CN114589311B - Aluminum alloy melt flow control device and control method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum alloy melt flow control device and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114589311B CN114589311B CN202210257296.XA CN202210257296A CN114589311B CN 114589311 B CN114589311 B CN 114589311B CN 202210257296 A CN202210257296 A CN 202210257296A CN 114589311 B CN114589311 B CN 114589311B
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium oxide Chemical compound [Ba]=O QVQLCTNNEUAWMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009690 centrifugal atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003407 AlSi10Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010425 asbestos Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005524 ceramic coating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0892—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid casting nozzle; controlling metal stream in or after the casting nozzle
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of powder metallurgy, a aluminum alloy melt flow control device and a control method thereof are disclosed, aluminum alloy melt flow control device's honeycomb duct adopts multistage setting, connect the great guide section of internal diameter in the upper end of stable section, can reduce aluminum alloy melt flow degree of difficulty, and stable section adopts the internal diameter structure of waiting, can form stable aluminum alloy melt jet, set up horn mouth section in stable section exit, can avoid leading to the strong cooling metal jet of low temperature inert shielding gas around because of the metal jet entrainment effect, be favorable to making the metal jet after the emergence keep the superheat degree, improve atomization effect.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of powder metallurgy, in particular to an aluminum alloy melt flow control device and a control method thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloy powder is a common material for metal 3D printing, and at present, technologies for aluminum alloy powder production mainly comprise a vacuum induction melting gas atomization method (VIGA) and a vacuum melting rotary disk centrifugal atomization method, and the processes of the two methods can be summarized into aluminum alloy smelting, heat preservation, drainage, atomization and screening, and the main differences are the atomization principle and the difference of atomization media. In the atomization process flow, the tundish and the flow guide pipe are used as key components for 'up-down', so that the transition from an alloy molten pool in a smelting crucible to a low-dimensional aluminum alloy molten liquid column is realized, and the atomization production efficiency, the atomized powder particle size distribution and the atomized powder yield are obviously influenced.
Whether vacuum induction melting gas atomization or vacuum melting turntable centrifugal atomization, in order to obtain satisfactory target particle size powder yield, a flow guide pipe of an atomization device needs to be capable of providing a stable low-dimensional aluminum alloy melt liquid column, but the aluminum alloy melt liquid is small in density and high in kinematic viscosity, so that the flow performance of the aluminum alloy melt is very poor, and at present, a method for improving the superheat degree of the aluminum alloy melt is generally adopted to solve the problem. However, although the problem can be relieved to a certain extent by improving the superheat degree of the aluminum alloy melt, the novel high-strength aluminum alloy added with various alloy components is extremely easy to segregate, the high-temperature aluminum alloy melt is very strong in corrosiveness, the superheat degree is too high to cause the segregation of the aluminum alloy and corrode equipment, in addition, after the superheat degree of the aluminum alloy melt exceeds a certain threshold value, the powder yield is not obviously influenced, energy is wasted by further improving the superheat degree of the aluminum alloy melt, and the production cost is increased; therefore, it is difficult to further improve the atomization effect by the conventional method.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the present application is to provide an aluminum alloy melt flow rate control device and a control method thereof, which can effectively improve atomization effect.
In a first aspect, the present application provides an aluminum alloy melt flow control device, including a smelting chamber, an atomizing chamber, a tundish, a flow guiding pipe and a control system, wherein the tundish is arranged in the smelting chamber, the upper end of the flow guiding pipe is communicated with the lower end of the tundish, and the lower end of the flow guiding pipe extends into the atomizing chamber; the honeycomb duct comprises a guide section, a stabilizing section and a horn mouth section which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the inner diameter of the upper end of the guide section is larger than that of the lower end, and the inner diameter of any cross section of the guide section is not smaller than that of any cross section below the guide section; the inner hole of the stabilizing section is cylindrical, and the diameter of the inner hole is equal to the inner diameter of the lower end of the guide section; the inner hole of the horn mouth section is in a frustum shape with a small upper end and a large lower end, the lower end of the stabilizing section is communicated with the upper end of the horn mouth section, and the diameter of the inner hole of the stabilizing section is smaller than that of the upper end of the inner hole of the horn mouth section.
According to the aluminum alloy melt flow control device, the guide pipe is arranged in multiple sections, the upper end of the stabilizing section is connected with the guide section with larger inner diameter, so that the aluminum alloy melt flow difficulty can be reduced, the stabilizing section adopts an equal inner diameter structure, a stable aluminum alloy melt jet can be formed, the horn mouth section is arranged at the outlet of the stabilizing section, the phenomenon that the surrounding low-temperature inert protective gas strongly cools the metal jet due to the entrainment effect of the metal jet is avoided, the metal jet after emergent is kept overheated, and the atomization effect is improved.
In some embodiments, the inner bore of the guide section is in the shape of a rotator with a straight line or a smooth curve, and the diameter of the inner bore of the guide section gradually decreases from top to bottom.
In some embodiments, the inner bore of the guiding section comprises an equal diameter section and a transition section, the transition section is arranged at the lower side of the equal diameter section, the equal diameter section is cylindrical, and the diameter of the transition section gradually decreases from top to bottom.
In some embodiments, the inner hole of the guiding section comprises a plurality of hole sections, the hole sections are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the hole sections comprise at least one of a constant diameter section and a variable diameter section, and two adjacent hole sections are connected through a transition section; the equal diameter section is cylindrical; the diameter of the variable-diameter section gradually decreases from top to bottom; the diameter of the transition section gradually decreases from top to bottom.
Preferably, the inner diameter of the lower end of the guide section is not more than 2mm. Thereby ensuring that a low-dimensional aluminum alloy melt liquid column with the size meeting the requirements is formed in the stabilizing section so as to ensure the atomization effect.
Preferably, the length of the stabilizing section is 2-6 times the inner diameter of the stabilizing section.
Preferably, the diameter of the inner hole of the stabilizing section is 1mm-4mm smaller than the diameter of the upper end of the inner hole of the flare section.
Preferably, the guide section and the stabilizing section are sleeved with a heating temperature control device. Therefore, the aluminum alloy melt can be maintained to have proper superheat degree through the heating temperature control device, and the atomization effect is further improved.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a control method applied to the control system of the aluminum alloy melt flow control device described above; the method comprises the following steps:
A1. obtaining target flow data of aluminum alloy melt at the outlet of the stabilizing section and the liquid level height in the tundish;
A2. calculating an ideal air pressure difference between the upper end of the tundish and the lower end of the bell mouth section according to the target flow data and the liquid level height;
A3. acquiring first actual air pressure data of the upper end of the tundish and second actual air pressure data of the lower end of the bell mouth section;
A4. and regulating the air pressure of the smelting chamber according to the ideal air pressure difference, the first actual air pressure data and the second actual air pressure data.
Preferably, step A3 comprises:
acquiring first measured air pressure data of a plurality of different positions at the upper end of the tundish;
calculating an average value of the first measured air pressure data as the first actual air pressure data;
acquiring second actually measured air pressure data of a plurality of different positions at the lower end of the bell mouth section;
and calculating the average value of the second measured air pressure data as the second actual air pressure data.
The beneficial effects are that:
according to the aluminum alloy melt flow control device and the control method thereof, the guide pipe is arranged in a multi-section mode, the upper end of the stabilizing section is connected with the guide section with larger inner diameter, the flow difficulty of the aluminum alloy melt flow can be reduced, the stabilizing section adopts an equal-inner diameter structure, stable aluminum alloy melt jet flow can be formed, the horn mouth section is arranged at the outlet of the stabilizing section, surrounding low-temperature inert protective gas for strongly cooling the metal jet flow due to entrainment of the metal jet flow can be avoided, the metal jet flow after emergent can be kept overheated, and the atomization effect can be improved.
Additional features and advantages of the application will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an aluminum alloy melt flow control device according to an embodiment of the present application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first type of flow guide pipe.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second type of flow guide tube.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third flow guide tube.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the heating temperature control device.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a control method provided in an embodiment of the present application.
FIG. 7 is a simulation result of the mass flow rate of the aluminum alloy melt over time.
Description of the reference numerals: 1. a smelting chamber; 2. an atomizing chamber; 3. a tundish; 301. a mounting support; 4. a flow guiding pipe; 401. a guide section; 4011. an equal diameter section; 4012. a transition section; 402. a stabilizing section; 403. a flare section; 4031. a truncated cone barrel portion; 4032. a top cover; 5. a heating temperature control device; 501. a cylindrical housing; 502. a heating member; 503. a heat preservation layer; 504. a ceramic sealing cover; 6. an air inlet pipe; 7. an air outlet pipe; 8. an electromagnetic valve; 9. a pressure sensor; 10. a temperature sensor; 11. a signal collector; 12. a computer; 13. and the industrial personal computer.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present application, which are generally described and illustrated in the figures herein, may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application, as provided in the accompanying drawings, is not intended to limit the scope of the application, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only to distinguish the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring to fig. 1-5, an aluminum alloy melt flow control device in some embodiments of the present application includes a smelting chamber 1, an atomizing chamber 2, a tundish 3, a flow guiding pipe 4 and a control system, wherein the tundish 3 is arranged in the smelting chamber 1, the upper end of the flow guiding pipe 4 is communicated with the lower end of the tundish 3, and the lower end of the flow guiding pipe 4 extends into the atomizing chamber 2; the flow guiding pipe 4 comprises a guiding section 401, a stabilizing section 402 and a bell mouth section 403 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the inner diameter of the upper end of the guide section 401 is larger than the inner diameter of the lower end, and the inner diameter (refer to diameter) of any cross section of the guide section 401 is not smaller than the inner diameter of any cross section below the guide section; the inner hole of the stabilizing section 402 is cylindrical with the diameter equal to the inner diameter of the lower end of the guiding section 401; the inner hole of the flare section 403 is in a frustum shape with a small upper end and a large lower end, the lower end of the stabilizing section 402 is communicated with the upper end of the flare section 403, and the diameter of the inner hole of the stabilizing section 402 is smaller than that of the upper end of the inner hole of the flare section 403.
According to the aluminum alloy melt flow control device, the guide pipe 4 is arranged in a plurality of sections, the guide section 401 with larger inner diameter is connected to the upper end of the stabilizing section 402, the aluminum alloy melt flow difficulty can be reduced, the stabilizing section 402 adopts an equal inner diameter structure, a stable aluminum alloy melt jet can be formed, the horn mouth section 403 is arranged at the outlet of the stabilizing section 402, the surrounding low-temperature inert protective gas can be prevented from strongly cooling the metal jet due to the entrainment effect of the metal jet, the metal jet after emergent can be kept overheated, and the atomization effect can be improved.
In some embodiments, the inner hole of the guiding section 401 is in the shape of a rotator with a generatrix of a straight line or a smooth curve (each point on the curve has a tangent line, and the tangent line continuously rotates along with the movement of the tangent point) (wherein the central axis of the rotator is the central axis of the guiding section 401), and the diameter of the inner hole of the guiding section 401 gradually decreases from top to bottom. For example, the guide pipe 4 in fig. 2 has a truncated cone-shaped inner bore as the inner bore of the guide section 401, that is, the inner bore of the guide section 401 is in the shape of a rotator with a straight generatrix. When the inner bore of the guide section 401 is a smooth curve, the inner bore of the guide section 401 is a truncated cone-like inner bore with a circumferential surface facing outwards or inwards.
In some embodiments, the inner bore of the guide section 401 includes an equal diameter section 4011 and a transition section 4012, the transition section 4012 is disposed below the equal diameter section 4011, the equal diameter section 4011 is cylindrical, and the diameter of the transition section 4012 gradually decreases from top to bottom. Such as the draft tube 4 of fig. 3, the inner bore of the guide section 401 includes a constant diameter section 4011 and a transition section 4012, and the transition section 4012 is truncated cone-shaped. Also for example, the flow guiding tube 4 in fig. 4, the inner hole of the guiding section 401 includes a constant diameter section 4011 and a transition section 4012, and the transition section 4012 is hemispherical. The shape of the transition section 4012 is not limited to the shape in fig. 3 and 4 in practice.
In some embodiments, the inner bore of the guide section 401 includes a plurality of bore sections, the plurality of bore sections being disposed sequentially from top to bottom, the plurality of bore sections including at least one of an equal diameter section 4011 and a variable diameter section, adjacent two bore sections being connected by a transition section 4012; the constant diameter section 4011 is cylindrical; the diameter of the variable diameter section gradually reduces from top to bottom; the diameter of the transition section 4012 tapers from top to bottom. For example, the inner bore of the guide section 401 may include a plurality of equal diameter sections 4011, from top to bottom, the diameters of the equal diameter sections 4011 decrease sequentially, two adjacent equal diameter sections 4011 are connected through a transition section 4012, and the lowest equal diameter section 4011 is also connected with the stabilizing section 402 through the transition section 4012. For another example, some of the constant diameter sections 4011 in the above example may be replaced with variable diameter sections, and if the lowermost hole section is a variable diameter section and the diameter of the lower end of the variable diameter section is equal to the inner diameter of the stabilizing section 402, the lowermost hole section and the stabilizing section 402 are not connected by the transition section 4012, otherwise the lowermost hole section and the stabilizing section 402 are connected by the transition section 4012.
Wherein the outer diameter of the draft tube 4 generally varies with the inner diameter such that the thickness of the tube wall of the draft tube 4 is uniform (e.g., draft tube 4 in fig. 2, 3, and 4); but is not limited to this in practice, for example, the outer diameter of the draft tube 4 may be constant with axial position, but only the diameter of its inner bore may be constant with axial position.
In some preferred embodiments, the inner diameter of the lower end of the guide section 401 is no greater than 2mm. Thereby ensuring that a low-dimensional aluminum alloy melt liquid column with the size meeting the requirements is formed in the stabilizing section so as to ensure the atomization effect.
In some preferred embodiments, the length of the stabilizing section 402 is 2-6 times the inner diameter of the stabilizing section 402. The advantages are that: on the one hand, the stability of the low-dimensional aluminum alloy melt column flowing out of the flow guide pipe 4 is remarkably improved, and on the other hand, the excessive increase of the flow resistance of the aluminum alloy melt is not caused.
In some preferred embodiments, the inner bore diameter of the stabilizing section 402 is 1mm-4mm smaller than the diameter of the upper end of the inner bore of the flare section 403. In this range, the surrounding low-temperature inert shielding gas can be prevented from intensively cooling the metal jet by entrainment of the metal jet relatively effectively.
Wherein, the flare section 403 may be integrally provided with the stabilizing section 402 and the guiding section 401, but more preferably, the flare section 403 is detachably connected with the stabilizing section 402, so that the flare section 403 with different sizes may be replaced according to the change of the actual atomization process parameters, thereby improving applicability. For example, the flare section 403 comprises a frustoconical portion 4031 and a top cover 4032 provided at the upper end of the frustoconical portion 4031, the top cover 4032 being centrally provided with a connecting hole (see fig. 2) adapted to the stabilizing section 402, the outer surface of the stabilizing section 402 being provided with an external thread, the connecting hole being provided with a corresponding internal thread, the stabilizing section 402 being threadedly connected to the connecting hole via the external thread.
Preferably, as seen in fig. 1, the guiding section 401 and the stabilizing section 402 are jacketed with a heating temperature control device 5. So that the aluminum alloy melt can be maintained to have proper superheat degree by the heating temperature control device 5, and the atomization effect is further improved; the heating temperature control device 5 can also prevent solidification caused by heat dissipation of the aluminum alloy melt liquid column in the guide section and the stabilizing section along the flow.
In some embodiments, see fig. 5, the heating and temperature controlling device 5 includes a cylindrical housing 501 coaxially disposed with the guide section 401 and the stabilizing section 402, and a gap is provided between an inner wall of the cylindrical housing 501 and outer surfaces of the guide section 401 and the stabilizing section 402, and a heating member 502 (such as, but not limited to, a heating wire) is disposed in the gap. Because the gap is arranged between the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 501 and the outer surfaces of the guide section 401 and the stabilizing section 402, the contact heat transfer between the flow guide pipe 4 and the cylindrical shell 501 can be avoided, and the heat loss is reduced. Preferably, the clearance between the inner wall of the cylindrical housing 501 and the outer surfaces of the guide section 401 and the stabilizing section 402 is 40mm-120mm (referring to the radial dimension).
Wherein, the upper end of the cylindrical shell 501 can be directly connected with the bottom of the mounting support 301 of the tundish 3 to avoid the contact heat transfer of the flow guiding pipe 4 and the cylindrical shell 501. For example, an external thread may be provided at the upper end of the cylindrical housing 501, and an internal thread hole adapted to the upper end of the cylindrical housing 501 may be provided at the bottom of the mounting holder 301, with which the cylindrical housing 501 is connected.
In order to further improve the heat preservation effect, a heat preservation layer 503 may be disposed between the cylindrical shell 501 and the heating component 502, and a reflective coating may be further coated on the inner wall of the cylindrical shell 501, so as to reduce heat dissipation of the flow guide tube 4 by heat radiation.
In some embodiments, the lower end of the cylindrical shell 501 is provided with a ceramic sealing cover 504, and the middle part of the ceramic sealing cover 504 is provided with a clearance hole matched with the stable section 402, and the stable section 402 passes through the clearance hole; thus, when the guide section 401 or the stabilizing section 402 is broken to cause leakage of the aluminum alloy melt, the aluminum alloy melt can be prevented from damaging the atomizing apparatus.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the aluminum alloy melt flow control device further comprises an air inlet pipe 6 and an air outlet pipe 7 which are communicated with the smelting chamber 1, wherein electromagnetic valves 8 are arranged on the air inlet pipe 6 and the air outlet pipe 7; so that the inlet and outlet of shielding gas (typically inert gas) can be controlled by the solenoid valve 8 to regulate the gas pressure in the smelting chamber 1.
In some embodiments, see fig. 1, the upper end of the tundish 3 is provided with at least one pressure sensor 9 for measuring air pressure, and the lower end of the bell mouth section 403 is provided with at least one pressure sensor 9 for measuring air pressure; the air pressure at the upper end of the tundish 3 and the lower end of the bell mouth section 403 can be measured, so that the air pressure of the smelting chamber 1 can be regulated and controlled according to the pressure difference between the two positions, the mass flow of the aluminum alloy melt at the outlet of the lower end of the stabilizing section 402 is stable, and the atomization effect is ensured. Preferably, the upper end of the tundish 3 is provided with a plurality of pressure sensors 9, and the plurality of pressure sensors 9 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the tundish 3; the lower end of the bell mouth section 403 is provided with a plurality of pressure sensors 9, and the pressure sensors 9 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the bell mouth section 403; thus, the average value of the pressure sensors 9 can be used as the corresponding detection result, and the accuracy is improved. Further, a pressure sensor 9 may be added at other positions in the smelting chamber 1 to measure the gas pressure of the smelting chamber 1.
In some embodiments, see fig. 1, the stabilizing section 402 has at least one temperature sensor 10 disposed thereon; the temperature of the stabilizing section 402 can be measured to provide a basis for controlling the superheat of the aluminum alloy melt.
In some embodiments, the tundish 3 is further provided with a liquid level sensor (not shown in the figure) for detecting the liquid level in the tundish 3; for example, the liquid level sensor may be a laser ranging sensor.
In this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, the control system includes a signal collector 11, a computer 12 and an industrial personal computer 13, where the signal collector 11 and the industrial personal computer 13 are electrically connected to the computer 12, the electromagnetic valve 8 is electrically connected to the industrial personal computer 13, and the liquid level sensor, the pressure sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 10 are electrically connected to the signal collector 11. The signal collector 11 is used for converting the electric signals of the liquid level sensor, the pressure sensor 9 and the temperature sensor 10 into digital signals and sending the digital signals to the computer 12 for processing, the computer 12 is used for generating control instructions of the electromagnetic valve 8 according to the measurement results of the liquid level sensor and the pressure sensor 9 and sending the control instructions to the industrial personal computer 13, and the industrial personal computer 13 is used for controlling the electromagnetic valve 8 to work according to the control instructions.
Referring to fig. 6, the present application provides a control method applied to the control system of the aluminum alloy melt flow control device described above; the method comprises the following steps:
A1. acquiring target flow data of aluminum alloy melt at the outlet of the stabilizing section 402 and the liquid level height in the tundish 3;
A2. calculating an ideal air pressure difference between the upper end of the tundish 3 and the lower end of the bell mouth section 403 according to the target flow data and the liquid level height;
A3. acquiring first actual air pressure data at the upper end of the tundish 3 and second actual air pressure data at the lower end of the bell mouth section 403;
A4. and regulating the air pressure of the smelting chamber 1 according to the ideal air pressure difference, the first actual air pressure data and the second actual air pressure data.
The target flow data is preset flow data and can be set according to actual needs. The level of the liquid in the tundish 3 can be measured by a liquid level sensor.
Wherein, step A2 includes:
the ideal air pressure difference is calculated by the following formula:
；
wherein,,is an ideal air pressure difference>For the target flow data, +.>Is the liquid level (which is the level from the reference surface at the outlet of the lower end of the stabilizing section 402 to the liquid level in the tundish 3)>Is the density of aluminum alloy melt, +.>Acceleration of gravity, ++>Is the flow coefficient of the flow guide pipe (which can be measured in advance),>is the diameter of the outlet of the draft tube 4 (i.e., the inner diameter of the stabilizing section 402).
In some embodiments, step A3 comprises:
acquiring first measured air pressure data (measured by a plurality of pressure sensors 9 at the upper end of the tundish 3) at a plurality of different positions at the upper end of the tundish 3;
calculating an average value of the first measured air pressure data as first actual air pressure data;
acquiring second measured air pressure data (measured by a plurality of pressure sensors 9 at the lower end of the bell mouth section 403) at a plurality of different positions at the lower end of the bell mouth section 403;
and calculating the average value of the second measured air pressure data as second actual air pressure data.
Thereby improving the accuracy of the air pressure measurement result and further ensuring more stable flow.
In some embodiments, step A4 comprises:
calculating target air pressure data at the upper end of the tundish 3 according to the ideal air pressure difference and the second actual air pressure data; specifically, the second actual air pressure data plus the ideal air pressure difference are equal to the target air pressure data;
calculating the deviation of the target air pressure data and the first actual air pressure data;
according to the deviation, a pressure regulating command is generated to control the electromagnetic valve 8 to work, and the air supplementing or exhausting operation is performed on the smelting chamber 1, so that the air pressure data at the upper end of the tundish 3 reaches the target air pressure data.
In a specific embodiment, the flow guiding pipe 4 of the aluminum alloy melt flow control device comprises a guiding section 401, a stabilizing section 402 and a bell mouth section 403, wherein the inner diameter of the upper end of the guiding section 401 is not less than 6mm, the inner hole of the guiding section 401 is in a rotator shape with a smooth curve as a bus, the inner diameter of the lower end of the guiding section 401 is 1.8mm, the length of the stabilizing section 402 is 3 times of the inner diameter of the guiding section 401, the materials of the guiding section 401 and the stabilizing section 402 are boron nitride ceramics (also can be alumina ceramics doped with barium oxide), and the inner surface of the inlet of the upper end of the guiding section 401 is coated with a silicon nitride ceramic coating so as to prolong the service life of the flow guiding pipe 4; the inner diameter of the upper end of the flare section 403 is 3.8mm (2 mm larger than the inner diameter of the stabilizing section 402), and the inner diameter of the lower end of the flare section 403 is 6mm. The guiding section 401 and the stabilizing section 402 are sleeved with a heating temperature control device 5, a cylindrical shell 501 of the heating temperature control device 5 is a stainless steel shell, the narrowest part of a gap between the cylindrical shell 501 and the guide pipe 4 is 80mm (radial dimension), a 10mm thick heat insulation layer 503 is arranged in the heating temperature control device 5, the heat insulation layer is made of high temperature asbestos (the thickness of the heat insulation layer can be selected from 5mm to 20mm actually), a 10mm distance (the distance can be selected from 5mm to 20mm actually) is reserved between the heat insulation layer 503 and a heating component 502, the inner surface of the cylindrical shell 501 is coated with a reflective coating, the upper end of the cylindrical shell 501 is in threaded connection with a mounting support 301, a ceramic sealing cover 504 is arranged at the lower end of the cylindrical shell 501, and the ceramic sealing cover 504 is made of alumina ceramic. The upper end of the tundish 3 is uniformly provided with a plurality of pressure sensors 9 along the circumferential direction, and the lower end of the bell mouth section 403 is uniformly provided with a plurality of pressure sensors 9 along the circumferential direction. When the aluminum alloy is AlSi10Mg, the simulation result of the change of the mass flow rate of the aluminum alloy melt with time shown in fig. 7 can be obtained through simulation by controlling the control method, and as can be seen from the graph, the control method is used for controlling the flow rate control device of the aluminum alloy melt, so that the mass flow rate of the aluminum alloy melt can be ensured to have better stability.
The foregoing is merely exemplary embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and variations may be suggested to one skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides an aluminum alloy melt flow control device, includes smelting chamber (1), atomizing chamber (2), middle package (3), honeycomb duct (4) and control system, middle package (3) set up smelting chamber (1), the upper end of honeycomb duct (4) with middle package (3) lower extreme intercommunication, the lower extreme of honeycomb duct (4) stretches into atomizing chamber (2); the honeycomb duct is characterized in that the honeycomb duct (4) comprises a guide section (401), a stabilizing section (402) and a horn mouth section (403) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom; the inner diameter of the upper end of the guide section (401) is larger than that of the lower end, and the inner diameter of any cross section of the guide section (401) is not smaller than that of any cross section of the guide section (401) below the guide section; the inner hole of the stabilizing section (402) is in a cylindrical shape with the diameter equal to the inner diameter of the lower end of the guide section (401); the inner hole of the bell mouth section (403) is in a frustum shape with a small upper end and a large lower end, the lower end of the stabilizing section (402) is communicated with the upper end of the bell mouth section (403), and the diameter of the inner hole of the stabilizing section (402) is smaller than that of the upper end of the inner hole of the bell mouth section (403);
the diameter of the inner hole of the stabilizing section (402) is 1mm-4mm smaller than the diameter of the upper end of the inner hole of the bell-mouth section (403), so that the surrounding low-temperature inert shielding gas is prevented from intensively cooling the metal jet due to entrainment of the metal jet.
2. The aluminum alloy melt flow rate control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the inner bore of the guide section (401) is in a shape of a rotator having a straight line or a smooth curve as a generatrix, and the diameter of the inner bore of the guide section (401) is gradually reduced from top to bottom.
3. The aluminum alloy melt flow control device according to claim 1, wherein the inner bore of the guide section (401) comprises an equal diameter section (4011) and a transition section (4012), the transition section (4012) is disposed at the lower side of the equal diameter section (4011), the equal diameter section (4011) is cylindrical, and the diameter of the transition section (4012) is gradually reduced from top to bottom.
4. The aluminum alloy melt flow control device according to claim 1, wherein the inner bore of the guide section (401) comprises a plurality of bore sections, the plurality of bore sections are arranged in sequence from top to bottom, the plurality of bore sections comprise at least one of an equal diameter section (4011) and a variable diameter section, and two adjacent bore sections are connected through a transition section (4012); the equal diameter section (4011) is cylindrical; the diameter of the variable-diameter section gradually decreases from top to bottom; the diameter of the transition section (4012) gradually decreases from top to bottom.
5. The aluminum alloy melt flow rate control apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that an inner diameter of a lower end of the guide section (401) is not more than 2mm.
6. The aluminum alloy melt flow control apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the stabilizing section (402) is 2-6 times the inner diameter of the stabilizing section (402).
7. The aluminum alloy melt flow control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the guide section (401) and the stabilizing section (402) are sheathed with a heating temperature control device (5).
8. A control method, characterized by being applied to the control system of the aluminum alloy melt flow rate control apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7; the method comprises the following steps:
A1. acquiring target flow data of aluminum alloy melt at the outlet of the stabilizing section (402) and liquid level height in the tundish (3);
A2. calculating an ideal air pressure difference between the upper end of the tundish (3) and the lower end of the bell mouth section (403) according to the target flow data and the liquid level height;
A3. acquiring first actual air pressure data of the upper end of the tundish (3) and second actual air pressure data of the lower end of the bell mouth section (403);
A4. according to the ideal air pressure difference, the first actual air pressure data and the second actual air pressure data, adjusting the air pressure of the smelting chamber (1);
the step A2 comprises the following steps:
the ideal air pressure difference is calculated by the following formula:
wherein DeltaP is ideal air pressure difference, Q is target flow data, H cru Is the liquid level height which takes the outlet at the lower end of the stabilizing section (402) as a reference surface and is from the reference surface to the liquid level in the tundish (3), wherein ρ is the density of the aluminum alloy melt, g is the weightForce acceleration, mu is the flow coefficient of the flow guide pipe, and d is the outlet diameter of the flow guide pipe (4), namely the inner diameter of the stabilizing section (402).
9. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that step A3 includes:
acquiring first measured air pressure data of a plurality of different positions at the upper end of the tundish (3);
calculating an average value of the first measured air pressure data as the first actual air pressure data;
acquiring second measured air pressure data of a plurality of different positions at the lower end of the bell mouth section (403);
and calculating the average value of the second measured air pressure data as the second actual air pressure data.
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| CN115194168B (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2023-06-06 | 季华实验室 | Aluminum alloy melt flow control method and atomization device |
| CN115253331A (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2022-11-01 | 季华实验室 | Combined anti-blocking flow guide device and powder atomization equipment |
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| JPS62274010A (en) * | 1986-05-20 | 1987-11-28 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Production of pulverized metallic powder |
| JP2000273505A (en) * | 1999-03-19 | 2000-10-03 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Atomizing method, and atomizing device |
| CN102528060B (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-12-04 | 上海应用技术学院 | Atomizer capable with nozzle and flow guide tube prevented from blockage |
| CN105127436B (en) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-03-08 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of vacuum induction melting aerosolization preparation method of titanium or titanium alloy spherical powder |
| CN106513692B (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-05-25 | 长沙新材料产业研究院有限公司 | A kind of atomizer and method for being used to produce powder |
| CN107020383B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2018-05-15 | 深圳微纳增材技术有限公司 | It is used to prepare the tundish and its jetting method, vacuum melting furnace of metal dust |
| CN108941590B (en) * | 2018-08-14 | 2021-08-17 | 宁波中物力拓超微材料有限公司 | Titanium alloy smelting atomization powder making equipment and preparation process |
| CN210523825U (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-05-15 | 盘星新型合金材料(常州)有限公司 | Apply to automatic air supplement unit on gas atomization powder process equipment |
| CN112705718B (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2023-01-31 | 广东省钢铁研究所 | Alloy atomization powder preparation and powder treatment method |
| CN113751717B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-05-26 | 中天上材增材制造有限公司 | Aerosolization apparatus and method thereof |
| CN113828784A (en) * | 2021-09-23 | 2021-12-24 | 上海材料研究所 | Efficient heating multi-section type middle leaky-ladle system for gas atomization powder preparation |
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