CN114577077B - Tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring - Google Patents
Tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring Download PDFInfo
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- CN114577077B CN114577077B CN202111304431.3A CN202111304431A CN114577077B CN 114577077 B CN114577077 B CN 114577077B CN 202111304431 A CN202111304431 A CN 202111304431A CN 114577077 B CN114577077 B CN 114577077B
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/003—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by analysing drilling variables or conditions
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring. S100, installing a dynamic pressure gauge on a drill rod clamp of a drilling machine, installing a stress sensor on the bottom surface of a drill bit of the drilling machine, and installing a displacement gauge at the tail end of a drill rod of the drilling machine; s200-drilling by a drilling machine, obtaining a displacement dynamic curve, a stress dynamic curve and a pressure dynamic curve through a displacement meter, a stress sensor and a dynamic pressure meter, and obtaining a drill bit stress-displacement curve and a drill rod pressure-displacement curve through a time corresponding relation, so as to provide basic data for calculating the rock breaking specific energy; s300, calculating the specific energy required by rock breaking of different depths of a drilling hole based on the curve of the stress of the drill bit along with displacement and the pressure of the drill rod along with displacement, and simultaneously calculating to obtain a rock breaking specific energy-displacement diagram; s400-calculating the energy required by single-hole blasting rock breaking; s500-calculating the amount of explosive required by a single hole; s600-calculating the number of coils of the required explosive; s700-loading the powder at intervals according to specific energy distribution required by rock breaking.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring.
Background
In recent years, the foundation engineering of China is large-scale on horse, and the tunnel engineering is a very important part in the foundation engineering, the excavation mode in the tunnel engineering construction is generally divided into artificial excavation, mechanical excavation and blasting excavation, and the blasting excavation has the remarkable characteristic of low construction cost, so that the method is generally adopted in mountain tunnels. The blasting excavation blasting mode depends on the physical and mechanical characteristics of rock mass, and the blasting design is generally based on engineering rock mass grading, but the design method is too coarse, can not accurately reflect the non-uniformity and the variability of the rock mass of the tunnel face, causes the phenomena of over-excavation and under-excavation of the blasting, wastes explosive, causes poor stability of the tunnel, or requires additional construction such as subsequent repair, filling and grouting. The current popular design method is to control blasting, the design of which is based on the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass, scientifically and reasonably designs the arrangement and charging mode of blastholes, and sometimes assisted by devices such as directional blasting tubes, but the dependent basis is the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass to be blasted. At present, the accurate and timely mastering of the blasting energy required by the rock mass to be blasted is a difficult problem to be solved urgently.
Therefore, considering the accuracy of blasting and the timeliness of design adjustment, the invention provides a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring, so as to solve the defects in the tunnel blasting technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring comprises the following steps.
S100, installing a dynamic pressure gauge on a drill rod clamp of the drilling machine, wherein the sensing surface of the dynamic pressure gauge faces the front of a drill rod, and the dynamic pressure gauge is connected with a pressure data display instrument; a stress sensor is arranged on the bottom surface of a drill bit of the drilling machine and is connected with a stress data display instrument; and a displacement meter is arranged at the tail end of the drill rod of the drilling machine and is connected with a displacement data display instrument.
S200-drilling by a drilling machine, obtaining a displacement dynamic curve, a stress dynamic curve and a pressure dynamic curve through a displacement meter, a stress sensor and a dynamic pressure meter, and obtaining a drill bit stress-displacement curve and a drill rod pressure-displacement curve through a time corresponding relation, thereby providing basic data for calculating rock breaking ratio of different depths of drilling.
S300-using formulaThe specific energy required by rock breaking of different depths of a drilled hole is calculated based on a curve of the stress along with displacement of a drill bit and the pressure along with displacement of a drill rod, E is the specific energy required by rock mass drilling and breaking of each point, sigma is a stress value displayed by a stress sensor at each point, P is a pressure value displayed by a pressure sensor at each point, D is the diameter of the drilled hole, K is 4.2sigma, the depth of the drilled hole is equal to the displacement value of a displacement sensor, and meanwhile a rock breaking specific energy-displacement diagram is calculated and obtained.
S400-using formulaAnd calculating the energy required by single-hole blasting rock breaking, wherein W is the energy required by face blasting, L is the depth of a blasthole, and A is the single-hole controlled blasting area.
S500-using formulaAnd calculating the explosive quantity required by a single hole, wherein Q is the mass of the explosive, and M is the explosion energy of the unit mass of the explosive.
S600-using formulaAnd calculating the number of coils of the required explosive, wherein N is the number of coils of the required explosive, and q is the mass of the single-coil explosive.
S700-loading the powder at intervals according to the specific energy distribution of rock breaking.
Compared with the prior art, the dynamic pressure gauge is arranged on the drill rod clamp of the drilling machine, the sensing surface of the pressure gauge faces the front of the drill rod, and the pressure gauge is connected with the data line and the pressure data display instrument; a stress sensor is arranged on the bottom surface of the drill bit, and a stress sensor data line is led out from the inside of the drill rod and is connected with a stress data display instrument; the displacement meter is arranged at the tail end of the drill rod and is connected with the displacement data display instrument through a data line; acquiring a displacement dynamic curve, a stress dynamic curve and a pressure dynamic curve in the drilling process of the drilling machine; and calculating specific energy required by rock breaking at different positions by using a formula. The invention has the advantages of simple installation of the test equipment, clear calculation principle and simple calculation method, can accurately predict the specific energy required by rock breaking of the rock mass to be drilled in real time, designs the blasting mode and the charging according to the energy required by the rock mass to be blasted, and greatly improves the blasting efficiency and the blasting quality.
Thus, the following beneficial effects can be brought: 1. the sensors are easy and convenient to install, can be suitable for most drilling rigs, and have strong popularization; 2. the invention has simple principle and easy operation; 3. the invention can monitor in real time and obtain the rock breaking specific energy at different positions in time; 4. the invention can quickly and conveniently calculate and obtain the energy required by blasting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the installation of each monitoring instrument in the method;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the example monitored stress versus time;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the monitoring displacement versus time example;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the monitored pressure versus time example;
FIG. 5 is a graph of the conversion stress-displacement example;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the transition pressure versus displacement example;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the rock breaking must-displacement example;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the rock breaking mass-displacement example;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of an example specific energy charge according to a rock breaking;
In the figure, 1 is a drilling machine base, 2 is a drilling rod clamp, 3 is a drilling rod, 4 is a drill bit, 5 is a stress sensor, 6 is a pressure sensor, 7 is a displacement sensor, 8 is a data transmission line, 9 is a stress data display instrument, 10 is a displacement data display instrument, and 11 is a pressure data display instrument.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
A tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring comprises the following steps:
S100-referring to FIG. 1, a dynamic pressure gauge 6 is arranged on a drill rod clamp 2 of a drilling machine, the sensing surface of the dynamic pressure gauge 6 faces the front of a drill rod, and the dynamic pressure gauge 6 is connected with a pressure data display instrument; a stress sensor 5 is arranged on the bottom surface of a drill bit 4 of the drilling machine, and the stress sensor 5 is connected with a stress data display instrument 9; the displacement meter 7 is arranged at the tail end of the drill rod 3 of the drilling machine, and the displacement meter 7 is connected with the displacement data display 10.
S200-drilling by a drilling machine, obtaining a displacement dynamic curve (figure 3), a stress dynamic curve (figure 2) and a pressure dynamic curve (figure 4) through a displacement meter 7, a stress sensor 5 and a dynamic pressure meter 6, and obtaining a drill bit stress displacement curve (figure 5) and a drill rod pressure displacement curve (figure 6) through a time corresponding relation.
S300-using formulaThe specific energy required for rock breaking of different depths of a drilling hole is calculated based on the curves of the stress of the drilling bit along with displacement and the pressure of the drilling rod along with displacement, E is the specific energy required for rock breaking of each point, sigma is the stress value displayed by the stress sensor at each point, P is the pressure value displayed by the pressure sensor at each point, D is the diameter of the drilling hole, the diameter of the drilling hole is 45mm, K is 4.2sigma, and meanwhile, the specific energy-displacement diagram (figure 7) of rock breaking is calculated and obtained.
S400-using formulaAnd calculating the energy required by single-hole blasting rock breaking, wherein W is the energy required by face blasting, L is the depth of a blasthole, and A is the single-hole controlled blasting area. In this experiment, the depth of the blast holes is 2200mm, the distance is 800mm, namely A=0.64 m 2, and W=2.32 MJ is calculated.
S500-using formulaCalculating the explosive quantity required by a single hole, wherein Q is the mass of the explosive, and M is the explosion energy of the unit mass of the explosive; the mining emulsion explosive M is taken to be 3MJ/kg, and Q=0.77 kg is calculated.
S600-using formulaCalculating the number of coils of the required explosive, wherein N is the number of coils of the required explosive, and q is the mass of the single-coil explosive; the specification 35×200mm cartridge was 200 g/cartridge, i.e. q was 200g, calculated as n=3.87 cartridge and N was 4 cartridge.
S700-loading the powder at intervals according to the specific energy distribution of rock breaking.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring is characterized by comprising the following steps of: comprises the steps of,
S100-mounting a dynamic pressure gauge (6) on a drill rod clamp (2) of a drilling machine, wherein the sensing surface of the dynamic pressure gauge (6) faces towards the front of a drill rod, and the dynamic pressure gauge (6) is connected with a pressure data display instrument; a stress sensor (5) is arranged on the bottom surface of a drill bit (4) of the drilling machine, and the stress sensor (5) is connected with a stress data display instrument (9); a displacement meter (7) is arranged at the tail end of a drill rod (3) of the drilling machine, and the displacement meter (7) is connected with a displacement data display instrument (10);
S200-drilling by a drilling machine, obtaining a displacement dynamic curve, a stress dynamic curve and a pressure dynamic curve through a displacement meter (7), a stress sensor (5) and a dynamic pressure meter (6), and obtaining a drill bit stress-displacement curve and a drill rod pressure-displacement curve through a time corresponding relation, so as to provide basic data for calculating the rock breaking specific energy;
S300, calculating the specific energy required by rock breaking of different depths of a drilling hole based on the curve of the stress of the drill bit along with displacement and the pressure of the drill rod along with displacement, and simultaneously calculating to obtain a rock breaking specific energy-displacement diagram;
In step S300, a formula is used Calculating the specific energy required by rock breaking, wherein E is the specific energy required by rock mass drilling and breaking at each point, sigma is the stress value displayed by the stress sensor at each point, P is the pressure value displayed by the pressure sensor at each point, D is the diameter of a drilling hole, K is 4.2sigma, and the depth of the drilling hole is equal to the displacement value of the displacement sensor;
S400-calculating the energy required by single-hole blasting rock breaking;
s500-calculating the amount of explosive required by a single hole;
S600-calculating the number of coils of the required explosive;
S700-loading the powder at intervals according to specific energy distribution required by rock breaking.
2. The tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring of claim 1, wherein: in the step S400, a formula is usedAnd calculating, wherein W is the energy required by face blasting, L is the depth of a blasthole, and A is the monocular control blasting area.
3. The tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring of claim 2, wherein: in the step S500, a formula is usedAnd calculating, wherein Q is the mass of the explosive, and M is the explosion energy of the explosive with unit mass.
4. A tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on borehole energy dissipation monitoring as claimed in claim 3, wherein: in the step S600, a formula is usedAnd calculating N, wherein N is the number of rolls of the required explosive, and q is the mass of the single-roll explosive.
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-
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- 2021-11-05 CN CN202111304431.3A patent/CN114577077B/en active Active
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