CN114571063A

CN114571063A - Side vertical type synchronous double-drive laser processing machine tool

Info

Publication number: CN114571063A
Application number: CN202210370733.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 刘鹏; 黄昭明; 刘千军; 樊艳峰
Original assignee: WUHAN HAN'S GOLDEN-SKY LASER SYSTEM CO LTD
Current assignee: WUHAN HAN'S GOLDEN-SKY LASER SYSTEM CO LTD
Priority date: 2022-04-11
Filing date: 2022-04-11
Publication date: 2022-06-03

Abstract

The invention discloses a side-standing type synchronous double-drive laser processing machine tool which comprises a tool body (1), a laser cabinet component (4) and an electrical cabinet component (5), wherein a tool body base (6) is arranged below the tool body (1), a Z shaft component is vertically arranged on the tool body (1), and an XY shaft component (3) is transversely arranged on the Z shaft component; a laser is arranged on the XY shaft component (3); the laser cabinet component (4) and the electrical cabinet component (5) are arranged on the periphery of the lathe bed (1); a control center for controlling the whole machine tool to work is arranged in the electric appliance cabinet component (5); the Z shaft assembly adopts a double-upright structure, each upright is provided with a corresponding drive, and the Z shaft assembly and the XY shaft assembly (3) form a synchronous double-drive gantry structure; the laser is a semiconductor coupled fiber laser. The laser processing machine tool has the beneficial effects of being capable of completing various functions of laser quenching, welding, cutting and the like of a large-scale plane die, small in size and good in structural stability.

Description

Side vertical type synchronous double-drive laser processing machine tool

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of laser processing machine tools, in particular to a side-standing type synchronous double-drive laser processing machine tool which can complete the functions of laser quenching, welding, cutting and the like of a large-scale plane die and integrates light, mechanical, electrical, refrigeration and material processing technologies.

Background

Since the laser processing machine can heat, melt, ablate, or even vaporize the material to perform the drilling, cutting, welding, and surface heat treatment based on the infrared radiation of the laser system and the inherent thermal effects of the material. And the laser processing is non-contact processing, the processing speed is high, the productivity is high, the time for drilling a small hole is about 0.1s, the heat affected zone is small, and the thermal deformation is small. The technology is more and more widely applied to the aspects of automobiles, aviation, aerospace, electronics, machinery, light industry and the like.

Taking laser quenching complete equipment in a laser processing machine tool as an example, laser quenching is also called laser phase change hardening heat treatment, regular strong laser beams are irradiated on the surface of a workpiece, the surface temperature of the workpiece is rapidly increased to be higher than the austenite transformation temperature and lower than the melting point, and the heated part and the inside of the workpiece carry out rapid heat exchange through the rapid movement of the laser beams, so that the cooling speed of the surface of the workpiece is extremely high to realize the transformation of martensite, and an extremely fine martensite structure is obtained. Because the laser phase change hardening adopts the working mode of rapid heating and rapid cooling, the compressive stress generated on the surface of a workpiece can reach more than 750Mpa, thereby enhancing the fatigue property of the material. At present, laser quenching is applied to the processing in the fields of automobile dies, gears, crankshafts, cylinders, piston rods, guide rails, rollers, shear blades and the like, and can effectively improve the wear resistance and service life of parts and improve the wear resistance and fatigue resistance. For example, the surface roughness is basically unchanged when the processed tooth surface of a large gear and the journal of a large shaft part are quenched, and the requirement of the actual working condition can be met without subsequent machining.

The laser quenching equipment in the market at present usually adopts a laser and a large multifunctional processing machine tool to combine to form complete equipment, and is characterized in that the laser quenching technology is simply combined with the general processing machine tool, so that the surface quenching of various parts can be realized, but the structure has certain limitation, the rapid movement and the on-site quenching can not be realized, and the laser quenching of a large plane die can not be finished; and has the defects of single function, poor structural stability, large occupied volume and the like.

In order to solve the above problems, the inventor of the present application has found a patent named as a movable laser quenching device through search, and the patent discloses a movable laser quenching device, which comprises a base body, a six-axis manipulator arranged on the base body, and a laser quenching head arranged at the tail end of the six-axis manipulator, wherein the base body is arranged on a moving mechanism, the moving mechanism comprises a moving platform, a roller arranged on the moving platform, and a driving source for driving the roller to rotate, and a supporting mechanism which moves in the vertical direction and is in contact with the ground is further arranged on the moving platform. The mobility problem of laser hardening device has been solved to this patent, but the function still is single, and the ascending displacement height in vertical direction is limited, and structural stability is on the low side.

The inventor of the application further searches for high-efficiency laser quenching equipment for cylindrical workpieces and invention patents of the use method of the high-efficiency laser quenching equipment, and also discloses laser quenching equipment, wherein the equipment adopts two sets of laser quenching components, a set of numerical control three-axis and a roller carrier for mounting the cylindrical workpieces, the cylindrical workpieces are sleeved on the roller carrier, each set of laser quenching component comprises a laser, a water cooling machine and a set of laser quenching heads, the laser is connected with the corresponding laser quenching heads through optical fibers, the laser and the laser quenching heads are connected with the corresponding water cooling machines through water pipes, and the laser quenching heads of the two sets of laser quenching components are arranged on the numerical control three-axis at intervals along the axial direction of the cylindrical workpieces. The patent scheme has high efficiency and good applicability to cylindrical workpieces. However, for large-scale planar molds, the motion amplitude and stability of the mold cannot be well adapted, and the functional diversity is relatively deficient.

In summary, a laser processing machine tool which can complete various functions of laser quenching, welding, cutting and the like of a large-scale plane die, and has small volume and good structural stability is lacked at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a side-vertical type synchronous double-drive laser processing machine tool which can complete multiple functions of laser quenching, welding, cutting and the like of a large-scale plane die and has small volume and good structural stability.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a side-standing type synchronous double-drive laser processing machine tool comprises a tool body, a laser cabinet component and an electrical cabinet component, wherein a tool body base is arranged below the tool body, a Z shaft component is vertically arranged on the tool body, and an XY shaft component is transversely arranged on the Z shaft component; a laser is arranged on the XY shaft component; the laser cabinet assembly and the electrical appliance cabinet assembly are arranged on the periphery of the lathe bed, and the laser cabinet assembly is used for ensuring the normal work of the laser; a control center for controlling the whole machine tool to work is arranged in the electric appliance cabinet assembly; the Z shaft assembly adopts a double-upright structure, each upright is provided with a corresponding drive, and the Z shaft assembly and the XY shaft assembly form a synchronous double-drive gantry structure; the laser is a semiconductor coupling fiber laser.

Preferably, the laser head on the laser is arranged on the XY shaft component through a laser support, and an optical fiber cable rack is further arranged above the laser support.

Preferably, the Z shaft assembly is matched with a group of counterweight assemblies, and each counterweight assembly comprises a counterweight wheel assembly, a steel cable, a winch and a counterweight block; one end of the steel cable is connected with the winch, and the other end of the steel cable penetrates through the counterweight component to be connected with the counterweight block.

Preferably, the laser is a laser of type LDM-6000-100 manufactured by Laserine, Germany; the laser head of the laser is a variable light spot laser head, and the optical fiber interface of the laser head is an LLK-D type interface.

Preferably, the laser cabinet assembly comprises a beam transmission and focusing system, the beam transmission and focusing system is used for conducting the laser beam emitted by the laser to the laser processing optical head through switching, the beam transmission and focusing system is composed of an optical fiber and a focusing optical head for focusing, and the optical head is installed on the machine tool.

Preferably, the laser cabinet assembly further comprises a temperature closed-loop control system, the system consists of a stable control unit and a pyrometer adapter, and the stable control unit is in signal connection with the pyrometer adapter and is used for realizing closed-loop control of the laser temperature.

Preferably, the electric appliance cabinet component comprises a special laser water chilling unit which adopts a special high-precision water chiller for a large family refrigerated HC250M laser and a double-temperature double-control high-water-quality laser water chilling unit.

Preferably, the electric appliance cabinet assembly further comprises an XYZ three-axis numerical control system, wherein the numerical control system is configured to control the laser to move within the following travel range: x × Y × Z =4000mm × 600mm × 3500 mm.

Preferably, the XYZ three-axis structure adopts gear rack and guide rail transmission, the Z adopts a gantry double-drive structural form, and the Z axis selects a servo motor with a brake function; the X axis is arranged on the Z-axis sliding plate, and the Y axis is arranged on the X-axis sliding plate; the laser head and the adjusting bracket thereof are arranged on the Y-axis sliding table and slide up and down, left and right along with the Y-axis sliding table.

Preferably, the system also comprises an integrated operating system, wherein the integrated operating system is used for integrating a numerical control part of the machine tool and a control part of the laser into one operating table; it also includes at least one hand-held control unit for remote control of the operator.

After adopting the structure, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the complete equipment comprises a semiconductor coupling fiber laser, a laser head, a conducting fiber, a water cooling unit special for the laser, a three-axis numerical control machine tool, an integrated control system, a stabilized voltage power supply and the like, and can finish laser surface treatment, welding, cutting and the like of plane parts. And each component part is a high stability part.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a side-standing type synchronous double-drive laser processing machine according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a side view of the structure of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic top view of the structure of fig. 1.

As shown in the figure: 1. the device comprises a lathe bed, 2, a ladder stand, 3, an XY shaft assembly, 4, a laser cabinet assembly, 5, an electric appliance cabinet assembly, 6, a lathe bed base, 7, a first lathe bed inclined rib, 8, an electric appliance cabinet supporting piece, 9, a Z-axis protective cover, 10, an X-axis protective cover, 11, a second lathe bed inclined rib, 12, a counterweight assembly, 13, a counterweight assembly, 14, a Z-axis protective cover fixing piece, 15, a Z-axis protective cover left positioning piece, 16, a Z-axis protective cover right positioning piece, 17, a steel cable, 18, an optical fiber cable rack, 19, a laser head, 20 and a laser support.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

With reference to the attached drawings 1 to 3, the side-standing type synchronous double-drive laser processing machine tool comprises a machine tool body 1, a laser cabinet assembly 4 and an electrical cabinet assembly 5, wherein a machine tool body base 6 is installed below the machine tool body 1, a Z shaft assembly is vertically installed on the machine tool body 1, and an XY shaft assembly 3 is transversely installed on the Z shaft assembly; a laser is arranged on the XY shaft component 3; the laser cabinet component 4 and the electrical cabinet component 5 are arranged on the periphery of the lathe bed 1, and the laser cabinet component 4 is used for guaranteeing the normal work of a laser; a control center for controlling the whole machine tool to work is arranged in the electric appliance cabinet assembly 5; the Z shaft assembly adopts a double-column structure, each column is provided with a corresponding drive, and the Z shaft assembly and the XY shaft assembly 3 form a synchronous double-drive gantry structure; the laser is a semiconductor coupling fiber laser.

Preferably, a laser head 19 on the laser is arranged on the XY shaft component 3 through a laser bracket 20, and an optical fiber cable rack 18 is arranged above the laser bracket 20.

Preferably, the Z-axis assembly is matched with a set of counterweight assemblies 12, and the counterweight assemblies 12 comprise counterweight wheel assemblies 13, steel cables 17, winches and counterweight blocks; one end of the cable 17 is connected to the winch and the other end is connected to the counterweight through the counterweight wheel assembly 13.

Preferably, the laser is a laser of type LDM-6000-100 manufactured by Laserine, Germany; the laser head 19 of the laser is a variable facula laser head, and the optical fiber interface of the laser head is an LLK-D type interface.

Preferably, the laser cabinet assembly 4 includes a beam delivery and focusing system for switching the laser beam from the laser to the laser processing head, the beam delivery and focusing system being configured to focus the optical fiber and the focusing head, the head being mounted on the machine tool.

Preferably, the laser cabinet assembly 4 further comprises a temperature closed-loop control system, the system is composed of a stable control unit and a pyrometer adapter, and the stable control unit is in signal connection with the pyrometer adapter and is used for realizing closed-loop control of the laser temperature.

Preferably, the electric appliance cabinet assembly 5 comprises a special laser water chilling unit, wherein the special laser water chilling unit adopts a special high-precision water chiller for a large-family refrigerated HC250M laser and a double-temperature double-control high-water-quality laser water chilling unit.

Preferably, the electric appliance cabinet assembly 5 further comprises an XYZ three-axis numerical control system, wherein the numerical control system is configured to control the laser to move within the following travel range: x × Y × Z =4000mm × 600mm × 3500 mm.

In specific implementation, the complete equipment comprises a semiconductor coupling optical fiber laser, a laser quenching optical head, a two-axis adjustable rectangular light spot optical head, a conducting optical fiber, a water cooling unit special for the laser, a three-axis numerical control machine tool, an integrated control system, a stabilized voltage power supply and the like, and can achieve the purpose of laser quenching of planar parts. Wherein the laser adopts a semiconductor laser originally imported from Laserine company of GermanyThe method is applied to surface hardening and has the following technical advantages: the electro-optic conversion rate is high, and electricity is saved; the volume is small, and portable processing can be realized; the stable short wavelength has a red light indicating function, and energy is absorbed more easily; contactless energy absorption, and the hardened part is not deformed; the energy absorption and hardening positioning are highly accurate; the treatment process is stable and controllable through heat conduction and automatic cooling; the crystal hardening structure is more excellent. The laser LDM6000-100 optical fiber coupling semiconductor laser can conduct laser to a workpiece through an optical fiber and an optical head, and the laser is far away from the workpiece and a working area, so that the laser is effectively protected. The laser has the characteristics of mature technology, small volume, compact structure and simple operation. The corresponding parameters are as follows: rated output power: 6 KW; output power regulation range: 0-6000W; output wavelength: 900nm-1070 nm; power instability: less than or equal to +/-2 percent; minimum beam diameter: mrad at 110 mm; the electro-optical conversion efficiency: less than or equal to 45 percent; laser power supply requirements: three-phase 380V (+ -10%), 50/60 Hz; maximum power consumption: 17.5 KW; maximum cooling requirement: 11.5 KW; working temperature: 10-40 ℃; working humidity: 10-80%/25 deg.C, 85%/35 deg.C; weight: about 110 kg; volume: 700mm x 500mm x 320mm³。

The beam transmission and focusing system is used for transmitting laser beams emitted by the laser to the laser processing optical head through switching, the beam transmission and focusing system is composed of optical fibers and a focusing optical head for focusing, and the optical head is installed on a machine tool. The optical fiber was imported from Laserline, Germany, at 1000 μ M, 30M. The interface adopts an LLK-D interface. The variable light spot laser head adopts an OTZ-5 type broadband focusing optical head originally imported by laserline company so as to meet the requirements of broadband laser quenching and broadband laser cladding processing and improve the processing efficiency of equipment. The relevant parameters are as follows: a focusing mode: transmission focusing; spot size: 8-64 x 8-64 mm. Focal length: 400 mm; a protection unit with air knife; laser quenching spot shape: a rectangle shape; comprises an optical fiber coupling unit, a collimating mirror shroud plate, a distortion lock bottom plate and a quick-release type protection plate.

The temperature closed-loop control principle of the temperature closed-loop control system is as follows: the collector is coaxially connected to the lens, and emits a beam of weak infrared laser when working, and then the temperature value of the center of the facula is calculated by detecting the return laser, and the working principle is similar to that of an infrared thermometer. And then the measured temperature data is compared with the set data to carry out closed-loop control on the laser, so that the working area keeps a certain temperature in the moving process. This adjustment time is short and the temperature difference is small until the movement is stabilized. Three parameters of PID are obtained after the signal Laplace changes, the actual value is enabled to be close to the target value quickly by adjusting the three parameters, and then the specific analog quantity is obtained by changing the signal Laplace reversely. The relevant parameters of the temperature measurement and the closed loop power control of the bicolor pyrometer are as follows: temperature range: about 450 ℃ to about 1500 ℃. Measuring time: from 0.1 ms to 20ms depending on the signal strength. The 635 nm indicating laser for adjusting the measuring position (x-y position) is a secondary laser, is connected with a laser, is integrated in the laser subject, and is not used as a separate 19-inch case. The contour measurement process management software (Linux) and the integrated flash disk are quickly backed up through a USB port, a multi-IO PCI card collects contour data, and a data outlet is based on Windows data. The individual sets the values of the upper and lower limits of the laser power, and the temperature corresponds to a constant temperature by process documentation and control of the laser power. The variable facula laser head and the temperature closed-loop control system are matched with a proper high-power laser to form a sharp device for large-scale plane quenching processing, so that the working efficiency can be greatly improved, and the processing quality can be ensured.

The special water chilling unit for the laser adopts a special precise water chiller for a large-family refrigerated HC250M laser, and the double-temperature double-control high-water-quality laser chilling unit cools the laser and is provided with two groups of cooling water, namely low-temperature water and normal-temperature water, so that the constant temperature requirements of a laser cavity and a light outlet are met. The water chiller consists of a refrigeration system, a water path system and an electrical system. The refrigerating system mainly comprises a compressor, a condenser (provided with a heat radiation fan), a throttling component and an evaporator, and when the refrigerator works normally, heat absorbed by the evaporator is radiated to the environment through the condenser. The waterway system is a high-cleanness circulating water system and is matched with a deionization device. A stainless steel cold water circulating pump is adopted. The electric control system mainly comprises a temperature control plate, a temperature sensor, a liquid level switch, a flow switch and the like, wherein the temperature control plate detects the water temperature in the water tank through the temperature sensor so as to control the starting and stopping of the refrigeration system. In order to ensure the safety of the refrigerating system, when the liquid level or the flow rate gives an alarm, the refrigerating system stops working and gives an alarm for prompting. The control system provides multiple protection functions, a passive alarm terminal and a remote control terminal, and is easy to realize the centralized control and monitoring of CNC.

The machine tool main body adopts a three-axis numerical control laser processing machine tool and a gantry type cantilever structure form, and the optical head makes XYZ three-axis linear motion on the Y-axis sliding plate. Machine tool main body stroke: x × Y × Z =4000mm × 600mm × 3500 mm; the walking speed of XYZ three axes is 0-5000 mm/min; positioning accuracy: plus or minus 0.1 mm; repeated positioning accuracy: plus or minus 0.1 mm; the XYZ three axes are driven by a gear rack and a guide rail; z adopts a gantry double-drive structural form, and a servo motor with a brake function is selected as a Z axis; the X axis is arranged on the Z-axis sliding plate, and the Y axis is arranged on the X-axis sliding plate; the optical head and the adjusting bracket thereof are arranged on the Y-axis sliding table and slide up and down, left and right along with the Y-axis sliding table; the two sides of the machine tool are provided with crawling ladders 2; the guide rail and the gear rack of the machine tool are both made of domestic brand products; the numerical control system selects a Siemens 808D alternating current servo system, is provided with four Siemens numerical alternating current servo motors, is matched with an integrated operating platform, and unifies the operation of a machine tool, a laser and the like; meanwhile, a handheld unit is arranged, so that the operation of keeping away from the operating platform is facilitated; the machine tool main body adopts a steel plate welding part, and all welding seams adopt artificial aging treatment to eliminate welding stress and reduce the deformation of the structure. The left side and the right side of an upright column on the machine tool base are respectively provided with a first machine tool body inclined rib 7 and a second machine tool body inclined rib 11; the electric appliance cabinet assembly is matched with an electric appliance cabinet support piece 8, a Z-axis protective cover 9 is installed on the periphery of a Z axis, and the Z-axis protective cover 9 is also matched with a Z-axis protective cover fixing piece 14, a Z-axis protective cover left positioning piece 15 and a Z-axis protective cover right positioning piece 16 which are matched structures for installing protective covers; an X-axis shield 10 is mounted on the periphery of the X-axis.

The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and the drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual configuration is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a synchronous two laser beam machining machine tools that drive of formula that inclines, its characterized in that: the laser cabinet component comprises a lathe bed (1), a laser cabinet component (4) and an electrical cabinet component (5), wherein a lathe bed base (6) is installed below the lathe bed (1), a Z shaft component is vertically installed on the lathe bed (1), and an XY shaft component (3) is transversely installed on the Z shaft component; a laser is arranged on the XY shaft component (3); the laser cabinet component (4) and the electrical appliance cabinet component (5) are arranged on the periphery of the lathe bed (1), and the laser cabinet component (4) is used for guaranteeing the normal work of a laser; a control center for controlling the whole machine tool to work is arranged in the electric appliance cabinet assembly (5); the Z shaft assembly adopts a double-upright-column structure, each upright column is provided with a corresponding drive, and the Z shaft assembly and the XY shaft assembly (3) form a synchronous double-drive gantry structure; the laser is a semiconductor coupling fiber laser.

2. The side-standing synchronous dual-drive laser processing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the laser head (19) on the laser is arranged on the XY shaft component (3) through a laser support (20), and an optical fiber cable rack (18) is further arranged above the laser support (20).

3. The side-standing synchronous dual-drive laser processing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the Z shaft assembly is matched with a group of counterweight assemblies (12), and each counterweight assembly (12) comprises a counterweight wheel assembly (13), a steel cable (17), a winch and a counterweight block; one end of the steel cable (17) is connected with the winch, and the other end of the steel cable passes through the counterweight component (13) to be connected with the counterweight block.

4. The side-standing synchronous dual-drive laser processing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the laser is an LDM-6000-100 type laser produced by Laserine company of Germany; the laser head (19) of the laser is a variable light spot laser head, and the optical fiber interface of the laser head is an LLK-D type interface.

5. The side-standing synchronous dual-drive laser processing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the laser cabinet assembly (4) comprises a beam transmission and focusing system, the beam transmission and focusing system is used for conducting laser beams emitted by a laser to a laser processing optical head through switching, the beam transmission and focusing system is composed of optical fibers and a focusing optical head for focusing, and the optical head is installed on a machine tool.

6. The side-standing synchronous dual-drive laser processing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the laser cabinet assembly (4) further comprises a temperature closed-loop control system, the system is composed of a stable control unit and a pyrometer adapter, and the stable control unit is in signal connection with the pyrometer adapter and used for achieving closed-loop control over the temperature of the laser.

7. The side-standing synchronous dual-drive laser processing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the electric appliance cabinet assembly (5) comprises a special laser water chilling unit which adopts a special high-precision water chiller for a large-family refrigerated HC250M laser and a double-temperature double-control high-water-quality laser water chilling unit.

8. The side-standing synchronous dual-drive laser processing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the electric appliance cabinet assembly (5) further comprises an XYZ three-axis numerical control system, and the numerical control system is used for controlling the laser to move in the following travel range: x × Y × Z =4000mm × 600mm × 3500 mm.

9. The side-standing synchronous dual-drive laser processing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the XYZ three-axis structure adopts gear rack and guide rail transmission, Z adopts a gantry double-drive structural form, and the Z axis selects a servo motor with an internal brake function; the X axis is arranged on the sliding plate of the Z axis, and the Y axis is arranged on the sliding plate of the X axis; the laser head (19) and the adjusting bracket thereof are arranged on the Y-axis sliding table and slide up and down, left and right along with the Y-axis sliding table.

10. The side-standing synchronous dual-drive laser processing machine according to claim 1, wherein: the system also comprises an integrated operating system, wherein the integrated operating system is used for integrating a numerical control part of the machine tool and a control part of the laser into one operating table; it also includes at least one hand-held control unit for remote control of the operator.