CN114568443A - 一种用于杂交稻栽培的功能肥及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种用于杂交稻栽培的功能肥及其使用方法 Download PDF

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CN114568443A
CN114568443A CN202210257082.2A CN202210257082A CN114568443A CN 114568443 A CN114568443 A CN 114568443A CN 202210257082 A CN202210257082 A CN 202210257082A CN 114568443 A CN114568443 A CN 114568443A
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马鹏
阿什日轨
冯婷煜
周宁宁
周林
黄正
张琪
张荣萍
陶诗顺
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Abstract

本发明提供一种用于杂交稻栽培的功能肥,其原料包括:有效组份I和有效组份II;其中,所述有效组份I包括:吡唑醚菌酯和超级磷钾;所述有效组份II包括:赤霉素、吡唑醚菌酯、超级磷钾。本发明提供的功能肥在孕穗‑齐穗期施用增产效果明显,相比于对照增产16.27%。

Description

一种用于杂交稻栽培的功能肥及其使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及农业种植技术领域,尤其涉及一种用于杂交稻栽培的功能肥及其使用方法。
背景技术
国内外关于功能肥对水稻影响的研究,多在适播适栽条件下进行,且以功能肥对产量的影响为主,而关于孕穗期穗期施用功能肥对直播水稻产量形成的影响研究尚少。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决上述现有技术存在的缺陷,提供一种用于杂交稻栽培的功能肥及其使用方法。
一种用于杂交稻栽培的功能肥,其原料包括:有效组份I和有效组份II;
其中,所述有效组份I包括:吡唑醚菌酯和超级磷钾;所述有效组份II包括:赤霉素、吡唑醚菌酯、超级磷钾。
进一步地,如上所述的于杂交稻栽培的功能肥,所述有效组份I采用2ml吡唑醚菌酯+10g超级磷钾,加300ml水配制而成。
进一步地,如上所述的于杂交稻栽培的功能肥,所述有效组份II采用0.2g赤霉素+2ml吡唑醚菌酯+10g超级磷钾,加300ml水配制而成。
进一步地,如上所述的于杂交稻栽培的功能肥,所述赤霉素其有效含量为75%;所述吡唑醚菌酯其有效含量为25%。
如上任一所述的功能肥的使用方法,包括:取所述有效组份I50ml与450ml水混合进行喷施,孕穗期喷施1次,齐穗期喷施1次;
取所述有效组份II50ml与450ml水混合进行喷施,孕穗期喷施1次,齐穗期喷施1次。
有益效果:
本发明提供的功能肥在孕穗-齐穗期施用增产效果明显,相比于对照增产16.27%。在孕穗齐穗期施功能肥增产原因:物质积累上,提高水稻齐穗期干物质积累量及高效叶面积指数,促进抽穗后茎鞘和叶片的物质输出;穗粒结构上,增加水稻的穗长、一次枝梗上的颖花数和总颖花数、以及一次枝梗和二次枝梗上的结实率。
附图说明
图1为不同配方功能肥对天优华占高效叶面积指数的影响柱状图;
图2为不同配方功能肥对泸两优晶灵高效叶面积指数的影响柱状图;
图3为在孕穗期和齐穗期施不同配方功能肥对天优华占在齐穗期和成熟期的高效叶面积指数柱状图;
图4为在孕穗期和齐穗期施不同配方功能肥对泸两优晶灵在齐穗期和成熟期的高效叶面积指数柱状图;
图5为天优华占对水稻产量及其构成因素、收获指数的影响柱状图;
图6为泸两优晶灵对水稻产量及其构成因素、收获指数的影响柱状图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面对本发明中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明通过试验研究孕穗期穗期施不同配方功能肥对水稻穗部性状、产量形成的影响,为夏直播水稻生殖生长期营养调控、稳穗状籽提供实践参考。
试验以天优华占(三系杂交籼稻)和泸两优晶灵(两系杂交籼稻)为试验材料。选用11种功能肥,以喷施清水为对照(表1),共12个处理。在水稻孕穗期和齐穗期按表1所列进行不同功能肥喷施处理,研究该时期施不同配方功能肥对水稻生育时期、高效叶面积指数、齐穗后0-28天剑叶叶绿素含量、地上部干物质积累量与转运量、穗长、收获指数等产量形成指标的影响。
试验材料
水稻品种选用三系杂交稻天优华占和两系杂交稻泸两优晶灵为试验水稻品种;功能性肥料选用3种具有提高作物结实率和籽粒充实作用的市售功能肥组合和8种自配套餐型功能性肥组合,共11个功能肥处理,以不施用功能肥为对照(详见表1)
表1试验用功能肥使用方法
Figure BDA0003549055430000031
Figure BDA0003549055430000041
注:每小区的面积均为10m2。
表2试验用功能肥药品信息
Figure BDA0003549055430000042
Figure BDA0003549055430000051
表3实验用功能肥的药品成分
Figure BDA0003549055430000052
研究目标:筛选出对水稻增产优势明显的孕穗齐穗期施用的复合配方功能肥。
不同配方功能肥水稻生育进程的影响
由图1、图2可知,在孕穗期和齐穗期对天优华占和泸两优晶灵进行不同配方功能肥处理,与CK相比,11个处理下水稻的播抽-期、抽-熟期和全生育期均未达到显著性水平。说明试验选择的功能肥不影响水稻的播-抽期、抽-熟期及全生育期。
由图3、图4可知,在孕穗期和齐穗期施功能肥后显著影响参试品种在齐穗期和成熟期的高效叶面积指数(齐穗期F=36.60**、成熟期F=22.81**)。
在齐穗期,天优华占和泸两优晶灵在11个处理下的高效叶面积指数均高于CK处理,除天优华占在B7处理、泸两优晶灵在B4、B5、B7处理较CK不显著增加外,两品种在其余处理下较CK分别显著增加7.28%-21.29%、8.12%-20.00%;且不同处理间高效叶面积均以B8处理最高,B2、B3处理次之。
在成熟期,两品种在11种功能肥处理下的叶面积指数也均高于CK,除天优华占在B7处理、泸两优晶灵在B2、B4、B5、B7处理较CK不显著增加外,两品种在其余处理叶面积指数较CK显著增加,增幅分别为5.98%-25.64%、9.65%-23.68%;不同处理间高效叶面积指数也均以B8处理最高,B2、B3处理次之。结果分析说明在孕穗期和齐穗期叶面喷施不同功能肥对高效叶面积指数的影响差异较大,该时期施用合适的功能肥如B2、B3、B8可以显著提高水稻齐穗期和成熟期的叶面积指数,从而增加齐穗期的光合作用面积。
不同配方功能肥对水稻齐穗后剑叶叶绿素含量的影响
由表5可知,各处理下天优华占和泸两优晶灵在齐穗后0-28d剑叶的叶绿素含量均呈下降趋势,且在21-28d下降幅度加剧。与CK相比,各处理在0-14d叶绿素含量无显著差异,但在齐穗后21d-28d叶绿素含量表现出较大差异,两品种在齐穗21d的剑叶叶绿素含量分别较CK增加4.29%-12.88%、6.00%-17.33%;在齐穗28d的剑叶叶绿素含量分别较CK增加4.67%-24.30%、2.97%-23.76%。说明在孕穗齐穗期喷施功能肥具有延缓叶片衰老、进而延长剑叶光合作用时间、促进光合产物积累的作用。
表5不同功能肥处理下水稻齐穗0-28d剑叶叶绿素含量(mg/g)
Figure BDA0003549055430000061
Figure BDA0003549055430000071
不同配方功能肥对水稻地上部干物质积累量的影响
从表6可知,2个参试水稻品种的穗部干物质积累量从齐穗期到成熟期均呈增加的趋势,而茎鞘、叶片干物质积累量从齐穗期到成熟期降低;且施功能肥后的齐穗期的茎叶穗、成熟期的叶穗干物质积累量、及齐穗期到成熟期的茎叶和穗部干物质转运量与CK相比均有显著差异(F值分别为15.72**、5.5**、5.67**、8.35**、32.93**、7.48**、23.58**)。在齐穗期,不同处理下天优华占的茎鞘、叶片、籽粒干物质积累量分别较CK增加1.72%-8.41%、1.30%-16.23%、2.02%-23.12%;泸两优晶灵的茎鞘、叶片、穗部干物质积累量分别较CK增加3.90%-12.18%、2.01%-15.37%、0.30%-14.59%;11种功能肥中,均以B8处理下总干物质积累量最高,两品种分别增加11.85%和13.50%,B2、B3处理次之。在成熟期,植株茎鞘干物质积累量较CK减少3.46%-10.58%、0.39%-9.64%,而叶片干物质积累量较CK增加2.53%-20.64%、2.16%-22.76%,穗部干物质积累量表现也与叶片积累量类似,分别较CK增加3.73%-17.80%、0.29%-15.41%;11种功能肥下,也以B8处理下总干物质积累量最高,两品种分别增加9.71%和9.98%,B2、B6处理次之。
从齐穗期到成熟期茎叶和穗部的干物质转运量来看,11种功能肥处理均可增加两参试水稻的茎叶干物质转运量,增幅为6.99%-53.68%、11.99%-44.83%;穗部干物质转运量也分别增加4.00%-16.64%、0.17%-15.57%;转运量也以B2、B6、B8处理下表现较好。结果分析可见,功能肥可以明显增加天优华占齐穗期茎、叶、穗和成熟期叶片、籽粒的干物质积累量以及营养器官转运量,但不同功能肥处理下干物质积累量的增幅有显著差异,其中以B8处理效果最好;同时不同功能肥处理也会影响籽粒干物质积累量,同样以B8处理效果好。
表6穗期和齐穗期施不同功能肥后水稻地上部干物质积累和转运情况
Figure BDA0003549055430000081
不同配方功能肥对水稻穗长的影响
如图5、图6所示,在孕穗期和齐穗期施功能肥后,不同功能肥对天优华占和泸两优晶灵穗长的影响类似,各处理均可增加水稻的穗长,两品种穗长分别较CK均增加0.20cm-1.10cm、0.27cm-1.16cm,但不同处理下其穗长增幅有一定差异,其中B1、B3等处理对水稻穗长的增加优势较明显。说明试验选用的11种功能肥均可增加参试水稻的穗长,且相同功能肥对穗长的增幅在不同品种间存在一定差异。
由表7可知,11种功能肥处理下,天优华占和泸两优晶灵的产量变幅分别为7813.33~8750.01kg/hm2、8622.06-9793.48kg/hm2,所有处理分别较CK增产6.83%-18.21%、1.06%-14.59%,其中市售功能肥以B2处理增产效果最好,产量增幅达17.02%、11.29%;自配功能肥以B8增产效果最好,分别增产18.21%、14.59%;B6增产效果次之,分别增产16.09%、10.20%。
从产量性状看,与CK相比,孕穗期和齐穗期施用功能肥对两品种的有效穗无显著影响;对每穗着粒数而言,天优华占在B1、B2、B6、B8处理、泸两优晶灵在B2、B6、B8处理下每穗着粒数均显著增加,而其余处理对每穗着粒数无显著影响;11种处理下两品种的结实率分别增加了5.38%-8.37%、1.33%-3.58%;千粒重除天优华占在B2、B4、B9、B10处理、泸两优晶灵在B6、B7、B9、处理下显著增加外,其余处理于CK间差异不显著;从收获指数来看,所有处理均较CK增加;说明孕穗期和齐穗期施不同功能肥主要是通过增加水稻的每穗着粒数、结实率和千粒重来提高水稻产量。
表7不同功能肥对水稻产量及其构成因素、收获指数的影响
Figure BDA0003549055430000091
不同配方功能肥对水稻一次枝梗和二次枝梗结实率、千粒重的影响
由表8可知,在孕穗期和齐穗期各叶面喷施一次功能肥,与CK相比,两品种的一次枝梗结实率分别增加2.60%-5.27%、0.94%-4.13%;二次枝梗上的结实率分别增加了6.81%-11.90%、1.51%-4.40%;各处理下一次枝梗上的千粒重与CK无显著差异,而二次枝梗上的千粒重表现出较大差异,其中天优华占在B2、B4、B9、B10处理、泸两优晶灵在B4、B6、B7、B9这4个处理下显著增加,其余处理对该部分千粒重影响不大。说明该时期施功能肥可以在保证一次枝梗上千粒重的前提下,增加水稻一次枝梗和二次枝梗上的结实率,且功能肥对结实率偏低的品种天优华占表现出更明显的增加优势。
表8各处理下水稻一次枝梗和二次枝梗结实率、千粒重
Figure BDA0003549055430000101
结论:
B8(自配套餐5)这种功能肥配方在孕穗-齐穗期施用的功能肥增产效果明显,相比于对照增产16.27%。在孕穗齐穗期施功能肥增产原因:物质积累上,提高水稻齐穗期干物质积累量及高效叶面积指数,促进抽穗后茎鞘和叶片的物质输出;穗粒结构上,增加水稻的穗长、一次枝梗上的颖花数和总颖花数、以及一次枝梗和二次枝梗上的结实率。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于杂交稻栽培的功能肥,其特征在于,其原料包括:有效组份I和有效组份II;
其中,所述有效组份I包括:吡唑醚菌酯和超级磷钾;所述有效组份II包括:赤霉素、吡唑醚菌酯、超级磷钾。
2.根据权利要求1所述的于杂交稻栽培的功能肥,其特征在于,所述有效组份I采用2ml吡唑醚菌酯+10g超级磷钾,加300ml水配制而成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的于杂交稻栽培的功能肥,其特征在于,所述有效组份II采用0.2g赤霉素+2ml吡唑醚菌酯+10g超级磷钾,加300ml水配制而成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的于杂交稻栽培的功能肥,其特征在于,所述赤霉素其有效含量为75%;所述吡唑醚菌酯其有效含量为25%。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的功能肥的使用方法,其特征在于,包括:取50ml所述有效组份I与450ml水混合进行喷施,孕穗期喷施1次,齐穗期喷施1次;
取50ml所述有效组份II与450ml水混合进行喷施,孕穗期喷施1次,齐穗期喷施1次。
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