging temperature regulation stage, the external thermal management module continues to control the temperature of the battery, so that the temperature of the battery continuously falls back to a range from T41 to T42, and then the external thermal management module is disconnected from the battery pack.
Furthermore, refrigeration or heating is carried out through the compression heat pump, the compression heat pump can prepare cold volume and heat simultaneously and store respectively, the compression heat pump can be connected with external heat management module, as the cold source and the heat source of external heat management module, and then realize refrigerating or heating the battery in the battery package.
Further, the T11 temperature is higher than the normal discharge use temperature of the battery.
Corresponding to the above method for quickly charging a battery pack of an electric vehicle, the system for quickly charging a battery pack of an electric vehicle according to the present invention is characterized in that:
the quick charging system for the battery pack comprises a charging system and a thermal management module; the thermal management module is externally arranged on the battery pack;
the thermal management module at least comprises: the cold storage device, the heat storage device, the controller and the heat exchange connecting interface are connected; the cold storage device and the heat storage device are respectively connected with the controller through pipelines, the controller is connected with the heat exchange connecting interface through the pipelines, and cold or heat is selectively output through the heat exchange connecting interface according to requirements;
in the charging process, a plurality of control stages are divided, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are set respectively, and the battery packs are cooled or heated selectively through the cold storage device or the heat storage device in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery packs can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter targets of each control stage.
The battery pack quick charging system is used for performing the following operations: before the battery pack to be charged is charged, the heat exchange connection interface is butted with the external interface of the heat exchange module of the battery pack, the connection state is kept all the time, then the charging system is connected with the battery pack to be charged for charging, and the connection between the heat exchange connection interface and the external interface of the heat exchange module of the battery pack is disconnected after the battery pack is charged and the safety condition of vehicle use is met.
Furthermore, the medium used for the cold energy or the heat energy stored in the cold storage device and the heat storage device mainly comprises water, wherein cold water or ice-water mixture with the temperature lower than 10 ℃ is stored in the cold storage device, and hot water with the temperature higher than 60 ℃ is stored in the heat storage device.
Furthermore, the battery pack rapid charging system comprises a compression heat pump, the compression heat pump is used for simultaneously producing cold and heat and storing the cold and the heat, and the stored cold and heat are respectively used for cooling or heating the battery pack at different control stages.
Further, the compression heat pump is arranged in the heat management module and at least comprises an evaporator, a compressor and a condenser; the evaporator is arranged in the cold storage device, and the condenser is arranged in the heat storage device; when the compressor is running, the evaporator end is refrigerating and the condenser end is heating.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. in the invention, the external heat management module fully utilizes external resources to carry out whole-process heat management on the quick charging process of the battery pack; the problems of insufficient capacity and inconvenient adjustment of a vehicle-mounted thermal management system are solved;
2. in the charging process, the battery pack is at a relatively high temperature in a short time, so that the activity of the battery can be increased, the internal resistance can be reduced, and the upper limit of the safe charging rate can be further improved; then, the battery returns to a reasonable use temperature range by a rapid cooling method, thereby being convenient for safe use in the electric vehicle and being beneficial to prolonging the service life of the battery; moreover, although the adjustment of the temperature of the battery pack to a large extent seems to be high in energy consumption, the key points are that: first, the loss of self-heating is reduced due to the reduction of the internal resistance of the battery; second, since the initial temperature and the final temperature of the battery are not much different, in practice, taking the carnot cycle commonly used in a cooling/heating system as an example, when the system needs to output cold and heat simultaneously, only less electric energy is needed to realize and form a closed loop, so the overall economy is better. However, if the prior art is adopted to directly use electric energy for heating and then use the air conditioning system for cooling, a closed loop cannot be formed, that is, a large amount of energy is consumed for heating and cooling, and the prior art is not practical.
Drawings
FIG. 1: the invention relates to a basic flow diagram of a charging system;
FIG. 2: a schematic of the basic structure of a delivery device with a thermal management module of the present invention;
FIG. 3: a schematic of a transport unit with a thermal management module and a compression heat pump of the present invention;
FIG. 4: the invention discloses a quick charging process control parameter schematic diagram (I);
FIG. 5: the invention discloses a quick charging process control parameter schematic diagram (II);
FIG. 6: an operation flow chart of embodiment 1 in combination with a charging system and a battery replacement system;
FIG. 7: system configuration and operation flowchart (highway service area) of embodiment 1;
wherein: 1: electric vehicle (battery replacement electric vehicle), 2: battery replacement system, 201: first battery replacement system, 202: second battery replacement system, 3: charging system, 4: parking area, 5: battery pack transfer and transport device (transport device), 5A: thermal management module, 6: dedicated channel, 601: first dedicated channel, 602: second dedicated channel, 603: third dedicated channel, 7: battery pack, 701: external interface of heat exchange module, 8: cold source, 9: a heat source;
the routes and arrow directions indicated by S101, S102, S103, S104, S105 correspond to the functions of the respective steps;
the thermal management module of FIG. 2 includes: 501: cold storage (cold storage module), 502: heat reservoir (heat storage module), 503: controller (control module), 504: a heat exchange connection interface; the partial enlarged view of the position where the heat exchange connection interface of the transfer conveying device of the battery pack is connected with the battery pack;
the thermal management module of FIG. 3 includes: 505: evaporator, 506: compressor, 507: a condenser.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
the application scene of the invention is mainly long-distance outgoing and quick charging; firstly, the parking lot supplementary electric energy system applying the invention is described in detail:
the parking lot electric energy supplementing system at least comprises an electricity conversion system 2, a charging system 3, a parking area 4 and a battery pack transfer and conveying device 5; the electric vehicle 1 includes a battery pack 7 capable of performing a battery replacement operation as a first power source; wherein:
the battery replacement system 2 is used for replacing a battery pack 7 to be charged in the electric vehicle 1 or loading the charged battery pack 7 into the electric vehicle 1;
battery pack transfer and transport device 5: the charging system is used for conveying a battery pack 7 to be charged from the battery swapping system 2 to the charging system 3 for charging or conveying a charged battery pack 7 to the battery swapping system 2;
the charging system 3: for receiving the battery pack relay conveyor 5 and the battery pack 7 to be charged, charging the battery pack 7, and then releasing the battery pack relay conveyor 5 and the charged battery pack 7;
parking area 4: the parking system is used for temporarily parking the electric vehicle 1 separated from the battery pack 7 to be charged, and after the charging of the battery pack 7 is completed, the electric vehicle 1 leaves the parking area 4 to the battery replacing system 2 to load the charged battery pack 7 into the electric vehicle 1, so that the electric vehicle can be normally used.
As shown in fig. 6, the specific method for supplementing electric energy is as follows:
s101, when the electric vehicle 1 enters a parking lot and has a charging requirement, firstly, executing a first battery replacement process: the electric vehicle runs to the battery swapping system 2, swaps down the battery pack 7 to be charged through the battery swapping system 2, and places the battery pack 7 in the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5;
s102, starting a second power source to drive the electric vehicle 1 to a parking area 4 for parking;
s103, the battery pack 7 to be charged is conveyed into the charging system 3 by the battery pack transfer conveying device 5 for charging;
s104, after the charging is finished, the charged battery pack 7 is conveyed to the battery conversion system 2 by the battery pack transfer conveying device 5;
s105, the electric vehicle 1 continues to use the second power source to travel to the battery replacement system, the charged battery pack is loaded into the electric vehicle through the battery replacement system, and then the electric vehicle leaves;
the battery pack relay conveyor 5 includes a thermal management module 5A, and in steps S103 and S104, the thermal management module 5A performs a whole-process thermal management control on the battery pack 7 in the battery pack relay conveyor 5.
The heat management process is divided into a plurality of control stages, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are respectively set, and the battery pack is selectively cooled or heated by the heat management module in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter targets in each control stage. Therefore, the safety and the high efficiency of the charging process are ensured.
Further, monitoring the real-time temperature T of the battery in the battery pack through a temperature sensor; setting battery temperature interval parameters which are not less than four, wherein the battery temperature interval parameters comprise: temperature interval parameters T11-T12 in the charging preparation stage, temperature interval parameters T21-T22 in the charging front stage, temperature interval parameters T31-T32 in the charging rear stage and temperature interval parameters T41-T42 after charging is finished; the sequence relation of the temperature is T21> T11> T31> T41, and T22> T12> T32> T42; (the above-mentioned respective battery temperature ranges are allowed to overlap)
The specific operation process is as follows:
s201, when the battery pack 7 to be charged is placed in the battery pack relay transport device 5, connecting the thermal management module 5A with the battery pack 7, and performing pretreatment on the battery pack 7 by the thermal management module 5A so that the battery temperature is increased and controlled between T11 and T12;
s202, at the front stage of the charging process, the thermal management module 5A controls the battery temperature so that the battery temperature rises and is controlled between T21 and T22, and performs a cooling operation when T > T22, in which a relatively high charging rate is used;
s203, controlling the temperature of the battery by the thermal management module 5A in the later period of the charging process, so that the temperature of the battery falls back to a range from T31 to T32, wherein a relatively low charging rate is adopted;
s204, after the charging is finished, the temperature of the battery is continuously controlled by the thermal management module 5A, so that the temperature of the battery continuously falls back to a range from T41 to T42; thermal management module 5A is then disconnected from battery pack 7 so that charged battery pack 7 can be loaded into electric vehicle 1.
Further, the T11 temperature is higher than the normal discharge use temperature of the battery. The upper limit of the normal discharge service temperature of the battery is basically the same as the temperature T42.
It should be noted that: the charging rate mainly adopted in the charging process is at least 1C, and can be 2C or higher when the conditions allow, and certainly, the charging process can be compatible with a lower charging rate; the second power source may be a case where a fixed battery pack having a small capacity is fixedly mounted in the electric vehicle 1, or a battery pack having a small capacity temporarily provided by a service provider as an on-vehicle battery pack interface, or a non-electric power source in the hybrid electric vehicle 1.
The present invention will be described below by taking an application scenario of a highway service area as an example. According to statistical analysis, the long stay time of the user in the expressway service area is about 20-30 minutes, and the electric energy supplement is completed in the time period as far as possible, so that the traveling experience of the user is not influenced.
As shown in fig. 7, two battery replacing systems 2 are arranged in the expressway service area, that is, a first battery replacing system 201 and a second battery replacing system 202 are respectively arranged at the entrance and the exit of the expressway service area (for the convenience of users); a charging system 3 and a parking area 4 are respectively arranged in the parking device; three special channels 6, namely a first special channel 601, a second special channel 602 and a third special channel 603, are respectively arranged among the charging system 3, the first converting system 201 and the second converting system 202 and are used for reciprocating movement of the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5; the special channel 6 can be hidden, i.e. the channel body is arranged below the ground surface, so that the battery pack transfer and transportation device 5 can move smoothly.
Firstly, when the electric vehicle 1 enters the service area of the expressway, the battery pack 7 to be charged is replaced by a small-capacity battery pack (for example, a battery pack of 5 Kwh) provided by a service provider at the first battery replacement system 201 by first passing through the first battery replacement system 201 at the entrance; the small-capacity battery pack is different from the normal battery pack 7 in electric quantity, and the battery replacement interface for butting with the vehicle is the same; then, the battery-replaceable electric vehicle drives into the parking area 4 by taking a low-capacity battery pack as a second power source to park;
secondly, placing the battery pack 7 to be charged in the battery pack relay conveying device 5, butting the heat exchange connection interface 504 of the battery pack relay conveying device 5 with the external interface 701 of the heat exchange module of the battery pack 7, and keeping the connection state all the time; at this time, the thermal management module 5A of the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5 is started to perform whole-course thermal management control on the battery pack 7 in the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5;
thirdly, the battery pack transfer and transport device 5 enters the charging system 3 along the first special channel 601, connects the charging system 3 with the charging interface of the battery pack 7 and charges the battery pack 7; at this time, the battery pack 7 is still in the battery pack relay conveyor 5, and the thermal management module 5A of the battery pack relay conveyor 5 continuously operates;
fourthly, after the charging is completed, the battery pack transfer and transportation device 5 takes the battery pack 7 out of the charging system 3, and reaches the second switching system 202 at the outlet along the second dedicated channel 602, and the thermal management module 5A of the battery pack transfer and transportation device 5 continuously works; meanwhile, the electric vehicle 1 is notified to go to the second battery replacement system 202; then, the charged battery pack 7 is loaded onto the electric vehicle 1 through the second battery conversion system 202, and the small-capacity battery pack is taken out and put into the battery pack transfer and transport device 5 for standby; at this time, the electric vehicle 1 can leave the service area to continue traveling;
fifth, the battery pack transferring and transporting device 5 carries the small-capacity battery pack to return to the first battery swapping system 201 along the third dedicated channel 603 to wait for S106 in the corresponding diagram; and then the reciprocating operation is carried out according to the cycle.
In the system, a plurality of battery pack relay conveyors 5 are provided, and the number of the battery pack relay conveyors 5 is set according to the parallel charging capability of the charging system 3.
The battery pack transfer and transportation device 5 comprises a thermal management module 5A, and the thermal management module 5A at least comprises: a cold storage device 501, a heat storage device 502, a controller 503 and a heat exchange connection interface 504; the cold storage device 501 and the heat storage device 502 are respectively connected with the controller 503 through pipelines, the controller 503 is connected with the heat exchange connection interface 504 through a pipeline, and cold or heat is selectively output through the heat exchange connection interface 504 according to requirements; the controller 503 switches the circuit according to the requirement and communicates with the cold storage device 501 or the heat storage device 502;
the thermal management module 5A is configured to maintain connection with the battery pack 7 and perform a full thermal management process, where the thermal management process includes: when the battery pack 7 to be charged is placed in the battery pack relay transport device 5, a heat exchange path is formed between the heat exchange connection interface 504 and the external interface 701 of the heat exchange module of the battery pack 7 and the battery pack 7, and a heat management process is started; then, the thermal management module 5A and the battery pack 7 are always kept in a connected state, and the thermal management process is continued; finally, when the charged battery pack 7 is about to be reloaded onto the electric vehicle 1, the thermal management module 5A is disconnected from the battery pack 7; in the process, a plurality of control stages are divided, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are respectively set, and the battery pack 7 is selectively cooled or heated through the cold storage device 501 or the heat storage device 502 in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack 7 can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter targets of each control stage.
Further, the battery pack transfer and transportation device 5 further comprises a communication module, and the communication module is used for communicating with the battery pack 7 and/or communicating with the charging system 3;
when the communication is carried out with the battery pack 7, the temperature parameter and the charge state parameter of the battery pack 7 are obtained; when the communication is performed with the charging system 3, the charging control parameter of the charging system 3 is acquired, and the temperature parameter and the state of charge parameter of the battery pack 7 are acquired through the charging system 3.
Further, the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5 further comprises a battery pack fixing module, and the battery pack fixing module is used for fixing the battery pack 7 on the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5.
In order to enable the thermal management module 5A in the battery pack transfer device 5 to operate continuously, a cold source 8 and a heat source 9 may be provided in a parking lot, or/and a compression heat pump may be provided in the battery pack transfer device 5.
Further, the parking lot further comprises a cold source 8 and a heat source 9, wherein the cold source 8 and the heat source 9 are respectively used for preparing and storing sufficient cold and heat, and are used for respectively supplementing the cold storage device 501 and the heat storage device 502 in the battery pack transfer device 5 with cold and heat. The cold source 8 and the heat source 9 are located near the charging system 3, and during the charging process, the cold source and the heat source are respectively and timely supplemented according to the energy consumption conditions of the cold storage device 501 and the heat storage device 502 in the battery pack transfer and transportation device 5. The mode of synchronous operation of cooling and heating is usually adopted to reduce energy consumption.
Further, a compression heat pump is arranged in the battery pack transfer and conveying device 5, and the compression heat pump at least comprises an evaporator 505, a compressor 506 and a condenser 507; an evaporator 505 is provided in the cold storage 501, and a condenser 507 is provided in the heat storage 502; when the compressor 506 is operated, the evaporator 505 side cools and the condenser 507 side heats. Thereby supplementing cold and heat to the cold storage device 501 and the heat storage device 502, respectively.
The compression type heat pump can be determined to operate according to refrigeration or heating according to the proportional relation between the cold quantity and the heat quantity required in the control process; in general, the difference between the amount of cold and the amount of heat is supplemented by electric energy, i.e. the more cold is required in accordance with the cooling operation and, for the less heat is required, the more heat is required in accordance with the heating operation. Unlike the conventional heat pump system, in this embodiment, if it is necessary to switch the mode between cooling and heating, the positions and functions of the condenser 507 and the evaporator 505 are kept unchanged.
Example 2:
the battery pack rapid charging method of an electric vehicle of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
multiple studies show that when a battery is charged, if the temperature of the battery is properly increased, the activity of the battery can be excited, and the charging process can be completed more quickly; however, the problem is how to quickly raise the temperature of the battery by controllable measures and quickly lower the temperature of the battery to a normal level after the charging is completed, and the whole process is not only quick, but also low in energy consumption.
Generally, the cooling capacity and the heating capacity of a vehicle thermal management system of a passenger vehicle are respectively between 2 and 5KW, and if the cooling capacity and the heating capacity are increased, the cost is high, and the volume of the system is also increased, so that the realization is difficult. In the invention, the cold storage device 501 and the heat storage device 502 are adopted in the heat management module 5A, and the high-grade cold/heat can be prepared and the preparation cost can be reduced by a common energy storage technical means which is prepared and stored in advance, so that the output refrigerating capacity and the heating capacity are basically not bottlenecks; for example, the output capacity is increased by increasing the temperature difference, and an ice-water mixture of about 0 ℃ is stored in the cold storage 501 and hot water of more than 80 ℃ is stored in the heat storage 502. At this time, as long as the internal heat exchange module of the battery pack 7 has strong heat exchange capability and heat soaking capability, the thermal management goal of quickly adjusting the battery temperature in the battery pack 7 can be achieved.
First, the charging time period is set to tc, and the treatment time periods of the battery pack 7 before and after charging are 0.1tc, respectively; namely, the time when the battery pack 7 to be charged and the thermal management module 5A are connected is-0.1 tc, and the time when the charged battery pack 7 and the thermal management module 5A are disconnected is 1.1 tc. Since the battery pack 7 generally has 10-20% of the charge capacity (SOC) during charging, it is economical and safe to charge the battery pack to about 80% and not more than 90%, and the maximum charge capacity of a single quick charge is about 70% of the total charge capacity of the battery pack. The following is divided into two cases according to the characteristics of the battery pack 7, and the quick-charge method is analyzed in this example and example 3, respectively.
In the present embodiment, the case where the heat exchange capacity of the internal heat exchange module of the battery pack 7 is relatively weak; the highest charge rate was 2C, and the specific temperature control parameters were as follows:
temperature interval parameters T11=35 ℃ and T12=40 ℃ in the charging preparation phase;
the temperature interval parameter of the charging front section is T21=40 ℃, T22=45 ℃;
the temperature interval parameter T31=35 ℃ and T32=40 ℃ of the post-charging section;
after charging is finished, temperature interval parameters T41=25 ℃, T42=30 ℃;
as shown in fig. 5 (tc =24 min, total time spent 28.8 min), the specific procedure was as follows:
at the first time point, -0.1tc, the battery pack 7 to be charged is connected with the thermal management module 5A, and the battery temperature T =30 ℃ and the battery residual capacity is 10%; at this time, the thermal management module 5A is started to perform a heating operation so that the battery temperature is raised to about 40 ℃;
secondly, at 0tc, the charging system 3 is connected with the battery pack 7, namely, the charging process is started; a 2C charging rate is adopted in a time period from 0tc to 0.5tc, and the battery heats up in the charging process, so that real-time monitoring is carried out in the process, and if the temperature of the battery exceeds 45 ℃, proper cooling operation is carried out; the battery charge at the end of this time period is about 50%;
thirdly, performing a cooling operation for a time period of 0.5tc to 1tc so that the battery temperature gradually decreases from 45 ℃ to 35 ℃, and gradually reducing the charging rate from 2C to 1C according to the temperature change in the process; finally, the charging process is completed, and the battery electric quantity is about 80% when the charging process is finished; then, the charging system 3 is disconnected from the battery pack 7;
fourth, a period of time from 1tc to 1.1tc during which the cooling operation is continued so that the battery temperature falls to around 25 ℃, and then the charged battery pack 7 is disconnected from the thermal management module 5A, eventually enabling the charged battery pack 7 to be loaded into the electric vehicle 1; facilitating safe use of the electric vehicle 1 during subsequent driving.
Because the difference between the initial temperature and the final temperature of the battery is not large, the heat management energy consumption of the whole process is lower through the operation mode of cooling and heating in the system.
It should be noted that: the time lengths of the front charging period and the rear charging period can be the same or different, and can be adjusted according to actual conditions; moreover, it is a practical and safe strategy to adopt a relatively high charging rate in the front period when the SOC of the battery is low and a relatively low charging rate in the rear period when the SOC of the battery is high. The temperature parameters of the respective control stages may be adjusted according to actual conditions, for example, if the ambient temperature is low, the final temperature of the battery may be appropriately increased, and if the ambient temperature is high, the final temperature of the battery may be appropriately decreased for use.
Example 3:
on the basis of embodiment 2, when the internal heat exchange module of the battery pack 7 has higher heat exchange capacity and heat soaking capacity, for example, measures such as a high-performance microchannel water cooling plate are adopted; a maximum charge rate of 3C or higher may be used, with specific temperature control parameters as follows:
temperature interval parameters T11=40 ℃ and T12=50 ℃ in the charging preparation stage;
the temperature interval parameter T21=50 ℃ at the front charging section, and T22=55 ℃;
the temperature interval parameters of the charging back section are T31=35 ℃ and T32=40 ℃;
after charging is finished, temperature interval parameters T41=25 ℃, T42=30 ℃;
as shown in fig. 6 (tc =17 min, total time consumption 20.4 min), the specific procedure was as follows:
at the first time point, -0.1tc, the battery pack 7 to be charged is connected with the thermal management module 5A, and the battery temperature T =30 ℃ and the battery residual capacity is 10%; at this time, the thermal management module 5A is started to perform a heating operation so that the battery temperature is raised to about 50 ℃;
secondly, at 0tc, the charging system 3 is connected with the battery pack 7, namely, the charging process is started; a 3C charging rate is adopted in a time period from 0tc to 0.5tc, and the battery heats up in the charging process, so that real-time monitoring is carried out in the process, and if the temperature of the battery exceeds 55 ℃, a moderate cooling operation is carried out; the battery charge at the end of this period is about 52.5%;
thirdly, performing a cooling operation so that the battery temperature gradually decreases from 55 ℃ to 35 ℃ during a time period of 0.5tc to 1tc, during which the charging rate is gradually reduced from 3C to 1C according to the change in temperature; finally, the charging process is completed, and the battery capacity is about 80.83% at the end; then, the charging system 3 is disconnected from the battery pack 7;
fourth, a period of time from 1tc to 1.1tc during which the cooling operation is continued so that the battery temperature falls to around 25 ℃, and then the charged battery pack 7 is disconnected from the thermal management module 5A, eventually enabling the charged battery pack 7 to be loaded into the electric vehicle 1; facilitating safe use of the electric vehicle 1 during subsequent driving.
With reference to embodiment 1, the total time of replenishing the electric energy to the electric vehicle 1 in the service area of the expressway is about 20 minutes, during which the user can freely move in the service area, and the user's demand can be substantially satisfied. For the service area of the expressway, if the two battery systems 2 of the inlet and the outlet are equipped and the supporting electric facilities are sufficient, theoretically, 40 electric vehicles 1 can be served every hour, and the main addition is the charging system 3 with a small floor area. Compared with the rapid charging stations with the same service capacity, at least 20 high-standard rapid charging parking spaces need to be built, and due to factors in multiple aspects, the existing rapid charging stations for the national power grid highway are only built by configuring 4 direct current charging piles per station. It can be seen that the solution of the invention is very remarkable in terms of construction cost, floor space, service capacity and safety.
Through the technical scheme of the embodiment, even if the vehicle adopts the shared battery mode in the area where the vehicle usually runs, the special battery pack can be at least ensured to be used all the time in the process of crossing the area and going out for a long distance; therefore, a service provider in the battery replacement sharing mode can focus on providing battery sharing service in a certain area instead of covering all areas, so that the operation threshold of the service provider is greatly reduced, and the popularization and application of the battery replacement mode are facilitated.
For convenience of explanation, the control processes in examples 2 and 3 are slightly simplified as compared with the actual processes. In addition, the control strategy described in embodiments 2 and 3 is only one of many control strategies, and those skilled in the art may make various adjustments and changes according to actual situations, for example, a control strategy mainly using cooling in the whole process may also be adopted.
The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the invention, and such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included in the scope defined by the claims of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A method for rapidly charging a battery pack of an electric vehicle is characterized in that:
in the process of charging the battery pack (7), a thermal management module (5A) is adopted to perform a thermal management process, and the battery pack (7) is heated or cooled; the thermal management module (5A) is externally arranged on the battery pack (7); the heat management process is divided into a plurality of control stages, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are respectively set, and the heat management module selectively cools or heats the battery pack (7) in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack (7) can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter targets of each control stage;
the method for rapidly charging the battery pack of the electric vehicle comprises the following steps:
monitoring the real-time temperature T of the battery in the battery pack (7) through a temperature sensor; setting not less than four battery temperature interval parameters, wherein the battery temperature interval parameters comprise: temperature interval parameters T11-T12 in the charging preparation stage, temperature interval parameters T21-T22 in the charging front stage, temperature interval parameters T31-T32 in the charging rear stage and temperature interval parameters T41-T42 after charging is finished; the temperature sequence relationship is T21> T11> T31> T41, and T22> T12> T32> T42;
in the preparation stage before charging, firstly, an external thermal management module (5A) is connected with a battery pack (7) to be charged, and the battery pack (7) is preprocessed by the thermal management module (5A) so that the temperature of the battery is increased and controlled between T11 and T12;
in the front stage of the charging process, the temperature of the battery is controlled by an external thermal management module (5A), so that the temperature of the battery is increased and controlled between T21 and T22, and a cooling operation is carried out when T > T22, wherein a relatively high charging rate is adopted;
in the later stage of the charging process, the temperature of the battery is controlled by an external thermal management module (5A) so that the temperature of the battery falls back to a range from T31 to T32; a relatively low charge rate is used in this process;
in the post-charging temperature regulation phase, the external thermal management module (5A) continues to control the battery temperature, so that the battery temperature continues to fall back to a range from T41 to T42, and then the external thermal management module (5A) is disconnected from the battery pack (7).
2. The battery pack rapid charging method of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that:
refrigeration or heating are carried out through a compression heat pump, the compression heat pump can simultaneously produce cold and heat and respectively store the cold and the heat, the compression heat pump can be connected with an external heat management module (5A) and used as a cold source and a heat source of the external heat management module (5A), and then refrigeration or heating of a battery in the battery pack (7) is realized.
3. The battery pack rapid charging method of an electric vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that:
the temperature T11 is higher than the normal discharge use temperature of the battery.
4. Electric vehicle's battery package quick charge system, its characterized in that:
the quick charging system for the battery pack comprises a charging system (3) and a thermal management module (5A); the thermal management module (5A) is externally arranged on the battery pack (7);
the thermal management module (5A) comprises at least: the system comprises a cold storage device (501), a heat storage device (502), a controller (503) and a heat exchange connection interface (504); the cold storage device (501) and the heat storage device (502) are respectively connected with the controller (503) through pipelines, the controller (503) is connected with the heat exchange connection interface (504) through pipelines, and cold or heat is selectively output through the heat exchange connection interface (504) according to requirements;
in the charging process, a plurality of control stages are divided, corresponding battery pack temperature interval parameters are set respectively, and the battery pack (7) is cooled or heated selectively through the cold storage device (501) or the heat storage device (502) in each control stage, so that the internal temperature of the battery pack (7) can meet the battery pack temperature interval parameter targets of each control stage.
5. The battery pack rapid charging system of an electric vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that:
the cold energy or heat energy stored in the cold storage device (501) and the heat storage device (502) mainly comprises water, wherein cold water or ice-water mixture with the temperature lower than 10 ℃ is stored in the cold storage device (501), and hot water with the temperature higher than 60 ℃ is stored in the heat storage device (502).
6. The battery pack rapid charging system of an electric vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that:
the battery pack quick charging system comprises a compression heat pump, the compression heat pump is used for simultaneously producing cold and heat and storing the cold and the heat, and the stored cold and the stored heat are respectively used for cooling or heating the battery pack (7) at different control stages.
7. The battery pack rapid charging system of an electric vehicle according to claim 6, characterized in that:
the compression heat pump is arranged in a heat management module (5A), and comprises at least an evaporator (505), a compressor (506) and a condenser (507); the evaporator (505) is arranged in the cold storage device (501), and the condenser (507) is arranged in the heat storage device (502); when the compressor (506) is operated, the evaporator (505) end refrigerates and the condenser (507) end heats.
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