CN114577077A - Tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring - Google Patents

Tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring Download PDF

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CN114577077A
CN114577077A CN202111304431.3A CN202111304431A CN114577077A CN 114577077 A CN114577077 A CN 114577077A CN 202111304431 A CN202111304431 A CN 202111304431A CN 114577077 A CN114577077 A CN 114577077A
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displacement
calculating
stress
rock breaking
drilling
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CN202111304431.3A
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CN114577077B (en
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陈培利
刘万林
成俊文
贾宗瑜
刘研
叶志宾
杨双锁
秦云
孙康华
张书豪
牛少卿
孙龙华
池磊
傅重阳
王子君
刘鹏君
武云龙
苏鑫
张泽锋
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Taiyuan University of Technology
China Railway No 3 Engineering Group Co Ltd
China Railway Development Investment Group Co Ltd
Fifth Engineering Co Ltd of China Railway No 3 Engineering Group Co Ltd
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Taiyuan University of Technology
China Railway No 3 Engineering Group Co Ltd
China Railway Development Investment Group Co Ltd
Fifth Engineering Co Ltd of China Railway No 3 Engineering Group Co Ltd
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D1/00Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B44/00Automatic control systems specially adapted for drilling operations, i.e. self-operating systems which function to carry out or modify a drilling operation without intervention of a human operator, e.g. computer-controlled drilling systems; Systems specially adapted for monitoring a plurality of drilling variables or conditions
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/003Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by analysing drilling variables or conditions
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/006Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D1/00Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/10Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42DBLASTING
    • F42D3/00Particular applications of blasting techniques
    • F42D3/04Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring. S100, installing a dynamic pressure gauge on a drill rod clamp of a drilling machine, installing a stress sensor on the bottom surface of a drill bit of the drilling machine, and installing a displacement meter at the tail end of a drill rod of the drilling machine; s200, drilling by a drilling machine, acquiring a displacement dynamic curve, a stress dynamic curve and a pressure dynamic curve through a displacement meter, a stress sensor and a dynamic pressure gauge, then acquiring a drill bit stress displacement-following curve and a drill rod pressure displacement-following curve through a time corresponding relation, and providing basic data for calculating the rock breaking specific energy; s300, calculating specific energy required for rock breaking at different depths of the drill hole based on the drill stress displacement-following curves and the drill rod pressure displacement-following curves, and meanwhile calculating to obtain a rock breaking specific energy-displacement diagram; s400, calculating the energy required by single-hole blasting rock breaking; s500, calculating the explosive quantity required by a single hole; s600, calculating the number of the required explosive rolls; s700-distributing spaced charging according to the specific energy required by rock breaking.

Description

Tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering construction, and particularly relates to a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring.
Background
In recent years, capital construction projects of China are on the horse on a large scale, tunnel projects are an important part of the capital construction projects, excavation modes in tunnel project construction are generally divided into manual excavation, mechanical excavation and blasting excavation, and the blasting excavation has the remarkable characteristic of low construction cost, so that the blasting excavation is generally adopted in mountain tunnels. The blasting excavation blasting mode depends on the physical and mechanical properties of rock masses, the blasting design is usually based on engineering rock mass grading, but the design method is too coarse, the unevenness and the variability of rock masses on tunnel face cannot be accurately reflected, the phenomena of blasting overexcavation and underexcavation are caused, explosive is wasted, the stability of the tunnel is poor, or additional construction such as follow-up additional excavation, filling and grouting is required. The current popular design method is controlled blasting, the design of the method is based on the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass, the arrangement and charging mode of blastholes are scientifically and reasonably designed, devices such as directional blasting tubes and the like are sometimes used as auxiliary devices, and the basis on which the method depends is the physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass to be blasted. At present, the problem to be solved urgently is to accurately and timely master the blasting energy required by a rock mass to be blasted.
Therefore, in consideration of the blasting accuracy and the design adjustment timeliness, the invention provides a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring so as to overcome the defects in the tunnel blasting technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems and provides a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme: a tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling hole energy dissipation monitoring comprises the following steps.
S100, installing a dynamic pressure gauge on a drill rod clamp of the drilling machine, wherein the sensing surface of the dynamic pressure gauge faces the front of a drill rod, and the dynamic pressure gauge is connected with a pressure data display instrument; a stress sensor is arranged on the bottom surface of a drill bit of the drilling machine and connected with a stress data display instrument; the tail end of a drill rod of the drilling machine is provided with a displacement meter, and the displacement meter is connected with a displacement data display instrument.
S200, drilling by a drilling machine, acquiring a displacement dynamic curve, a stress dynamic curve and a pressure dynamic curve through a displacement meter, a stress sensor and a dynamic pressure gauge, and then acquiring a drill bit stress displacement-following curve and a drill rod pressure displacement-following curve through a time corresponding relation, so as to provide basic data for calculating the rock breaking ratio at different depths of the drilled hole.
S300-utilization formula
Figure RE-123210DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The specific energy required for rock breaking at different depths of the drill hole is calculated based on the drill bit stress along with displacement and the drill rod pressure along with the displacement curve, E is the specific energy required for rock drilling at each point, sigma is the stress value displayed by the stress sensor at each point, P is the pressure value displayed by the pressure sensor at each point, D is the diameter of the drill hole, K is 4.2 sigma, the depth of the drill hole is equal to the displacement value of the displacement sensor, and meanwhile, a rock breaking specific energy-displacement graph is obtained through calculation.
S400-advantageBy the formula
Figure RE-56530DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
And calculating the energy required by rock breaking of the single-hole blasting, wherein W is the energy required by the face blasting, L is the depth of the blast hole, and A is the blasting area controlled by the single hole.
S500-utilization formula
Figure RE-194251DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
And calculating the explosive quantity required by the single hole, wherein Q is the mass of the explosive, and M is the explosive energy of the unit mass of the explosive.
S600-utilization formula
Figure RE-922035DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
And calculating the number of rolls of required explosives, wherein N is the number of rolls of required explosives, and q is the mass of a single roll of explosives.
S700-spaced charging is distributed according to the rock breaking specific energy.
Compared with the prior art, the dynamic pressure gauge is arranged on the drill rod clamp of the drilling machine, the sensing surface of the pressure gauge faces to the front of a drill rod, and the pressure gauge is connected with a data line and a pressure data display instrument; a stress sensor is arranged on the bottom surface of the drill bit, and a stress sensor data wire is led out from the interior of the drill rod and is connected with a stress data display instrument; a displacement meter is arranged at the tail end of the drill rod and is connected with a displacement data display instrument through a data line; acquiring a displacement dynamic curve, a stress dynamic curve and a pressure dynamic curve in the drilling process of a drilling machine; and calculating the specific energy required for rock breaking at different positions by using a formula. The test equipment is simple to install, clear in calculation principle and simple and convenient in calculation method, can accurately predict the specific energy required by rock breaking of the rock mass in real time, and designs the blasting mode and charging according to the energy required by blasting the rock mass, thereby greatly improving the blasting efficiency and the blasting quality.
The following advantageous effects can thus be brought about: 1. each sensor is simple and convenient to install, can be suitable for most of drilling machines and is strong in popularization; 2. the invention has simple principle and easy operation; 3. the invention can monitor in real time and obtain the rock breaking specific energy at different positions in time; 4. the invention can quickly and conveniently calculate and obtain the energy required by blasting.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a perspective view illustrating the installation of monitoring devices in the method;
FIG. 2 is a graph of an example of the monitored stress versus time;
FIG. 3 is a graph of an example of the monitoring displacement versus time;
FIG. 4 is a graph of an example of the monitored pressure versus time;
FIG. 5 is a graph of an example of the transformation stress-displacement;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an example of the transition pressure-displacement;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an example of the lithotripsy-displacement;
FIG. 8 is a graph of example of mass-displacement of the rock breaking;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing examples of specific energy charges according to rock breaking;
in the figure, 1 is a drilling machine base, 2 is a drill rod clamp, 3 is a drill rod, 4 is a drill bit, 5 is a stress sensor, 6 is a pressure sensor, 7 is a displacement sensor, 8 is a data transmission line, 9 is a stress data display instrument, 10 is a displacement data display instrument, and 11 is a pressure data display instrument.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling hole energy dissipation monitoring comprises the following steps:
s100, referring to fig. 1, installing a dynamic pressure gauge 6 on a drill rod clamp 2 of a drilling machine, wherein the sensing surface of the dynamic pressure gauge 6 faces the front of a drill rod, and the dynamic pressure gauge 6 is connected with a pressure data display instrument; a stress sensor 5 is arranged on the bottom surface of a drill bit 4 of the drilling machine, and the stress sensor 5 is connected with a stress data display instrument 9; the displacement meter 7 is arranged at the tail end of the drill rod 3 of the drilling machine, and the displacement meter 7 is connected with a displacement data display instrument 10.
S200, drilling by a drilling machine, acquiring a displacement dynamic curve (figure 3), a stress dynamic curve (figure 2) and a pressure dynamic curve (figure 4) through a displacement meter 7, a stress sensor 5 and a dynamic pressure gauge 6, and then acquiring a drill bit stress displacement-following curve (figure 5) and a drill rod pressure displacement-following curve (figure 6) through a time correspondence relationship.
S300-utilization formula
Figure RE-145206DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
The specific energy required for rock breaking at different depths of the drilled hole is calculated based on the drill bit stress along with displacement and the drill rod pressure along with displacement curves, E is the specific energy required for rock drilling of each point, sigma is the stress value displayed by the stress sensor at each point, P is the pressure value displayed by the pressure sensor at each point, D is the diameter of the drilled hole, the diameter of the drilled hole is 45mm, and K is 4.2 sigma, and meanwhile, a rock breaking specific energy-displacement graph (figure 7) is obtained through calculation.
S400-utilization formula
Figure RE-616639DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
And calculating the energy required by single-hole blasting rock breaking, wherein W is the energy required by the tunnel face blasting, L is the blast hole depth, and A is the single-hole control blasting area. In the experiment, the depth of the blast holes is 2200mm, the distance is 800mm, namely A =0.64m2W =2.32MJ was calculated.
S500-utilization formula
Figure RE-608866DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Calculating the explosive quantity required by a single hole, wherein Q is the mass of the explosive, and M is the explosion energy of the explosive with unit mass; taking the mining emulsion explosive M as 3MJ/kg, and calculating to obtain Q =0.77 kg.
S600-utilization formula
Figure RE-6087DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Calculating the number of rolls of required explosives, wherein N is the number of rolls of the required explosives, and q is the mass of a single roll of explosives; the standard 35 × 200mm drug roll is 200 g/roll, i.e. q is 200g, calculated as N =3.87, and N is taken as 4 rolls.
S700-spaced charging is distributed according to the rock breaking specific energy.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
s100, installing a dynamic pressure gauge (6) on a drill rod clamp (2) of the drilling machine, wherein the sensing surface of the dynamic pressure gauge (6) faces the front of a drill rod, and the dynamic pressure gauge (6) is connected with a pressure data display instrument; a stress sensor (5) is arranged on the bottom surface of a drill bit (4) of the drilling machine, and the stress sensor (5) is connected with a stress data display instrument (9); a displacement meter (7) is arranged at the tail end of a drill rod (3) of the drilling machine, and the displacement meter (7) is connected with a displacement data display instrument (10);
s200, drilling by a drilling machine, acquiring a displacement dynamic curve, a stress dynamic curve and a pressure dynamic curve through a displacement meter (7), a stress sensor (5) and a dynamic pressure gauge (6), and then acquiring a drill bit stress-displacement curve and a drill rod pressure-displacement curve through a time correspondence relationship to provide basic data for calculating the rock breaking specific energy;
s300, calculating specific energy required for rock breaking at different depths of the drill hole based on the drill stress displacement-following curves and the drill rod pressure displacement-following curves, and meanwhile calculating to obtain a rock breaking specific energy-displacement diagram;
s400, calculating the energy required by single-hole blasting rock breaking;
s500, calculating the explosive quantity required by a single hole;
s600, calculating the number of the required explosive rolls;
s700-distributing spaced charging according to the specific energy required by rock breaking.
2. The tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on drilling energy dissipation monitoring as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in the step S300, a formula is used
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
And calculating specific energy required for rock breaking, wherein E is the specific energy required for drilling and breaking rock masses at each point, sigma is the stress value displayed by the stress sensor at each point, P is the pressure value displayed by the pressure sensor at each point, D is the diameter of the drilled hole, K is 4.2 sigma, and the depth of the drilled hole is equal to the displacement value of the displacement sensor.
3. The tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on borehole energy dissipation monitoring as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the step S400, a formula is used
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
And calculating, wherein W is the energy required by the blasting of the tunnel face, L is the depth of the blast hole, and A is the single-hole blasting area control.
4. The tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on borehole energy dissipation monitoring as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the step S500, a formula is used
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
And calculating, wherein Q is the mass of the explosive, and M is the explosive energy per unit mass.
5. The tunnel excavation blasting optimization method based on borehole energy dissipation monitoring as recited in claim 1, wherein: in the step S600, a formula is used
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
And calculating, wherein N is the volume number of the required explosive, and q is the mass of a single volume of explosive.
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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116592722A (en) * 2023-07-14 2023-08-15 江汉大学 Method for calculating tunnel blasting explosive dosage through drilling process characteristics

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116592722A (en) * 2023-07-14 2023-08-15 江汉大学 Method for calculating tunnel blasting explosive dosage through drilling process characteristics
CN116592722B (en) * 2023-07-14 2023-09-12 江汉大学 Method for calculating tunnel blasting explosive dosage through drilling process characteristics

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