CN114577077B - Optimization method of tunnel excavation blasting based on borehole energy dissipation monitoring - Google Patents
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 230000021715 photosynthesis, light harvesting Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B44/00—Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/003—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by analysing drilling variables or conditions
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
- F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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Abstract
Description
技术领域Technical Field
本发明属于隧道工程施工领域，具体是一种基于钻孔能量耗散监测的隧道开挖爆破优化方法。The invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering construction, and in particular is a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on borehole energy dissipation monitoring.
背景技术Background technique
近年来我国基建工程大规模上马，而隧道工程是基建工程中非常重要的一部分，隧道工程施工中开挖方式通常分为人工开挖、机械开挖和爆破开挖，爆破开挖具有施工成本低的显著特点，因而其在山岭隧道中通常采用。爆破开挖爆破方式依赖于岩体的物理力学特性，通常爆破设计基于工程岩体分级，但这种设计方法过于粗糙，不能准确反映隧道掌子面岩体的不均匀性和多变性，造成爆破超挖和欠挖现象，既浪费炸药，又造成隧道稳定性差，或需后续补挖、充填注浆等额外施工。目前流行的设计方法是控制爆破，其设计依据岩体的物理力学特性，科学合理设计炮眼布置及装药方式，有时还辅以定向爆破管等装置，但其所依赖的基础为待爆岩体的物理力学特性。目前，精准及时掌握待爆岩体所需爆破能量是亟待解决的难题。In recent years, my country's infrastructure projects have been launched on a large scale, and tunnel projects are a very important part of infrastructure projects. The excavation methods in tunnel construction are usually divided into manual excavation, mechanical excavation and blasting excavation. Blasting excavation has the significant feature of low construction cost, so it is usually used in mountain tunnels. Blasting excavation The blasting method depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass. Usually, the blasting design is based on the engineering rock mass classification, but this design method is too rough and cannot accurately reflect the unevenness and variability of the rock mass at the tunnel face, resulting in over-excavation and under-excavation of blasting, which not only wastes explosives, but also causes poor stability of the tunnel, or requires subsequent additional construction such as supplementary excavation, filling and grouting. The current popular design method is controlled blasting. Its design is based on the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass, and the blasthole layout and charging method are scientifically and reasonably designed. Sometimes it is supplemented by devices such as directional blasting tubes, but the basis it relies on is the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass to be blasted. At present, it is a difficult problem to accurately and timely grasp the blasting energy required for the rock mass to be blasted.
因此，考虑到爆破的精准性和设计调整的及时性，本发明提供了一种基于钻孔能量耗散监测的隧道开挖爆破优化方法，以解决隧道爆破技术中的上述不足之处。Therefore, considering the accuracy of blasting and the timeliness of design adjustment, the present invention provides a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on borehole energy dissipation monitoring to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings in tunnel blasting technology.
发明内容Summary of the invention
本发明为了解决上述问题，提供一种基于钻孔能量耗散监测的隧道开挖爆破优化方法。In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring.
本发明采取以下技术方案：一种基于钻孔能量耗散监测的隧道开挖爆破优化方法，包括以下步骤。The present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring, comprising the following steps.
S100～在钻机的钻杆夹具上安装动态压力计，动态压力计的感应面朝钻杆前方，动态压力计连接压力数据显示仪；在钻机的钻头底面安装应力传感器，应力传感器连接应力数据显示仪；钻机的钻杆末端安装位移计，位移计与位移数据显示仪相连。S100~A dynamic pressure gauge is installed on the drill pipe clamp of the drilling rig, with the sensing surface of the dynamic pressure gauge facing the front of the drill pipe, and the dynamic pressure gauge is connected to the pressure data display instrument; a stress sensor is installed on the bottom surface of the drill bit of the drilling rig, and the stress sensor is connected to the stress data display instrument; a displacement meter is installed at the end of the drill pipe of the drilling rig, and the displacement meter is connected to the displacement data display instrument.
S200～钻机钻进，通过位移计、应力传感器和动态压力计获取位移动态曲线、应力动态曲线和压力动态曲线，然后通过时间对应关系获得钻头应力随位移曲线以及钻杆压力随位移曲线，为钻孔不同深度破岩比能计算提供基础数据。S200~Drilling rig drills, and obtains displacement dynamic curve, stress dynamic curve and pressure dynamic curve through displacement meter, stress sensor and dynamic pressure meter. Then, drill bit stress versus displacement curve and drill pipe pressure versus displacement curve are obtained through time correspondence, providing basic data for calculating rock breaking specific energy at different drilling depths.
S300～利用公式，基于钻头应力随位移和钻杆压力随位移曲线计算钻孔不同深度破岩所需比能，E为各点岩体钻破所需的比能，σ为各点处应力传感器所显示的应力值，P为各点处压力传感器所显示的压力值，D为钻孔的直径，K为4.2σ，钻孔的深度等于位移传感器的位移值，同时计算获得破岩比能-位移图。S300～Using the formula , based on the drill bit stress versus displacement curve and the drill pipe pressure versus displacement curve, the specific energy required to break the rock at different depths of the borehole is calculated. E is the specific energy required to break the rock at each point, σ is the stress value displayed by the stress sensor at each point, P is the pressure value displayed by the pressure sensor at each point, D is the diameter of the borehole, K is 4.2σ, the depth of the borehole is equal to the displacement value of the displacement sensor, and the rock breaking specific energy-displacement diagram is calculated at the same time.
S400～利用公式计算单孔爆破破岩所需能量，其中W为掌子面爆破所需的能量，L为炮眼深度，A为单眼控制爆破面积。S400～Using the formula Calculate the energy required for rock breaking by single-hole blasting, where W is the energy required for face blasting, L is the blasthole depth, and A is the single-hole controlled blasting area.
S500～利用公式计算单孔所需炸药量，其中Q为炸药质量，M为单位质量炸药爆炸的能量。S500～Using the formula Calculate the amount of explosives required for a single hole, where Q is the mass of the explosive and M is the energy per unit mass of the explosive.
S600～利用公式计算所需炸药的卷数，N为所需炸药的卷数，q为单卷炸药的质量。S600～Using the formula Calculate the number of rolls of explosives required, where N is the number of rolls of explosives required and q is the mass of a single roll of explosives.
S700～依据破岩比能分布间隔装药。S700~Charge at intervals based on rock breaking energy distribution.
与现有技术相比，本发明在钻机钻杆夹具上安装动态压力计,压力计感应面朝钻杆前方，压力计与数据线并连接压力数据显示仪；在钻头底面安装应力传感器，应力传感器数据线从钻杆内部引出，并连接应力数据显示仪；钻杆末端安装位移计，位移计通过数据线与位移数据显示仪相连；钻机钻进过程中获取位移动态曲线，应力动态曲线和压力动态曲线；利用公式计算不同位置破岩所需比能。本发明测试设备安装简单，计算原理清晰，计算方法简便，可以实时准确预测所钻岩体破岩所需的比能，并根据爆破岩体所需的能量设计爆破方式及装药，大大提高爆破效率和爆破质量。Compared with the prior art, the present invention installs a dynamic pressure gauge on the drill pipe clamp of the drilling rig, the pressure gauge sensing surface faces the front of the drill pipe, and the pressure gauge is connected to the pressure data display with a data line; a stress sensor is installed on the bottom surface of the drill bit, and the stress sensor data line is led out from the inside of the drill pipe and connected to the stress data display; a displacement meter is installed at the end of the drill pipe, and the displacement meter is connected to the displacement data display through a data line; the displacement dynamic curve, stress dynamic curve and pressure dynamic curve are obtained during the drilling process of the drilling rig; and the formula is used to calculate the specific energy required for rock breaking at different positions. The test equipment of the present invention is simple to install, the calculation principle is clear, and the calculation method is simple. It can accurately predict the specific energy required for rock breaking of the drilled rock mass in real time, and design the blasting method and charge according to the energy required for blasting the rock mass, greatly improving the blasting efficiency and blasting quality.
因此可以带来以下有益效果：1.各传感器安装简便，可适用于大部分打眼钻机，推广性强；2.本发明原理简单，易于操作；3.本发明可以实时监测，及时获得不同位置破岩比能；4.本发明可以快速方便计算获得爆破所需的能量。Therefore, the following beneficial effects can be brought about: 1. Each sensor is easy to install and can be applied to most drilling rigs, with strong promotional potential; 2. The principle of the present invention is simple and easy to operate; 3. The present invention can monitor in real time and obtain the rock breaking specific energy at different positions in time; 4. The present invention can quickly and conveniently calculate the energy required for blasting.
附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
图1是所述方法各监测仪器安装立体示意图；FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the installation of various monitoring instruments in the method;
图2是所述监测应力-时间实例图；FIG2 is a diagram showing an example of monitoring stress-time;
图3是所述监测位移-时间实例图；FIG3 is a diagram showing an example of monitoring displacement-time;
图4是所述监测压力-时间实例图；FIG4 is a diagram showing an example of monitoring pressure-time;
图5是所述转换应力-位移实例图；FIG5 is a diagram showing an example of the conversion stress-displacement;
图6是所述转换压力-位移实例图；FIG6 is a diagram showing an example of the conversion pressure-displacement;
图7是所述破岩必能-位移实例图；FIG7 is a diagram showing an example of rock breaking energy-displacement;
图8是所述破岩质量-位移实例图；FIG8 is a diagram showing an example of rock breaking mass-displacement;
图9是依据破岩比能装药实例图；FIG9 is a diagram showing an example of charging based on rock breaking specific energy;
图中，1为钻机底座，2为钻杆夹具，3为钻杆，4为钻头，5为应力传感器，6为压力传感器，7为位移传感器，8为数据传输线，9为应力数据显示仪，10为位移数据显示仪，11为压力数据显示仪。In the figure, 1 is the drilling rig base, 2 is the drill rod clamp, 3 is the drill rod, 4 is the drill bit, 5 is the stress sensor, 6 is the pressure sensor, 7 is the displacement sensor, 8 is the data transmission line, 9 is the stress data display instrument, 10 is the displacement data display instrument, and 11 is the pressure data display instrument.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例；基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments; based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
一种基于钻孔能量耗散监测的隧道开挖爆破优化方法，包括以下步骤：A tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on borehole energy dissipation monitoring comprises the following steps:
S100～参见图1，在钻机的钻杆夹具2上安装动态压力计6，动态压力计6的感应面朝钻杆前方，动态压力计6连接压力数据显示仪；在钻机的钻头4底面安装应力传感器5，应力传感器5连接应力数据显示仪9；钻机的钻杆3末端安装位移计7，位移计7与位移数据显示仪10相连。S100～Refer to Figure 1, a dynamic pressure gauge 6 is installed on the drill pipe clamp 2 of the drilling rig, the sensing surface of the dynamic pressure gauge 6 faces the front of the drill pipe, and the dynamic pressure gauge 6 is connected to the pressure data display instrument; a stress sensor 5 is installed on the bottom surface of the drill bit 4 of the drilling rig, and the stress sensor 5 is connected to the stress data display instrument 9; a displacement meter 7 is installed at the end of the drill pipe 3 of the drilling rig, and the displacement meter 7 is connected to the displacement data display instrument 10.
S200～钻机钻进，通过位移计7、应力传感器5和动态压力计6获取位移动态曲线（图3）、应力动态曲线（图2）和压力动态曲线（图4），然后通过时间对应关系获得钻头应力随位移曲线（图5）以及钻杆压力随位移曲线（图6）。S200~The drilling rig starts drilling, and the displacement dynamic curve (Figure 3), stress dynamic curve (Figure 2) and pressure dynamic curve (Figure 4) are obtained through the displacement meter 7, stress sensor 5 and dynamic pressure meter 6, and then the drill bit stress versus displacement curve (Figure 5) and the drill pipe pressure versus displacement curve (Figure 6) are obtained through the time correspondence.
S300～利用公式，基于钻头应力随位移和钻杆压力随位移曲线计算钻孔不同深度破岩所需比能，E为各点岩体钻破所需的比能，σ为各点处应力传感器所显示的应力值，P为各点处压力传感器所显示的压力值，D为钻孔的直径，钻孔直径为45mm，K为4.2σ，同时计算获得破岩比能-位移图（图7）。S300～Using the formula Based on the drill bit stress-displacement curve and the drill pipe pressure-displacement curve, the specific energy required to break the rock at different depths of the borehole is calculated. E is the specific energy required to break the rock at each point, σ is the stress value displayed by the stress sensor at each point, P is the pressure value displayed by the pressure sensor at each point, D is the diameter of the borehole, the borehole diameter is 45 mm, K is 4.2σ, and the rock breaking specific energy-displacement diagram is calculated at the same time (Figure 7).
S400～利用公式计算单孔爆破破岩所需能量，其中W为掌子面爆破所需的能量，L为炮眼深度，A为单眼控制爆破面积。本实验中炮孔深度2200mm，间距800mm，即A=0.64m2，计算得W=2.32MJ。S400～Using the formula Calculate the energy required for single hole blasting to break rock, where W is the energy required for face blasting, L is the blasthole depth, and A is the single hole controlled blasting area. In this experiment, the blasthole depth is 2200mm and the spacing is 800mm, that is, A=0.64m 2 , and W=2.32MJ is calculated.
S500～利用公式计算单孔所需炸药量，其中Q为炸药质量，M为单位质量炸药爆炸的能量；取矿用乳化炸药M为3MJ/kg，计算得Q=0.77kg。S500～Using the formula Calculate the amount of explosives required for a single hole, where Q is the mass of the explosive and M is the energy per unit mass of the explosive; taking the M of the mining emulsion explosive as 3MJ/kg, we calculate Q=0.77kg.
S600～利用公式计算所需炸药的卷数，N为所需炸药的卷数，q为单卷炸药的质量；规格35×200mm药卷为200g/卷，即q为200g，计算得N=3.87卷，取N为4卷。S600～Using the formula Calculate the number of rolls of explosives required, where N is the number of rolls of explosives required and q is the mass of a single roll of explosives; the specification of 35×200mm explosive roll is 200g/roll, that is, q is 200g, and N is calculated to be 3.87 rolls, so N is taken as 4 rolls.
S700～依据破岩比能分布间隔装药。S700~Charge at intervals based on rock breaking energy distribution.
最后应说明的是：以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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