CN114588998A - Pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalum-niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene - Google Patents
Pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalum-niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene Download PDFInfo
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- CN114588998A CN114588998A CN202210108823.0A CN202210108823A CN114588998A CN 114588998 A CN114588998 A CN 114588998A CN 202210108823 A CN202210108823 A CN 202210108823A CN 114588998 A CN114588998 A CN 114588998A
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- Prior art keywords
- spodumene
- flotation
- product
- feldspar
- concentrate
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- CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;lithium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Li+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O CNLWCVNCHLKFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- RHDUVDHGVHBHCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium tantalum Chemical compound [Nb].[Ta] RHDUVDHGVHBHCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005352 clarification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 anionic fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010436 fluorite Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- TUZCOAQWCRRVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCCCOC(S)=S TUZCOAQWCRRVIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H sodium hexametaphosphate Chemical compound [Na]OP1(=O)OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])OP(=O)(O[Na])O1 GCLGEJMYGQKIIW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019982 sodium hexametaphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 113
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;titanium;trihydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.[Ti].[Fe] YDZQQRWRVYGNER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005593 dissociations Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052613 tourmaline Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011032 tourmaline Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940070527 tourmaline Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 2
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Li2O Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052849 andalusite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003796 beauty Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052614 beryl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M dilithium;hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[OH-] XUCJHNOBJLKZNU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006351 engineering plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052629 lepidolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- MECMQNITHCOSAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese titanium Chemical compound [Ti].[Mn] MECMQNITHCOSAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M monosodium L-glutamate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O LPUQAYUQRXPFSQ-DFWYDOINSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013923 monosodium glutamate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004223 monosodium glutamate Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005456 ore beneficiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052851 sillimanite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Ta](=O)O[Ta](=O)=O PBCFLUZVCVVTBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
- B03C1/002—High gradient magnetic separation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation, in particular to a pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalum, niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene. The comprehensive utilization method of the pegmatite comprises the steps of crushing and grinding raw ores, and then carrying out flotation, magnetic separation, gravity separation, concentration, dehydration, precipitation and clarification combined beneficiation process, so that valuable mineral resources such as mica, tantalum-niobium ore, cassiterite, feldspar, spodumene, building material sand and the like contained in the pegmatite can be recovered, high-quality recovery of spodumene concentrate, feldspar concentrate products and the like can be realized, the comprehensive recovery utilization rate is high, near zero emission of tailings and tail water can be realized, the comprehensive utilization method is suitable for large-scale production and application, and relatively stable beneficiation indexes can be maintained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation, in particular to a pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalum, niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene.
Background
The granite pegmatite is often enriched with various useful minerals such as spodumene, tantalite, niobite, zirconite, fluorite, quartz, feldspar, cassiterite, rare earth, muscovite, andalusite and the like, is one of the pegmatite with the widest distribution and the largest economic value, and the minerals which meet the lowest industrial grade requirement and have beneficiation recovery value mainly comprise spodumene, tantalite, niobite, cassiterite, mica, feldspar, quartz and the like. Lithium is used as a chemical product raw material, is widely applied to industries such as lithium chemical industry, metallurgy, glass, ceramics and the like, enjoys the beauty of industrial monosodium glutamate, and spodumene is a main lithium-containing mineral; the tantalum-niobium ore is a precious rare metal ore and is widely applied to the fields of electronics, biomedicine, special alloy, chemical industry, superconducting industry, precise ceramic glass and the like; the cassiterite is mainly applied to the field of electronic industry; mica is mainly applied to the industrial fields of radio, aviation, electric, engineering plastics and the like; the feldspar is widely applied to the industrial fields of glass, ceramics, chemical industry, paint, rubber and the like. Therefore, the effective extraction of minerals having a recovery value from pegmatite can improve the development value of resources.
At present, in mineral dressing research aiming at pegmatite at home and abroad and actual production of a dressing plant, most of the processes for singly floating spodumene or recovering feldspar from flotation tailings are adopted, the recovery effect on spodumene and feldspar is poor, and other valuable minerals contained in granite pegmatite are not comprehensively recovered. Patent application No. 2021103437104 discloses a pegmatite type lithium polymetallic ore beneficiation method, which recovers minerals in pegmatite, but beneficiation process steps cannot accurately and rapidly sort out high-quality industrial products, the sorting efficiency is low, and the products contain more impurities, so that the added value of the sorted industrial products is low, and the tailing waste is obvious due to insufficient comprehensive recovery rate. The limited ore dressing process not only affects the economic benefit of the ore dressing plant, but also wastes resources such as various valuable minerals and even strategic minerals. With the implementation of the green and environment-friendly mine policy, the optimization and modification work of the beneficiation process is particularly important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalum-niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene, which utilizes the difference of physicochemical properties such as element content, mineral composition, specific susceptibility, density, dissociation degree, flotability and the like of valuable minerals contained in pegmatite, adopts reasonable ore dressing equipment and process flows such as ore grinding, flotation, strong magnetic separation, gravity separation and the like to comprehensively recover industrial products such as mica, tantalum-niobium, cassiterite, spodumene, feldspar and the like, can sort out industrial products with high quality which can be directly applied to industrial production, has high sorting efficiency, contains few impurities in the obtained industrial products, can almost completely convert raw ores into usable industrial products, realizes near zero discharge of tailings, is suitable for large-scale production and application, and can maintain relatively stable ore dressing indexes.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalum-niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene, which comprises the following steps:
s10, crushing-grinding: crushing raw ores by a crusher, feeding the crushed raw ores into a closed circuit grinding system, separating coarse material products and fine material products with fineness not less than 72.40% of minus 200 meshes, and returning the coarse material products to the closed circuit grinding system for secondary grinding;
s20, preferential flotation: mixing the separated fine material products, feeding the mixed ore pulp into a first flotation machine, adding a first combined collecting agent into the first flotation machine for preferential flotation, and obtaining a first non-foam product and an easily-floating foam product containing mica and fluorite through preferential flotation, wherein the easily-floating foam product is tailings and is discharged into a tailing sedimentation tank;
s30, primary magnetic separation-reselection: performing first-stage strong magnetic separation operation on a first non-foam product obtained by preferential flotation, wherein the magnetic field intensity range of the first-stage strong magnetic separation is 0.9T-1.1T, a first magnetic substance and a first non-magnetic substance are obtained by the first-stage strong magnetic separation, the first non-magnetic substance contains a weak magnetic substance, the first magnetic substance is subjected to first-stage reselection, a first heavy mineral obtained by the first-stage reselection is tantalum-niobium rough concentrate, and a first light mineral obtained by the first-stage reselection is discharged into a tailing sedimentation tank;
s40, secondary flotation: the first nonmagnetic substance obtained by the first-stage strong magnetic separation enters a second flotation machine for flotation, a second combined collecting agent is added into the second flotation machine for secondary flotation, and a second foam product and a second non-foam product are obtained by the secondary flotation, wherein the second foam product is spodumene concentrate;
s50, secondary magnetic separation-gravity separation, wherein a second non-foam product obtained by the secondary flotation is subjected to second-stage strong magnetic separation operation, the magnetic field intensity range of the second-stage strong magnetic separation operation is 1.3T-1.5T, the second-stage strong magnetic separation operation is carried out to obtain a weak magnetic substance and a second non-magnetic substance, the weak magnetic substance is discharged into a tailing sedimentation tank, the second non-magnetic substance is subjected to second-stage gravity separation, a second heavy mineral separated by the second-stage gravity separation is rough tin concentrate, and a second light mineral separated by the second-stage gravity separation is feldspar concentrate;
s60, tertiary flotation: and mixing the easy-floating foam product subjected to the preferential flotation in the tailing sedimentation tank, the first light mineral subjected to the first stage gravity separation and the weak magnetic substance subjected to the second stage strong magnetic separation in the tailing sedimentation tank to obtain a mixed product, mixing the mixed product, feeding the mixed product into a third flotation machine, adding a third combined collecting agent into the third flotation machine for flotation, wherein the third foam product obtained by the third flotation is mica, and the third non-foam product obtained by the flotation is building sand.
Further, in step S40, the second combined collector uses sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide as a pulp regulator, calcium chloride as an activator, and the second combined collector further includes anionic fatty acid and oxidized paraffin to obtain spodumene concentrate product with a grade of not less than 6.5%.
Further, step S40 includes one roughing, two scavenging and at least two concentrating to obtain a spodumene concentrate product having a grade of not less than 6.82%.
Further, in step S20, the first combined collector uses sodium carbonate as a pulp conditioning agent, and further includes an anionic fatty acid and butyl xanthate.
Further, in step S60, the third combined collector uses starch, sodium silicate and sodium hexametaphosphate as an inhibitor, and further includes an anionic fatty acid and a cationic dodecylamine to obtain mica with a secondary grade or higher.
Further, in step S30, the tantalum-niobium rough concentrate is collected, and the collected tantalum-niobium rough concentrate is ground and reselected to obtain a tantalum-niobium concentrate product.
Further, in step S50, the tin rough concentrate is collected, and the collected tin rough concentrate is ground and reselected to obtain a tin concentrate product.
Further, S70, concentration-dehydration: dehydrating the first heavy mineral obtained in the step S30 to obtain a tantalum-niobium rough concentrate product; performing solid-liquid separation on the second foam product obtained in the step S40 to obtain a spodumene concentrate product; dehydrating the second heavy mineral obtained in the step S50 to obtain a tin rough concentrate product, and performing solid-liquid separation on the second light mineral obtained in the step S50 to obtain a feldspar concentrate product; and (5) performing solid-liquid separation on the third foamed product and the third non-foamed product in the step S60 to obtain a mica product and a building material sand product respectively.
Further, the integrated ore dressing method also comprises the step S70 of dewatering the first heavy mineral obtained in the step S30 through a combination of a vertical ring high gradient magnetic separator and a centrifugal separator; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the second foam product obtained in the step S40 through a deep cone thickener and a plate-and-frame filter press; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the second heavy mineral obtained in the step S50 through a vacuum filter, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the second light mineral obtained in the step S50 through a deep cone thickener and a plate and frame filter press; and (4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the third foam product and the third non-foam product in the step S60 through a deep cone thickener and a plate-and-frame filter press.
Further, the comprehensive beneficiation method further comprises the steps of S80, precipitation-clarification: the water obtained after the concentration and dehydration in the steps S30, S40 and S50 is respectively returned to the steps S30, S40 and S50 for recycling after precipitation and clarification; and (5) precipitating and clarifying the water obtained after concentration and dehydration in the step S60, and returning the water to the step S60 for recycling.
The pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalum-niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene has the beneficial effects that: the method utilizes the difference of physicochemical properties such as element content, mineral composition, specific susceptibility, density, dissociation degree, floatability and the like of valuable minerals contained in the pegmatite, adopts ore dressing equipment and process flows such as reasonable ore grinding classification, multiple flotation, strong magnetic impurity removal, magnetic tail gravity separation, magnetic fine flotation, mixed tail flotation and the like, comprehensively recovers industrial products such as mica, tantalum-niobium, cassiterite, spodumene, feldspar and the like, and has high comprehensive recovery utilization rate.
On the basis of sorting out higher-quality industrial products from pegmatite, tailings are fully utilized, almost no waste ore is generated, the utilization rate of raw ore is high, mineral dressing filtrate is returned to corresponding steps for recycling after being settled and clarified, tail water is fully utilized, and zero discharge of waste water is almost realized.
The comprehensive utilization method has the advantages of scientific process, simple and clear flow, reasonable configuration, strong applicability and the like, is suitable for large-scale production and application, and can keep relatively stable beneficiation indexes. When the pyrolusite, ilmenite, beryl, tourmaline, garnet, rare earth and other minerals contained in the pegmatite reach the industrial grade and have mineral separation value, the method provided by the invention can reasonably adjust or increase the process flow according to the difference of the physical and chemical properties of the minerals so as to achieve the purpose of comprehensively separating and recycling the high-value minerals, and therefore, the comprehensive utilization method provided by the application is more suitable for large-scale actual production.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalate-niobate, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene provided by the application.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly explain the overall concept of the present invention, the following detailed description is given by way of example in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It should be noted that in the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and thus the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Descriptions in this specification as relating to "first", "second", etc. are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicit to any indicated technical feature or quantity. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.
In the present application, a spodumene ore dressing plant in Sichuan is taken as an example for ore dressing, and research shows that the mine belongs to a granite pegmatite deposit, the main metal minerals comprise spodumene, tantalite, niobite, cassiterite, limonite, ilmenite, pyrolusite, pyrite, rare earth and the like, and the main nonmetal minerals comprise quartz, feldspar, muscovite, lepidolite, calcite, sillimanite, garnet, apatite, fluorite, zircon and the like. Original granite pegmatite ore containing Li2O 1.42％、Ta2O50.009％、Nb2O50.017％、Sn 0.034％、SiO269.68％、Al2O3 14.36％、K2O 3.13％、Na2O 2.98％、Fe2O3 1.48％。
As shown in fig. 1, the method for comprehensively utilizing pegmatite containing tantalate-niobate, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene according to the embodiment of the present application includes the following steps:
s10, crushing-grinding: the method comprises the following steps of crushing raw ores by a crusher, feeding the crushed raw ores into a closed circuit grinding system, separating coarse material products and fine material products with fineness of 72.40% of 200 meshes, and returning the coarse material products to the closed circuit grinding system for secondary grinding.
The pegmatite is a mineral with larger particles, so that smaller mineral particles are obtained by crushing and grinding, wherein the pegmatite can be crushed to-15 mm by a jaw crusher and a cone crusher and then enters a ball mill and a spiral classifier closed-circuit grinding system to be ground to a fine product with the fineness of-200 meshes of 72.40%, the fine product minerals can be fully separated in the operation of the subsequent steps by controlling the fineness of the fine product, meanwhile, the raw ore can be ground only by one-stage crushing, and the production difficulty and the increase of the production cost brought by multi-stage grinding can be reduced. Through crushing and closed circuit grinding operation, more sufficient monomer dissociation can be obtained among all minerals, and the obtained fine material product can ensure that elements in the raw ore are fully distributed in all fine particle products, thereby being beneficial to improving the separation efficiency of the minerals in the subsequent steps and improving the separation index of the minerals to a certain extent.
S20, preferential flotation: the fine material products which are sorted out are subjected to size mixing, ore pulp after size mixing enters a first flotation machine, a first combined collecting agent is added into the first flotation machine to perform preferential flotation, a first non-foam product and an easily floating foam product containing mica and fluorite are obtained through preferential flotation, and the easily floating foam product is tailings and is discharged into a tailing sedimentation tank. In step S20, the first combined collector may use sodium carbonate as a pulp conditioner to adjust the PH of the pulp, and further includes anionic fatty acids and butyl xanthate, so as to separate out some of the easily floating minerals such as mica, apatite, fluorite, ilmenite, pyrolusite, limonite, calcite, iron oxide, pyrite, and sulfide as foam products, and further remove some of the impurities in the minerals for the subsequent steps, especially when spodumene is floated, the easily floating mineral impurities may be significantly reduced, thereby improving the efficiency and quality of spodumene flotation. Specifically, in the optimal flotation, as the easily floated minerals are easy to float, a small amount of the first combined collecting agent can be added for the flotation of the easily floated minerals.
S30, primary magnetic separation-reselection: the first non-foam product obtained by preferential flotation is subjected to first-stage strong magnetic separation, the magnetic field intensity range of the first-stage strong magnetic separation is 0.9T-1.1T, a first magnetic substance and a first non-magnetic substance are obtained by the first-stage strong magnetic separation, the first non-magnetic substance comprises a weak magnetic substance, the first magnetic substance comprises tantalum niobium ore and part of other iron-containing minerals, the first magnetic substance is subjected to first-stage reselection, the tantalum niobium ore has higher hardness than other iron-containing minerals, so that first heavy minerals obtained by the first-stage reselection are tantalum niobium rough concentrates, and first light minerals obtained by the first-stage reselection are discharged into a tailing sedimentation tank.
By controlling the magnetic field range of the vertical ring high-gradient magnetic separator, the tantalite and the niobite with stronger magnetism in the minerals can be efficiently separated, and part of middle-magnetism impurity minerals such as garnet, tourmaline, limonite, pyrolusite and ilmenite in the minerals can be separated while more tantalite and niobite are separated, so that the content of the impurity minerals entering the subsequent steps is further reduced. Through the gravity separation of the centrifugal separator, the tantalum-niobium rough concentrate product with the larger specific gravity in the first magnetic substance can be more fully separated. And after mica, fluorite and first nonmagnetic substances in the raw ore are removed by optimized flotation and first-stage strong magnetic separation, the raw ore is re-selected, so that the efficiency of re-selecting the tantalum-niobium rough concentrate can be improved on the one hand, and the workload of re-selection can be reduced by reducing impurity minerals on the other hand, so that the equipment for comprehensive mineral separation can be used for a long time continuously.
S40, secondary flotation: and (3) allowing the first nonmagnetic substance obtained by the first-stage strong magnetic separation to enter a second flotation machine for flotation, adding a second combined collecting agent into the second flotation machine for secondary flotation, and obtaining a second foam product and a second non-foam product by the secondary flotation, wherein the second foam product is spodumene concentrate.
Under the premise of removing part of impurities in the minerals through preferential flotation and primary magnetic separation gravity separation, in step S40, the second combined collector can adopt sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide as an ore pulp regulator, calcium chloride as an activator, and can also comprise fatty acids and oxidized paraffin, so that a high-quality spodumene concentrate product with the grade of more than 6.5% can be obtained through flotation, and the grade of the spodumene concentrate product is greatly improved. The secondary flotation can comprise one roughing, two scavenging and at least two concentrating to fully enrich the spodumene in the first nonmagnetic material to obtain a spodumene concentrate product with a grade of not less than 6.82%, and of course, the times of roughing, scavenging and concentrating can be adjusted and are within the protection scope of the application. The first combined collector in the preferential flotation can collect iron-containing impurities in ore pulp to a certain extent, the iron-containing impurities in minerals can be further removed through the first-stage strong magnetic separation, and meanwhile, easily-floating minerals, tantalum-niobium ores and other magnetic minerals are separated in the steps S20 and S30, so that the grade of spodumene concentrate can be improved due to the fact that fewer impurity minerals are in the secondary flotation, spodumene concentrate products with the grade not less than 6.82% can be obtained, and higher economic value is brought.
And S50, secondary magnetic separation-gravity separation, wherein the second non-foam product obtained by the secondary flotation is subjected to second-stage strong magnetic separation operation, the magnetic field intensity range of the second-stage strong magnetic separation operation is 1.3T-1.5T, the weak magnetic substance and the second non-magnetic substance are obtained by the second-stage strong magnetic separation, the weak magnetic substance comprises ferric silicate and the like, the weak magnetic substance is discharged into a tailing sedimentation tank, the second non-magnetic substance is subjected to second-stage gravity separation, and the specific gravity of tin is high, so that the second heavy mineral separated by the second-stage gravity separation is rough tin concentrate, and the second light mineral separated by the second-stage gravity separation is feldspar concentrate.
The content of feldspar in the granite pegmatite is large, and usually reaches more than 50%, so that the method is particularly important for high-value separation of feldspar in the granite pegmatite. In the secondary magnetic separation, minerals such as limonite, ilmenite, pyrolusite, garnet, tourmaline, mica and the like with lower magnetization coefficients can be separated by setting higher magnetic field intensity, so that the impurity content in feldspar and tin rough concentrate is fully reduced, and particularly the content of iron-containing impurities is reduced. By performing two-stage strong magnetic separation before the second stage of gravity separation, the iron-containing impurities in the minerals can be more fully removed. And further performing gravity separation through a spiral concentrator, and separating the feldspar ore concentrate and the tin rough ore concentrate with higher specific gravity in the second non-magnetic substance to obtain the tin rough ore concentrate and the feldspar ore concentrate and realize collection, so that the economic value of separation of the feldspar ore concentrate and the raw ore is improved. And the spiral concentrating machine can separate the feldspar ore concentrate from impurity minerals with higher density, so that the whiteness of the feldspar ore concentrate is more than or equal to 65 percent, the feldspar ore concentrate which can be used as a first-grade product can be directly used for manufacturing high-quality ceramics and the like, and the additional value of the feldspar ore concentrate is greatly improved.
S60, tertiary flotation: and mixing the easy-to-float foam product subjected to the preferential flotation in the tailing sedimentation tank, the first light mineral subjected to the first stage gravity separation and the weak magnetic substance subjected to the second stage strong magnetic separation in the tailing sedimentation tank to obtain a mixed product, mixing the mixed product, feeding the mixed product into a third flotation machine, adding a third combined collecting agent into the third flotation machine for flotation, wherein the third foam product obtained by the third flotation is mica, and the third non-foam product obtained by the flotation is building material sand.
In step S60, the third combined collector may use starch, sodium silicate and sodium hexametaphosphate as an inhibitor, the inhibitor may inhibit iron oxide, titanium manganese, apatite, fluorite, quartz, calcite, dolomite and other minerals containing iron, titanium, manganese, phosphorus, calcium, fluorine and magnesium, the third combined collector further includes anionic fatty acid and cationic dodecylamine, mica with more than secondary grade can be obtained by the collecting agent, the quality of the selected mica is improved, the third non-foam product obtained by the third flotation is building material sand, the physicochemical properties of the building material sand, such as composition, granularity, hardness, friction coefficient and the like, can be suitable for manufacturing building materials or cement raw materials such as sand for aerated bricks, non-load-bearing concrete and the like, therefore, the tailings generated during raw ore separation can be used, the production benefit is obviously improved, the pressure of the tailing storage capacity is reduced and even avoided, and the economic benefit is further improved.
S70, concentration-dehydration: dehydrating the heavy minerals obtained in the step S30 to obtain tantalum-niobium rough concentrate products; performing solid-liquid separation on the foam product obtained in the step S40 to obtain a spodumene concentrate product; dehydrating the heavy minerals obtained in the step S50 to obtain a tin rough concentrate product, and performing solid-liquid separation on the light minerals obtained in the step S50 to obtain a feldspar concentrate product; and (4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the foamed product and the non-foamed product in the step S60 to respectively obtain a mica product and a building material sand product.
In step S70, different equipment can be selected for dehydration or solid-liquid separation according to the yield and physical properties of the product in different steps, and in a specific embodiment, the heavy mineral obtained in the step S30 is dehydrated by a combination of a vertical ring high gradient magnetic separator and a centrifugal separator; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the foam product obtained in the step S40 through a deep cone thickener and a plate and frame filter press; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the heavy minerals obtained in the step S50 through a vacuum filter, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the light minerals obtained in the step S50 through a deep cone thickener and a plate and frame filter press; and (4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the foamed product and the non-foamed product in the step S60 through a deep cone thickener and a plate-and-frame filter press. After full concentration and dehydration, six directly usable industrial products, namely tantalum-niobium rough concentrate products, spodumene concentrate products, tin rough concentrate products, feldspar concentrate products, mica products and building material sand products can be obtained respectively.
S80, precipitation-clarification: the water obtained after the concentration and dehydration in the steps S30, S40 and S50 is respectively returned to the steps S30, S40 and S50 for recycling after precipitation and clarification; and (4) precipitating and clarifying the water obtained after concentration and dehydration in the step S60, and returning the water to the step S60 for recycling.
Through the operations of precipitation and clarification, the precipitate generated by precipitation in each step and the non-foam product obtained by tertiary flotation can be combined into building material sand which is used as building material or cement raw material. The water obtained after clarification in each step can be returned to the corresponding step for recycling, so that the recycling of the tail water is realized, and the waste of resources and the pollution to the environment caused by tail water discharge are reduced or avoided. The combined collector used in the flotation of mica in step S60 contains a large amount of chemical, so the solid-liquid mixture produced in step S60 can be discharged into a designated sedimentation basin and can only be returned to the third flotation machine in step S60 after clarification, and therefore, the chemical does not affect other steps.
For example, see the following table for the comprehensive utilization beneficiation indicators for granite pegmatite using the examples provided in the present application:
the grade of the spodumene concentrate can reach 6.82%, and the spodumene concentrate can be directly used as a spodumene concentrate product with a first grade, so that the economic value of the spodumene concentrate product is effectively improved, and the lithium resource in the ore is fully utilized; the yield of the feldspar concentrate product is 53.46%, the iron content of the feldspar concentrate product is 0.10%, and the whiteness is 66.70%, so that the selected feldspar concentrate can be directly used as the feldspar concentrate product for first-grade ceramic products, and the use value of the selected feldspar concentrate product can be directly improved; the mica concentrate product of the secondary product is fully sorted out from the mixed product of the tailings in the multiple steps, so that the market value of the comprehensive mineral separation product is improved; after the mica is floated out from the mixed product of the tailings in multiple steps, the rest materials are mainly various minerals which are subjected to full crushing and grinding and have uniform particles, contain more silicon, are more suitable for manufacturing building material sand or cement raw materials for aerated bricks and non-bearing concrete, and have higher value when being directly used as the aerated bricks and the concrete.
Therefore, according to the pegmatite comprehensive beneficiation method provided by the application, a plurality of products with high grade and high grade which can be directly used can be sorted out, so that the mineral resources in pegmatite can be utilized with high value. And the yield of each sorted product is high, no waste is generated, the pegmatite minerals are all sorted into industrial products with economic value, the pegmatite minerals are fully utilized, and the mineral utilization rate is high.
And for a concentrating mill, high-value industrial products such as high-grade spodumene concentrate, feldspar concentrate, mica and the like which are directly applied can be selected, so that the economic benefit of an enterprise is obviously improved, more importantly, the selected products with higher grade can be used for fully and efficiently utilizing mineral resources, and the method has important significance for protecting the environment and avoiding resource waste.
So far, the technical solutions of the present disclosure have been described in connection with the foregoing embodiments, but it is easily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to only these specific embodiments. The technical solutions in the above embodiments can be split and combined, and equivalent changes or substitutions can be made on related technical features by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present disclosure, and any changes, equivalents, improvements, and the like made within the technical concept and/or technical principles of the present disclosure will fall within the protection scope of the present disclosure.
The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment.
The above are merely examples of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalum-niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s10, crushing-grinding: crushing raw ores by a crusher, feeding the crushed raw ores into a closed circuit grinding system, separating coarse material products and fine material products with fineness not less than 72.40% of minus 200 meshes, and returning the coarse material products to the closed circuit grinding system for secondary grinding;
s20, preferential flotation: mixing the separated fine material products, feeding the mixed ore pulp into a first flotation machine, adding a first combined collecting agent into the first flotation machine for preferential flotation, and obtaining a first non-foam product and an easily-floating foam product containing mica and fluorite through preferential flotation, wherein the easily-floating foam product is tailings and is discharged into a tailing sedimentation tank;
s30, primary magnetic separation-reselection: performing first-stage strong magnetic separation operation on a first non-foam product obtained by preferential flotation, wherein the magnetic field intensity range of the first-stage strong magnetic separation is 0.9T-1.1T, a first magnetic substance and a first non-magnetic substance are obtained by the first-stage strong magnetic separation, the first non-magnetic substance contains a weak magnetic substance, the first magnetic substance is subjected to first-stage reselection, a first heavy mineral obtained by the first-stage reselection is tantalum-niobium rough concentrate, and a first light mineral obtained by the first-stage reselection is discharged into a tailing sedimentation tank;
s40, secondary flotation: the first nonmagnetic substance obtained by the first-stage strong magnetic separation enters a second flotation machine for flotation, a second combined collecting agent is added into the second flotation machine for secondary flotation, and a second foam product and a second non-foam product are obtained by the secondary flotation, wherein the second foam product is spodumene concentrate;
s50, secondary magnetic separation-gravity separation, wherein a second non-foam product obtained by the secondary flotation is subjected to second-stage strong magnetic separation operation, the magnetic field intensity range of the second-stage strong magnetic separation operation is 1.3T-1.5T, the second-stage strong magnetic separation operation is carried out to obtain a weak magnetic substance and a second non-magnetic substance, the weak magnetic substance is discharged into a tailing sedimentation tank, the second non-magnetic substance is subjected to second-stage gravity separation, a second heavy mineral separated by the second-stage gravity separation is rough tin concentrate, and a second light mineral separated by the second-stage gravity separation is feldspar concentrate;
s60, tertiary flotation: and mixing the easily-floated foam product, the first light mineral and the weak magnetic substance which enter the tailing sedimentation tank in the tailing sedimentation tank to obtain a mixed product, mixing the mixed product, then entering a third flotation machine, adding a third combined collecting agent into the third flotation machine for flotation, wherein the third foam product obtained by the third flotation is mica, and the third non-foam product obtained by the flotation is building material sand.
2. The method for comprehensively utilizing pegmatite containing tantalum-niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S40, sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide are adopted as pulp regulators, calcium chloride is adopted as an activator, and the second combined collector further comprises anionic fatty acids and oxidized paraffin so as to obtain a spodumene concentrate product with the grade not less than 6.5%.
3. The pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalum, niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene as claimed in claim 2, wherein step S40 includes one roughing, two scavenging and at least two concentration steps to obtain spodumene concentrate product with grade not less than 6.82%.
4. The method for comprehensively utilizing pegmatite containing tantalum-niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S20, sodium carbonate is adopted as a pulp regulator for the first combined collector, and the first combined collector further comprises anionic fatty acids and butyl xanthate.
5. The method for comprehensively utilizing pegmatite containing tantalum-niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S60, starch, sodium silicate and sodium hexametaphosphate are adopted as inhibitors, and the third combined collector further comprises anionic fatty acid and cationic dodecylamine so as to obtain mica with secondary grade or higher.
6. The pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalic acid, niobium, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S30, the tantalum-niobium rough concentrate is collected, and the collected tantalum-niobium rough concentrate is ground and reselected to obtain a tantalum-niobium concentrate product.
7. The pegmatite comprehensive utilization method containing tantalate-niobate, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S50, the tin rough concentrate is collected, and the collected tin rough concentrate is ground and reselected to obtain a tin concentrate product.
8. The method for comprehensively utilizing pegmatite containing tantalate-niobate, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
s70, concentration-dehydration: dehydrating the first heavy mineral obtained in the step S30 to obtain a tantalum-niobium rough concentrate product; performing solid-liquid separation on the second foam product obtained in the step S40 to obtain a spodumene concentrate product; dehydrating the second heavy mineral obtained in the step S50 to obtain a tin rough concentrate product, and performing solid-liquid separation on the second light mineral obtained in the step S50 to obtain a feldspar concentrate product; and (4) performing solid-liquid separation on the third foamed product and the third non-foamed product in the step S60 to respectively obtain a mica product and a building material sand product.
9. The method for comprehensively utilizing pegmatite containing tantalate-niobate, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S70, the first heavy mineral obtained in step S30 is dehydrated by a combination of a vertical ring high gradient magnetic separator and a centrifugal separator; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the second foam product obtained in the step S40 through a deep cone thickener and a plate-and-frame filter press; carrying out solid-liquid separation on the second heavy mineral obtained in the step S50 through a vacuum filter, and carrying out solid-liquid separation on the second light mineral obtained in the step S50 through a deep cone thickener and a plate and frame filter press; and (4) carrying out solid-liquid separation on the third foam product and the third non-foam product in the step S60 through a deep cone thickener and a plate-and-frame filter press.
10. The method for comprehensively utilizing pegmatite containing tantalate-niobate, cassiterite, feldspar and spodumene as claimed in claim 1, further comprising:
s80, precipitation-clarification: the water obtained after the concentration and dehydration in the steps S30, S40 and S50 is respectively returned to the steps S30, S40 and S50 for recycling after precipitation and clarification; and (5) precipitating and clarifying the water obtained after concentration and dehydration in the step S60, and returning the water to the step S60 for recycling.
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