CN114571040A - Method for welding economizer pipe - Google Patents
Method for welding economizer pipe Download PDFInfo
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- CN114571040A CN114571040A CN202210196940.7A CN202210196940A CN114571040A CN 114571040 A CN114571040 A CN 114571040A CN 202210196940 A CN202210196940 A CN 202210196940A CN 114571040 A CN114571040 A CN 114571040A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
- B23K37/053—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/0026—Arc welding or cutting specially adapted for particular articles or work
- B23K9/0052—Welding of pipe panels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
- B23K2101/06—Tubes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
Abstract
The invention provides a method for welding an economizer pipe, which comprises the following steps: cleaning the periphery of a groove of an economizer pipe to be welded; determining a positioning welding point between two economizer pipes to be welded by adopting a spot welding mode; dividing the welding line into a plurality of layers, and welding layer by layer; during welding, the side far away from the positioning welding point faces the positioning welding point, and welding on the two semicircles is respectively completed; sequentially performing backing welding, filling welding and cover surface welding on two semicircles in the direction of the positioning welding point on the side far away from the positioning welding point; the welding method relates to the whole process procedures of pre-welding preparation, spot welding positioning, layered welding, backing welding, filling welding, cover surface welding and the like, and can be used in the training of simulated welding of a boiler economizer or the actual welding process; the method provides a complete basis for the training of the whole process of simulating the welding of the boiler economizer, and the method ensures the welding quality of the economizer pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to a method for welding an economizer pipe.
Background
The Economizer (the name Econozer in English) is a device which is arranged at the lower part of a flue at the tail part of a boiler and is used for recovering the waste heat of exhausted smoke, the water fed by the boiler is heated into a heating surface of saturated water under the pressure of a steam drum, and the Economizer is called as the Economizer because the Economizer absorbs the heat of high-temperature smoke, reduces the exhaust smoke temperature of the smoke, saves energy and improves the efficiency; the steel pipe type economizer is not limited by pressure, can be used as a boiling type economizer and is generally made of carbon steel pipes with the outer diameter of 32-51 mm. Fins and fins are sometimes added to the tube to improve heat transfer. The steel pipe type economizer consists of parallel elbow pipes (commonly called coiled pipes) which are horizontally arranged; when the economizer is installed, maintained and the like, the quality and the service life of the economizer are directly determined by welding the economizer pipe.
The inventor finds that in an actual welding environment, when the economizer pipe is welded, welding quality cannot be guaranteed due to insufficient welding experience of a welder or imperfect welding process, and service quality and service life of the economizer are seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for welding an economizer pipe, which aims to solve the problems and relates to the whole processes of preparation before welding, spot welding positioning, layered welding, backing welding, filling welding, cover surface welding and the like, and the method can be used in the training of simulated welding of a boiler economizer or the actual welding process; the method provides a complete basis for training the simulation welding overall process of the boiler economizer, and the method ensures the welding quality of the economizer pipe.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a method for welding an economizer pipe, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a method of welding an economizer tube, comprising:
cleaning the periphery of a groove of an economizer pipe to be welded;
determining a positioning welding point between two economizer pipes to be welded by adopting a spot welding mode;
dividing the welding line into a plurality of layers, and welding layer by layer; during welding, the side far away from the positioning welding point faces the positioning welding point, and welding on the two semicircles is respectively completed;
and sequentially performing backing welding, filling welding and cover surface welding on the two semicircles in the direction of the side far away from the positioning welding point to the positioning welding point.
Furthermore, before welding, one end of the welding material is polished to be conical.
Further, before spot welding, fixing the two economizer pipes to be welded by using a pair of pliers; the positioning welding points are positioned right above.
Further, during spot welding, argon arc welding is adopted, the welding current is 80A-105A, the arc voltage is 8-10V, and the welding speed is 70-80 mm per minute.
Furthermore, when welding layer by layer, a mode of welding the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe is adopted; when the first semicircle welding is carried out, firstly, arc striking is carried out from a point right below the economizer pipe, and the arc is closed to a position 90 degrees in the first direction, and then the arc is welded to a position right above the economizer pipe from a joint at the arc closing position on the economizer pipe; and after the first semicircle welding is finished, performing second semicircle welding, starting arc from a point right below the economizer pipe, closing the arc at a position of 90 degrees in the second direction, and welding the arc at a joint at the arc closing position above the economizer pipe to the arc closing position right above the economizer pipe.
Furthermore, during backing welding, a mode of welding the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe is adopted; after arc closing is finished below the economizer pipe, when welding is carried out from the upper surface of the economizer pipe, an electric arc is ignited at a position with a preset distance below an arc closing position, a welding gun swings transversely, welding wires are not filled, and when the position reaches an arc closing point, an original welding line is heated and melted and then is filled with wires for welding.
Furthermore, during backing welding, the welding gun swings transversely and stops on the left side and the right side of the welding line.
Furthermore, during backing welding, the welding current is 80-100A, the arc voltage is 11-12V, and the welding speed is 60-70 mm per minute.
Furthermore, during filling welding, a mode of welding the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe is adopted, the welding current is 80-100A, the arc voltage is 11-14V, and the welding speed is 60-70 mm per minute.
Furthermore, during cover surface welding, a mode of welding the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe is adopted, after welding is finished, the economizer pipe is wrapped by a heat insulation material for slow cooling, and the heat insulation material is removed after the economizer pipe is cooled to room temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the welding method provided by the invention relates to the whole process of preparation before welding, spot welding positioning, layered welding, backing welding, filling welding, cover surface welding and the like, can be used in the training of simulated welding of the boiler economizer or the actual welding process, provides a complete basis for the training of the whole process of simulated welding of the boiler economizer, and improves the welding quality by adopting a mode of welding towards the direction of the positioning welding point at one side far away from the positioning welding point and a method of dividing the welding line into multiple layers and welding layer by layer during welding;
2. in the welding process, the mode of welding the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe is adopted, so that the problem of blocking of welding of the adjacent pipeline of the economizer pipe to be welded in the welding process is solved, and the welding method for the economizer structure is provided.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof, are included to provide a further understanding of the present embodiments, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present embodiments and together with the description serve to explain the present embodiments without unduly limiting the present embodiments.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a polished welding material in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a welded joint of a welded test piece according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the positioning welding spot position of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of weld delamination in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a welding sequence in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic view of fill welding in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
Example 1:
the embodiment provides a method for welding an economizer pipe, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing before welding, and mainly cleaning the periphery of the groove of the economizer pipe to be welded;
in this embodiment, the specific content of the pre-welding preparation may be: the steel grade can be selected as follows: 12Cr1MoV, specification
2, cutting the root; the grade and specification of the welding material can be as follows: the welding wire is TIG-R31,
the tungsten electrodes WCe-20 are,
grinding into the shape and size of fig. 2 before use, such as grinding one end of the welding material into a cone; the purity of the argon is more than or equal to 99.9 percent.
As shown in fig. 3, the groove pattern in this embodiment may be a butt V-groove, with a groove face angle of 32 ° ± 1 °; the welding position can be fixed horizontally; the welding material ensures no rust and oil stain; grinding the test piece groove and the two sides of the inner wall and the outer wall within 10mm to obtain metallic luster; the temperature of the welding environment can be 10-28 ℃, and the humidity is less than 60%; the specimen cleaning may be: and (3) cleaning oil stain, rust and burrs within the range of 20mm on two sides of the groove of the test piece and on the periphery of the pipeline by using a bottle type internal grinding machine and an angle grinder until the metal luster is ground. The test piece assembly is shown in fig. 3, the truncated edge is 0.5-1mm, and the assembly gap is 2.5-3.0 mm.
S2, positioning welding, wherein a positioning welding spot is determined between two economizer pipes to be welded mainly in a spot welding mode;
as shown in FIG. 4, after one end of a pipe is positioned, the pipe can be spot-welded on a placed simulated welding frame or a corresponding part in an actual welding environment in a welding mode, the simulated welding frame can be a frame welded by section steel, the pipe at the other end is assembled by using a pair of pliers, a proper gap is left, the test piece is heated to about 200 ℃ and 250 ℃ by using oxyacetylene flame, and then spot welding is carried out right above the pipeline, namely 12 points of a clock position, wherein the length of a welding point is about 10 mm.
In the embodiment, the welding quality of the positioning welding spot needs to be ensured, and the defects of cracks, slag inclusion, cold shrinkage cavity, incomplete penetration and the like are avoided; in order to weld the two ends of the head positioning welding line, a slope is repaired in advance, and the slope can also be welded during welding; the welding specification parameters are shown in table 1:
s3, dividing the welding line into a plurality of layers, and welding layer by layer; during welding, welding on two semicircles is respectively completed on one side far away from the positioning welding point in the direction of the positioning welding point;
as shown in fig. 5, during formal welding, in this embodiment, the weld level may be 3 layers of 3 welds; the temperature between welding layers can be controlled at 250-300 ℃, and welding parameters can be selected or improved conventionally according to spot welding parameters or actual requirements;
the welding sequence is as shown in fig. 6, and the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe are welded; when the first semicircle welding is carried out, firstly, arc striking is carried out from a point right below the economizer pipe, and arc is closed at a position 90 degrees in the first direction, and then, arc closing is carried out from a joint at the arc closing position above the economizer pipe and is welded to the position right above the economizer pipe; after the first semicircle welding is finished, performing second semicircle welding, starting arc from a point right below the economizer pipe, stopping arc at a position 90 degrees in the second direction, and then welding the arc to a position right above the economizer pipe from a joint at the arc stopping position above the economizer pipe; specifically, when each layer is welded, 2 welders can be configured to perform welding, the welders can hold guns with right hands and perform wire filling with left hands, the 2 welders perform welding on the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe respectively, the lower person performs welding firstly, arcs are initiated from the position right below the economizer pipe, namely 6 points, to the arc ending at the position 3 points, and the upper person performs welding from the joints at the position 3 points to the arc ending at the position 12 points; and then another half circle is welded, the lower person welds from the joint at the point 6 to the left to be arc-off at the point 9, the upper person welds from the joint at the point 9 to be arc-off at the point 12, and the welding is finished. And by parity of reasoning, the welding of the three layers of welding seams is completed.
S4, backing welding;
in the embodiment, a mode of welding the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe is adopted; after arc closing is finished below the economizer pipe, when welding is carried out from the upper surface of the economizer pipe, an electric arc is ignited at a preset distance below an arc closing position, a welding gun transversely swings without filling a welding wire, and when the position reaches an arc closing point, an original welding line is heated and melted and then is filled with the welding wire for welding; during welding, 2 welders can be configured to perform wire filling, the welders can hold the gun with the right hand and the left hand, and the 2 welders perform welding on the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe respectively;
specifically, as shown in fig. 6, manual tungsten argon arc welding (GTAW) is adopted; the welding bead is single-layer and single-pass welding; adopting high-frequency arc striking, putting the end part of a welding gun at the inner side of the groove from 6 points of a clock position by a person below the economizer pipe, and striking the arc by pressing a switch; after the electric arc is ignited, melting the truncated edges on the two sides of the groove, and then adding wires for welding; in the welding process, the welding gun swings transversely, the welding gun stays at the left side and the right side properly, and the wire filling action is stable; welding the arc to a barrier, namely, stopping the arc at the position of 3 points, and punching a molten hole when the arc is stopped;
a welder above the economizer pipe can ignite an electric arc at a position 5-6mm below the arc, the welding gun transversely swings, a welding wire is not filled, and the position is brought to a 3-point position, so that the electric arc heats and melts the original welding line and then is filled with the wire for welding; the staying time of the electric arc at the two sides of the joint part is properly prolonged so as to be beneficial to smooth transition of the root of the joint; the other half circle is welded as above; the welding parameters are shown in table 2:
s5, filling welding, namely, welding the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe;
in the embodiment, the filling welding adopts manual tungsten argon arc welding (GTAW); the welding bead is single-layer and single-pass welding; a continuous wire feeding method is adopted, arc striking is carried out by a person below an interlayer temperature economizer pipe of a welding seam from 6 points of an overhead welding part, welding wires are refilled in a molten pool after the welding seam is melted, a welding gun swings transversely, the swinging frequency and the welding speed of the welding gun are high, the energy and the interlayer temperature are mainly controlled, a groove cannot be damaged in the welding process, the depth of about 0.5-1mm is reserved by taking the edge of the groove as a datum line, the foundation is laid for a cover surface, and arc is drawn when the welding is carried out to 3 points.
As shown in fig. 7, during welding, 2 welders can be configured to perform welding, the welders can hold the gun with the right hand and perform wire filling with the left hand, and the 2 welders perform welding on the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe respectively; a welder above the economizer pipe can draw an arc 3-5mm before the arc pit to the arc pit, the position of about 3 points, the welding gun and the welding wire are filled for welding after the welding seam is melted, the welding gun and the welding wire change along with the change of the welding position, and the ending part of the welding seam can be lapped and connected with an arc 5-10 mm; the other half circle is welded as above; the welding parameters are shown in table 3:
s6, performing cover surface welding, namely welding the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe;
in the embodiment, manual tungsten argon arc welding (GTAW) is adopted; the welding bead is single-layer and single-pass welding; replacing a ground tungsten electrode, wherein the welding gun operation and welding wire feeding method are basically the same as the filling layer welding, the angle of the welding gun on the cover surface is important, and the angle between the welding gun and the two sides of the test piece is 90 degrees, and the angle between the welding gun and the welding advancing direction is about 120-130 degrees; during welding, 2 welders can be configured to perform wire filling, the welders can hold the gun with the right hand and the left hand, and the 2 welders perform welding on the upper side and the lower side of the economizer pipe respectively; a welder below the economizer tube uses high-frequency arc striking at 6 points of a clock position to melt a welding seam and then fill welding wires into a molten pool, the welding wires are always placed in the middle of the molten pool by adopting a continuous wire feeding method, and a welding gun transversely swings to bring molten iron to the edges of two sides of a groove and melt the edges of the groove for 0.5-1.0mm for a little pause so that the molten iron and a base metal are well melted; particularly, the retention time of the edge of the inner groove is slightly long, the swinging action is uniform, the swinging stop is clear, the wire feeding speed is determined according to the shape and the size of a molten pool, the welding wire is always positioned in an argon protection area, and the arc is closed when the welding wire is welded to the position of 3 points.
A welder above the economizer pipe can start an arc 3-5mm before the arc pit and draw the arc to the arc pit, the position of the arc is about 3 points, the welding seam is melted and then is filled with wires for welding, a welding gun and a welding wire change along with the change of the welding position, the arc pit is filled up when the welding gun and the welding wire are welded to the position 12 points of a clock, and the arc can be continuously lapped forwards by 5-10 mm; after welding, wrapping the plate by using a heat-insulating material for slow cooling, cooling to room temperature, and removing the heat-insulating rock wool; the other half circle is welded as above; the welding parameters are shown in table 4:
the welding method in the embodiment relates to the whole process of pre-welding preparation, spot welding positioning, layered welding, backing welding, filling welding, cover surface welding and the like, and can be used in the training or actual welding process of simulated welding of a boiler economizer; a complete basis is provided for the training of the whole process of simulating welding of the boiler economizer, and the method ensures the welding quality of the economizer pipe; the embodiment simulates or realizes the actual field tool frame and welding process, provides technical support for field welding, improves the welding one-time qualification rate of the economizer pipe, saves a large amount of time and money for enterprises, and brings huge benefits.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present embodiment should be included in the protection scope of the present embodiment.
Claims (10)
1. A method of welding an economizer tube, comprising:
cleaning the periphery of a groove of an economizer pipe to be welded;
determining a positioning welding point between two economizer pipes to be welded by adopting a spot welding mode;
dividing the welding line into a plurality of layers, and welding layer by layer; during welding, the side far away from the positioning welding point faces the positioning welding point, and welding on the two semicircles is respectively completed;
and sequentially performing backing welding, filling welding and cover surface welding on the two semicircles in the direction of the positioning welding point on the side away from the positioning welding point.
2. The welding method of an economizer tube according to claim 1, wherein one end of the welding material is ground to be tapered before welding.
3. The economizer tube welding method according to claim 1, wherein before the spot welding, two economizer tubes to be welded are fixed by using a pair of jaws; the positioning welding points are positioned right above.
4. The welding method of the economizer tube according to claim 3, wherein during the spot welding, argon arc welding is adopted, the welding current is 80A-105A, the arc voltage is 8-10V, and the welding speed is 70-80 mm per minute.
5. The welding method of an economizer tube according to claim 3, wherein the welding is performed layer by welding the upper and lower sides of the economizer tube; when the first semicircle welding is carried out, firstly, arc striking is carried out from a point right below the economizer pipe, and arc is closed at a position 90 degrees in the first direction, and then, arc closing is carried out from a joint at the arc closing position above the economizer pipe and is welded to the position right above the economizer pipe; and after the first semicircle welding is finished, performing second semicircle welding, starting arc from a point right below the economizer pipe, closing the arc at a position of 90 degrees in the second direction, and welding the arc at a joint at the arc closing position above the economizer pipe to the arc closing position right above the economizer pipe.
6. The welding method of an economizer tube according to claim 5, wherein the backing welding is performed by welding the upper and lower sides of the economizer tube; after arc closing is finished below the economizer pipe, when welding is carried out from the upper surface of the economizer pipe, an electric arc is ignited at a position with a preset distance below an arc closing position, a welding gun swings transversely, welding wires are not filled, and when the position reaches an arc closing point, an original welding line is heated and melted and then is filled with wires for welding.
7. The welding method for an economizer tube according to claim 6, wherein the welding torch is swung in a lateral direction to perform a stopping operation on both left and right sides of the weld during the backing welding.
8. The economizer tube welding method according to claim 6, wherein in the backing welding, the welding current is 80-100A, the arc voltage is 11-12V, and the welding speed is 60-70 mm per minute.
9. The welding method of an economizer tube as claimed in claim 5, wherein the filling welding is performed by welding the upper and lower sides of the economizer tube at a welding current of 80-100A, an arc voltage of 11-14V and a welding speed of 60-70 mm per minute.
10. The welding method of the economizer pipe as claimed in claim 5, wherein the welding is performed by welding the upper and lower sides of the economizer pipe, wrapping the economizer pipe with a heat insulating material for slow cooling after the welding is completed, and removing the heat insulating material after the economizer pipe is cooled to room temperature.
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