CN114754870B - Wide spectrum shaping device for calculating type spectrum measurement and calculating type spectrometer - Google Patents
Wide spectrum shaping device for calculating type spectrum measurement and calculating type spectrometer Download PDFInfo
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
- G01J3/00—Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours
- G01J3/28—Investigating the spectrum
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wide spectrum shaping device for computational spectrum measurement and a computational spectrometer. The wide spectrum shaping device comprises two straight waveguides with included angles within the range of [0, 90 ]) and not intersected and a wave-shaped waveguide which is not intersected with the two straight waveguides, wherein the two straight waveguides are positioned in the same plane, a plurality of mutually coupled coupling areas are formed between the wave-shaped waveguide and each straight waveguide, a port, close to the first coupling area, of the straight waveguide forming the first coupling area with the wave-shaped waveguide along the moving direction of the wave-shaped waveguide is the input end of the wide spectrum shaping device, and a port, close to the last coupling area, of the straight waveguide forming the last coupling area with the wave-shaped waveguide along the moving direction of the wave-shaped waveguide is the output end of the wide spectrum shaping device. The invention is based on a common waveguide structure, has low requirement on the manufacturing process, does not introduce extra scattering loss, is easy to design, and has larger working bandwidth and higher precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of spectral measurement, and particularly relates to a wide spectrum shaping device for computational spectral measurement.
Background
To detect information about the target spectrum, spectrometers have evolved that can recover any unknown spectrum that is input. The spectrometer is widely applied to the fields of communication, materials science, astronomy, geographical science, remote sensing and the like. With the development of the internet of things and intelligent equipment, an integrated spectrometer capable of reconstructing a spectrum through single measurement is urgently needed, such as intelligent wearable equipment, portable medical equipment, unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing and the like. The existing integrated spectrometer mostly adopts a narrow-band light splitting type, namely, a narrow-band filter or a light splitting grating is used for extracting different wavelength components of a spectrum to be measured to different channels for independent measurement. The number of channels required is equal to the ratio of the spectrometer bandwidth to the accuracy. The principle of the scheme is simple, but in order to obtain a large bandwidth and high precision, the number of light splitting channels needs to be increased, so that the energy of a signal received by each detector is reduced, the size and the signal-to-noise ratio of a system are influenced, and the bandwidth, the precision, the size and the signal-to-noise ratio are difficult to be considered.
However, the computational spectrometer is becoming a research focus because it can effectively solve the above problems. The basic principle of the calculation type spectrometer is shown in fig. 1, the signal is firstly uniformly split to M paths, then the signal is subjected to spectrum global sampling through M broadband spectrum shaping devices (or simply wide spectrum shaping devices) with different transmission functions, the sampling result is subjected to photoelectric conversion into an electric signal, and an unknown spectrum can be reconstructed after the electric signal is processed by a specific algorithm. The core of such spectrometers is a broadband spectral shaping device. When a high-performance broadband spectrum shaping device is adopted, the number M of the needed light splitting channels (namely the number of the broadband spectrum shaping devices) can be far smaller than the ratio of the bandwidth to the precision of the spectrometer, so that the advantages of large bandwidth and high precision of the spectrometer can be kept, the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectrometer can be effectively improved, and the size of the system can be reduced.
The core device of the computed spectrometer is a series of wide spectrum shaping devices, and their transfer functions directly determine the performance of the whole spectrometer, such as working bandwidth, accuracy, the number of required wide spectrum shapers, and the like. Aiming at the core research task of the calculation type spectrometer, a novel wide spectrum shaper is developed, and various performance indexes of the calculation type spectrometer are improved. An ideal broad spectrum shaping device should have the following 3 characteristics:
1. the transfer function of each broad spectrum shaping device should have a high degree of randomness;
2. the transfer functions of any two wide-spectrum shaping devices should be highly uncorrelated;
3. each broad spectrum shaping device should have as little loss as possible.
However, most of the broadband spectrum shaping devices adopted in the prior disclosed schemes are random photonic crystals or random bragg grating structures, which cannot meet the requirements at the same time, resulting in limited performance of the computational spectroscopy system. Therefore, it is necessary to find a broad spectrum shaping device with lower processing difficulty, lower implementation cost and better performance to improve the performance and practicability of the computational spectrometer.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provide a wide spectrum shaping device for computational spectrum measurement, which can greatly reduce the processing difficulty and the implementation cost while improving the measurement performance of a system.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a wide spectrum shaping device for computational spectrum measurement comprises two straight waveguides and a wave-shaped waveguide, wherein the two straight waveguides are not intersected with each other, included angles of the two straight waveguides are within a range of [0, 90 ]), the wave-shaped waveguide is not intersected with the two straight waveguides, the two straight waveguides are located in the same plane, a plurality of coupling areas which are mutually coupled are formed between the wave-shaped waveguide and each straight waveguide, the straight waveguide which forms a first coupling area with the wave-shaped waveguide along the moving direction of the wave-shaped waveguide is a first straight waveguide, a port of the first straight waveguide, which is close to the first coupling area, is an input end of the wide spectrum shaping device, the straight waveguide which forms a last coupling area with the wave-shaped waveguide along the moving direction of the wave-shaped waveguide is a second straight waveguide, and a port of the second straight waveguide, which is close to the last coupling area, is an output end of the wide spectrum shaping device.
Preferably, the wave-shaped waveguide and the two straight waveguides are positioned in the same plane.
Preferably, the angle between the two straight waveguides is 0 degrees.
Preferably, the wide spectrum shaping device is an optical integration device.
Based on the same inventive concept, the following technical scheme can be obtained:
a calculation type spectrometer comprises a plurality of wide spectrum shaping devices with different transfer functions, a spectrum sampling device and a spectrum sampling device, wherein the wide spectrum shaping devices are used for respectively carrying out spectrum global sampling on optical signals to be measured; the wide spectrum shaping device is the wide spectrum shaping device in any one of the above technical schemes.
Preferably, the shaping parameters of the plurality of wide spectrum shaping devices with different transmission functions are obtained by optimizing the multi-objective optimization method, wherein the maximum randomness of the transmission function of a single wide spectrum shaping device in the wavelength domain is an optimization objective while the correlation among the wide spectrum shaping devices is minimum.
Further preferably, the correlation is measured in cross-correlation coefficients.
Further preferably, the randomness of the transfer function in the wavelength domain is measured in terms of the number of poles and/or the autocorrelation coefficient.
Preferably, the shaping parameters include at least one of the following parameters: the number of coupling areas, the spatial distribution parameters of the coupling areas and the coupling coefficients of the coupling areas.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the wide-spectrum shaping device provided by the invention is based on a common waveguide structure, does not need to have higher process precision like a grating or a photonic crystal device, does not introduce extra scattering loss, is easy to design, does not need higher processing precision, and has larger working bandwidth and higher precision; meanwhile, the device has rich design freedom, and can ensure that each device generates a highly random transfer function and any two devices can generate highly linear uncorrelated transfer functions.
The calculation type spectrum measuring device provided by the invention can reconstruct the input spectrum with high precision through single measurement, greatly reduces the manufacturing difficulty and the manufacturing cost due to the adoption of the broadband spectrum shaping device, effectively improves the measuring precision, and has the practicability far exceeding that of the conventional calculation type spectrometer.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a conventional calculation type spectrum measuring apparatus;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a preferred embodiment of the broad spectrum shaping device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simulation result of transfer functions for spectral shaping devices having different numbers of coupling regions; wherein the abscissa is wavelength in nm; the ordinate is a transmission coefficient, the transmission coefficient is 0 to indicate that transmission is not performed, and the transmission coefficient is 1 to indicate that all transmission is performed;
FIG. 4 is a simulation result of the transfer function of two spectral shaping devices with different shaping parameters, each device containing 9 coupling regions; wherein the abscissa is wavelength in nm; the ordinate is a transmission coefficient, the transmission coefficient is 0 to indicate no transmission, and the transmission coefficient is 1 to indicate all transmission;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structural principle of the computational spectrometer of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a simulation result of spectral reconstruction implemented using 32 broad spectrum shaping devices of the present invention; wherein the abscissa is the wavelength in nm and the ordinate is the normalized value of the amplitude.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention solves the problem that a plurality of coupling areas are introduced between two straight waveguides through a wave-shaped waveguide, and the result of signal interference of a plurality of paths is realized at the output end of a device, so that a highly random transmission function in a wide spectrum range is realized, and the processing difficulty and the realization cost of the device are greatly reduced while the performance is improved.
The invention provides a wide spectrum shaping device for computational spectrum measurement, which comprises two non-intersecting straight waveguides with an included angle of [0, 90) degree and a wavy waveguide which is not intersected with the two straight waveguides, wherein the two straight waveguides are positioned in the same plane, a plurality of mutually coupled coupling regions are formed between the wavy waveguide and each straight waveguide, the straight waveguide which forms a first coupling region with the wavy waveguide along the running direction of the wavy waveguide is a first straight waveguide, a port of the first straight waveguide, which is close to the first coupling region, is an input end of the wide spectrum shaping device, the straight waveguide which forms a last coupling region with the wavy waveguide along the running direction of the wavy waveguide is a second straight waveguide, and a port of the second straight waveguide, which is close to the last coupling region, is an output end of the wide spectrum shaping device.
In the technical scheme, the wave-shaped waveguide and the two straight waveguides can be positioned in the same plane or different planes, so that the wave-shaped waveguide and the two straight waveguides can be arranged in the same semiconductor layer structure or different semiconductor layer structures by adopting the optical integration manufacturing technology; preferably, the waved waveguide and the two straight waveguides are located in the same plane.
The included angle of the two straight waveguides can be flexibly designed in the range of [0, 90 ]), but from the viewpoint of difficulty in design, manufacture and simulation verification, the included angle of the two straight waveguides is preferably 0 degree, that is, the two straight waveguides are arranged in parallel.
The wide spectrum shaping device can be designed into a discrete device or an optical integrated device; preferably, the wide spectrum shaping device is an optical integration device.
The invention provides a calculation type spectrometer, which comprises a plurality of wide spectrum shaping devices with different transmission functions, a spectrum sampling device and a spectrum sampling device, wherein the wide spectrum shaping devices are used for respectively carrying out spectrum global sampling on a to-be-measured optical signal; the wide spectrum shaping device is the wide spectrum shaping device in any one of the above technical schemes.
Preferably, the shaping parameters of the plurality of wide spectrum shaping devices with different transmission functions are obtained by optimizing through a multi-objective optimization method, wherein the shaping parameters are the maximum optimization objective of randomness of the transmission function of a single wide spectrum shaping device in a wavelength domain while correlation among the wide spectrum shaping devices is minimum.
Further preferably, the correlation is measured in cross-correlation coefficients.
It is further preferred that the randomness of the transfer function in the wavelength domain is measured in terms of the number of poles and/or the autocorrelation coefficient.
Preferably, the shaping parameters include at least one of the following parameters: the number of coupling areas, the spatial distribution parameters of the coupling areas and the coupling coefficients of the coupling areas.
For the public to understand, the technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail by a preferred embodiment and the accompanying drawings:
the wide-spectrum shaping device of the present embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and includes two parallel straight waveguides and a wave-shaped waveguide sandwiched between the two straight waveguides, where there are multiple regions of the wave-shaped waveguide close to the two straight waveguides, and optical field coupling is formed between the wave-shaped waveguide and the corresponding straight waveguides, these coupling regions cause the output end of the device to be a result of multiple-path interference, and the more the coupling regions are, the more the paths of the interference at the output end are, the more the output function of the device is random, as shown in fig. 3. The input end of the wide spectrum shaping device is a port close to a first coupling area of a straight waveguide which forms the first coupling area with a waved waveguide along the running direction of the waved waveguide, the output end of the wide spectrum shaping device is a port close to the last coupling area of a straight waveguide which forms the last coupling area with the waved waveguide along the running direction of the waved waveguide, and specifically, the input end and the output end of the wide spectrum shaping device with the structure shown in fig. 2 are respectively a left port and a right port of a lower straight waveguide (or vice versa). The shaping parameter of the wide spectrum shaping device is the coupling coefficient kappa of each coupling region 1 、κ 2 ……κ N And the distance l between any two coupling regions 1 、l 2 ……l M . When a single wide-spectrum shaping device has X coupling areas, shaping parameters of the device have 3X-2 design degrees of freedom, and the change of the transmission function of the device can be realized by adjusting the design degrees of freedom, so that the transmission function of each device is changed violently, the transmission function heights of any two devices are different (as shown in figure 4), namely the correlation among the wide-spectrum shaping devices is small, and meanwhile, the randomness of the transmission function of the single broadband spectrum shaping device in the wavelength domain is large, and the requirement of computational spectrum measurement on the wide-spectrum shaping device can be completely met. In addition, because the device is based on a common waveguide structure, the device does not need to be like a grating or a photonic crystal device and needs higher process precision, and additional scattering loss is not introduced.
Fig. 5 shows the basic structure of a computational spectrometer constructed using the broad spectrum shaping device described above. As shown in fig. 5, it includes a branching unit, M spectrum shaping units, M photodetectors, and a signal processing unit; the branching unit is used for equally dividing the input optical signal into M paths, the branched M paths of optical signals are respectively shaped by M spectrum shaping units with different transmission functions and then converted into electric signals by M photoelectric detectors, and the signal processing unit processes the M paths of electric signals to obtain the spectrum information of the optical signal to be measured. Different from the existing calculation type spectrum measuring device, the M spectrum shaping units in the calculation type spectrum measuring device all adopt the wide spectrum shaping device shown in FIG. 2 and respectively comprise 9 coupling areas.
After being divided into M paths, the optical signals to be measured pass through M broad spectrum shaping devices with different transmission functions in a one-to-one correspondence mode, wherein M is a positive integer and is far smaller than the ratio (marked as N) of the required working bandwidth to the spectral precision; then, the M photodetectors perform one-to-one photoelectric detection on the optical signals output by the M broadband spectrum shaping devices, and then the converted electrical signal expression is as follows:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
，
respectively showing the detection results of the 1 st to Mth photodetectors; n is a normalized coefficient obtained through calibration;
the spectrum of the optical signal to be measured, N is the ratio of the bandwidth and the precision of the spectrometer, and can be regarded as N unknowns;
a sampling matrix for the M wide spectrum shaping devices,
is as followsiThe spectral transfer function of the individual broad spectrum shaping devices,
. Because the transmission function heights of the M wide-spectrum shaping devices are different, M can be far smaller than N; whereas for a conventional spectroscopic spectrometer, M is constantly equal to N. Therefore, the calculation type spectrum measuring device can keep less light splitting channels while realizing large bandwidth and high precision, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the system and reduce the size of the system.
The system simulation results of a computational spectrometer comprising 32 broad spectrum shaping devices of the present invention are shown in fig. 6, and the visible spectrum signal (bandwidth 100nm, minimum accuracy 1 nm) can be accurately reconstructed. Compared with the traditional spectrometer based on narrow-band filtering or dispersion grating, the spectrometer can realize spectrum reconstruction only by splitting the signal to be measured into 100 filters or dispersion channels with the sampling precision of 1nm, and the calculation type spectrometer provided by the invention can greatly reduce the number of required devices and the number of splitting channels, and improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the measurement dynamic interval.
In the above-described computational spectrometer, the larger the randomness of the transfer function of a single broadband spectrum shaping device in the wavelength domain and the smaller the correlation of the transfer functions of any two broadband spectrum shaping devices, the higher the measurement accuracy and the smaller the number of broadband spectrum shaping devices (i.e., M) required. Therefore, the shaping parameters of the plurality of broadband spectrum shaping devices can be used as parameters to be optimized, the randomness of the transmission function of a single broadband spectrum shaping device in a wavelength domain is the maximum optimization target while the correlation among the broadband spectrum shaping devices is the minimum, and the parameters to be optimized are optimized by a multi-target optimization method such as a simulated annealing algorithm, a particle swarm optimization algorithm, a genetic algorithm and the like, so that the devices such as the minimum spectrum shaping devices and the photoelectric detector can be used for obtaining higher spectral measurement precision. The correlation between the broadband spectrum shaping devices can be measured by using the cross correlation coefficient between the transmission functions, and the randomness of the transmission function of a single broadband spectrum shaping device in the wavelength domain can be measured by using the pole number and/or the autocorrelation coefficient.
Claims (9)
1. A wide spectrum shaping device for computational spectrum measurement is characterized by comprising two straight waveguides and a wavy waveguide, wherein the two straight waveguides are not intersected with each other and have an included angle within a range of [0, 90) degrees, the wavy waveguides are not intersected with the two straight waveguides, the two straight waveguides are located in the same plane, a plurality of mutually coupled coupling regions are formed between the wavy waveguide and each straight waveguide, a port, close to the first coupling region, on the straight waveguide, which forms the first coupling region with the wavy waveguide along the running direction of the wavy waveguide is an input end of the wide spectrum shaping device, and a port, close to the last coupling region, on the straight waveguide, which forms the last coupling region with the wavy waveguide along the running direction of the wavy waveguide is an output end of the wide spectrum shaping device.
2. The broad spectrum shaping device for computational spectroscopy of claim 1 wherein the undulating waveguide is in the same plane as the two straight waveguides.
3. A broad spectrum shaping device for computational spectrum measurement as defined in claim 1 wherein the angle between the two straight waveguides is 0 degrees.
4. A broad spectrum shaping device for computational spectral measurements according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the broad spectrum shaping device is an optical integrated device.
5. A calculation type spectrometer comprises a plurality of wide spectrum shaping devices with different transfer functions, a spectrum sampling device and a spectrum sampling device, wherein the wide spectrum shaping devices are used for respectively carrying out spectrum global sampling on optical signals to be measured; the wide spectrum shaping device is characterized in that the wide spectrum shaping device is the wide spectrum shaping device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
6. The computed spectrometer of claim 5, wherein the shaping parameters of the plurality of spectrally shaped devices with different transfer functions are optimized by a multi-objective optimization method with minimal correlation between the spectrally shaped devices and with a maximum randomness in the wavelength domain of the transfer function of a single spectrally shaped device.
7. The computed spectrometer of claim 6, wherein the correlation is measured in terms of a cross-correlation coefficient.
8. The computed spectrometer of claim 6, wherein the randomness of the transfer function in the wavelength domain is measured in terms of the number of poles and/or autocorrelation coefficients.
9. The computed spectrometer of claim 6, wherein the shaping parameters comprise at least one of: the number of coupling areas, the spatial distribution parameters of the coupling areas and the coupling coefficients of the coupling areas.
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| EP0220315A1 (en) * | 1985-05-03 | 1987-05-06 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Devices having low loss optical waveguides. |
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| JP2018063333A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-19 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Mode multiplexing/demultiplexing optical circuit |
| CN114441037A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-05-06 | 南京航空航天大学 | Broadband spectrum shaping device and calculation type spectrum measuring device |
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| JP4012367B2 (en) * | 1997-08-04 | 2007-11-21 | インターナショナル・ビジネス・マシーンズ・コーポレーション | Single-mode optical waveguide coupling element |
| US7324604B2 (en) * | 2003-03-03 | 2008-01-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. | System and method for shaping ultra wide bandwidth signal spectrum |
| CN114563086B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-01 | 南京航空航天大学 | Optical switch array-based spectral measurement method and device |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0220315A1 (en) * | 1985-05-03 | 1987-05-06 | American Telephone & Telegraph | Devices having low loss optical waveguides. |
| JP2018063333A (en) * | 2016-10-12 | 2018-04-19 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Mode multiplexing/demultiplexing optical circuit |
| CN107389611A (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2017-11-24 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of inexpensive biochemical sensor based on narrow linewidth microcavity and wide frequency light source |
| CN114441037A (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2022-05-06 | 南京航空航天大学 | Broadband spectrum shaping device and calculation type spectrum measuring device |
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