CN114573322A - Inorganic heat-insulating material - Google Patents
Inorganic heat-insulating material Download PDFInfo
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- CN114573322A CN114573322A CN202011388088.0A CN202011388088A CN114573322A CN 114573322 A CN114573322 A CN 114573322A CN 202011388088 A CN202011388088 A CN 202011388088A CN 114573322 A CN114573322 A CN 114573322A
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- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920003063 hydroxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229940031574 hydroxymethyl cellulose Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019353 potassium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019812 sodium carboxymethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001027 sodium carboxymethylcellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000003850 cellular structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
- C04B33/1352—Fuel ashes, e.g. fly ash
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to an inorganic heat-insulating material which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of fly ash, 8-12 parts of diatomite, 4-6 parts of kaolin, 0.3-0.6 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.2-0.6 part of gelatin, 3-6 parts of water glass and 25-35 parts of water. The inorganic heat-insulating material provided by the invention has good heat-insulating property and mechanical property.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to an inorganic heat-insulating material.
Background
With the implementation of the building energy-saving standard new administration, building heat-insulating materials and heat-insulating technology are rapidly developed. At present, the common building heat-insulating materials in China can be divided into three categories, namely organic, inorganic and composite. Because the organic heat-insulating material has the advantages of good heat-insulating property, low manufacturing cost, light weight, convenient construction and the like, the organic heat-insulating material takes benzene boards, polyurethane boards and rubber powder particles as main raw materials, so that the organic heat-insulating material has inflammability, the inflammability of the organic heat-insulating material is a short board which cannot be overcome by the organic heat-insulating material, and the potential safety hazard of the organic heat-insulating material cannot be compensated by the superior performance of other aspects. The composite heat-insulating material is newly developed in recent years, and mainly comprises an inorganic material and an organic material which are compounded, so that the composite heat-insulating material has low heat conductivity and certain flame retardance, but the existing composite material also has certain flammability and cannot reach the A-grade completely non-combustible standard. The inorganic heat-insulating material has good non-combustibility and good safety performance, but the heat-insulating performance is weak due to large heat conductivity, so that the application of the inorganic heat-insulating material is limited, and the development of the inorganic heat-insulating material with good heat-insulating performance has important significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an inorganic thermal insulation material with good thermal insulation performance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an inorganic heat-insulating material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of fly ash, 8-12 parts of diatomite, 4-6 parts of kaolin, 0.3-0.6 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.2-0.6 part of gelatin, 3-6 parts of water glass and 25-35 parts of water.
Further, the ratio of the fly ash to the diatomite to the kaolin is 10:2: 1.
Further, the feed is prepared from the following raw materials in an optimal ratio: 50 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of kaolin, 0.4 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.2 part of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.4 part of gelatin, 5 parts of water glass and 29 parts of water.
Further, the preparation method of the inorganic heat-insulating material comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing fly ash slurry: according to the proportion of the raw materials, the fly ash, the diatomite and the kaolin are ball-milled and mixed uniformly, and then are mixed with the gelatin and the sodium carboxymethylcellulose; adding warm water into the mixed material in a water bath state and uniformly stirring;
(2) mechanical foaming: adding sodium dodecyl sulfate into the uniformly stirred slurry, and rapidly stirring at a rotating speed of not less than 600r/min for not less than 3 minutes until stable foam slurry is formed;
(3) injection molding and drying: injecting the uniformly stirred foam slurry into a mold, naturally drying for 12 hours at room temperature to obtain a wet blank with certain strength, then transferring the wet blank into a ventilation drying oven, drying for 2 hours at 60 ℃, then raising the temperature to 80 ℃, drying for 2 hours, and finally drying for 1 hour at 105 ℃ to obtain a dried green blank;
(4) and (3) sintering: and (2) placing the green body into a muffle furnace to be sintered in an air atmosphere at normal pressure, setting the temperature to be 2 ℃ initially, raising the temperature at the rate of 2 ℃/min until the temperature rises to 500 ℃, then preserving the heat at the temperature of 500 ℃ for 1h, raising the temperature to 950 ℃ at the rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2h, and then cooling the heat to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the inorganic heat-insulating material prepared from the porous fly ash.
Further, in the step (1), the temperature of adding warm water to the mixed material and the temperature of the water bath are both 45 ℃.
Further, in the step (3), the foam slurry is injected into a mold, and the glycerol is uniformly coated in the inner cavity of the mold.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention takes waste fly ash with porous structure as raw material, combines gel injection molding process and foaming method, generates cellular structure by foaming method, then coagulates and solidifies to stabilize the cellular structure, and the prepared inorganic heat-insulating material has the advantages of light weight, environmental protection, low cost, high strength and good heat-insulating property.
According to the invention, when the weight ratio of the fly ash to the diatomite to the kaolin is 10:2:1, the shrinkage rate during high-temperature sintering is low, and the molding effect is good.
Detailed Description
Example 1
An inorganic heat-insulating material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of kaolin, 0.4 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.2 part of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.4 part of gelatin, 5 parts of water glass and 29 parts of water.
Example 2
An inorganic heat-insulating material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40 parts of fly ash, 8 parts of diatomite, 4 parts of kaolin, 0.6 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.3 part of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.6 part of gelatin, 3 parts of water glass and 25 parts of water.
Example 3
An inorganic heat-insulating material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of fly ash, 12 parts of diatomite, 6 parts of kaolin, 0.3 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.1 part of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.2 part of gelatin, 3 parts of water glass and 35 parts of water.
Example 4
The preparation of the inorganic heat-insulating material was carried out according to the raw material ratios described in example 1, the preparation method being as follows:
(1) preparing fly ash slurry: according to the proportion of the raw materials, the fly ash, the diatomite and the kaolin are ball-milled and mixed uniformly, and then are mixed with the gelatin and the sodium carboxymethylcellulose; adding warm water into the mixed material in a water bath state and uniformly stirring;
(2) mechanical foaming: adding sodium dodecyl sulfate into the uniformly stirred slurry, and rapidly stirring at a rotating speed of not less than 600r/min for not less than 3 minutes until stable foam slurry is formed;
(3) injection molding and drying: injecting the uniformly stirred foam slurry into a mold, naturally drying for 12 hours at room temperature to obtain a wet blank with certain strength, then transferring the wet blank into a ventilation drying oven, drying for 2 hours at 60 ℃, then raising the temperature to 80 ℃, drying for 2 hours, and finally drying for 1 hour at 105 ℃ to obtain a dried green blank;
(4) and (3) sintering: and (2) placing the green body into a muffle furnace to be sintered in an air atmosphere at normal pressure, setting the temperature to be 2 ℃ initially, raising the temperature at the rate of 2 ℃/min until the temperature rises to 500 ℃, then preserving the heat at the temperature of 500 ℃ for 1h, raising the temperature to 950 ℃ at the rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2h, and then cooling the heat to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the inorganic heat-insulating material prepared from the porous fly ash.
The inorganic heat-insulating material prepared from the raw materials in the proportion according to the steps has good heat-insulating property and mechanical property, wherein the apparent density is 0.28g/cm3The thermal conductivity is 0.06W/(m × K), the compressive strength is 0.6MPa, and the porosity is more than 85%.
Example 5
The inorganic heat-insulating material prepared by the raw materials in the proportion of the embodiment 2 according to the method of the embodiment 4 has good heat-insulating property and mechanical property, wherein the apparent density is 0.30g/cm3The thermal conductivity is 0.07W/(m × K), the compressive strength is 0.5MPa, and the porosity is more than 85%.
Example 6
The inorganic heat-insulating material prepared by the raw materials in the proportion of the embodiment 3 according to the method of the embodiment 4 has good heat-insulating property and mechanical property, and the apparent density is 0.29g/cm3The thermal conductivity is 0.08W/(m × K), the compressive strength is 0.6MPa, and the porosity is more than 85%.
Claims (6)
1. An inorganic heat insulation material is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of fly ash, 8-12 parts of diatomite, 4-6 parts of kaolin, 0.3-0.6 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.1-0.3 part of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.2-0.6 part of gelatin, 3-6 parts of water glass and 25-35 parts of water.
2. The inorganic thermal insulation material of claim 1, wherein the ratio of fly ash, diatomaceous earth and kaolin is 10:2: 1.
3. The inorganic heat-insulating material of claim 2, which is prepared from the following raw materials in an optimal proportion: 50 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of diatomite, 5 parts of kaolin, 0.4 part of sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.2 part of sodium hydroxymethyl cellulose, 0.4 part of gelatin, 5 parts of water glass and 29 parts of water.
4. A method for preparing an inorganic thermal insulation material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is prepared by the following steps:
(1) preparing fly ash slurry: according to the proportion of the raw materials, the fly ash, the diatomite and the kaolin are ball-milled and mixed uniformly, and then are mixed with the gelatin and the sodium carboxymethylcellulose; adding warm water into the mixed material in a water bath state and uniformly stirring;
(2) mechanical foaming: adding sodium dodecyl sulfate into the uniformly stirred slurry, and rapidly stirring at a rotating speed of not less than 600r/min for not less than 3 minutes until stable foam slurry is formed;
(3) injection molding and drying: injecting the uniformly stirred foam slurry into a mold, naturally drying for 12 hours at room temperature to obtain a wet blank with certain strength, then transferring the wet blank into a ventilation drying oven, drying for 2 hours at 60 ℃, then raising the temperature to 80 ℃, drying for 2 hours, and finally drying for 1 hour at 105 ℃ to obtain a dried green blank;
(4) and (3) sintering: and (2) placing the green body into a muffle furnace to be sintered in an air atmosphere at normal pressure, setting the temperature to be 2 ℃ initially, raising the temperature at the rate of 2 ℃/min until the temperature rises to 500 ℃, then preserving the heat at the temperature of 500 ℃ for 1h, raising the temperature to 950 ℃ at the rate of 5 ℃/min, preserving the heat for 2h, and then cooling the heat to room temperature along with the furnace to obtain the inorganic heat-insulating material prepared from the porous fly ash.
5. The method for preparing an inorganic heat insulating material according to claim 4, wherein in the step (1), the temperature of the warm water added to the mixed materials and the temperature of the water bath are both 45 ℃.
6. The method for preparing an inorganic thermal insulation material according to claim 5, wherein in the step (3), the foam slurry is injected into a mold, and glycerin is uniformly applied to the inner cavity of the mold.
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