CN114573282A - 一种竹材增强地聚物复合板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种竹材增强地聚物复合板及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
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- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
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- C04B18/26—Wood, e.g. sawdust, wood shavings
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- C04B7/147—Metallurgical slag
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- C04B7/1535—Mixtures thereof with other inorganic cementitious materials or other activators with alkali metal containing activators, e.g. sodium hydroxide or waterglass
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种竹材增强地聚物复合板及其制备方法,原料包括以下重量份的组分:地聚物浆料:155‑220份;竹材:5‑30份;界面增容剂:0.5‑8份;所述界面增容剂包括氯化聚丙烯、聚丙烯酸酯微凝胶、遥爪型端羧基聚丁二烯和硅丙乳液。利用不同维度和不同尺度竹材的组合搭配对地聚物进行恰当的强韧调节,有效克服地聚物的脆性问题。利用硅丙乳液、液体橡胶、聚丙烯酸酯微凝胶和氯化聚丙烯配制高效界面增容剂,该界面增容剂不仅对竹材表面起到良好的浸润作用,还能与地聚物浆料形成大分子链段互穿,提升地聚物韧性,创新性地解决竹材与地聚物之间的界面结合问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于人造板技术领域,尤其涉及一种竹材增强地聚物复合板及其制备方法。
背景技术
地聚物是一种新颖的环保低碳型无机胶凝材料,被视为替代普通硅酸盐水泥的首要选择。在当前国家“双碳”政策要求下,正迎来了良好的发展机遇。地聚物具有力学强度高、生产成本低、制作工艺简单、耐高温性能突出、耐酸抗侵蚀、能吸附和固封有害物、环保无毒等优点,因而在筑路、隧道工程、建材、家居等领域得到广泛应用。然而,地聚物具有类似陶瓷材料的脆性,对其进行增强增韧改性可大大提升应用性能。
当前增强地聚物的方法主要有添加有机树脂、固体颗粒、纤维、碳纳米管等,其中天然植物纤维具有明显的生态优势。利用木纤维、棉纤维、麻纤维、秸秆纤维等增强地聚物已经被广泛报道,但这些植物纤维增强地聚物时均采用了单一纤维类型进行增强,而且普遍未关注复合材料的界面结合问题,导致增强效果极不显著。竹纤维是强度最高、综合性能最好的植物纤维,具备增强地聚物的最有利条件。按照形态尺寸不同,竹材可分为竹粉、竹刨花、竹片、竹纤维、竹纤维织物、竹编织物等,实践表明不同维度和尺度的竹材组合物可有效提高竹材增强复合材料的综合性能,目前极少采用竹材组合物作为增强材料制备地聚物复合材料的原因主要有三个:其一是总体来说,目前植物材料增强地聚物还处于初级研究阶段,很多未走向实际应用。其二是受传统浇筑成型技术限制,尺寸大的竹材在通过浇筑成型制备复合材料时,易出现物料和易性差、薄片状或长纤维状铺陈固定困难、物料分散不均匀,产品缺陷大的问题,因而实际研究中往往采用刨花、纤维一类尺寸较小的竹材进行研究;其三是竹材组合物增加了复合材料结构的复杂性,不便于理论研究。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,克服以上背景技术中提到的不足和缺陷,提供一种竹材增强地聚物复合板及其制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明提出的技术方案为:
一种竹材增强地聚物复合板,原料包括以下重量份的组分:
地聚物浆料:155-220份;
竹材:5-30份;
界面增容剂:0.5-8份;
所述界面增容剂包括氯化聚丙烯、聚丙烯酸酯微凝胶、遥爪型端羧基聚丁二烯和硅丙乳液。
优选的,所述界面增容剂包括体积分率为1-9%的氯化聚丙烯,体积分率为3-12%的聚丙烯酸酯微凝胶,体积分率25-40%的遥爪型端羧基聚丁二烯和体积分率为40-58%的硅丙乳液。
以上界面增溶剂综合在一起,氯化PP主要增加极性和黏附性;微凝胶主要增加力学性能和耐化学品性;遥爪型端羧基聚丁二烯通过羧基与处于碱性环境中的竹材中的羟基形成化学结合;硅丙乳液与无机地聚物浆料具有良好相容性,上述氯化PP、微凝胶及端羧基聚丁二烯在硅丙乳液中能良好混溶,从而可作为本申请竹材与地聚物的界面增容剂优选。
优选的,所述地聚物浆料由70-100份铝硅质粉料和85-120份水玻璃制备得到。铝硅质粉料与水玻璃结合,得到的地聚物力学性能优异,能够符合本申请的性能要求。
优选的,所述铝硅质粉料包括偏高岭土、高炉矿渣、粉煤灰、金属尾矿渣、赤泥、废砖粉、火山灰、煤矸石粉中的一种或几种。
优选的,所述水玻璃包括经过改性、模数为1.2-2.6的钠水玻璃、钾水玻璃、锂水玻璃的一种或几种。水玻璃的模数和种类影响对铝硅质粉料的激发活性,进而影响地聚合反应程度和产物的结构和性能。
优选的,所述竹材包括竹碎料和/或竹纤维;所述竹碎料包括竹粉、竹刨花、短竹纤维中一种或几种,所述竹纤维包括竹片、竹篾、竹原纤维、竹纤维织物、竹编织物中的一种或几种。以上竹材按照《竹产品术语》国际标准ISO 21625:2020中规定的竹粉、竹刨花、竹纤维、竹片、竹篾等定义分类。
更优选的,竹材为竹碎料和竹纤维。复合竹材同时具有大竹材的增强效果和小尺寸竹材的填充效果,具有更好的板材强度。
在同一个技术构思下,本发明还提供一种竹材增强地聚物复合板的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将界面增溶剂均匀喷洒在竹材表面,静置得到预处理竹材;
(2)制备地聚物浆料;
(3)将预处理竹材与地聚物浆料分散均匀,转移至模具中,铺装、锁模、压板、卸板、养护、裁切得到竹材增强地聚物复合板。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述静置为2-5分钟;步骤(2)中所述制备地聚物浆料为铝硅质粉料与水玻璃在常温下搅拌混合。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述转移至模具中的铺装方式根据竹材类别进行调整:
当竹材为竹碎料时,直接铺装平整;
当竹材为竹纤维时,在模具中按照浆料-竹材-浆料-竹材-浆料的结构层次铺装制作板坯;
当竹材为竹碎料与竹纤维复合时,首先将竹碎料与地聚物浆料混合均匀,得到竹碎料增强浆料,在模具中按照竹碎料增强浆料-竹材-竹碎料增强浆料-竹材-竹碎料增强浆料的结构层次铺装制作板坯。
优选的,步骤(3)中所述锁模1-6h,压板压力为1.0-4.5MPa,温度为室温~80℃,压制3-24h后卸板,继续在室温下养护至一定龄期,经锯切裁边后得到竹碎料增强地聚物复合板。一定龄期根据常规技术选择,通常指7d、14d、28d,测强度时需要指明是何龄期的强度。在实施例中,本申请给出的是养护至28d时的强度。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)利用不同维度和不同尺度竹材的组合搭配对地聚物进行恰当的强韧调节,有效克服地聚物的脆性问题。利用硅丙乳液、液体橡胶、聚丙烯酸酯微凝胶和氯化聚丙烯配制高效界面增容剂,该界面增容剂不仅对竹材表面起到良好的浸润作用,还能与地聚物浆料形成大分子链段互穿,提升地聚物韧性,创新性地解决竹材与地聚物之间的界面结合问题。同时利用模压成型技术可克服地聚物复合材料传统浇筑成型所带来的产品水胶比大、密实度低、缺陷率高等问题,制备的多维多尺度竹材增强地聚物复合板具有结构密实、高强轻质、保温隔热、耐腐蚀等性能特点。
(2)本发明所用主要原料均来源丰富、价格低廉、性能优良,保证了复合板的低成本、高强度和极高的性价比。本发明的多维多尺度竹材增强地聚物复合板制备工艺简便易操作,尺寸规格多样,可满足不同场合的应用需求。本发明与其他植物纤维增强地聚物复合板相比,具有界面处理技术先进,与多种基质地聚物浆料结合强,成型技术稳定的突出优点。适合于工业化推广和生产应用。
具体实施方式
为了便于理解本发明,下文将结合较佳的实施例对本发明做更全面、细致地描述,但本发明的保护范围并不限于以下具体实施例。
除非另有定义,下文中所使用的所有专业术语与本领域技术人员通常理解含义相同。本文中所使用的专业术语只是为了描述具体实施例的目的,并不是旨在限制本发明的保护范围。
除非另有特别说明,本发明中用到的各种原材料、试剂、仪器和设备等均可通过市场购买得到或者可通过现有方法制备得到。
实施例1
一种竹材增强地聚物复合板,原料包括以下重量份的组分:
地聚物浆料:155份;
竹材:5份;
界面增容剂:0.5份。
一种竹材增强地聚物复合板的制备方法,将0.5份界面增溶剂均匀喷洒在5份竹碎料(由质量分率为35%的竹粉和质量分率为65%的竹刨花组成)表面,静置2分钟后,得到预处理竹碎料。将70份偏高岭土和85份模数为1.5的钾水玻璃在常温下搅拌混合均匀,得地聚物浆料。将预处理竹碎料与地聚物浆料在搅拌机中分散均匀后,转移至模具中,铺装平整后锁模2h,之后置于人造板热压机上在压力为1.0MPa,室温压制24h后卸板,继续在室温下养护至28天,经锯切裁边后得到密度为1.74g/cm3的竹碎料增强地聚物复合板。
将竹材增强地聚物复合板静曲强度、弹性模量、内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率按GB/T17657-2013《人造板及饰面板理化性能试验方法》测试,其值分别为13.73MPa、3958MPa、1.74MPa和0.63%,达到优等品的标准。
实施例2
一种竹材增强地聚物复合板,原料包括以下重量份的组分:
地聚物浆料:220份;
竹材:30份;
界面增容剂:8份。
一种竹材增强地聚物复合板的制备方法,将8份界面增溶剂均匀喷洒在30份大竹材(由质量分率为22%的竹篾和质量分率为78%的纯竹纤维织物组成)表面,静置5分钟后,得到预处理大竹材。将100份铝硅质粉料(由质量分率为55%的偏高岭土、质量分率为27%的粉煤灰和质量分率为18%的高炉矿渣)和120份模数为1.7的钠水玻璃在常温下搅拌混合均匀,得地聚物浆料。在模具中按照浆料-竹材-浆料-竹材-浆料的结构层次制作板坯,锁模6h,之后置于人造板热压机上在压力为4.5MPa,80℃压制6h后卸板,继续在室温下养护至28天,经锯切裁边后得到密度为1.54g/cm3的竹材增强地聚物复合板。
将竹材增强地聚物复合板静曲强度、弹性模量、内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率按GB/T17657-2013《人造板及饰面板理化性能试验方法》测试,其值分别为22.19MPa、4430MPa、1.56MPa和1.28%,达到优等品的标准。
实施例3
一种竹材增强地聚物复合板,原料包括以下重量份的组分:
地聚物浆料:182份;
竹材:20份;
界面增容剂:5份。
一种竹材增强地聚物复合板的制备方法,将5份界面增溶剂均匀喷洒在20份竹材(由质量分率为74%的短竹纤维和质量分率为26%的竹篾织物组成)表面,静置3分钟后,得到预处理竹材。将85份铝硅质粉料(由质量分率为16%的铁尾矿粉、质量分率为10%的煤矸石粉、质量分率为35%的赤泥、质量分率为39%的火山灰组成)和97份模数为2.1的锂水玻璃在常温下搅拌混合均匀,得地聚物浆料。将预处理短竹纤维与地聚物浆料在搅拌机中分散均匀,得到竹纤维增强地聚物浆料,在模具中按照竹纤维增强浆料-竹篾织物-竹纤维增强浆料-竹篾织物-竹纤维增强浆料的结构层次制作板坯,锁模4h,之后置于人造板热压机上在压力为2.5MPa,60℃压制12h后卸板,继续在室温下养护至28天,经锯切裁边后得到密度为1.61g/cm3的竹纤维和竹篾织物联合增强地聚物复合板。
将竹材增强地聚物复合板静曲强度、弹性模量、内结合强度、吸水厚度膨胀率按GB/T17657-2013《人造板及饰面板理化性能试验方法》测试,其值分别为24.70MPa、4923MPa、1.66MPa和1.32%,达到优等品的标准。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征及本发明的优点,本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内,本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。
Claims (10)
1.一种竹材增强地聚物复合板,其特征在于,原料包括以下重量份的组分:
地聚物浆料:155-220份;
竹材:5-30份;
界面增容剂:0.5-8份;
所述界面增容剂包括氯化聚丙烯、聚丙烯酸酯微凝胶、遥爪型端羧基聚丁二烯和硅丙乳液。
2.如权利要求1所述的竹材增强地聚物复合板,其特征在于,所述界面增容剂包括体积分率为1-9%的氯化聚丙烯,体积分率为3-12%的聚丙烯酸酯微凝胶,体积分率25-40%的遥爪型端羧基聚丁二烯和体积分率为40-58%的硅丙乳液。
3.如权利要求1所述的竹材增强地聚物复合板,其特征在于,所述地聚物浆料由70-100份铝硅质粉料和85-120份水玻璃制备得到。
4.如权利要求1所述的竹材增强地聚物复合板,其特征在于,所述铝硅质粉料包括偏高岭土、高炉矿渣、粉煤灰、金属尾矿渣、赤泥、废砖粉、火山灰、煤矸石粉中的一种或几种。
5.如权利要求1所述的竹材增强地聚物复合板,其特征在于,所述水玻璃包括经过改性、模数为1.2-2.6的钠水玻璃、钾水玻璃、锂水玻璃的一种或几种。
6.如权利要求1所述的竹材增强地聚物复合板,其特征在于,所述竹材包括竹碎料和/或竹纤维;所述竹碎料包括竹粉、竹刨花、短竹纤维中一种或几种,所述竹纤维包括竹片、竹篾、竹原纤维、竹纤维织物、竹编织物中的一种或几种。
7.一种竹材增强地聚物复合板的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)将界面增溶剂均匀喷洒在竹材表面,静置得到预处理竹材;
(2)制备地聚物浆料;
(3)将预处理竹材与地聚物浆料分散均匀,转移至模具中,铺装、锁模、压板、卸板、养护、裁切得到竹材增强地聚物复合板。
8.如权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述静置为2-5分钟;步骤(2)中所述制备地聚物浆料为铝硅质粉料与水玻璃在常温下搅拌混合。
9.如权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述转移至模具中的铺装方式根据竹材类别进行调整:
当竹材为竹碎料时,直接铺装平整;
当竹材为竹纤维时,在模具中按照浆料-竹材-浆料-竹材-浆料的结构层次铺装制作板坯;
当竹材为竹碎料与竹纤维复合时,首先将竹碎料与地聚物浆料混合均匀,得到竹碎料增强浆料,在模具中按照竹碎料增强浆料-竹材-竹碎料增强浆料-竹材-竹碎料增强浆料的结构层次铺装制作板坯。
10.如权利要求7-9任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述锁模为1-6h,压板压力为1.0-4.5MPa,温度为室温~80℃,压制3-24h后卸板,继续在室温下养护至一定龄期,经锯切裁边后得到竹碎料增强地聚物复合板。
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