CN114577337B - Programmable wide-spectrum shaping device and spectrum measuring method and device - Google Patents
Programmable wide-spectrum shaping device and spectrum measuring method and device Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/12—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators
- G01J3/26—Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using multiple reflection, e.g. Fabry-Perot interferometer, variable interference filters
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
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Abstract
The invention discloses a programmable wide-spectrum shaping device, which is a multi-stage structure consisting of a group of asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers with different shaping parameters and a 4 x 1 beam combiner; one interference arm of the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer is connected with an optical phase shifter in series; each stage except the head and the tail is composed of two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers, the first stage is one asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers from the second stage are in cross connection with the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers at the later stage. The invention also discloses a spectral measurement method and a spectral measurement device. Compared with the prior art, the invention can realize spectral measurement without light splitting, greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the system and the measurement dynamic interval, and reduces the implementation cost of spectral measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spectral measurement, and particularly relates to a programmable wide-spectrum shaping device for spectral measurement.
Background
To detect information about the target spectrum, spectrometers have come to work, which can recover any unknown spectrum that is input. The spectrometer is widely applied to the fields of communication, materials science, astronomy, geography science, remote sensing and the like. With the development of the internet of things and intelligent equipment, an integrated spectrometer capable of reconstructing a spectrum through single measurement is urgently needed, such as intelligent wearable equipment, portable medical equipment, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing and the like. The existing integrated spectrometer mostly adopts a narrow-band light splitting type, namely, a narrow-band filter or a light splitting grating is used for extracting different wavelength components of a spectrum to be measured to different channels for independent measurement. The number of channels required is equal to the ratio of the spectrometer bandwidth to the accuracy. The principle of the scheme is simple, but in order to obtain a large bandwidth and high precision, the number of light splitting channels needs to be increased, so that the energy of a signal received by each detector is reduced, the size and the signal-to-noise ratio of a system are influenced, and the bandwidth, the precision, the size and the signal-to-noise ratio are difficult to be considered.
However, the computational spectrometer is becoming a research focus because it can effectively solve the above problems. The basic principle of the calculation type spectrometer is shown in fig. 1, the signal is firstly uniformly split to M paths, then the signal is subjected to spectrum global sampling by M broadband spectrum shaping devices with different transmission functions, the sampling result is subjected to photoelectric conversion into an electric signal, and the electric signal is processed by a specific algorithm, so that an unknown spectrum can be reconstructed. The heart of such spectrometers is the integration of broadband spectral shaping devices. When a high-performance broadband spectrum shaping device is adopted, the number M of the needed light splitting channels (namely the number of the broadband spectrum shaping devices) can be far smaller than the ratio of the bandwidth to the precision of the spectrometer, so that the advantages of large bandwidth and high precision of the spectrometer can be kept, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrometer can be effectively improved, and the size of the system can be reduced.
However, the existing published schemes still need to uniformly split the optical signal to be measured into a plurality of broadband shaping devices, which is equivalent to introducing extra optical splitting loss, and in order to pursue higher bandwidth and accuracy, the number of filters also needs to be increased, which further leads to an increase in optical splitting loss and a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio of the system.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a programmable wide-spectrum shaping device, based on which spectral measurement without light splitting can be realized, the signal-to-noise ratio and the measurement dynamic interval of a system are greatly improved, and the implementation cost of the spectral measurement is reduced.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a programmable wide-spectrum shaping device is a multi-stage structure consisting of a group of asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers with different shaping parameters and a 4 multiplied by 1 beam combiner; the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer is provided with two interference arms with different arm lengths, and one interference arm is connected with an optical phase shifter in series; each stage except the head and the tail is composed of two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers, the first stage is an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the last stage is a 4 multiplied by 1 beam combiner, two output ends of the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer of the first stage are respectively connected with one input end of each of the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the second stage, the other input ends of the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the second stage are in idle connection, the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers starting from the second stage are in cross connection with the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the next stage, and four output ends of the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the second stage which is inversely counted are respectively connected with four input ends of the 4 multiplied by 1 beam combiner of the last stage; and the shaping parameter is the arm length difference of the two interference arms and/or the coupler splitting coefficient.
Preferably, the number of stages of the multilevel structure is equal to or greater than 5.
Preferably, it is an on-chip integrated device.
The following technical scheme can be obtained based on the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device:
a spectrum measurement method, use the above-mentioned technical scheme stated programmable wide spectrum shaping device to carry on M times global sampling to the spectrum to be measured, and make the output function of the stated programmable wide spectrum shaping device different each other in every global sampling process through adjusting the phase shift amount of every phase shifter in the shaping device of programmable wide spectrum, M is a positive integer and smaller than the ratio N of the necessary working bandwidth and spectral accuracy; and reconstructing a spectrum to be detected according to the sampling results of the M times of global sampling.
Preferably, the phase shift amount of each phase shifter in the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device in the M times of global sampling process is obtained by optimizing through an optimization method with the minimum correlation between the transmission functions of the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device in the M times of global sampling process as an optimization target.
A spectrum measuring device comprises the programmable wide spectrum shaping device, a control module and a spectrum reconstruction module; the control module is used for carrying out M times of global sampling on the spectrum to be detected by using the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device, and enabling output functions of the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device to be different in each global sampling process by adjusting the phase shift amount of each phase shifter in the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device, wherein M is a positive integer and is smaller than the ratio N of the required working bandwidth to the spectrum precision; the spectrum reconstruction module is used for reconstructing a spectrum to be detected according to the sampling results of the M times of global sampling.
Preferably, the phase shift amount of each phase shifter in the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device in the M times of global sampling process is obtained by optimizing through an optimization method with the minimum correlation between the transmission functions of the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device in the M times of global sampling process as an optimization target.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device can dynamically adjust the output function of the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device very conveniently and quickly, the randomness of the adjusted transmission function in a wavelength domain is large enough, and the correlation between any two transmission functions is small enough, so that one device can be equivalent to M shaping devices required by the conventional calculation type spectrum measurement by sampling for multiple times, and the spectrum reconstruction can be realized by only 1 photoelectric detector as the signal to be measured does not need to be split, thereby greatly reducing the splitting loss of the conventional scheme, and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the system and the measurement dynamic interval; meanwhile, on-chip integration is more convenient to realize, and the occupied space and the manufacturing cost of the spectral measurement system can be greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional calculation type spectrum measuring apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the programmable broad spectrum shaping device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the output function of a single asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer varying phase shifter
FIG. 4 shows the simulation results of the transfer functions of the programmable broad-spectrum shaping device (including 5-stage asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer structures) in different phase shifter operating states.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the problems that extra light splitting loss is introduced to cause poor signal-to-noise ratio of a system, small measurement dynamic range, high cost and the like due to light splitting in the prior art, the invention adopts a wide-spectrum shaping device with a dynamic programmable function, equivalently constructs a plurality of wide-spectrum shaping devices with different transmission functions by changing the transmission function in real time, thereby realizing spectrum reconstruction by adopting a single device and a single detector without light splitting.
As shown in fig. 1, the conventional calculation type spectrometer includes a splitting unit, M broadband shaping devices, M photodetectors, and a signal processing unit; the branching unit is used for equally dividing the input optical signal into M paths, the branched M paths of optical signals are respectively processed by M broadband shaping devices with different transmission functions and then converted into electric signals by M photoelectric detectors, and the signal processing unit processes the M paths of electric signals to obtain the spectral information of the optical signal to be measured. After being divided into M paths, the optical signals to be measured correspondingly pass through M broadband shaping devices with different transmission functions one by one, wherein M is a positive integer and is far smaller than the ratio (marked as N) of the required working bandwidth and the spectral precision; then, the M photodetectors perform one-to-one photoelectric detection on the optical signals output by the M broadband shaping devices, and then the expressions of the converted electrical signals are as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
，
respectively showing the detection results of the 1 st to Mth photodetectors; n is a normalized coefficient obtained through calibration;
spectrum of the optical signal to be measured, wherein N is the ratio of the bandwidth to the precision of the spectrometer and can be regarded as N unknowns;
According to the analysis, the existing calculation type spectrometer needs more broadband shaping devices with different transmission function heights and corresponding photoelectric detectors, the number is increased along with the increase of the required measurement precision, and the occupied space and the manufacturing cost required for constructing a measurement system are higher; more importantly, the optical splitting loss caused by the optical splitting can cause the signal-to-noise ratio of the system to be reduced.
In order to solve the problem, the invention provides a programmable wide-spectrum shaping device, as shown in fig. 2, the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device is a multi-stage structure composed of a group of asymmetric mach-zehnder interferometers with different shaping parameters and a 4 × 1 beam combiner; the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer is provided with two interference arms with different arm lengths, and one interference arm is connected with an optical phase shifter in series; each stage except the head and the tail is composed of two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers, the first stage is an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the last stage is a 4 multiplied by 1 beam combiner, two output ends of the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer of the first stage are respectively connected with one input end of each of the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the second stage, the other input end of each of the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the second stage is in idle connection, and the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers starting from the second stage and the latter one are in idle connectionThe two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the stage are in cross connection, and four output ends of the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the penultimate stage are respectively connected with four input ends of the 4 multiplied by 1 beam combiner of the last stage; the shaping parameter is the arm length difference of the two interference arms
And/or a coupler splitting coefficient K.
For a single asymmetric mach-zehnder interferometer, the analysis is in principle: let an input optical signal be
Wherein
In order to be the amplitude of the signal,
is the phase. According to the Mach-Zehnder interferometer principle, the output signals of the two ports are respectively as follows:
wherein
And
respectively the electric field coupling coefficient and the transmission coefficient of the two couplers of the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer,
is the refractive index of the waveguide and,
the optical path difference of two arms of the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The visible output spectrum transfer function has a sine oscillation formWherein
The period of the sinusoidal signal is determined,
determines the signal amplitude and dc offset. And a plurality of asymmetric mach-zehnder interferometers are cross-connected as shown in fig. 2, and each transfer function has different period, amplitude and direct current bias, so that the transfer function of the whole device has high randomness in a wavelength domain. Meanwhile, the phase shifter is used for carrying out phase modulation on the single arm of the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer, so that the transmission function of the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer can be changed, and one device is equivalent to M shaping devices required by the conventional calculation type spectral measurement.
However, as shown in fig. 3, the change of the transfer function of the single mach-zehnder interferometer along with the phase adjustment of the phase shifter is only translation, and the change is not severe enough, so that the global sampling requirement required by the computational spectrum measurement cannot be met. And the structure of cross interconnection of the multistage Mach-Zehnder interferometers shown in FIG. 2 is adopted, the state of the phase shifter in the Mach-Zehnder interferometers is changed, the transmission function of the whole programmable wide-spectrum shaping device can be changed violently, and as shown in FIG. 4, the method is equivalent to constructing a plurality of broadband spectrum shaping devices with transmission functions with different heights, and meets the requirements of a calculation type spectrometer. In order to make the change of the transfer function with the adjustment of the phase shifter more severe, it is preferable to adopt a multistage structure of 5 stages or more than 5 stages.
The spectrum measurement system constructed by using the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device comprises the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device, a control module and a spectrum reconstruction module; when the spectrum measurement is carried out, the control module uses the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device to carry out M times of global sampling on the spectrum to be measured, and the phase shift amount of each phase shifter in the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device is adjusted to ensure that the output functions of the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device are different from each other in each global sampling process, wherein M is a positive integer and is far smaller than the ratio N of the required working bandwidth to the spectrum precision; the spectrum reconstruction module reconstructs the spectrum to be measured according to the sampling result of the M times of global sampling, the specific spectrum reconstruction method is similar to the existing spectral measurement scheme adopting light splitting calculation, and details are not repeated here for the sake of saving space.
The phase shift amount of each phase shifter in the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device in the M times of global sampling process can be determined in advance through experiments or simulation; preferably, the phase shift amount of each phase shifter in the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device in the M times of global sampling process is obtained by optimizing through optimization methods such as a particle swarm algorithm, an annealing algorithm, an ant colony algorithm and the like, with the minimum correlation between the transmission functions of the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device in the M times of global sampling process as an optimization target.
Claims (7)
1. A programmable wide-spectrum shaping device is characterized in that the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device is a multi-stage structure consisting of a group of asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers with different shaping parameters and a 4 x 1 beam combiner; the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer is provided with two interference arms with different arm lengths, and one interference arm is connected with an optical phase shifter in series; each stage except the head and the tail is composed of two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers, the first stage is an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the last stage is a 4 multiplied by 1 beam combiner, two output ends of the asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer of the first stage are respectively connected with one input end of each of the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the second stage, the other input ends of the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the second stage are in idle connection, the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers starting from the second stage are in cross connection with the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the next stage, and four output ends of the two asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers of the second stage which is inversely counted are respectively connected with four input ends of the 4 multiplied by 1 beam combiner of the last stage; and the shaping parameter is the arm length difference of the two interference arms and/or the coupler splitting coefficient.
2. The programmable broad spectrum shaping device of claim 1 wherein the number of levels of said multilevel structure is equal to or greater than 5.
3. The programmable broad spectrum shaping device of claim 1 which is an on-chip integrated device.
4. A spectrum measurement method, characterized in that, a programmable wide spectrum shaping device according to any one of claims 1 to 3 is used to perform global sampling for M times on a spectrum to be measured, and the phase shift amount of each phase shifter in the programmable wide spectrum shaping device is adjusted to make the output functions of the programmable wide spectrum shaping device different from each other in each global sampling process, wherein M is a positive integer and is smaller than the ratio N of the required working bandwidth and the spectrum precision; and reconstructing a spectrum to be detected according to the sampling results of the M times of global sampling.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the phase shift amount of each phase shifter in the programmable broad spectrum shaping device in the M times of global sampling is optimized by an optimization method with the objective of minimizing the correlation between the transfer functions of the programmable broad spectrum shaping device in the M times of global sampling.
6. A spectral measurement device, comprising the programmable broad spectrum shaping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, and a control module and a spectral reconstruction module; the control module is used for carrying out M times of global sampling on the spectrum to be detected by using the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device, and enabling output functions of the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device to be different in each global sampling process by adjusting the phase shift amount of each phase shifter in the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device, wherein M is a positive integer and is smaller than the ratio N of the required working bandwidth to the spectrum precision; the spectrum reconstruction module is used for reconstructing a spectrum to be detected according to the sampling results of the M times of global sampling.
7. The spectrum measuring apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the phase shift amount of each phase shifter in the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device in the M-times global sampling process is obtained by optimizing the phase shift amount by an optimization method with the minimum correlation between the transfer functions of the programmable wide-spectrum shaping device in the M-times global sampling process as an optimization target.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102395866A (en) * | 2009-02-24 | 2012-03-28 | 艾迪株式会社 | Planar lightwave fourier-transform spectrometer |
| CN108781118A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2018-11-09 | 阿尔卡特朗讯 | The system of optical linear sampling and relevant detection for optical signal |
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