CN114585364A - 谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂和σ受体激动剂作为止咳药的用途 - Google Patents
谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂和σ受体激动剂作为止咳药的用途 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114585364A CN114585364A CN202080073092.XA CN202080073092A CN114585364A CN 114585364 A CN114585364 A CN 114585364A CN 202080073092 A CN202080073092 A CN 202080073092A CN 114585364 A CN114585364 A CN 114585364A
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Abstract
公开了谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂和σ受体激动剂作为止咳药以治疗或预防咳嗽的用途。在优选的实施方式中,谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂是艾芬地尔或雷拉地尔。优选的σ受体激动剂包括氟伏沙明、氟西汀、艾司西酞普兰和多奈哌齐。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2019年10月28日提交的题为“用于治疗咳嗽的组合物和方法”的美国临时专利申请号62/926,871和2019年12月4日提交的题为“用于治疗咳嗽的组合物和方法”的美国临时专利申请号62/943,537的优先权,其内容在此通过引用整体明确地纳入本申请。
发明领域
本发明涉及化合物用于治疗咳嗽的用途,特别是谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂如艾芬地尔和雷拉地尔(Radiprodil)用于治疗咳嗽的用途。
背景
咳嗽(cough),也称为咳嗽病(tussis),是一种突然的、保护性的空气从肺部排出,通常伴有声音。咳嗽可能是不规律的,例如当它帮助清除呼吸道中的液体、刺激物(如空气污染)和/或外来颗粒时。然而,咳嗽可能会变得重复和频繁,这可能表明存在疾病,例如呼吸道感染或轻度支气管炎。咳嗽也可能是慢性的,持续数周,这可能与更严重的潜在医疗状况有关,例如哮喘、胃食管反流病、非哮喘性嗜酸性支气管炎(nonasthmatic eosinophilicbronchitis)和上气道咳嗽综合征。
慢性(持续性)咳嗽是指成人咳嗽持续8周或更长时间,或儿童持续4周。慢性咳嗽会打断睡眠,导致精力耗竭,在严重的情况下会导致严重的呕吐、头晕和肋骨骨折。
无痰干咳是IPF的非常常见的症状。至少70%-85%的IPF患者有干咳,通常在劳累时会变得更糟。
根据市场研究公司(Research and Markets)最近的报告,在美国,咳嗽是患者就医的最常见主诉,也是进行一般体检的第二大常见原因,导致每年超过2600万人次就诊。
目前尚无已知的咳嗽治疗方法。常规治疗倾向于关注缓解症状。这种治疗包括家庭疗法,例如喝蜂蜜水、非处方祛痰药和止咳药。
本发明提供了通常被研究并用作其他病状的潜在疗法的现有药物的新用途,用于治疗和/或缓解咳嗽。
发明概要
在本发明的一个实施方式中,谷氨酸2b受体(Glut2B或GluN2B)拮抗剂用于治疗或预防对象的咳嗽。Glut2B拮抗剂可以是艾芬地尔、雷拉地尔(Radiprodil)、曲索罗地(Traxoprodil)、利莱南达(Rislenmdaz)、依利罗地(Eliprodil)、Ro-25-6981和BMT-108908、EVT-101、CP101-606、MK-0657、EVT-103和AZD 6765中的一种或多种(药物化学年度报告(Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry)(2012)第47卷:94-103)。
附图说明
示例性实施方式在附图的参考图中示出。旨在将本文公开的实施方式和附图视为说明性而非限制性的。
图1是显示中枢神经系统受体和谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂与咳嗽的关系和病因的示意图。
图2是显示离子通道、受体和谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂关系的示意图。
图3是柱状图,总结了一项研究中用吉法匹生(Gefapixant)或艾芬地尔治疗后,与载剂组相比,在暴露于柠檬酸或盐水10分钟和恢复5分钟期间豚鼠组的咳嗽总数。
图4是柱状图,总结了一项研究中用吉法匹生或艾芬地尔治疗后,与载剂组相比,在暴露于柠檬酸或盐水10分钟和恢复5分钟期间豚鼠组的首次咳嗽发作。
发明详述
发明人已经发现被批准用于其他病状的某些药理化合物可用于预防和/或治疗咳嗽。
基于本文的说明,显示所述化合物可用于预防和/或治疗咳嗽。当本文所述的化合物与柠檬酸给予暴露于组胺的清醒豚鼠时,发现了镇咳作用。
目前用于缓解咳嗽症状的一种疗法是给予药理化合物吉法匹生,其在本文所述的实验实施例中用作阳性对照。
吉法匹生,C14H19N5O4S,是一种非麻醉性的P2X3受体选择性拮抗剂。最近的研究证明,它的应用可能对慢性咳嗽患者有一定的疗效。正在进行进一步的试验以进一步评估吉法匹生在控制慢性咳嗽患者咳嗽方面的疗效和安全性。吉法匹生的化学结构是:
本说明书显示了通过给予治疗有效量的艾芬地尔、雷拉地尔和其他谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂来抑制或减轻咳嗽的效果。本文所述的这些化合物是现有药物,通常已知用于治疗非肺源性相关病症。
其在减轻或预防咳嗽方面的疗效背后的原理包括谷氨酸受体和σ受体1是上述化合物的靶点这一事实。同样地,非特异性NMDA抑制剂美金刚(Memantine)也显示出临床前和临床疗效。
艾芬地尔的用途
艾芬地尔(Ifenprodil),4-[2-(4-苄基哌啶-1-鎓-1-基)-1-羟丙基]苯酚;2,3,4-三羟基-4-氧代丁酸,为本领域已知的选择性的N-甲基-d-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体谷氨酸受体拮抗剂,其特异性靶向NMDA型亚基2B(Glu2NB)。艾芬地尔还表现出对σ-1受体的激动剂活性,其为在内质网应激期间上调的伴侣蛋白。艾芬地尔最初(在20世纪70年代初期)被开发为血管扩张药。艾芬地尔目前正在研究用于治疗青少年PTSD。化学结构为:
在本文实施例中测试的一些实施方式中,使用了具有以下结构的半酒石酸艾芬地尔:
一方面,本发明提供了用艾芬地尔或其药学上可接受的变体治疗或预防对象咳嗽的用途和方法。
在一个实施方式中,艾芬地尔的用量为每天每kg对象0.6至5mg。在一个优选的实施方式中,艾芬地尔的用量为每天每kg对象0.8至3mg。在进一步优选的实施方式中,艾芬地尔的用量为每天每kg对象约1.5mg。
艾芬地尔或其药学上可接受的变体可以口服、静脉内或以本领域已知的方式给予对象。艾芬地尔或其药学上可接受的变体也可以与一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂一起给予。
雷拉地尔的用途
雷拉地尔(Radiprodil),2-[4-[(4-氟苯基)甲基]哌啶-1-基]-2-氧代-N-(2-氧代-3H-1,3-苯并噁唑-6-基)乙酰胺,在本领域已知为NMDA受体拮抗剂。它已用于研究治疗婴儿痉挛(IS)和糖尿病周围神经性疼痛的试验。雷拉地尔的化学结构为:
一方面,本发明提供使用雷拉地尔或其药学上可接受的变体治疗或预防对象咳嗽的用途和方法。
在一个实施方式中,雷拉地尔的用量为每天每kg对象1.6至3.3mg。在一个优选的实施方式中,雷拉地尔的用量为每天每kg对象约2.5mg。在进一步优选的实施方式中,雷拉地尔的用量为每天每kg对象约2.25mg。
雷拉地尔或其药学上可接受的变体可以口服、静脉内或以本领域已知的方式给予对象。雷拉地尔或其药学上可接受的变体也可以与一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂一起给予。
谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂的用途
在本发明的一个实施方式中,谷氨酸2b受体(Glut2B或GluN2B)拮抗剂用于治疗或预防对象的咳嗽。Glut2B拮抗剂可以是艾芬地尔、雷拉地尔、曲索罗地、利莱南达、依利罗地、Ro-25-6981和BMT-108908、EVT-101、CP101-606、MK-0657、EVT-103和AZD 6765中的一种或多种(药物化学年度报告(Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry)(2012)第47卷:94-103)。
在本发明的另一方面,艾芬地尔已知表现出NDMA受体拮抗性(GluN1,更具体地GluN2B亚基)和σ受体激动剂(更具体地亚型1)活性。σ受体是驻留在细胞内质网中的胞内伴侣。因此,具有相似活性的分子具有抗纤维化作用并治疗IPF。IPF可能伴有或不伴有咳嗽。先前对艾芬地尔和IPF的研究使用了小鼠博来霉素模型。由于小鼠没有咳嗽反射,对于艾芬地尔对咳嗽的作用(如果有的话)一无所知。代表性的σ受体激动剂包括选择性血清素再摄取抑制剂(serotonin reuptake inhibitor)(SSRI),例如氟伏沙明(fluvoxamine)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)、艾司西酞普兰(excitalpram)和多奈哌齐(donepezil)(J.PharmacologicalSciences(2015)127:6-9)。
组合用途
另一方面,本发明提供了使用艾芬地尔、雷拉地尔、曲索罗地、利莱南达、依利罗地、Ro-25-6981和BMT-108908、EVT-101、CP101-606、MK-0657、EVT-103和AZD 6765中的一种或多种组合治疗或预防对象咳嗽的用途和方法。另一方面,本发明提供了使用艾芬地尔、雷拉地尔、曲索罗地、利莱南达、依利罗地、Ro-25-6981和BMT-108908、EVT-101、CP101-606、MK-0657、EVT-103和AZD 6765中的一种或多种治疗或预防对象咳嗽的用途和方法,与地塞米松(Dexamethasone)、吡非尼酮(pirfenidone)和尼达尼布(nintedanib)中的一种或多种组合使用。
本文使用的术语“治疗有效量”是指足以在受治疗的对象中赋予所需预防性的或治疗性效果的活性成分的量。在一些实施方式中,有效量例如基于给药途径和频率、接受药理化合物的对象的物种和体重来确定。
在一些实施方式中,有效量的药理化合物与药学上可接受的载剂一起配制并给予对象。本文使用的术语“药学上可接受的”是指本领域已知的与药理化合物相容的载剂,同时其对接受治疗的对象也是安全的。在一些实施方式中,药学上可接受的载剂由本领域技术人员通过评估(例如药理学化合物在所述载剂中的溶解度)来确定。
参考以下实施例进一步描述本发明的实施方式,这些实施例在本质上是说明性的而不是限制性的。
实施例——材料和方法
一项研究中使用的豚鼠种类是24只雄性Dunkin Hartley豚鼠,每只体重在300到350g之间,由英国马歇尔生物资源公司(Marshall Bioresources Ltd)提供。
豚鼠抵达时被圈养在围栏(11125cm2)中,光照/黑暗周期为12小时。室温和湿度保持在内政部指南(home office guideline)范围内(分别为17-24℃和40-70%)。在所有围栏中也提供了丰富的环境。豚鼠被允许随意食用标准食物。水也可以随意从瓶子中获得。在实验程序开始之前允许7天的适应期。
在整个研究过程中,每天早上观察动物一次。在治疗期间,每15-30分钟观察一次动物。任何表现出身体不适迹象超出英国内政部项目许可证(UK home office projectlicence)限制的动物都会被处死,并通知申办方监察员。
以下指南(由英国内政部提供)用于评估在本研究中经受规范程序的动物的非特异性或意外不良反应。其与程序、测试化合物或对照药物给予剂量有关。将表现出两种或更多种任何以下与方案严重程度限制等价的限制性临床迹象的动物从研究中移除,并在机构(establishment)使用附表1方法(通常是颈椎脱位)实施安乐死。如果动物达到前两个迹象中的一个或两个的迹象,有或没有任何其他迹象,则将该动物从研究中移除,并在机构通过附表1方法处死。暴露于严重打斗伤害的动物也被从研究中移除,并在机构通过附表1方法处死。
限制性临床迹象包括:
·体重减轻超过最高测量个体体重的20%。
·食物和水的消耗低于正常的40%持续3天或厌食(72小时完全食欲不振)。
·明显的立毛和其他脱水迹象,例如皮肤起皱。
·对活动和挑衅反应迟钝。
·持续弓背(僵硬)。
·忧虑——持续发声。
·眼鼻分泌物持续且大量。
·呼吸费力。
·持续震颤。
·持续抽搐。
在这项研究中,没有动物因打架受伤或超过上述严重程度限制而被移除。
测试化合物,艾芬地尔和吉法匹生(粉末形式),通过最初添加最终处理缓冲液所需体积的100%丙二醇来制备和配制。以逐步方式添加额外的缓冲剂成分,首先是溶胶醇(solutol),然后是磺丁基环糊精(captisol)。每种成分的加入体积与储备制剂的处理缓冲液最终体积所需的体积相等。
特别地,对于吉法匹生,其为0.7mg/mL,在5mL/Kg的剂量体积中递送3.5mg/Kg的浓度。对于艾芬地尔,其为0.3mg/mL,在5mL/Kg的剂量体积中递送1.5mg/Kg的浓度。
在添加每种缓冲成分之前,使用必能信1510超音波样品震碎机(Branson 1510Sonicator)对测试化合物制剂进行15分钟的超声处理。之后,用制备的缓冲载剂稀释测试化合物和吉法匹生的初始制剂,以提供额外的给予剂量制剂。其为0.01至0.2mg/ml,优选0.06mg/mL,在5mL/Kg的剂量体积中递送0.3mg/Kg的剂量。
最终测试化合物缓冲载剂由10∶10∶80的丙二醇∶PBS中的20%溶胶醇(solutol)∶PBS中的5%磺丁基环糊精(captisol)混合物构成。
载剂通过将PBS中的20%溶胶醇添加到100%丙二醇中,然后添加PBS中的5%磺丁基环糊精配制。最终载剂制剂是丙二醇、20%溶胶醇和5%磺丁基环糊精的10∶10∶80混合物。因此,在每1mL载剂中,将有0.1mL 100%丙二醇、0.1mL 20%溶胶醇和0.8mL 5%磺丁基环糊精。
在给予剂量前对所有最终测试和对照制剂进行超声处理30分钟以产生均匀的悬浮液或确保制剂可见地溶解。
在暴露于咳嗽剂(柠檬酸)之前,使用下表1中列出的量,首先用载剂、测试化合物或吉法匹生对动物预处理(5mL/Kg,p.o.)。在每种情况下,治疗的给药途径是口服。
表1
接受吉法匹生(3.5mg/Kg)的动物在咳嗽剂暴露前2小时被给予剂量。接受艾芬地尔(1.5mg/Kg)的动物在咳嗽剂暴露前30分钟被给予剂量。
在咳嗽评估前10分钟,将每只动物单独放入特制的暴露室中,通过2L/分钟的雾化器提供气流,并允许适应其新环境。
在适应期之后,然后使用设置标称液体消耗速率为0.6mL/分钟的超声波雾化器(Aerogen)将每只动物暴露于1M柠檬酸气溶胶中10分钟。
手动记录在1M柠檬酸气溶胶10分钟和随后的观察5分钟期间引起的咳嗽和打喷嚏,以监测动物的福祉。该数据还用于为从数据采集系统(Powerlab)上记录的气流压力变化获得的数据集提供备份数据集,其用于确保准确区分咳嗽和打喷嚏。分析了咳嗽发作、咳嗽次数和频率以及打喷嚏的数据。
在每个实验结束时,立即用过量戊巴比妥对动物实施安乐死。
对每只豚鼠采取以下测量和评估:
·每个治疗组中引起咳嗽的平均总次数
·每组中首次咳嗽平均发作
·每个治疗组中柠檬酸暴露期间每分钟的平均咳嗽次数
通过单因素方差分析(ANOVA)对组间偏差进行统计分析。在不同处理水平的平均值存在显著差异的情况下,使用邓尼特检验与柠檬酸载剂组进行比较。p<0.05被认为是统计学显著的。
结果
咳嗽总数
图3总结了在使用吉法匹生(3.5mg/Kg,p.o.)艾芬地尔(1.5mg/Kg,p.o.)或载剂(5mL/Kg,p.o.)治疗后,豚鼠在柠檬酸(1M)或盐水暴露10分钟和恢复5分钟期间咳嗽的总数。
每列代表平均值,竖线代表s.e.平均值(每组n=6)。使用ANOVA然后邓尼特事后检验(Dunnett's post hoc test)将接受柠檬酸暴露的动物的测试化合物处理的动物总咳嗽次数与载剂对照动物进行比较(*),其中*P<0.05,**P<0.01。
原始数据载于下文附录A。载剂组每只动物平均咳嗽29.5次。吉法匹生治疗组每只动物平均咳嗽23.67次。值得注意的是,艾芬地尔治疗组每只动物平均咳嗽17.17次。
首次咳嗽发作
图4总结了在用吉法匹生(3.5mg/Kg,p.o.)艾芬地尔(1.5mg/Kg,p.o.)或载剂(5mL/Kg,p.o.)治疗后,豚鼠在柠檬酸(1M)或盐水暴露10分钟和恢复5分钟期间的首次咳嗽发作的时间量。
每列代表平均值,竖线代表s.e.平均值(每组n=6)。使用ANOVA然后邓尼特事后检验(Dunnett's post hoc test)将接受柠檬酸暴露的动物的测试化合物处理的动物首次咳嗽发作与载剂对照动物进行比较(*)。
原始数据载于下文附录A。载剂组的首次咳嗽发作为34.2秒。吉法匹生治疗组的首次咳嗽发作为49.7秒。值得注意的是,艾芬地尔治疗组的首次咳嗽发作为59.8秒。
打喷嚏总数
原始数据载于下文附录B。载剂组每只动物平均打喷嚏5.17次。吉法匹生治疗组每只动物平均打喷嚏3.17次。艾芬地尔治疗组每只动物平均打喷嚏3.33次。
结论
总之,雷拉地尔(Radprodil)和/或其他谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂(特别是艾芬地尔)的口服给予显示出预防和/或减轻咳嗽的疗效。
特别地,与未治疗的对照相比艾芬地尔(1.5mg/kg)显示出平均咳嗽频率降低42%(p<0.01)。与未治疗的对照相比吉法匹生(3.5mg/kg)显示出平均咳嗽频率降低20%(p<0.05)。与对照(34.2秒)相比,艾芬地尔(59.8秒)和吉法匹生(49.7秒)均显示出首次咳嗽发作的延迟。
在整个以下说明书中,阐述了具体细节以便为本领域技术人员提供更透彻的理解。然而,众所周知的元素可能没有被详细示出或描述以避免不必要地模糊本公开。因此,说明书和附图被认为是说明性的,而不是限制性的。
尽管上面已经讨论了许多示例性方面和实施方式,但是本领域技术人员将认识到它们的某些修改、排列、添加和子组合。因此,旨在将以下所附权利要求和下文介绍的权利要求解释为包括与整个说明书的最广泛解释一致的所有这样的修改、置换、添加和子组合。
Claims (24)
1.艾芬地尔用于治疗或预防对象咳嗽的用途。
2.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述艾芬地尔的量为每kg所述对象0.1至5mg。
3.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述艾芬地尔的量为每kg所述对象0.5至3mg。
4.如权利要求1所述的用途,其中所述艾芬地尔的量为每kg所述对象约1.5mg。
5.雷拉地尔用于治疗或预防对象咳嗽的用途。
6.如权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述雷拉地尔的量为每kg所述对象1至5mg。
7.如权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述雷拉地尔的量为每kg所述对象2至3mg。
8.如权利要求5所述的用途,其中所述雷拉地尔的量为每kg所述对象约2.5mg。
9.一种治疗或预防对象咳嗽的方法,所述方法包括:
给予所述对象治疗有效量的艾芬地尔。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中将每kg所述对象0.1至5mg的艾芬地尔给予所述对象。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中将每kg所述对象0.5至3mg的艾芬地尔给予所述对象。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中将每kg所述对象约1.5mg的艾芬地尔给予所述对象。
13.一种治疗或预防对象咳嗽的方法,所述方法包括:
给予所述对象治疗有效量的雷拉地尔。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中将每kg所述对象1至5mg的雷拉地尔给予所述对象。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中将每kg所述对象2至3mg的雷拉地尔给予所述对象。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,其中将每kg所述对象约2.5mg的雷拉地尔给予所述对象。
17.一种治疗或预防对象咳嗽的方法,所述方法包括给予治疗有效量的谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂选自艾芬地尔、依利罗地、雷拉地尔、曲索罗地、利莱南达、Ro-25,6981或BMT-108908、EVT-101、CP101-606、MK-0657、EVT-103和AZD 6765。
19.一种治疗或预防对象咳嗽的方法,所述方法包括给予治疗有效量的σ受体激动剂。
20.如权利要求19所述的方法,其中σ受体激动剂选自氟伏沙明、氟西汀、艾司西酞普兰和多奈哌齐。
21.谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂用于治疗或预防对象咳嗽的用途。
22.如权利要求21所述的用途,其中所述谷氨酸2b受体拮抗剂选自艾芬地尔、依利罗地、雷拉地尔、曲索罗地、利莱南达、Ro-25,6981或BMT-108908、EVT-101、CP101-606、MK-0657、EVT-103和AZD 6765。
23.σ受体激动剂用于治疗或预防咳嗽的用途。
24.如权利要求23所述的用途,其中所述σ受体激动剂选自氟伏沙明、氟西汀、艾司西酞普兰和多奈哌齐。
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