CN113769883B - Spodumene ore dressing process - Google Patents
Spodumene ore dressing process Download PDFInfo
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- CN113769883B CN113769883B CN202110905937.3A CN202110905937A CN113769883B CN 113769883 B CN113769883 B CN 113769883B CN 202110905937 A CN202110905937 A CN 202110905937A CN 113769883 B CN113769883 B CN 113769883B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B7/00—Combinations of wet processes or apparatus with other processes or apparatus, e.g. for dressing ores or garbage
Abstract
The invention discloses a spodumene beneficiation process, which comprises the following steps of: waste disposal pre-enrichment, fine ore, mica pre-flotation and concentrate recovery, wherein the waste disposal pre-enrichment comprises: crushing and photoelectric waste disposal, wherein the crushing is used for crushing raw ores to a first target granularity; the photoelectric separation waste disposal is used for primarily removing part of impurities in the crushed mineral aggregate; the fine ore is used for crushing the waste-thrown pre-enriched mineral aggregate to a second target granularity; the mica prefloating is used for separating the mineral aggregate after the fine ore into mica and target mineral aggregate; concentrate recovery is used to obtain lithium concentrate from the target mineral. According to the spodumene ore dressing process, the ore materials qualified in crushing operation are subjected to photoelectric separation waste discarding operation, so that impurities such as part of amphiboles, biotites and the like existing in raw ores can be removed, convenience is provided for subsequent mica pre-flotation operation and spodumene flotation operation, the production cost is reduced, and the accuracy of lithium concentrate obtained in concentrate recovery operation is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of mineral separation, in particular to a spodumene mineral separation process.
Background
In the related art, lithium is one of dilute alkali elements, is widely distributed in nature, is also an important energy metal, and is an important raw material for solving the long-term energy supply of human beings due to the application of the lithium in high-energy lithium batteries and controlled thermonuclear reactions. The development of the lithium industry is closely related to the development of the military industry, and the lithium series products are widely applied to industries such as smelting, refrigeration, atomic energy, aerospace, ceramics, glass, lubricating grease, rubber, welding, medicine, batteries and the like.
Spodumene is the most important resource of spodumene, the spodumene ore generally has higher mud content, the ore mud pollutes the mineral separation environment, the floatability of the ore is deteriorated, and some soluble salt ions in the ore mud can activate spodumene and gangue minerals at the same time, so that the difference of spodumene floatability is not great; in addition, the ore contains amphibole, biotite and other various impurities, and the conventional spodumene ore dressing process adopts conventional separate recovery processes of crushing, grinding and flotation, so that the ore has certain limitations, the recovery effect is not ideal, and the production cost is difficult to control.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the invention aims at providing a spodumene beneficiation process, which can improve the precision of lithium concentrate.
The spodumene beneficiation process comprises the following steps of: waste disposal pre-enrichment, wherein the waste disposal pre-enrichment comprises: crushing for crushing raw ore to a first target particle size; the photoelectric waste disposal is used for primarily removing part of impurities in the crushed mineral aggregate; the fine ore is used for crushing the waste-thrown pre-enriched mineral aggregate to a second target granularity; mica prefloating, wherein the mica prefloating is used for separating mineral materials after the fine ores into mica and target mineral materials; and concentrate recovery, wherein the concentrate recovery is used for obtaining lithium concentrate from the target mineral aggregate.
According to the spodumene ore dressing process, the ore materials qualified in crushing operation are subjected to photoelectric separation waste discarding operation, so that impurities such as part of amphiboles, biotites and the like existing in raw ores can be primarily removed, convenience is brought to subsequent mica prefloating operation and spodumene flotation operation, production cost is reduced, and accuracy of lithium concentrate obtained by concentrate recovery operation is improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the crushing comprises the steps of: coarsely crushing raw ore to a first transition granularity; crushing the ores with the first transition granularity to a second transition granularity; finely crushing the ore of the second transition particle size to the first target particle size.
Further, the photoelectric waste selection and disposal is performed after the medium crushing and before the fine crushing.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fine ore comprises the steps of: ball milling and crushing the mineral aggregate with the first target granularity; and screening the crushed mineral aggregate at least once to obtain the mineral aggregate with the second target granularity.
Further, the step of screening the ball-milled mineral aggregate at least once to obtain the mineral aggregate with the second target particle size comprises the following steps: carrying out primary particle size classification on the mineral aggregate in a linear vibrating screen; and classifying the ore material in a secondary granularity in a high-frequency vibration fine screen, wherein the linear vibration screen, the high-frequency vibration fine screen and the ball milling and crushing structure a fine ore loop, and the waste-throwing pre-enriched ore material circulates in the fine ore loop to obtain the ore material with the second target granularity.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mica prefloat comprises the steps of: magnetic separation is carried out on the mineral aggregate with the second target granularity so as to separate the mineral aggregate into iron concentrate and nonmagnetic mineral aggregate; the non-magnetic mineral aggregate is subjected to flotation to desliming and mica.
Still further, the magnetic separation of the mineral aggregate of the second target particle size to separate into iron concentrate and non-magnetic mineral aggregate includes the steps of: performing weak magnetic roughing on the mineral aggregate with the second target granularity to separate the mineral aggregate into high-magnetism mineral aggregate and low-magnetism mineral aggregate; performing weak magnetic concentration on the high-magnetism mineral aggregate to separate the high-magnetism mineral aggregate into the iron concentrate and the first tailings; and carrying out strong magnetic separation on the low-magnetic mineral aggregate to separate the low-magnetic mineral aggregate into the non-magnetic mineral aggregate and the second tailings.
In some embodiments, the non-magnetic mineral aggregate is subjected to flotation to remove sludge and mica, comprising the steps of: carrying out rotational flow desliming on the nonmagnetic mineral aggregate; pulping the non-magnetic mineral aggregate subjected to the rotational flow desliming; and roughing the non-magnetic mineral aggregate after the sizing to separate the non-magnetic mineral aggregate into mica and target mineral aggregate.
Further, the spodumene beneficiation process further comprises: concentrating the target mineral aggregate obtained by roughing to separate the target mineral aggregate into impurities and middlings; and (3) scavenging the mica obtained by rough concentration.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the concentrate recovery is used to obtain lithium concentrate from the target mineral aggregate, comprising the steps of: sequentially carrying out cyclone concentration, scrubbing and cyclone desliming on the target mineral aggregate; and carrying out flotation on the target mineral aggregate subjected to the cyclone desliming to obtain the lithium concentrate.
Further, the flotation of the target mineral aggregate after the rotational flow desliming to obtain the lithium concentrate comprises the following steps: at least one-time size mixing is carried out on the target mineral aggregate subjected to the rotational flow desliming; sequentially carrying out roughing, scavenging and at least one-time carefully selecting on the target mineral aggregate after the size mixing; and carrying out thickening operation and filtering operation on the target mineral aggregate after the concentration to obtain the lithium concentrate.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a spodumene beneficiation process in accordance with embodiments of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a specific schematic diagram of a spodumene beneficiation process in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative and intended to explain the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
A spodumene beneficiation process in accordance with embodiments of the present invention is described below with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
The spodumene beneficiation process according to the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps: waste disposal pre-enrichment, fine ore, mica pre-flotation and concentrate recovery.
Wherein, the waste disposal pre-enrichment comprises: crushing and photoelectric waste disposal, wherein the crushing is used for crushing raw ores to a first target granularity; the photoelectric selective waste disposal is used for primarily removing part of impurities in the crushed mineral aggregate; the fine ore is used for crushing the waste-thrown pre-enriched mineral aggregate to a second target granularity; the mica prefloating is used for separating the mineral aggregate after the fine ore into mica and target mineral aggregate; the concentrate recovery is used to obtain lithium concentrate from the target mineral aggregate.
Specifically, the ore of spodumene raw ore is generally large in size and contains amphibole, biotite and other various impurities therein, so that it is necessary to crush the ore to an appropriate size by a crushing operation to primarily separate the impurities from target mineral aggregates.
Wherein, crushing operation can be carried out in the breaker, and the kind of breaker can be according to the mineral kind of needs and production needs reasonable choice, and crushing operation can divide and go on many times, and the granularity of ore after the crushing operation each time is even less than the granularity of ore after the crushing operation of last time, can realize like this "more garrulous little grinds" namely: the raw ore is fully crushed, and the granularity requirement of photoelectric separation is met, so that the grinding and selecting quantity is greatly reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
After the ore is crushed for a plurality of times to proper granularity, partial amphibole, biotite and other impurities contained in the raw ore are dissociated from the target ore material, namely spodumene, at the moment, a part of amphibole and biotite can be primarily removed from the crushed raw ore by utilizing the color difference of the amphibole, biotite and spodumene through a photoelectric concentrator or other color separation equipment, and thus, the problem that the impurities are difficult to completely remove in the subsequent flotation process due to the similarity of the ore density and floatability of the amphibole, biotite and spodumene can be avoided.
After the photoelectric separation and waste disposal are completed, the crushed qualified mineral aggregate can be conveyed to a powder ore bin, the mineral aggregate with the first target granularity is crushed to the second target granularity by a powder ore device, then the residual biotite and other impurities contained in the mineral aggregate are further removed fully by utilizing a flotation process from the mineral aggregate with the second target granularity, the target mineral aggregate meeting the granularity requirement can be obtained, and finally the target mineral aggregate is subjected to flotation to obtain lithium concentrate meeting the granularity and purity requirement, wherein the lithium concentrate refers to spodumene concentrate.
According to the spodumene ore dressing process, the ore materials qualified in crushing operation are subjected to photoelectric separation waste discarding operation, so that impurities such as part of amphiboles, biotites and the like existing in raw ores can be primarily removed, convenience is brought to subsequent mica prefloating operation and spodumene flotation operation, production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, the precision of lithium concentrate obtained in concentrate recovery operation can be improved.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the first target particle size may be in a range of less than 10mm, such that crushed mineral aggregate may enter a grinding operation to perform grinding to further reduce the particle size; the second target particle size may be in the range of less than 0.3mm, which facilitates sufficient dissociation of the target mineral material and impurities to facilitate subsequent mica prefloating operations.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the crushing comprises the steps of: coarse crushing, medium crushing and fine crushing. Specifically, crushing raw ore to a first transition particle size by coarse crushing; then crushing the ore with the first transition granularity to a second transition granularity through medium crushing; finally, the ore of the second transition particle size is finely divided to the first target particle size by fine crushing.
For example, rough crushing is firstly carried out on spodumene raw ore with the block size of about 800mm by a first section jaw crusher, the crushed ore is fed into a cone crusher by a belt for medium crushing, the medium crushed ore is fed into a double-layer vibrating screen by the belt, the ore is divided into three products in the double-layer vibrating screen, the upper-layer product is the ore with the granularity of more than 30mm, the middle-layer product is the ore with the granularity of 10mm-30mm, the ore with the granularity of less than 10mm can be directly fed into a ore crushing device by the belt for carrying out the next step of ore crushing operation, the materials of the upper-layer and the middle-layer are respectively fed into a photoelectric ore separator by a vibrating feeder for carrying out photoelectric selection or color selection, in the photoelectric selection process, the crushed qualified ore with the granularity of less than 10mm is directly fed into the ore crushing device for the next step of ore crushing operation by the belt, the ore with the granularity of more than 10mm can be fed into the cone crusher by the belt for carrying out the operation, the ore discharge can form a circulation loop with the single-layer vibrating screen for crushing operation until the crushed ore with the granularity of less than 10mm is less than 10mm, and the crushed ore is completely crushed by the crushed ore with the waste ore, and the crushed ore with the waste ore is crushed to be fully crushed to be crushed to the waste ore with the waste ore as a waste material, and the waste ore is in a waste bin is in a waste material, and is crushed by the waste material is crushed ore, and is crushed into a waste material is crushed ore, and has the waste ore is crushed ore is crushed into the ore and has to the ore is crushed ore and has.
It should be noted that, due to the limitation of the granularity of the materials that can be achieved by the crushing operation, the photoelectric concentrating machine or the color concentrating device cannot generally completely remove impurities such as biotite or muscovite from the diaspore ore in one operation, so that qualified mineral aggregate meeting the first target granularity needs to be sent to the mineral aggregate crushing device for further crushing to the second target granularity, so as to further remove the impurities such as residual mica.
Further, the photoelectric separation and disposal are carried out after the medium crushing and before the fine crushing, so that the impurities such as amphibole, mica and the like which are generated after the medium crushing and are separated from spodumene can be prevented from carrying out the fine crushing operation of the next step along with the spodumene, the workload of fine crushing and subsequent mineral separation operation can be reduced, the production cost is further reduced, and the purity of target mineral aggregates is improved.
In addition, the crushed materials are classified and then are subjected to photoelectric selection respectively, so that on one hand, the dissociation exposure of the amphibole and the biotite is more sufficient, on the other hand, the granularity range can be reduced, the granularity difference is reduced, the separation accuracy and the waste stone separation rate are improved, the waste stone discarding rate is more than 20%, and the loss rate is about 5%. Thereby effectively enriching the useful minerals, improving the selection grade of the subsequent operation, greatly reducing the treatment capacity of downstream processes such as ore grinding, desliming, sorting, tailing treatment, water treatment and the like, and greatly reducing the energy consumption, water consumption, medicament consumption and the like of the whole plant.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the fine ore comprises the steps of: ball milling and crushing the mineral aggregate with the first target granularity; and screening the crushed mineral aggregate at least once to obtain the mineral aggregate with the second target granularity.
Further, the step of screening the ball-milled mineral aggregate at least once to obtain the mineral aggregate with the second target particle size comprises the following steps: carrying out primary particle size classification on the mineral aggregate in a linear vibrating screen; and classifying the ore material in a secondary granularity in a high-frequency vibration fine screen, wherein the linear vibration screen, the high-frequency vibration fine screen and the ball milling and crushing structure a fine ore loop, and the waste-throwing pre-enriched ore material circulates in the fine ore loop to obtain the ore material with the second target granularity.
For example, the crushed qualified (i.e. meeting the first target granularity) mineral materials are conveyed into a grinding loop formed by combining a ball mill, a linear vibrating screen and a high-frequency vibrating fine screen through a belt, wherein the ball mill can continuously crush the mineral materials with the first target granularity, the linear vibrating screen can pre-classify the crushed mineral materials (i.e. primary granularity classification) through ball milling, and the high-frequency vibrating fine screen can serve as equipment for controlling classification, so that on one hand, the classification of the qualified mineral materials can be ensured to be strictly classified according to granularity, the classification effect is greatly improved, on the other hand, the phenomenon that useful minerals are returned to the ball mill again due to the fine clamping of the high-frequency vibrating fine screen to cause overgrinding is avoided, the service life of the high-frequency vibrating fine screen can be prolonged, and better conditions can be created for subsequent operations while the production cost is reduced.
In the primary particle size classification operation of the linear vibrating screen, mineral materials with the granularity smaller than 2mm can enter the high-frequency vibrating fine screen to carry out secondary particle size classification operation, mineral materials with the granularity larger than or equal to 2mm in the primary particle size classification operation can return to the ball mill to carry out ball milling and crushing again, mineral materials meeting the second target granularity can be screened out by the secondary particle size classification operation carried out in the high-frequency vibrating fine screen, and mineral materials not meeting the second target granularity can return to the ball mill to carry out ball milling and crushing again.
In addition, the old three-stage crushing process is adopted: the coarse crushing, medium crushing and fine crushing process realizes more crushing and less grinding, meets the granularity requirement of photoelectric separation, greatly reduces the grinding and selecting amount and reduces the production cost. Compared with the semi-autogenous grinding technology adopted by the conventional spodumene ore dressing, the energy consumption is lower.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the mica prefloat comprises the steps of: magnetic separation is carried out on the mineral aggregate with the second target granularity so as to separate the mineral aggregate into iron concentrate and nonmagnetic mineral aggregate; the non-magnetic mineral aggregate is subjected to flotation to desliming and mica.
Specifically, the crushed mineral aggregate contains spodumene and magnetic mineral aggregate, so that the magnetic mineral aggregate is required to be separated by magnetic separation, wherein the magnetic separation can comprise weak magnetic roughing, weak magnetic concentration and high-gradient strong magnetic separation, so that magnetic components in the mineral aggregate are sufficiently separated, and then the non-magnetic mineral aggregate left by the magnetic separation is subjected to flotation to remove mineral mud and mica which are not completely removed in photoelectric separation waste.
Still further, the magnetic separation of the mineral aggregate of the second target particle size to separate into iron concentrate and non-magnetic mineral aggregate includes the steps of: performing weak magnetic roughing on the mineral aggregate with the second target granularity to separate the mineral aggregate into high-magnetism mineral aggregate and low-magnetism mineral aggregate; performing weak magnetic concentration on the high-magnetism mineral aggregate to separate the high-magnetism mineral aggregate into the iron concentrate and the first tailings; and carrying out strong magnetic separation on the low-magnetic mineral aggregate to separate the low-magnetic mineral aggregate into the non-magnetic mineral aggregate and the second tailings.
Specifically, firstly, carrying out weak magnetic rough concentration on mineral aggregate meeting a second target granularity to separate the mineral aggregate into high-magnetism mineral aggregate and low-magnetism mineral aggregate, then carrying out weak magnetic concentration on the high-magnetism mineral aggregate to obtain iron concentrate and first tailings, and carrying out high-gradient strong magnetic separation on the low-magnetism mineral aggregate to obtain non-magnetic mineral aggregate rich in spodumene and second tailings, wherein the first tailings and the second tailings can be directly conveyed to a tailings warehouse for treatment through a belt.
In the embodiment, the combination step of weak magnetism and high gradient strong magnetism is adopted to remove iron before mica prefloat, on one hand, the weak magnetism separation can improve the prefloat separation effect, and the phenomenon that the amphibole in ore pulp and mechanical iron generated in the ore grinding process are magnetically agglomerated is avoided, so that the magnetic product produced by the high gradient magnetic separator is seriously entrained, and the loss of spodumene is higher; meanwhile, the problems of difficult ore unloading of the ferromagnetic minerals, magnetic medium blockage and the like are solved, so that the service life of the magnetic medium box is prolonged; the high-gradient strong magnetic separation can further remove amphibole, biotite and the like, avoid pollution to the surface of spodumene minerals, improve the floatability of the minerals and reduce the dosage of medicaments.
In some embodiments, the flotation of the non-magnetic mineral aggregate to remove sludge and mica may include the steps of: carrying out rotational flow desliming on the nonmagnetic mineral aggregate; pulping the non-magnetic mineral aggregate subjected to the rotational flow desliming; roughing the non-magnetic mineral aggregate after size mixing to separate the non-magnetic mineral aggregate into mica and target mineral aggregate, and carefully selecting the target mineral aggregate obtained by roughing to separate the non-magnetic mineral aggregate into impurities and target mineral aggregate; and (3) scavenging the mica obtained by rough concentration.
Specifically, the granularity of the non-magnetic mineral aggregate subjected to desliming by a hydrocyclone is smaller than 0.02mm, then the underflow of the hydrocyclone is subjected to size mixing and pre-flotation of one coarse step and one fine step, the obtained flotation foam mica can be directly discarded as tailings, and the obtained target mineral aggregate can be subjected to the next flotation operation, so that the target mineral aggregate is obtained; compared with the ' spodumene direct flotation process ', the ' preferential floating mica and the're-floating spodumene ' are adopted, so that not only can the lithium grade be remarkably improved, but also the lithium recovery rate can be improved. Meanwhile, as the mica is easy to float, the addition of one-time fine selection operation is beneficial to reducing spodumene taken away by mica preselection. In particular, the process has low impurity content and relatively stable quality, is beneficial to transformation and acidification of the subsequent spodumene and improves the extraction rate of lithium, thereby greatly reducing the production cost of lithium carbonate and being beneficial to meeting the requirement of lithium salt production.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the concentrate recovery is used to obtain lithium concentrate from the target mineral aggregate, comprising the steps of: sequentially carrying out cyclone concentration, scrubbing and cyclone desliming on the target mineral aggregate; flotation is carried out on the target mineral aggregate after rotational flow desliming to obtain the lithium concentrate, and the method comprises the following steps: at least one-time size mixing is carried out on the target mineral aggregate subjected to the rotational flow desliming; sequentially carrying out roughing, scavenging and at least one-time carefully selecting on the target mineral aggregate after the size mixing; and carrying out thickening operation and filtering operation on the target mineral aggregate after the concentration to obtain the lithium concentrate.
Specifically, by mica prefloating, non-magnetic mineral aggregate can be separated into mica and target mineral aggregate, then the target mineral aggregate is concentrated by a hydrocyclone and added with a dispersing agent for high concentration and high strength scrubbing, and then enters a lower hydrocyclone for desliming again, the particle size after desliming becomes less than or equal to 0.010mm, and the underflow of the lower hydrocyclone is subjected to two-time intensified pulping by a stirring barrel and is subjected to one-time roughing, one-time scavenging and three-time concentration to obtain spodumene concentrate; and the flotation foam products in each operation are sequentially returned to the previous operation for re-sorting, and the middlings obtained by flotation are returned to the ball mill for re-grinding, so that the spodumene intergrowth is fully dissociated as much as possible, and the fine spodumene concentrate and the flotation tailings are finally produced.
Coarse-grained refractory mud is one of the flotation characteristics of spodumene, and the floatability of spodumene is seriously deteriorated due to weathering or pollution of the spodumene surface in ore pulp. In addition, some of the salt-soluble ions (iron and aluminum ions, etc.) in the pulp activate not only spodumene but also gangue minerals. Therefore, in the embodiment, the spodumene is treated by alkali before floatation, so that the dispersion of the mineral mud is promoted, high-concentration and high-strength stirring and scrubbing are carried out, and the floatability of the spodumene can be greatly improved after the reinforced desliming and slurry mixing are carried out for a plurality of times. Meanwhile, the floating middlings are returned to the ball mill for regrinding, so that spodumene intergrowth is fully dissociated as much as possible, and a better grading index is obtained.
In some embodiments, spodumene concentrate obtained by flotation is subjected to thickening operation and belt filter filtration dehydration in sequence by a thickener, and the obtained filter cake is conveyed to a concentrate bin by a belt.
It is noted that the return water before the thickener is adopted as the water for the beneficiation process, and as the muddy material is difficult to settle, certain suspended matters exist in the overflow of the thickener, the influence on flotation indexes is larger. In the embodiment, tailings generated in each operation step of ore dressing are combined and discharged into the tailings pond, and after long-time natural precipitation and degradation, the quality of backwater water of the tailings pond is greatly improved, and the backwater water can be reused as backwater, so that water resources and production cost are saved, and flotation indexes are improved.
In summary, by adopting the spodumene beneficiation process disclosed by the embodiment of the invention, under the condition that the grade of raw ore containing Li2O is 0.91%, the beneficiation index that the grade of concentrate is 5.5% and the recovery rate of concentrate is about 75% can be obtained.
A spodumene beneficiation process in accordance with one particular embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
Referring to fig. 2, a spodumene beneficiation process in accordance with embodiments of the present invention, comprising: waste disposal pre-enrichment, fine ore, mica pre-flotation, concentrate recovery and product dehydration.
Wherein, throw useless preconcentration includes: coarse crushing spodumene raw ore with the block size of about 800mm by a first section jaw crusher, feeding the crushed ore into a cone crusher by a belt for medium crushing, feeding the medium crushed material into a double-layer vibrating screen by the belt, dividing the mineral aggregate into three products in the double-layer vibrating screen, wherein the upper-layer product is mineral aggregate with the granularity of more than 30mm, the middle-layer product is mineral aggregate with the granularity of 10mm-30mm, the mineral aggregate with the granularity of less than 10mm can be directly fed into a powder ore device by the belt for the next powder ore operation, and the materials of the upper layer and the middle layer are respectively fed into a photoelectric concentrator by a vibrating feeder for photoelectric selection or color selection, the crushed qualified mineral aggregate with granularity smaller than 10mm is directly fed into ore grinding equipment for the next ore grinding operation, the mineral aggregate which is qualified by photoelectric selection but has granularity larger than 10mm can be fed into a cone crusher for fine grinding operation through a belt, the fine crushed mineral aggregate and a single-layer vibrating screen can form a circulation loop to crush the mineral aggregate until all the waste material is qualified products with granularity smaller than 10mm and fed into a ore grinding bin, thus, spodumene in the mineral aggregate can be prevented from being wasted, and the unqualified products of photoelectric selection, namely, amphibole, biotite and the like, can be processed as waste stones, for example, can be fed into a tailing warehouse by the belt.
The powder ore comprises: the crushed qualified (namely, meeting the first target granularity) mineral materials are conveyed into a grinding loop formed by combining the ball mill, the linear vibrating screen and the high-frequency vibrating fine screen through the belt, wherein the ball mill can continuously crush the mineral materials with the first target granularity, the linear vibrating screen can carry out pre-grading (namely, the primary granularity grading) on the mineral materials crushed by the ball mill, and the high-frequency vibrating fine screen can be used as equipment for controlling grading, so that on one hand, the strict grading of the qualified mineral materials can be ensured, the grading effect is greatly improved, on the other hand, the overgrinding of useful minerals caused by the fine clamping of the high-frequency vibrating fine screen is avoided, the service life of the high-frequency vibrating fine screen can be prolonged, the production cost is reduced, and meanwhile, better conditions can be created for subsequent operation. In the primary particle size classification operation of the linear vibrating screen, mineral materials with the granularity smaller than 2mm can enter the high-frequency vibrating fine screen to carry out secondary particle size classification operation, mineral materials with the granularity larger than or equal to 2mm in the primary particle size classification operation can return to the ball mill to carry out ball milling and crushing again, mineral materials with the granularity smaller than 0.3mm which meet the second target granularity can be screened out in the high-frequency vibrating fine screen, and mineral materials with the granularity not meeting the second target granularity can return to the ball mill to carry out ball milling and crushing again
The mica prefloat comprises: firstly, carrying out weak magnetic rough concentration on mineral aggregate meeting a second target granularity to separate the mineral aggregate into high-magnetism mineral aggregate and low-magnetism mineral aggregate, then carrying out weak magnetic concentration on the high-magnetism mineral aggregate to obtain iron concentrate and first tailings, and carrying out high-gradient strong magnetic separation on the low-magnetism mineral aggregate to obtain non-magnetic mineral aggregate rich in spodumene and second tailings, wherein the first tailings and the second tailings can be directly conveyed to a tailings warehouse for treatment through a belt; the grain size of the non-magnetic mineral aggregate subjected to desliming by the hydrocyclone is smaller than 0.02mm, then the underflow of the hydrocyclone is subjected to size mixing and pre-flotation of one coarse step and one fine step, the obtained flotation foam mica can be directly discarded as tailings, and the obtained target mineral aggregate can be subjected to the next flotation operation, so that the target mineral aggregate is obtained; compared with the ' spodumene direct flotation process ', the ' preferential floating mica and the're-floating spodumene ' are adopted, so that not only can the lithium grade be remarkably improved, but also the lithium recovery rate can be improved. Meanwhile, as the mica is easy to float, the addition of one-time fine selection operation is beneficial to reducing spodumene taken away by mica preselection. In particular, the process has low impurity content and relatively stable quality, is beneficial to transformation and acidification of the subsequent spodumene and improves the extraction rate of lithium, thereby greatly reducing the production cost of lithium carbonate and being beneficial to meeting the requirement of lithium salt production.
Concentrate recovery includes: concentrating target mineral aggregate obtained through mica prefloating through a hydrocyclone, adding a dispersing agent to scrub the target mineral aggregate at high concentration and high strength, then entering a lower hydrocyclone to desliming again, wherein the granularity after desliming becomes less than or equal to 0.010mm, and after the underflow of the lower hydrocyclone is subjected to reinforced pulp mixing twice through a stirring barrel, performing roughing, scavenging and refining three times to obtain spodumene concentrate; and the flotation foam products in each operation are sequentially returned to the previous operation for re-sorting, and the middlings obtained by flotation are returned to the ball mill for re-grinding, so that the spodumene intergrowth is fully dissociated as much as possible, and the fine spodumene concentrate and the flotation tailings are finally produced.
The product dehydration comprises: spodumene concentrate obtained by flotation can be sequentially subjected to thickening operation of a thickener and filtering dehydration of a belt filter, and the obtained filter cake is conveyed to a concentrate bin through a belt.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; the device can be mechanically connected, electrically connected and communicated; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples may be combined and combined by those skilled in the art without contradiction.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: many changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The spodumene beneficiation process is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
waste disposal pre-enrichment, wherein the waste disposal pre-enrichment comprises:
crushing for crushing raw ore to a first target particle size,
the crushing comprises the following steps:
coarsely crushing raw ore to a first transition granularity;
crushing the ores with the first transition granularity to a second transition granularity;
finely crushing the ore of the second transition particle size to the first target particle size;
the photoelectric separation waste disposal is used for primarily removing part of impurities in the crushed mineral aggregate, the photoelectric separation waste disposal is carried out after the medium crushing and before the fine crushing, specifically, spodumene raw ore is firstly coarsely crushed by a first section jaw crusher, the crushed mineral aggregate is sent to a cone crusher for medium crushing, the medium crushed mineral aggregate is sent to a double-layer vibrating screen, the mineral aggregate is divided into three products in the double-layer vibrating screen, the upper-layer product is the mineral aggregate with the granularity of more than 30mm, the middle-layer product is the mineral aggregate with the granularity of 10mm-30mm, the mineral aggregate with the granularity of less than 10mm is directly sent to the next step of ore grinding operation, the mineral aggregates at the upper layer and the middle layer are respectively sent to a photoelectric ore separator for photoelectric separation, the material after the photoelectric separation waste disposal is combined and sent to the cone crusher for fine crushing, the mineral aggregate and the single-layer vibrating screen form closed-circuit crushing, and the qualified product with the closed-circuit screen with the granularity of less than 10mm is sent to a powder ore bin;
the fine ore is used for crushing the waste-thrown pre-enriched mineral aggregate to a second target granularity,
the powder ore comprises the following steps:
ball milling and crushing the mineral aggregate with the first target granularity;
screening the crushed mineral aggregate at least once to obtain mineral aggregate with the second target granularity,
the step of screening the ball-milled mineral aggregate at least once to obtain the mineral aggregate with the second target granularity comprises the following steps:
carrying out primary particle size classification on the mineral aggregate in a linear vibrating screen;
secondary size classification of the mineral material in a high-frequency vibrating fine screen,
the linear vibrating screen, the high-frequency vibrating fine screen and the ball milling and crushing are configured into a fine ore loop, and the waste-throwing pre-enriched mineral aggregate circulates in the fine ore loop to obtain the mineral aggregate with the second target granularity;
mica prefloating, wherein the mica prefloating is used for separating mineral materials after the fine ores into mica and target mineral materials;
concentrate recovery for obtaining lithium concentrate from the target mineral aggregate,
the concentrate recovery is used for obtaining lithium concentrate from the target mineral aggregate, and comprises the following steps:
concentrating target mineral aggregate by a hydrocyclone, adding a dispersing agent for scrubbing, and then entering a lower hydrocyclone for cyclone desliming, wherein the dispersing agent is alkali;
and carrying out flotation on the target mineral aggregate subjected to rotational flow desliming to obtain the lithium concentrate, and returning middlings obtained by flotation to a ball mill for regrinding.
2. The spodumene beneficiation process in accordance with claim 1, wherein the mica prefloat comprises the steps of:
magnetic separation is carried out on the mineral aggregate with the second target granularity so as to separate the mineral aggregate into iron concentrate and nonmagnetic mineral aggregate;
the non-magnetic mineral aggregate is subjected to flotation to desliming and mica.
3. The spodumene beneficiation process of claim 2, wherein the magnetic separation of the second target particle size mineral material to separate into iron concentrate and non-magnetic mineral material comprises the steps of:
performing weak magnetic roughing on the mineral aggregate with the second target granularity to separate the mineral aggregate into high-magnetism mineral aggregate and low-magnetism mineral aggregate;
performing weak magnetic concentration on the high-magnetism mineral aggregate to separate the high-magnetism mineral aggregate into the iron concentrate and the first tailings;
and carrying out strong magnetic separation on the low-magnetic mineral aggregate to separate the low-magnetic mineral aggregate into the non-magnetic mineral aggregate and the second tailings.
4. A spodumene beneficiation process according to claim 3, wherein the non-magnetic mineral aggregate is subjected to flotation to remove slimes and micas, comprising the steps of:
carrying out rotational flow desliming on the nonmagnetic mineral aggregate;
pulping the non-magnetic mineral aggregate subjected to the rotational flow desliming;
and roughing the non-magnetic mineral aggregate after the sizing to separate the non-magnetic mineral aggregate into mica and target mineral aggregate.
5. The spodumene beneficiation process of claim 4, further comprising:
selecting the target mineral aggregate obtained by rough concentration to separate the target mineral aggregate into impurities and target mineral aggregate;
and (3) scavenging the mica obtained by rough concentration.
6. The spodumene beneficiation process according to claim 5, wherein the flotation of the target mineral aggregate after the rotational flow desliming to obtain the lithium concentrate comprises the steps of:
at least one-time size mixing is carried out on the target mineral aggregate subjected to the rotational flow desliming;
sequentially carrying out roughing, scavenging and at least one-time carefully selecting on the target mineral aggregate after the size mixing;
and carrying out thickening operation and filtering operation on the target mineral aggregate after the concentration to obtain the lithium concentrate.
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