CN114589264A - Processing system and processing method of thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head - Google Patents
Processing system and processing method of thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head Download PDFInfo
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- CN114589264A CN114589264A CN202011405110.8A CN202011405110A CN114589264A CN 114589264 A CN114589264 A CN 114589264A CN 202011405110 A CN202011405110 A CN 202011405110A CN 114589264 A CN114589264 A CN 114589264A
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D51/00—Making hollow objects
- B21D51/16—Making hollow objects characterised by the use of the objects
- B21D51/38—Making inlet or outlet arrangements of cans, tins, baths, bottles, or other vessels; Making can ends; Making closures
- B21D51/44—Making closures, e.g. caps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D3/00—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts
- B21D3/16—Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts of specific articles made from metal rods, tubes, or profiles, e.g. crankshafts, by specially adapted methods or means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/10—Die sets; Pillar guides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
- B21D37/18—Lubricating, e.g. lubricating tool and workpiece simultaneously
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D45/00—Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass
- B21D45/02—Ejecting devices
- B21D45/04—Ejecting devices interrelated with motion of tool
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metal punch forming, and discloses a processing system and a processing method of a thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head, wherein the processing system comprises a punching device, the punching device comprises an upper die mounting seat and a lower die mounting seat, an upper die is mounted on the upper die mounting seat, a lower die is mounted on the lower die mounting seat, a die head is mounted below the upper die, a die head connecting seat is arranged between the die head and the upper die, and the die head is mounted in the center of the upper die; the processing method comprises the steps of blanking, prepressing and forming, primary heating, secondary stamping, secondary heating and tertiary stamping product forming; the invention can avoid the bulge phenomenon of most of arc sections on the edge of the sealing head by using a processing method of warm punch forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal punch forming, in particular to a processing system of a thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head and a processing method for performing warm punch forming on a large-diameter thin-wall seal head by using the processing system.
Background
The end socket is a key pressed part of various pressure containers and storage tanks, wherein the thin-wall end socket with the thickness T less than or equal to 3mm is mainly applied to the inner liners of the pressure containers and the storage tanks on spacecrafts and large-size pressure containers, and the forming process of the thin-wall end socket has important influence on the manufacturing technology of the pressure containers. The traditional pressure vessel end socket is mostly produced by adopting a stamping method, and the production of the end socket by the stamping method needs a large-tonnage large-table hydraulic press and a complete large-scale die, so that the production characteristics of single piece, small batch and multiple varieties of the end socket of the aerospace pressure vessel are not suitable. Therefore, various end sockets are produced by adopting a spinning method from 60 years abroad. The end socket on the spacecraft is larger in size compared with a civil product, is designed to be smaller in wall thickness for reducing weight, and is high in size precision requirement, so that the forming difficulty is high, and particularly the spinning forming difficulty of a thin-wall end socket with a small thickness-diameter ratio is higher. There is a need to develop a low cost, high quality, high precision spin forming technique.
The existing large-diameter thin-wall end socket is difficult to process, is generally replaced by a thick end socket, and adopts a cold stamping process or a hot stamping process. The small R section of the end socket is easy to bulge due to the stamping processes, the inclination of the straight edge section is larger after the end socket is formed, and in order to solve the problem, a more perfect processing method is needed to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a processing system and a processing method of a thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention is solved by the following technical scheme:
a processing system of a thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head comprises a stamping device, wherein the stamping device comprises an upper die mounting seat and a lower die mounting seat, an upper die is mounted on the upper die mounting seat, a lower die is mounted on the lower die mounting seat, a die head is mounted below the upper die, a die head connecting seat is arranged between the die head and the upper die, and the die head is mounted in the center of the upper die; the lower die is used for placing a blank, and a top cylinder mechanism is arranged below the blank and used for ejecting the blank upwards.
Preferably, the stamping device is further provided with a frame, a heating gun is arranged on the frame and is positioned above the lower die, and a gun mouth of the heating gun is opposite to the bent part of the blank edge.
Preferably, the straight-edge gradient repairing device comprises a first fixing mechanism positioned on the inner side of the end enclosure and a first correcting mechanism arranged on the outer surface of the end enclosure relative to the fixing mechanism, the contact surface of the first fixing mechanism and the end enclosure is a convex spherical surface, the contact surface of the first correcting mechanism and the end enclosure is also a convex spherical surface, the first fixing mechanism is used for fixing the end enclosure, and the first correcting mechanism moves on the outer side of the end enclosure.
Preferably, the bulge repairing device comprises a second fixing mechanism positioned on the inner side of the end socket and a second correcting mechanism arranged on the outer surface of the end socket relative to the fixing mechanism, the contact surface of the second fixing mechanism and the end socket is a convex spherical surface, the contact surface of the second correcting mechanism and the end socket is a concave spherical surface, the second fixing mechanism is used for fixing the formed end socket, and the second correcting mechanism moves on the outer side of the end socket.
A processing method of a thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head is used for processing the austenitic stainless steel seal head with the thickness T less than or equal to 3mm, adopts a processing system to process, and comprises the following steps:
A. blanking, calculating the blanking size according to the specification size and thickness of the required end socket and cutting the blanking size into blanks;
B. pre-pressing and forming, namely placing the blank on a lower die, coating lubricating oil on the surface of the blank, and pre-pressing; pre-pressing the plate into a blank to obtain a blank plate, ejecting the blank of the blank plate by using an ejection cylinder mechanism, and facing a heating gun to the blank plate;
C. heating for one time, namely heating by adopting a heating gun in an open fire baking mode to obtain a heated embryonic seal head, wherein the heating temperature is 300-350 ℃; the heating temperature can ensure that the processed end socket is not easy to deform, and the heating temperature condition is lower, thus being easy to realize and control;
D. c, secondary stamping, namely, returning the cylinder ejecting mechanism to the proper position, dropping the embryonic end socket obtained in the step C on the upper end surface of the lower die, stamping again, ejecting the semi-finished product by using the cylinder ejecting mechanism after two thirds of the end socket is stamped out, and carrying out secondary heating;
E. secondary heating, namely heating the semi-finished product again after the secondary stamping is finished in the step D, wherein the heating temperature is 300-350 ℃;
F. forming a product by three-time stamping; and E, performing third punch forming on the semi-finished product subjected to the secondary heating in the step E.
The warm stamping has the characteristics that the crystal grains of the internal structure of the plate become small when the plate is heated, the material property becomes soft, the plasticity is good, the plate is not easy to deform and is easy to press, good conditions are provided for forming the end socket with large diameter and thin thickness, and the purposes of strong plasticity and uniform forming of the plate are achieved.
Preferably, the pre-pressing step in the step B is to select a proper pressure parameter, press the lower end surface of the die head to the surface of the blank, press the lower end surface of the upper die to the upper end surface of the lower die, and then perform stamping to complete the blank pre-pressing forming.
Preferably, the top cylinder mechanism is provided with a rotating structure, the rotating structure can drive the seal head on the top cylinder mechanism to rotate, and the seal head is heated while rotating. The rotary structure can heat the end socket or the blank or the semi-finished product and rotate the end socket or the blank or the semi-finished product, so that the end socket can be uniformly heated when each heating is ensured, and deformation or other conditions caused by local overheating cannot occur.
Preferably, after the completion of the press forming, if a local bulge occurs, the bulge is repaired by the bulge repairing device.
Preferably, after the correction, if the straight edge position has a large inclination, the straight edge position is repaired by the straight edge inclination repairing device, and no correction mark is left after the repair.
Preferably, the device for cutting the blank in the step A is a numerical control plasma cutting machine.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the remarkable technical effects that: the thin-wall end socket is formed by heating through a specific process and a specific heating temperature, and the formed thin-wall end socket has the characteristics of thinness and difficult deformation.
The forming is carried out by a method of preliminary forming and repeated forming by multiple times of heating, a warm punch forming method is adopted, the forming temperature is low, and the forming temperature is up to 1000 ℃ compared with the existing forming temperature, so that the forming is more uniform and the phenomenon of local over-thickness or over-thin is avoided;
the processing method of warm stamping forming can avoid the phenomenon that most of arc sections on the edge of the sealing head generate bulges, but a small number of bulges can be generated locally, and the local bulges are repaired by a bulge repairing device. If the corrected straight edge inclination is larger, after the straight edge inclination repairing device is used for repairing, the straight edge inclination is normal, and no correction trace exists on the surface, so that the processing difficulty is reduced when the large-diameter thin-wall end socket is manufactured, and a product is easy to form.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the straight-side inclination correcting device.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the bulge repair device.
The names of the parts indicated by the numerical references in the above figures are as follows: the device comprises an upper die mounting base 1, an upper die mounting base 2, a lower die mounting base 11, an upper die 12, a die head 13, a die head connecting base 21, a lower die 22, a cylinder jacking machine 3, a rack 31, a heating gun 41, a first fixing mechanism 42, a first correcting mechanism 51, a second fixing mechanism 52 and a second correcting mechanism.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Example 1
A processing system of a thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head is shown in figures 1-3 and comprises a stamping device, wherein the stamping device comprises an upper die mounting seat 1 and a lower die mounting seat 2, an upper die 11 is mounted on the upper die mounting seat 1, a lower die 21 is mounted on the lower die mounting seat 2, a die head 12 is mounted below the upper die 11, a die head connecting seat 13 is arranged between the die head 12 and the upper die 11, and the die head 12 is mounted in the center of the upper die 11; the lower die 21 is used for placing a blank, and a cylinder ejecting mechanism 22 is arranged below the blank and used for ejecting the blank upwards. The two sides of the lower die are provided with processing grooves for bending during processing, and the bottom of the lower die is provided with a smooth bottom surface.
The stamping device is further provided with a frame 3, a heating gun 31 is arranged on the frame 3, the heating gun 31 is positioned above the lower die 21, and a gun mouth of the heating gun 31 is opposite to the bent part of the blank edge. The heating gun 31 may be provided with one or more, and may be specifically set according to the specification of a required end socket.
The straight-edge inclination repairing device comprises a first fixing mechanism 41 positioned on the inner side of the end enclosure and a first correcting mechanism 42 arranged on the outer surface of the end enclosure relative to the fixing mechanism, the contact surface of the first fixing mechanism 41 and the end enclosure is a convex spherical surface, the contact surface of the first correcting mechanism 42 and the end enclosure is also a convex spherical surface, the first fixing mechanism 41 is used for fixing the end enclosure, and the first correcting mechanism 42 moves on the outer side of the end enclosure. If necessary, the end socket is fixedly arranged on the straight-edge gradient repairing device for repairing.
The bulge repairing device comprises a second fixing mechanism 51 positioned on the inner side of the end enclosure and a second correcting mechanism 52 arranged on the outer surface of the end enclosure relative to the fixing mechanism, the contact surface of the second fixing mechanism 51 and the end enclosure is a convex spherical surface, the contact surface of the second correcting mechanism 52 and the end enclosure is a concave spherical surface, the second fixing mechanism 51 is used for fixing the formed end enclosure, and the second correcting mechanism 52 moves on the outer side of the end enclosure. If necessary, the end socket is fixedly arranged on the bulge repairing device for repairing.
Example 2
A processing method of a thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head is used for processing the austenitic stainless steel seal head with the thickness T less than or equal to 3mm, adopts a processing system to process, and comprises the following steps:
A. blanking, calculating the blanking size according to the specification size and thickness of the required end socket and cutting the blanking size into blanks;
B. pre-pressing and forming, namely placing the blank on a lower die 21, coating lubricating oil on the surface of the blank, and pre-pressing; the plate is pre-pressed into a blank to obtain a blank plate, the blank of the blank plate is ejected by using the ejection cylinder mechanism 22, and the heating gun 31 faces the blank plate;
C. heating for the first time by adopting a mode that a heating gun 31 is baked by open fire to obtain a heated embryonic seal head, wherein the heating temperature is 325 ℃;
D. secondary stamping, namely, returning the cylinder ejecting mechanism 22 to the proper position, dropping the embryonic end socket obtained in the step C on the upper end surface of the lower die 21, stamping again, ejecting the semi-finished product by using the cylinder ejecting mechanism 22 after two thirds of the part is stamped out, and carrying out secondary heating;
E. secondary heating, namely heating the semi-finished product again after the secondary stamping is finished in the step D, wherein the heating temperature is 325 ℃;
F. forming a product by three-time stamping; and E, performing third punch forming on the semi-finished product subjected to the secondary heating in the step E.
And the prepressing step in the step B is to select proper pressure parameters, press the lower end surface of the die head 12 to the surface of the blank, press the lower end surface of the upper die 11 to the upper end surface of the lower die 21, and then punch the blank to complete the blank prepressing and forming.
The heating gun 31 can be provided with one or more, and the top cylinder mechanism 22 is furnished with revolution mechanic, and revolution mechanic can drive the head on the top cylinder mechanism 22 and rotate, heats the head when rotatory, and the purpose is for guaranteeing that the heating is abundant.
After the punch forming is finished, if the local bulge phenomenon occurs, the bulge is repaired through the bulge repairing device.
And after correction, if the inclination of the straight edge position is larger, repairing the straight edge inclination repairing device at the straight edge position by the straight edge inclination repairing device.
And D, cutting the blank in the step A by using a numerical control plasma cutting machine.
Example 3
The difference from example 2 is that the heating temperature in step C is 300 ℃; the heating temperature in the step E is 350 ℃;
example 4
The difference from example 2 is that the heating temperature in step C is 350 ℃; the heating temperature in the step E is 300 ℃;
in summary, the above-mentioned embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in the claims of the present invention should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A processing system of a thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head comprises a stamping device, wherein the stamping device comprises an upper die mounting seat and a lower die mounting seat, an upper die is mounted on the upper die mounting seat, and a lower die is mounted on the lower die mounting seat; the lower die is used for placing a blank, and a top cylinder mechanism is arranged below the blank and used for ejecting the blank upwards.
2. The system for processing the thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head according to claim 1, wherein the stamping device is further provided with a frame, a heating gun is arranged on the frame, the heating gun is positioned above the lower die, and a gun mouth of the heating gun is opposite to the bent part of the blank edge.
3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a straight-edge gradient repairing device, wherein the straight-edge gradient repairing device comprises a first fixing mechanism located on the inner side of the seal head and a first correcting mechanism arranged on the outer surface of the seal head relative to the first fixing mechanism, a contact surface between the first fixing mechanism and the seal head is a convex spherical surface, a contact surface between the first correcting mechanism and the seal head is a convex spherical surface, the first fixing mechanism is used for fixing the seal head, and the first correcting mechanism moves on the outer side of the seal head.
4. The system of claim 1, further comprising a bulge repairing device, wherein the bulge repairing device comprises a second fixing mechanism located on the inner side of the end enclosure and a second correcting mechanism arranged on the outer surface of the end enclosure relative to the fixing mechanism, a contact surface between the second fixing mechanism and the end enclosure is a convex spherical surface, a contact surface between the second correcting mechanism and the end enclosure is a concave spherical surface, the second fixing mechanism is used for fixing the formed end enclosure, and the second correcting mechanism moves on the outer side of the end enclosure.
5. A processing method of a thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head is used for processing the austenitic stainless steel seal head with the thickness T less than or equal to 3mm, and is characterized in that the processing method adopts any one processing system of claims 1-4 to process, and comprises the following steps:
A. blanking, calculating the blanking size according to the specification size and thickness of the required end socket and cutting the blanking size into blanks;
B. pre-pressing and forming, namely placing the blank on a lower die, coating lubricating oil on the surface of the blank, and pre-pressing; pre-pressing the plate into a blank to obtain a blank plate, ejecting the blank of the blank plate by using an ejection cylinder mechanism, and facing a heating gun to the blank plate;
C. heating for one time, namely heating by adopting a heating gun in an open fire baking mode to obtain a heated embryonic seal head, wherein the heating temperature is 300-350 ℃;
D. c, secondary stamping, namely, returning the cylinder ejecting mechanism to the proper position, dropping the embryonic end socket obtained in the step C on the upper end surface of the lower die, stamping again, ejecting the semi-finished product by using the cylinder ejecting mechanism after two thirds of the end socket is stamped out, and carrying out secondary heating;
E. secondary heating, namely heating the semi-finished product again after the secondary stamping is finished in the step D, wherein the heating temperature is 300-350 ℃;
F. forming a product by three-time stamping; and E, performing third punch forming on the semi-finished product subjected to the secondary heating in the step E.
6. The method for processing the thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head according to claim 5, characterized in that: and B, pre-pressing, namely selecting a proper pressure parameter, pressing the lower end surface of the die head to the surface of the blank, pressing the lower end surface of the upper die to the upper end surface of the lower die, and then punching to finish the pre-pressing forming of the blank.
7. The method for processing the thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head according to claim 5, characterized in that: the top cylinder mechanism is provided with a rotating structure, the rotating structure can drive the seal head on the top cylinder mechanism to rotate, and the seal head is heated while rotating.
8. The method for processing the thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head according to claim 5, characterized in that: after the punch forming is finished, if the local bulge phenomenon occurs, the bulge is repaired through the bulge repairing device.
9. The method for processing the thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head according to claim 5, characterized in that: and after correction, if the inclination of the straight edge position is larger, repairing the straight edge inclination repairing device at the straight edge position by the straight edge inclination repairing device.
10. The method for processing the thin-wall austenitic stainless steel seal head according to claim 5, characterized in that: and D, cutting the blank in the step A by using a numerical control plasma cutting machine.
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