CN111792884A - Environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111792884A
CN111792884A CN202010598244.XA CN202010598244A CN111792884A CN 111792884 A CN111792884 A CN 111792884A CN 202010598244 A CN202010598244 A CN 202010598244A CN 111792884 A CN111792884 A CN 111792884A
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foaming agent
environment
insulating material
mixing
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赵烨
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Hangzhou Kasi Home Design Co ltd
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Hangzhou Kasi Home Design Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00241—Physical properties of the materials not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00293—Materials impermeable to liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/10—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the viscosity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/30—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values
    • C04B2201/32—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for heat transfer properties such as thermal insulation values, e.g. R-values for the thermal conductivity, e.g. K-factors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides an environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings, which is prepared from the following raw materials: modified aerogel, diatomite and Al2O3-ZnO-CaO nano powder, composite aluminosilicate polymer, foaming agent, thickening agent, water reducing agent, vermiculite powder, basalt, foaming graphite, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyether polyol, activated carbon and hydroxymethyl cellulose. According to the invention, through scientific and reasonable component proportion and simple process flow, the final heat-insulating material has good heat-insulating property, the temperature in a building is effectively ensured, the heat loss in the building is avoided, and the heat-insulating material has good use and popularization values.

Description

Environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to an environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Energy conservation and environmental protection become important issues which people must face in the 21 st century and also become important issues which must be addressed by the building industry. The improvement of the heat preservation and insulation performance of a house is an important measure for energy conservation and consumption reduction of buildings, under the national advocation, a method of pasting heat preservation and insulation layers on outer walls and inner walls is adopted by a plurality of new buildings and a plurality of old buildings to achieve the heat preservation and insulation effects in the house, namely, the heat insulation materials on the inner and outer walls prevent heat radiation from transmitting to the inside of the house in hot summer, the energy consumption of household appliances such as air conditioners is reduced, and the heat insulation materials on the inner and outer walls prevent indoor higher temperature from being transmitted to the outside of the cold house in cold winter.
At present, the heat insulation layer materials used in the market are mainly high molecular organic materials and inorganic materials. The common polymer thermal insulation materials comprise: expanded polystyrene foam board, crosslinked polyethylene foam board, foamed polyurethane board. The inorganic material plate comprises: a cement-coated plate and a foamed oxychloride cement plate are provided. The organic material plate has the main advantages of low density, high heat preservation efficiency, good toughness and poor fire resistance, is easy to ignite after being ignited, can generate toxic smoke in the combustion process, seriously endangers life safety, and also has the defects of poor aging resistance, short service life, complex installation procedure, high cost and the like. The inorganic material type heat preservation and insulation layer has the advantages that: low cost, difficult combustion, no smoke generation in fire, good aging resistance, same service life with the building, easy installation, low cost and the like, and has the defects of increasing the weight of the whole building and lacking of toughness of materials.
The existing commonly used heat insulation materials are organic heat insulation materials such as EPS, XPS and polyurethane, the heat conductivity coefficient of the materials is small, the insulating property is good, but the strength is low, the materials do not have the fireproof function and cannot meet the fire-fighting requirement, so the materials cannot meet the use requirement of buildings in the aspects of strength, fire resistance, durability and the like and cannot meet the requirements of green energy-saving buildings and social sustainable development. Along with social development, the fire resistance of buildings is more and more emphasized, the requirement on the fire resistance grade of the buildings is greatly improved, the civil building external thermal insulation material is required to be an A-grade non-combustible material in the ministry of public security and the ministry of main construction, namely the civil building external thermal insulation system and the temporary stipulation of exterior wall decoration fire resistance, and when the B1-grade thermal insulation material is adopted, a horizontal fire-proof isolation belt is arranged. The grade A materials generally comprise cement expanded perlite, aerated concrete blocks, rock wool, glass wool and the like, the cement expanded perlite and the aerated concrete blocks have large volume weight and large heat conduction system, and the rock wool and the glass wool have certain influence on the environment and the health of personnel in production and use.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings and a preparation method thereof, and the final heat-insulating material can have good heat-insulating property through scientific and reasonable component proportion and simple process flow, so that the temperature in the buildings is effectively ensured, and the heat loss in the buildings is avoided.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides an environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings, which is prepared from the following raw materials: modified aerogel, diatomite and Al2O3-ZnO-CaO nanopowder, composite aluminosilicate polymer, foaming agent, thickener, water reducing agent, vermiculite powder, basalt, expanded graphite, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyether polyol, activated carbon, hydroxymethyl cellulose;
the modified aerogel is prepared by the following method: adding 1-5 parts by weight of glucomannan and 1 part by weight of soybean protein into 100 parts by weight of bionic extracting solution to react for 1-2 hours, then inactivating enzyme at 105 ℃ of 100-;
the preparation method of the bionic extracting solution comprises the steps of adding 100U/g pepsin into 100mL of 0.1-0.2mol/L HCl solution, and stirring and dissolving to obtain the bionic extracting solution;
the composite aluminosilicate polymer is prepared by the following method: grinding aluminosilicate to be less than 100 meshes, soaking in 1-2mol/L KOH solution for reaction for 2-4h, filtering, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain aluminosilicate polymer with the particle size of 15-25 mu m, and drying to obtain composite aluminosilicate polymer;
the Al is2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder is prepared by the following method: respectively grinding aluminum oxide, zinc oxide and calcium oxide to below 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, feeding into a muffle furnace under nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 800-850 deg.C, high-temperature activating and sintering for 1-3h, cooling to room temperatureThe Al with the particle size of 100-500nm is obtained by adopting a ball milling process for uniform mixing2O3-ZnO-CaO nanopowder;
the mass ratio of the aluminum oxide to the zinc oxide to the calcium oxide is 1:1-3: 1-5.
As a further improvement of the invention, the health-care food is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of modified aerogel, 15-25 parts of diatomite and Al2O310-20 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano powder, 50-100 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 1-3 parts of foaming agent, 1-5 parts of thickening agent, 0.5-2 parts of water reducing agent, 3-10 parts of vermiculite powder, 3-7 parts of basalt, 2-10 parts of foamed graphite, 1-3 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 1-4 parts of polyether polyol, 2-5 parts of activated carbon and 1-4 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
As a further improvement of the invention, the health-care food is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of modified aerogel, 17-22 parts of diatomite and Al2O312-18 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano powder, 60-90 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 1.5-2.5 parts of foaming agent, 2-4 parts of thickening agent, 0.7-1.5 parts of water reducing agent, 5-9 parts of vermiculite powder, 4-6 parts of basalt, 4-8 parts of foamed graphite, 1.5-2.5 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 2-3 parts of polyether polyol, 3-5 parts of active carbon and 2-4 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
As a further improvement of the invention, the health-care food is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of modified aerogel, 20 parts of diatomite and Al2O315 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano powder, 75 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 2 parts of foaming agent, 3 parts of thickening agent, 1 part of water reducing agent, 7 parts of vermiculite powder, 5 parts of basalt, 6 parts of foamed graphite, 2 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 2.5 parts of polyether polyol, 4 parts of activated carbon and 3 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
As a further improvement of the invention, the foaming agent is a combined foaming agent and comprises a physical foaming agent and a chemical foaming agent, wherein the physical foaming agent is dichlorotetrafluoroethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane, and the mass ratio of the dichlorotetrafluoroethane to the trichlorotrifluoroethane is 3: 1-3, wherein the chemical foaming agent is azodicarbonamide, and the weight ratio of the physical foaming agent to the chemical foaming agent is 1: 0.2-0.5.
As a further improvement of the invention, the thickening agent is selected from one or a mixture of more of cellulose ether and derivatives thereof, alkali swelling thickening agent, acrylic thickening agent, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, low molecular polyethylene wax, polyacrylamide, starch, pectin, xanthan gum, hydrogenated castor oil, organic bentonite and polyphthalamide wax.
As a further improvement of the invention, the water reducing agent is one or a mixture of more of lignosulfonate, a naphthalene sulfonate water reducing agent, a melamine water reducing agent, powdered polycarboxylate, casein and polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent.
As a further improvement of the invention, the aluminosilicate is one or a mixture of two of metakaolin, slag, fly ash and silica fume.
The invention further provides a preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: putting the raw materials into a mixer, firstly mixing at a low speed for 30-50min, then raising the temperature to a high speed for mixing for 10-30min, and adding 10% of water based on the total weight of the raw materials when the temperature reaches 100 ℃ and 120 ℃ for fully mixing;
s2, extrusion forming: the mixture in the step S1 is put into a double-screw extruder, and extruded into a semi-finished product with the power of 30-50KW at the temperature of 220 ℃ and 240 ℃;
s3, forming: and (5) putting the semi-finished product obtained in the step (S3) into an ice-water mixture at the temperature of 0 ℃ for cold soaking to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building.
As a further improvement of the invention, the low-speed mixing rotation speed is 300-500r/min, and the high-speed mixing rotation speed is 1000-1500 r/min.
The invention has the following beneficial effects: the physical foaming agent is low-boiling-point liquid, has wide performance range, is gaseous low-boiling-point liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure, and has a boiling point lower than 110 ℃ at normal pressure. The polymer melt is in liquid state when it is injected under pressure, so that it is favourable for uniformly mixing foaming agent with polymer body, then the foaming agent in the polymer body is vaporized by reducing pressure to form air bubble. Azodicarbonamide is a general foaming agent with large gas evolution, can complete safe and rapid oxidation under low consumption to improve the physical properties and required organization structure of materials, can prepare various foaming products, can be used in combination with the physical foaming agent, can foam rapidly to generate uniform and fine air bubbles, thereby reducing the heat conductivity coefficient of the building materials and realizing the heat preservation effect;
for the polymerization process of the composite aluminosilicate polymer, which comprises 4 processes of dissolution, diffusion, polymerization and solidification, firstly, aluminosilicate minerals and alkaline exciting agents in aqueous solution are subjected to chemical reaction to generate water-soluble aluminum-containing monomers and silicon-containing monomers; dissolved monomers (e.g. AlO)4And SiO4Tetrahedron) to be uniformly diffused into the liquid phase; at a certain temperature, the aluminum-containing monomer and the silicon-containing monomer are subjected to polycondensation reaction to generate a gel phase; dissolving and diffusing between the gel phase and the residual reactants and moving the gel phase in a capillary to remove residual moisture and further solidify in a proper environment to form an aluminosilicate polymer; al (Al)2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder is prepared by mixing Al2O3The ZnO and the CaO are ball-milled and mixed uniformly to obtain composite nano powder, so that the flame retardant property and the heat insulation property of the material are improved remarkably; the aerogel is a highly porous material formed by removing a liquid solvent in the aerogel under the condition of keeping a three-dimensional network structure of the aerogel unchanged, and has the properties of light weight, good heat preservation performance, chemical resistance and the like, so that the aerogel is widely applied to the building material industry;
the invention adopts the foaming agent which almost has no pollution to the environment and the halogen-free flame retardant system, thereby realizing the purpose of environmental protection; through the matching of reaction raw materials such as a water reducing agent, a foaming agent and the like, the rapid foaming and curing are realized, the spraying process is suitable for the spraying process, and the production efficiency is improved;
according to the invention, through scientific and reasonable component proportion and simple process flow, the final heat-insulating material has good heat-insulating property, the temperature in a building is effectively ensured, the heat loss in the building is avoided, and the heat-insulating material has good use and popularization values.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a modified aerogel obtained in example 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows Al in example 5 of the present invention2O3SEM image of-ZnO-CaO nanopowder.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of the Tris-HCl solution with the pH value of 7.4 comprises the following steps: 50ml of 0.1mol/L Tris solution was mixed with 42ml of 0.1mol/L hydrochloric acid, and then diluted to 100ml with water.
Example 1
The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of modified aerogel, 15 parts of diatomite and Al2O310 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano-powder, 50 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 1 part of foaming agent, 1 part of low molecular polyethylene wax, 0.5 part of polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent, 3 parts of vermiculite powder, 3 parts of basalt, 2 parts of foamed graphite, 1 part of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 1 part of polyether polyol, 2 parts of activated carbon and 1 part of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The foaming agent is a combined foaming agent and comprises a physical foaming agent and a chemical foaming agent, wherein the physical foaming agent is dichlorotetrafluoroethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane, and the mass ratio of the dichlorotetrafluoroethane to the trichlorotrifluoroethane is 3:1, the chemical foaming agent is azodicarbonamide, and the weight ratio of the physical foaming agent to the chemical foaming agent is 1: 0.2.
The modified aerogel is prepared by the following method: adding 1g of glucomannan and 1g of soybean protein into 100g of bionic extracting solution, reacting for 1h, inactivating enzyme at 100 ℃ for 10min, filtering, adding 5g of xanthan gum into the filtrate, mixing and stirring to obtain sol, freeze-drying, feeding the obtained solid into a muffle furnace in nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 500 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, keeping for 20min, continuing to raise the temperature to 600 ℃, keeping for 30min, cooling to room temperature, and soaking the obtained carbonized solid in Tris-HCl solution with the pH of 7.4 for 10min to obtain the modified aerogel.
The preparation method of the bionic extracting solution comprises the steps of adding 100U/g pepsin into 100mL of 0.1mol/L HCl solution, and stirring and dissolving to obtain the bionic extracting solution.
The composite aluminosilicate polymer is prepared by the following method: grinding the fly ash to be less than 100 meshes, soaking the fly ash in 1mol/L KOH solution for reaction for 2 hours, filtering, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain an aluminosilicate polymer with the particle size of 15-25 mu m, and drying to obtain the composite aluminosilicate polymer.
Al2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder is prepared by the following method: respectively grinding 10g of aluminum oxide, 10g of zinc oxide and 10g of calcium oxide to be below 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, sending into a muffle furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere condition, heating to 800 ℃, carrying out high-temperature activation sintering for 1h, then sending out, cooling to room temperature, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain Al with the particle size of 100-2O3-ZnO-CaO nanopowder.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: putting the raw materials into a mixer, firstly mixing at a low speed for 30min, then raising the speed to a high speed for 10min, adding water accounting for 10 percent of the total weight of the raw materials when the temperature reaches 100 ℃, and fully mixing;
s2, extrusion forming: putting the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a double-screw extruder, and extruding the mixture at 220 ℃ and 30KW to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, forming: and (5) putting the semi-finished product obtained in the step (S3) into an ice-water mixture at the temperature of 0 ℃ for cold soaking to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building.
In this embodiment, the low-speed mixing rotation speed is 300r/min, and the high-speed mixing rotation speed is 1000 r/min.
Example 2
The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of modified aerogel, 25 parts of diatomite and Al2O320 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano-powder, 100 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 3 parts of foaming agent, 5 parts of polyamide wax, 2 parts of melamine water reducing agent, 10 parts of vermiculite powder, 7 parts of basalt, 10 parts of foamed graphite, 3 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 4 parts of polyether polyol, 5 parts of activated carbon and 4 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The foaming agent is a combined foaming agent and comprises a physical foaming agent and a chemical foaming agent, wherein the physical foaming agent is dichlorotetrafluoroethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane, and the mass ratio of the dichlorotetrafluoroethane to the trichlorotrifluoroethane is 3: 3, the chemical foaming agent is azodicarbonamide, and the weight ratio of the physical foaming agent to the chemical foaming agent is 1: 0.5.
The modified aerogel is prepared by the following method: adding 5g of glucomannan and 1g of soybean protein into 100g of bionic extracting solution, reacting for 2h, inactivating enzyme at 105 ℃ for 15min, filtering, adding 10g of xanthan gum into the filtrate, mixing and stirring to obtain sol, freeze-drying, feeding the obtained solid into a muffle furnace in nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 550 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 30min, continuing heating to 700 ℃, keeping the temperature for 50min, cooling to room temperature, and soaking the obtained carbonized solid in Tris-HCl solution with the pH of 7.4 for 20min to obtain the modified aerogel.
The preparation method of the bionic extracting solution comprises the steps of adding 100U/g pepsin into 100mL of 0.2mol/L HCl solution, and stirring and dissolving to obtain the bionic extracting solution.
The composite aluminosilicate polymer is prepared by the following method: grinding silica fume to be below 100 meshes, soaking in 2mol/L KOH solution for reaction for 4h, filtering, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain an aluminosilicate polymer with the particle size of 15-25 mu m, and drying to obtain the composite aluminosilicate polymer.
Al2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder is prepared by the following method: respectively grinding 10g of aluminum oxide, 30g of zinc oxide and 50g of calcium oxide to be below 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, sending into a muffle furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere condition, heating to 850 ℃, carrying out high-temperature activation sintering for 3h, then sending out, cooling to room temperature, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain Al with the particle size of 100-2O3-ZnO-CaO nanopowder.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: putting the raw materials into a mixer, firstly mixing at a low speed for 50min, then raising the speed to a high speed for mixing for 30min, adding water accounting for 10 percent of the total weight of the raw materials when the temperature reaches 120 ℃, and fully mixing;
s2, extrusion forming: putting the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a double-screw extruder, and extruding the mixture at 240 ℃ and 50KW to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, forming: and (5) putting the semi-finished product obtained in the step (S3) into an ice-water mixture at the temperature of 0 ℃ for cold soaking to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building.
In this embodiment, the medium-low speed mixing rotation speed is 500r/min, and the high-speed mixing rotation speed is 1500 r/min.
Example 3
The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of modified aerogel, 17 parts of diatomite and Al2O312 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano-powder, 60 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 1.5 parts of foaming agent, 2 parts of hydrogenated castor oil, 0.7 part of hydrogenated castor oil, 5 parts of vermiculite powder, 4 parts of basalt, 4 parts of foamed graphite, 1.5 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 2 parts of polyether polyol, 3 parts of activated carbon and 2 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The foaming agent is a combined foaming agent and comprises a physical foaming agent and a chemical foaming agent, wherein the physical foaming agent is dichlorotetrafluoroethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane, and the mass ratio of the dichlorotetrafluoroethane to the trichlorotrifluoroethane is 3: 1.5, the chemical foaming agent is azodicarbonamide, and the weight ratio of the physical foaming agent to the chemical foaming agent is 1: 0.3.
The modified aerogel is prepared by the following method: adding 2g of glucomannan and 1g of soybean protein into 100g of bionic extracting solution, reacting for 1.5h, inactivating enzyme at 101 ℃ for 11min, filtering, adding 6g of xanthan gum into the filtrate, mixing and stirring to obtain sol, freeze-drying, feeding the obtained solid into a muffle furnace in nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 510 ℃ at the speed of 6 ℃/min, keeping for 22min, continuing heating to 620 ℃, keeping for 35min, cooling to room temperature, and soaking the obtained carbonized solid in Tris-HCl solution with the pH of 7.4 for 12min to obtain the modified aerogel.
The preparation method of the bionic extracting solution comprises the steps of adding 100U/g pepsin into 100mL of 0.12mol/L HCl solution, and stirring and dissolving to obtain the bionic extracting solution.
The composite aluminosilicate polymer is prepared by the following method: grinding slag to be less than 100 meshes, soaking in 1.2mol/L KOH solution for reaction for 3h, filtering, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain an aluminosilicate polymer with the particle size of 15-25 mu m, and drying to obtain the composite aluminosilicate polymer.
Al2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder is prepared by the following method: respectively grinding 10g of aluminum oxide, 12g of zinc oxide and 20g of calcium oxide to be below 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, sending into a muffle furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere condition, heating to 810 ℃, carrying out high-temperature activation sintering for 2h, then sending out, cooling to room temperature, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain Al with the particle size of 100-2O3-ZnO-CaO nanopowder.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: putting the raw materials into a mixer, firstly mixing at low speed for 35min, then raising the speed to high speed for mixing for 15min, adding water accounting for 10 percent of the total weight of the raw materials when the temperature reaches 105 ℃, and fully mixing;
s2, extrusion forming: filling the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a double-screw extruder, and extruding the mixture at 225 ℃ and 35KW to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, forming: and (5) putting the semi-finished product obtained in the step (S3) into an ice-water mixture at the temperature of 0 ℃ for cold soaking to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building.
In this embodiment, the low-speed mixing rotation speed is 350r/min, and the high-speed mixing rotation speed is 1100 r/min.
Example 4
The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of modified aerogel, 22 parts of diatomite and Al2O318 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano-powder, 90 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 2.5 parts of foaming agent, 4 parts of xanthan gum, 1.5 parts of naphthalenesulfonate water reducing agent, 9 parts of vermiculite powder, 6 parts of basalt, 8 parts of foamed graphite, 2.5 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 3 parts of polyether polyol, 5 parts of activated carbon and 4 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The foaming agent is a combined foaming agent and comprises a physical foaming agent and a chemical foaming agent, wherein the physical foaming agent is dichlorotetrafluoroethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane, and the mass ratio of the dichlorotetrafluoroethane to the trichlorotrifluoroethane is 3: 2.5, the chemical foaming agent is azodicarbonamide, and the weight ratio of the physical foaming agent to the chemical foaming agent is 1: 0.4.
The modified aerogel is prepared by the following method: adding 4g of glucomannan and 1g of soybean protein into 100g of bionic extracting solution, reacting for 1.5h, inactivating enzyme at 104 ℃ for 14min, filtering, adding 8g of xanthan gum into the filtrate, mixing and stirring to obtain sol, freeze-drying, feeding the obtained solid into a muffle furnace in nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 540 ℃ at the speed of 8 ℃/min, keeping for 28min, continuing to raise to 680 ℃ and keep for 45min, cooling to room temperature, and soaking the obtained carbonized solid in Tris-HCl solution with the pH of 7.4 for 18min to obtain the modified aerogel.
The preparation method of the bionic extracting solution comprises the steps of adding 100U/g pepsin into 100mL of 0.18mol/L HCl solution, and stirring and dissolving to obtain the bionic extracting solution.
The composite aluminosilicate polymer is prepared by the following method: grinding metakaolin to be below 100 meshes, soaking in 1.8mol/L KOH solution for reaction for 3h, filtering, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain an aluminosilicate polymer with the particle size of 15-25 mu m, and drying to obtain the composite aluminosilicate polymer.
Al2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder is prepared by the following method: respectively grinding 10g of aluminum oxide, 25g of zinc oxide and 40g of calcium oxide to be below 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, feeding into a muffle furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere condition, heating to 840 ℃, carrying out high-temperature activation sintering for 2h, cooling to room temperature, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain a material with the particle size of 100-Al2O3-ZnO-CaO nanopowder.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: putting the raw materials into a mixer, firstly mixing at a low speed for 45min, then raising the speed to a high speed for mixing for 25min, adding water accounting for 10 percent of the total weight of the raw materials when the temperature reaches 115 ℃, and fully mixing;
s2, extrusion forming: putting the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a double-screw extruder, and extruding the mixture at 235 ℃ and 45KW to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, forming: and (5) putting the semi-finished product obtained in the step (S3) into an ice-water mixture at the temperature of 0 ℃ for cold soaking to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building.
In this embodiment, the medium-low speed mixing rotation speed is 450r/min, and the high-speed mixing rotation speed is 1400 r/min.
Example 5
The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of modified aerogel, 20 parts of diatomite and Al2O315 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano powder, 75 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 2 parts of foaming agent, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1 part of casein, 7 parts of vermiculite powder, 5 parts of basalt, 6 parts of foamed graphite, 2 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 2.5 parts of polyether polyol, 4 parts of activated carbon and 3 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The foaming agent is a combined foaming agent and comprises a physical foaming agent and a chemical foaming agent, wherein the physical foaming agent is dichlorotetrafluoroethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane, and the mass ratio of the dichlorotetrafluoroethane to the trichlorotrifluoroethane is 3: 2, the chemical foaming agent is azodicarbonamide, and the weight ratio of the physical foaming agent to the chemical foaming agent is 1: 0.35.
The modified aerogel is prepared by the following method: adding 3g of glucomannan and 1g of soybean protein into 100g of bionic extracting solution, reacting for 1.5h, inactivating enzyme at 102 ℃ for 13min, filtering, adding 7g of xanthan gum into the filtrate, mixing and stirring to obtain sol, freeze-drying, feeding the obtained solid into a muffle furnace in nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 5250 ℃ at the speed of 7 ℃/min, keeping for 25min, continuing to raise the temperature to 650 ℃, keeping for 40min, cooling to room temperature, and soaking the obtained carbonized solid in a Tris-HCl solution with the pH of 7.4 for 15min to obtain the modified aerogel. The SEM image is shown in figure 1, and the appearance observation result shows that the modified aerogel has a multi-scale pore structure with micro-scale macropores and nano-scale mesopores.
The preparation method of the bionic extracting solution comprises the steps of adding 100U/g pepsin into 100mL of 0.15mol/L HCl solution, and stirring and dissolving to obtain the bionic extracting solution.
The composite aluminosilicate polymer is prepared by the following method: grinding metakaolin to be below 100 meshes, soaking in 1.5mol/L KOH solution for reaction for 3h, filtering, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain an aluminosilicate polymer with the particle size of 15-25 mu m, and drying to obtain the composite aluminosilicate polymer.
Al2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder is prepared by the following method: respectively grinding 10g of aluminum oxide, 20g of zinc oxide and 35g of calcium oxide to be below 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, feeding into a muffle furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere condition, heating to 825 ℃, carrying out high-temperature activation sintering for 2h, cooling to room temperature, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain Al with the particle size of 100-2O3-ZnO-CaO nanopowder. The SEM image is shown in FIG. 2, from which it can be seen that the Al is2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder consists of nano particles with uniform granularity
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: putting the raw materials into a mixer, firstly mixing at a low speed for 40min, then raising the speed to a high speed for 20min, adding water accounting for 10 percent of the total weight of the raw materials when the temperature reaches 110 ℃, and fully mixing;
s2, extrusion forming: putting the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a double-screw extruder, and extruding the mixture at 230 ℃ and 40KW to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, forming: and (5) putting the semi-finished product obtained in the step (S3) into an ice-water mixture at the temperature of 0 ℃ for cold soaking to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building.
In this embodiment, the low-speed mixing rotation speed is 400r/min, and the high-speed mixing rotation speed is 1250 r/min.
Comparative example 1
Compared with example 5, the modified aerogel is not added, and other conditions are not changed.
The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 20 portions of diatomite and Al2O315 parts of ZnO-CaO nano powder, 110 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 2 parts of foaming agent, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1 part of casein, 7 parts of vermiculite powder, 5 parts of basalt, 6 parts of foamed graphite, 2 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 2.5 parts of polyether polyol, 4 parts of activated carbon and 3 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The foaming agent is a combined foaming agent and comprises a physical foaming agent and a chemical foaming agent, wherein the physical foaming agent is dichlorotetrafluoroethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane, and the mass ratio of the dichlorotetrafluoroethane to the trichlorotrifluoroethane is 3: 2, the chemical foaming agent is azodicarbonamide, and the weight ratio of the physical foaming agent to the chemical foaming agent is 1: 0.35.
The composite aluminosilicate polymer is prepared by the following method: grinding metakaolin to be below 100 meshes, soaking in 1.5mol/L KOH solution for reaction for 3h, filtering, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain an aluminosilicate polymer with the particle size of 15-25 mu m, and drying to obtain the composite aluminosilicate polymer.
Al2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder is prepared by the following method: respectively grinding 10g of aluminum oxide, 20g of zinc oxide and 35g of calcium oxide to be below 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, feeding into a muffle furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere condition, heating to 825 ℃, carrying out high-temperature activation sintering for 2h, cooling to room temperature, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain Al with the particle size of 100-2O3-ZnO-CaO nanopowder.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: putting the raw materials into a mixer, firstly mixing at a low speed for 40min, then raising the speed to a high speed for 20min, adding water accounting for 10 percent of the total weight of the raw materials when the temperature reaches 110 ℃, and fully mixing;
s2, extrusion forming: putting the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a double-screw extruder, and extruding the mixture at 230 ℃ and 40KW to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, forming: and (5) putting the semi-finished product obtained in the step (S3) into an ice-water mixture at the temperature of 0 ℃ for cold soaking to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building.
In this embodiment, the low-speed mixing rotation speed is 400r/min, and the high-speed mixing rotation speed is 1250 r/min.
Comparative example 2
Compared with example 5, the composite aluminosilicate polymer is not added, and other conditions are not changed.
The raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 110 parts of modified aerogel, 20 parts of diatomite and Al2O315 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano powder, 2 parts of foaming agent, 3 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 1 part of casein, 7 parts of vermiculite powder, 5 parts of basalt, 6 parts of foamed graphite, 2 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 2.5 parts of polyether polyol, 4 parts of activated carbon and 3 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
The foaming agent is a combined foaming agent and comprises a physical foaming agent and a chemical foaming agent, wherein the physical foaming agent is dichlorotetrafluoroethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane, and the mass ratio of the dichlorotetrafluoroethane to the trichlorotrifluoroethane is 3: 2, the chemical foaming agent is azodicarbonamide, and the weight ratio of the physical foaming agent to the chemical foaming agent is 1: 0.35.
The modified aerogel is prepared by the following method: adding 3g of glucomannan and 1g of soybean protein into 100g of bionic extracting solution, reacting for 1.5h, inactivating enzyme at 102 ℃ for 13min, filtering, adding 7g of xanthan gum into the filtrate, mixing and stirring to obtain sol, freeze-drying, feeding the obtained solid into a muffle furnace in nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 5250 ℃ at the speed of 7 ℃/min, keeping for 25min, continuing to raise the temperature to 650 ℃, keeping for 40min, cooling to room temperature, and soaking the obtained carbonized solid in a Tris-HCl solution with the pH of 7.4 for 15min to obtain the modified aerogel.
The preparation method of the bionic extracting solution comprises the steps of adding 100U/g pepsin into 100mL of 0.15mol/L HCl solution, and stirring and dissolving to obtain the bionic extracting solution.
Al2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder is prepared by the following method: respectively grinding 10g of aluminum oxide, 20g of zinc oxide and 35g of calcium oxide to be below 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, feeding into a muffle furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere condition, heating to 825 ℃, carrying out high-temperature activation sintering for 2h, cooling to room temperature, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain Al with the particle size of 100-2O3-ZnO-CaO nanopowder.
The preparation method of the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: putting the raw materials into a mixer, firstly mixing at a low speed for 40min, then raising the speed to a high speed for 20min, adding water accounting for 10 percent of the total weight of the raw materials when the temperature reaches 110 ℃, and fully mixing;
s2, extrusion forming: putting the mixture obtained in the step S1 into a double-screw extruder, and extruding the mixture at 230 ℃ and 40KW to obtain a semi-finished product;
s3, forming: and (5) putting the semi-finished product obtained in the step (S3) into an ice-water mixture at the temperature of 0 ℃ for cold soaking to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building.
In this embodiment, the low-speed mixing rotation speed is 400r/min, and the high-speed mixing rotation speed is 1250 r/min.
Test example 1
The heat insulation performance tests of the environment-friendly heat insulation materials for buildings prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5 and the comparative examples 1 and 2 of the invention and the heat insulation materials for buildings sold in the market are carried out, and the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0002558211360000171
As can be seen from the table above, the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings prepared by the invention has the advantages of lower heat conductivity coefficient, excellent heat-insulating effect, good compression resistance, high bonding strength and high anti-permeability grade, and is obviously superior to comparative examples 1 and 2 and products sold in the market.
The modified aerogel is not added in the comparative example 1, the heat conductivity coefficient is increased, the compressive strength is reduced, and the impermeability grade is reduced, so that the air hole structure of the modified aerogel is favorable for improving the thermal insulation performance of the material and plays a role in buffering, the mechanical property of the material is improved, the material is better than the insolubility of the material in water, and the impermeability grade of the material is also favorable for improving. Compared with the prior art, the composite aluminosilicate polymer is not added in the comparative example 2, so that the heat conductivity coefficient is increased, the compressive strength is reduced, and the bonding strength is reduced. Therefore, the modified aerogel and the composite aluminosilicate polymer have a synergistic effect.
Compared with the prior art, the physical foaming agent is low-boiling-point liquid, has wide performance range, is gaseous low-boiling-point liquid at normal temperature and normal pressure, and has a boiling point lower than 110 ℃ at normal pressure. The polymer melt is in liquid state when it is injected under pressure, so that it is favourable for uniformly mixing foaming agent with polymer body, then the foaming agent in the polymer body is vaporized by reducing pressure to form air bubble. Azodicarbonamide is a general foaming agent with large gas evolution, can complete safe and rapid oxidation under low consumption to improve the physical properties and required organization structure of materials, can prepare various foaming products, can be used in combination with the physical foaming agent, can foam rapidly to generate uniform and fine air bubbles, thereby reducing the heat conductivity coefficient of the building materials and realizing the heat preservation effect;
for the polymerization process of the composite aluminosilicate polymer, which comprises 4 processes of dissolution, diffusion, polymerization and solidification, firstly, aluminosilicate minerals and alkaline exciting agents in aqueous solution are subjected to chemical reaction to generate water-soluble aluminum-containing monomers and silicon-containing monomers; dissolved monomers (e.g. AlO)4And SiO4Tetrahedron) to be uniformly diffused into the liquid phase; at a certain temperature, the aluminum-containing monomer and the silicon-containing monomer are subjected to polycondensation reaction to generate a gel phase; dissolving and diffusing between the gel phase and the residual reactants and moving the gel phase in a capillary to remove residual moisture and further solidify in a proper environment to form an aluminosilicate polymer; al (Al)2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder is prepared by mixing Al2O3The ZnO and the CaO are ball-milled and mixed uniformly to obtain composite nano powder, so that the flame retardant property and the heat insulation property of the material are improved remarkably; the aerogel is a highly porous material formed by removing a liquid solvent in the aerogel under the condition of keeping a three-dimensional network structure of the aerogel unchanged, has the properties of light weight, good heat insulation property, chemical resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the building material industryThe modified aerogel is obtained after carbonization and activation, so that the raw materials are wide and easy to obtain, the prepared aerogel is high in porosity, better in heat preservation, more stable in structure and better in impact resistance;
the invention adopts the foaming agent which almost has no pollution to the environment and the halogen-free flame retardant system, thereby realizing the purpose of environmental protection; through the matching of reaction raw materials such as a water reducing agent, a foaming agent and the like, the rapid foaming and curing are realized, the spraying process is suitable for the spraying process, and the production efficiency is improved;
according to the invention, through scientific and reasonable component proportion and simple process flow, the final heat-insulating material has good heat-insulating property, the temperature in a building is effectively ensured, the heat loss in the building is avoided, and the heat-insulating material has good use and popularization values.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (10)

1. The environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials: modified aerogel, diatomite and Al2O3-ZnO-CaO nanopowder, composite aluminosilicate polymer, foaming agent, thickening agent, water reducing agent, vermiculite powder, basalt, foaming graphite, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, polyether polyol, activated carbon, hydroxymethyl cellulose;
the modified aerogel is prepared by the following method: adding 1-5 parts by weight of glucomannan and 1 part by weight of soybean protein into 100 parts by weight of bionic extracting solution to react for 1-2h, inactivating enzyme at 105 ℃ for 10-15min at 100-;
the preparation method of the bionic extracting solution comprises the steps of adding 100U/g pepsin into 100mL of 0.1-0.2mol/L HCl solution, and stirring and dissolving to obtain the bionic extracting solution;
the composite aluminosilicate polymer is prepared by the following method: grinding aluminosilicate to be smaller than 100 meshes, soaking in 1-2mol/L KOH solution for 2-4h, filtering, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain aluminosilicate polymer with the particle size of 15-25 mu m, and drying to obtain composite aluminosilicate polymer;
the Al is2O3the-ZnO-CaO nano powder is prepared by the following method: respectively grinding aluminum oxide, zinc oxide and calcium oxide to below 100 meshes, uniformly mixing, feeding into a muffle furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere condition, heating to 850 ℃ at a high temperature, carrying out high-temperature activation sintering for 1-3h, cooling to room temperature, uniformly mixing by adopting a ball milling process to obtain Al with the particle size of 100-2O3-ZnO-CaO nanopowder;
the mass ratio of the aluminum oxide to the zinc oxide to the calcium oxide is 1:1-3: 1-5.
2. The environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings as claimed in claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-50 parts of modified aerogel, 15-25 parts of diatomite and Al2O310-20 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano powder, 50-100 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 1-3 parts of foaming agent, 1-5 parts of thickening agent, 0.5-2 parts of water reducing agent, 3-10 parts of vermiculite powder, 3-7 parts of basalt, 2-10 parts of foamed graphite, 1-3 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 1-4 parts of polyether polyol, 2-5 parts of activated carbon and 1-4 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
3. The environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings as claimed in claim 2, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of modified aerogel, 17-22 parts of diatomite and Al2O312-18 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano powder, 60-90 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 1.5-2.5 parts of foaming agent, 2-4 parts of thickening agent, 0.7-1.5 parts of water reducing agent, 5-9 parts of vermiculite powder, 4-6 parts of basalt, 4-8 parts of foamed graphite, 1.5-2.5 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, and polyether polyol2-3 parts of activated carbon, 3-5 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose and 2-4 parts of carboxymethyl cellulose.
4. The environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings as claimed in claim 3, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35 parts of modified aerogel, 20 parts of diatomite and Al2O315 parts of-ZnO-CaO nano powder, 75 parts of composite aluminosilicate polymer, 2 parts of foaming agent, 3 parts of thickening agent, 1 part of water reducing agent, 7 parts of vermiculite powder, 5 parts of basalt, 6 parts of foamed graphite, 2 parts of chlorosulfonated polyethylene, 2.5 parts of polyether polyol, 4 parts of activated carbon and 3 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose.
5. The environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the foaming agent is a combined foaming agent comprising a physical foaming agent and a chemical foaming agent, the physical foaming agent is dichlorotetrafluoroethane and trichlorotrifluoroethane, and the mass ratio of the dichlorotetrafluoroethane to the trichlorotrifluoroethane is 3: 1-3, wherein the chemical foaming agent is azodicarbonamide, and the weight ratio of the physical foaming agent to the chemical foaming agent is 1: 0.2-0.5.
6. The environment-friendly building thermal insulation material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickener is one or more selected from cellulose ether and its derivatives, alkali swelling thickeners, acrylic thickeners, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol, low molecular polyethylene wax, polyacrylamide, starch, pectin, xanthan gum, hydrogenated castor oil, organic bentonite, and polyphthalamide wax.
7. The environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the water reducing agent is selected from one or more of lignosulfonate, naphthalene sulfonate water reducing agent, melamine water reducing agent, powdery polycarboxylate, casein and polycarboxylic acid high-performance water reducing agent.
8. The environment-friendly heat-insulating material for buildings as claimed in claim 1, wherein the aluminosilicate is one or a mixture of metakaolin, slag, fly ash and silica fume.
9. A method for preparing the environment-friendly building thermal insulation material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises the following steps:
s1, mixing materials: putting the raw materials into a mixer, firstly mixing at a low speed for 30-50min, then raising the speed to a high speed for mixing for 10-30min, adding 10% of water based on the total weight of the raw materials when the temperature reaches 100 ℃ and 120 ℃, and fully mixing;
s2, extrusion forming: the mixture in the step S1 is put into a double-screw extruder, and extruded into a semi-finished product with the power of 30-50KW at the temperature of 220 ℃ and 240 ℃;
s3, forming: and (5) putting the semi-finished product obtained in the step (S3) into an ice-water mixture at the temperature of 0 ℃ for cold soaking to obtain the environment-friendly heat-insulating material for the building.
10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the low-speed mixing speed is 300-500r/min, and the high-speed mixing speed is 1000-1500 r/min.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113773650A (en) * 2021-07-30 2021-12-10 中国化工株洲橡胶研究设计院有限公司 Silicone rubber sponge and preparation method thereof
CN114249562A (en) * 2021-12-27 2022-03-29 北京仁创砂业铸造材料有限公司 Sintering-free porous ceramsite and preparation process thereof

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113773650A (en) * 2021-07-30 2021-12-10 中国化工株洲橡胶研究设计院有限公司 Silicone rubber sponge and preparation method thereof
CN114249562A (en) * 2021-12-27 2022-03-29 北京仁创砂业铸造材料有限公司 Sintering-free porous ceramsite and preparation process thereof

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