CN114567384B - Universal silicon-based photon millimeter wave/terahertz chip and transmission system and method thereof - Google Patents

Universal silicon-based photon millimeter wave/terahertz chip and transmission system and method thereof Download PDF

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CN114567384B
CN114567384B CN202210145441.5A CN202210145441A CN114567384B CN 114567384 B CN114567384 B CN 114567384B CN 202210145441 A CN202210145441 A CN 202210145441A CN 114567384 B CN114567384 B CN 114567384B
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CN114567384A (en
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胡亮
仇子昂
吴龟灵
陆梁军
周林杰
陈建平
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/90—Non-optical transmission systems, e.g. transmission systems employing non-photonic corpuscular radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29—Repeaters
    • H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
    • H04B10/801—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water using optical interconnects, e.g. light coupled isolators, circuit board interconnections
    • H04B10/802—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water using optical interconnects, e.g. light coupled isolators, circuit board interconnections for isolation, e.g. using optocouplers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
    • H04B10/806—Arrangements for feeding power
    • H04B10/807—Optical power feeding, i.e. transmitting power using an optical signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
    • H04J14/0215—Architecture aspects
    • H04J14/0217—Multi-degree architectures, e.g. having a connection degree greater than two
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/06—Polarisation multiplex systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

The utility model provides a photon millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip of general silicon-based integration, the chip can realize carrying out the lock amplification to photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal that receives from the preceding stage link, and the signal after the amplification partly can return the input, can divide into multichannel simultaneously and transmit to next stage link. The user end of the next-stage link adopts the same chip to lock and amplify the received signals and then returns the signals to the local end, the local end detects the phase difference between the round-trip optical frequency signals and the local optical frequency, and the phase noise introduced by the transmission link in forward transmission photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals is compensated by controlling the working frequency of a frequency shifter formed by the double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators, so that the user end obtains optical frequency signals with stable phase. The invention realizes photon millimeter wave/terahertz transmission by utilizing the silicon-based optoelectronic integrated chip and has the advantages of simple system structure, low overall noise, compact structure, simple package and high reliability.

Description

Universal silicon-based photon millimeter wave/terahertz chip and transmission system and method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to optical fiber time and frequency transmission, in particular to a general silicon-based integrated photon millimeter wave and terahertz transmission chip, a system and a transmission method thereof.
Background
Deep space exploration, distributed radar and data communication are evolving towards higher frequency bands (millimeter wave and terahertz). Millimeter wave/terahertz is located in the traditional transition region of infrared and microwave, and is a frequency band with important scientific significance and prospect in electromagnetic spectrum. In recent years, the development of millimeter wave and terahertz related technologies provides a series of innovation schemes for the front fields of communication, imaging detection, electronic countermeasure, environment monitoring, medical monitoring, safety inspection and the like. Millimeter wave and terahertz have the characteristics of high carrier frequency, large communication capacity, good penetrability, low photon energy, no biological ionization and the like. Meanwhile, vibration and rotation energy levels of many molecules correspond to the frequency band of terahertz/millimeter waves. Based on the characteristics, the millimeter wave/terahertz technology is necessary to obtain revolutionary breakthrough in the fields of remote imaging detection, remote sensing, spectrum analysis, biomedicine, high-speed wireless communication and the like.
In a distributed system, hundreds or thousands of array elements need a large number of distributed transmitting, receiving and controlling networks, which needs a large number of microwave devices and cables, so that the system has limited bandwidth, large volume, high power consumption and easy electromagnetic interference, and the requirements of long-distance and low-phase noise transmission of high-frequency signals are difficult to meet. The optical device has the advantages of wide band, low loss, small volume, light weight, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like. Therefore, the introduction of fiber distribution technology in phased array radar systems has become a trend. In addition, in both radioastronomical detection systems and radar systems, the distance between the antenna arrays is relatively long, and in order to ensure the resolution of the system, the phase of the signals after being transmitted for a certain distance needs to be kept stable. Therefore, it is important to be able to assign highly stable millimeter wave/sub millimeter wave local oscillator reference signals to each antenna. However, the millimeter wave/sub-millimeter wave signal has a theoretical problem and technical difficulty different from other frequency bands due to a higher frequency. Optical millimeter wave/terahertz transmission based on optical fibers is considered as an effective solution for realizing large-range high-precision optical millimeter wave/terahertz transmission due to the characteristics of high stability and low loss of the optical fibers. Because of the adoption of discrete devices, the system has larger out-of-band noise, and a complex temperature control system is required to realize high-precision millimeter wave/terahertz transmission of the optical carrier.
The integration of the frequency transfer system on-chip using photonic integration technology seems to reduce the effect of out-of-band noise, akatsuka et al integrate the laser repeater on a PLC chip, but since the refractive index difference of the PLC is large, the size of the optical device integrated on the chip is large, and there is a limit to COMS-compatible optoelectronic integration. [ see Akatsuka, T., goh, T., imai, H., oguri, K., ishizawa, A, ushima, I, ohmae, N., takamoto, M., katori, H., hashimoto, T.and Gotoh, H.,2020.Optical frequency distribution using laser repeater stations with planar lightwave circuits.Optics express,28 (7), pp.9186-9197 ]
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a general silicon-based photon millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip aiming at the defects of the prior art and work. The chip has the advantages of small size, low noise, compact structure, simple packaging, high reliability and general use of the transmitting end and the relay.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a photon millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip of general silicon-based integration which is characterized in that the chip comprises a first Y-shaped optical coupler and an optical power distribution unit;
The 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first Y-shaped coupler are connected with two input lasers, the 1 st port of the first Y-shaped coupler is connected with the input port of the optical power distribution unit, and the N output ports of the optical power distribution unit are respectively connected with a first optical path, a second optical path, a third optical path, … … and an Nth optical path, wherein the second optical path, the third optical path, … … and the Nth optical path are the same;
the first light path comprises a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, a second Y-shaped optical coupler, a polarization control unit, a third Y-shaped optical coupler, a first wavelength division multiplexing unit, a first photoelectric detection unit and a second photoelectric detection unit; the 1 st port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit, and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit are respectively connected with the 3 rd port of the second Y-type coupler and the 2 nd port of the third Y-type coupler; the 1 st port and the 2 nd port of the second Y-shaped coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the polarization control unit and the 3 rd port of the third Y-shaped coupler; the 1 st port of the third Y-shaped coupler is connected with the 1 st port of the first wavelength division multiplexing unit (7); the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first wavelength division multiplexing unit are respectively connected with the optical input ports of the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit; the 2 nd port of the polarization control unit is connected with a transmission link or a photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal output by the upper stage;
The second optical path comprises a second wave-division multiplexing unit, a fourth Y-shaped optical coupler, a first frequency shifter unit, a second polarization rotation beam splitting unit, a fifth Y-shaped optical coupler, a third photoelectric detection unit, a sixth Y-shaped optical coupler, a seventh Y-shaped optical coupler, a second frequency shifter unit, a third polarization rotation beam splitting unit, an eighth Y-shaped optical coupler and a fourth photoelectric detection unit; the 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit is connected with the 1 st port of the second wavelength division multiplexing unit, and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the second wavelength division multiplexing unit are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the fourth Y-type optical coupler and the 1 st port of the seventh Y-type optical coupler; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the fourth Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the first frequency shifter unit and the 2 nd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler; the 2 nd port of the first frequency shifter unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the third photoelectric detection unit and the 2 nd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the seventh Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the second frequency shifter unit and the 2 nd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler; the 2 nd port of the second frequency shifter unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the eighth Y-type optical coupler are respectively connected with the fourth photoelectric detection unit and the 2 nd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 2 nd port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler; the 1 st port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler is connected with a transmission link or a photon millimeter wave/terahertz receiving end;
The Nth optical path comprises an Nth wavelength division multiplexing unit and so on;
the first Y-type optical coupler, the optical power distribution unit, the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the second Y-type optical coupler, the polarization control unit, the third Y-type optical coupler, the first wavelength division multiplexing unit, the first photoelectric detection unit, the second wavelength division multiplexing unit, the fourth Y-type optical coupler, the first frequency shifter unit, the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the fifth Y-type optical coupler, the third photoelectric detection unit, the sixth Y-type optical coupler, the seventh Y-type optical coupler, the second frequency shifter unit, the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the eighth Y-type optical coupler, the fourth photoelectric detection unit and the Nth wavelength division multiplexing unit are integrated on a chip.
The first wavelength division multiplexing unit, the second wavelength division multiplexing unit and the N wavelength division multiplexing unit comprise a first adjustable micro-ring filter, a second adjustable micro-ring filter and 1 connecting waveguide, the input end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter and the output end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter are used as the input end and the output end of the double micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing unit, the output end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the input end of the connecting waveguide, and the input end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the output end of the connecting waveguide; the first adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with radius of 10 micrometers and 2 straight waveguides, and a titanium nitride-based metal thermal resistance structure is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and is used for adjusting phase difference; the second adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with radius of 8 micrometers and 2 straight waveguides, and a titanium nitride-based metal thermal resistance structure is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and is used for adjusting phase difference.
The first Y-type optical coupler, the second Y-type optical coupler, the third Y-type optical coupler, the fourth Y-type optical coupler, the fifth Y-type optical coupler, the sixth Y-type optical coupler (the seventh Y-type optical coupler and the eighth Y-type optical coupler) are realized by adopting a directional coupler, a multimode interferometer or a Y-branch waveguide structure.
The first frequency shifter unit and the second frequency shifter unit comprise two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators, 1 optical beam splitter, 1 optical beam combiner and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the optical beam splitter and the output end of the optical beam combiner are used as the input end and the output end of the frequency shifter; the input ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are connected with the two output ends of the optical combiner, and the output ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are respectively connected with the input ports of the thermal phase shifters; the output ports of the thermal phase shifters are respectively connected with the two input ports of the optical beam splitter; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the Mach-Zehnder modulator comprises 1 optical combiner, 1 optical beam splitter and two connecting waveguides, wherein a phase shifter based on a PIN diode is integrated on each waveguide and used for loading a modulation signal, and a phase shifter based on a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure is also integrated and used for adjusting proper phase difference; the optical combiner and the optical beam splitter can be realized by adopting a multimode interferometer combination or a directional coupler structure.
The first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit comprise a gradual change ridge waveguide and an asymmetric directional coupler; the input end of the gradual change ridge waveguide is the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the output end of the gradual change ridge waveguide is connected with the input end of the asymmetric directional coupler; the output end of the asymmetric directional coupler is used as the output end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the gradual change ridge waveguide introduces mode hybridization due to asymmetric height direction structure, and can convert input TM0 polarized light into TE1 mode by designing proper waveguide size, and TE0 polarized light is kept unchanged; the asymmetric directional coupler comprises two gradual change type strip waveguides, and the TE1 mode of the upper waveguide is matched with the TE0 mode of the lower waveguide through the reasonable design of the waveguide size, so that the separation of the TE1 mode and the TE0 mode is realized; thus, the input TM0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitter and is output from the lower output port, and the polarization is rotated to TE0; the input TE0 polarized light is output from the upper output port after passing through the polarization rotating beam splitter, and the polarization state is kept unchanged.
The polarization control unit comprises a polarization rotation beam splitter, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the polarization controller is connected with the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the two output ends of the polarization rotation beam splitter are respectively connected with the two input ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; two output ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are used as output ends of the polarization controller; the two thermal phase shifters are integrated on one connecting waveguide of the polarization rotation beam splitter and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the other one is integrated on one waveguide arm in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the polarization rotation beam splitter and the polarization rotation beam splitting unit adopt the same structure; the thermal phase shifters adopt a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure, and the polarization direction of any input light can be adjusted and controlled by adjusting the phase shifting quantity of the two thermal phase shifters.
The optical power distribution unit comprises first Mach-Zehnder modulators to Nth Mach-Zehnder modulators, first optical beam splitters to Nth optical beam splitters, and first thermal phase shifters to Nth thermal phase shifters; the input end of the first optical beam splitter is used as the input end of the optical power distribution unit; the two output ends of the first optical beam splitter are connected with the two input ends of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the output ports of the Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively connected with the input ports of the thermal phase shifter; the output port of the thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the input ports of the second optical beam splitter and the third optical beam splitter, and the optical power distribution unit structure of 1 multiplied by N is obtained by analogy; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the beam splitter may be implemented using multimode interferometer combinations or directional coupler structures.
The invention also provides a silicon-based photon millimeter wave and terahertz transmission system, which comprises a local end, a transmission link and a user end; the method is characterized in that the local end and the user end both comprise the photon millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip integrated by the general silicon base;
and simultaneously, the other part of the two optical wave signals after being locked by the local lasers enter a second optical path and are divided into two paths after passing through a demultiplexer, and the two paths of signals respectively pass through a frequency shifting unit. One path of frequency shifting unit is controlled by a voltage-controlled oscillator, and the other path of frequency shifting unit is controlled by an arbitrary frequency reference source. The two paths of signals with terahertz intervals are subjected to frequency shift and then are combined to enter the transmission link, the signals reflected by the user side are subjected to two photoelectric detection units, the frequency difference between the round-trip optical frequency signals and the local optical frequency signals is detected, and the working frequencies of the two frequency shifters are controlled to compensate phase noise introduced by the transmission link in forward transmission photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals, so that the user side obtains optical frequency signals with stable phases;
When the user terminal receives millimeter wave/terahertz signals, the millimeter wave/terahertz signals enter two photoelectric detection units of the first optical path through the first optical path to be detected, so that the two paths of optical wave signals input to the user terminal and the outputs of the two local lasers are respectively locked with each other to realize signal amplification. And one part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal returns to the optical fiber link to be transmitted to the main end, and the other part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal is used as a local signal to be transmitted to the next stage through a second optical path or converted into a millimeter wave/terahertz signal after being subjected to local photoelectric conversion.
The invention also provides a silicon-based photon millimeter wave and terahertz transmission method using the system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
at the local end, the two paths of optical signals to be transmitted are respectively
Figure GDA0004228623360000051
Figure GDA0004228623360000052
Wherein the difference between the two angular frequencies and phases is matched to the frequency and phase of the millimeter wave, i.e. ω 1 -ω 2 ＝ω mmW ，/>
Figure GDA0004228623360000053
The two paths of light wave signals input to the main end are demultiplexed by the first polarization control unit, the second Y-shaped optical coupling unit, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the first wavelength demultiplexing unit and then respectively enter the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit. The signals output by the two local lasers are combined through the first Y-shaped optical coupling unit, the combined signals are demultiplexed through the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the first wave demultiplexing multiplexing unit and then respectively enter the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit, thus the two optical wave signals input to the main end and the signals output by the two local lasers can be respectively locked to realize the amplification of the signals, and the angular frequencies of the two optical wave signals locked by the local lasers are omega respectively 1 +ω a And omega 2 +ω a The initial phases are +.>
Figure GDA0004228623360000061
And->
Figure GDA0004228623360000062
Meanwhile, after the local laser is locked, two paths of optical wave signals are distributed to a main end transmission branch through a first Y-shaped optical coupling unit and an optical power distribution network, the two paths of optical signals are demultiplexed by a second wavelength division multiplexing unit and are divided into two paths, and one path of signals output after passing through a fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit and a first frequency shifting unit are recorded as E 3 The other path of signals output after passing through the seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the second frequency shifting unit are marked as E 4 The signal expression is as follows:
Figure GDA0004228623360000063
Figure GDA0004228623360000064
wherein the first frequency shift unit is controlled by a voltage controlled oscillator, and the angular frequency and the compensation phase are omega respectively l And
Figure GDA0004228623360000065
the second frequency shift unit is provided by any frequency reference source, and has angular frequency and phase of omega respectively l And->
Figure GDA0004228623360000066
Said E 3 、E 4 The signals respectively pass through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit, are combined by the sixth Y-type optical coupling unit, then pass through a transmission link, enter the user end, and the signals received by the user end can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0004228623360000067
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
Figure GDA0004228623360000068
and->
Figure GDA0004228623360000069
The phase noise introduced by the two paths of optical wave signals in the transmission of the optical fiber link is respectively. The two paths of optical wave signals input to the user side are also demultiplexed by the first polarization control unit, the second Y-shaped optical coupling unit, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the first wavelength demultiplexing unit and then respectively enter the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit. The output signals of the two lasers at the user side pass through The first Y-shaped optical coupling unit, the optical power distribution network, the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the first wavelength division multiplexing unit are demultiplexed and then enter the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit respectively. The two paths of light wave signals input to the slave end and the outputs of the local two paths of lasers are respectively locked mutually to amplify the signals, and the millimeter wave/terahertz signals of the photon waves locked by the local lasers at the slave end can be expressed as follows:
Figure GDA00042286233600000610
wherein omega r And
Figure GDA00042286233600000611
the reference frequency and the phase of the optical phase-locked loop at the user side are respectively. And one path of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal passes through the fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit, the first frequency shifting unit and the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit, and the other path of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal passes through the seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit, the second frequency shifting unit and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit and then passes through the sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit to be combined and then used as a local signal to be transmitted to the next stage or converted into the millimeter wave/terahertz signal after being subjected to local photoelectric conversion. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz two-path light wave of the user terminal can be expressed as follows after beat frequency:
Figure GDA0004228623360000071
The signal reflected by the user terminal is divided into two paths after being received by the sixth Y-type optical coupling unit in the local terminal after passing through the optical fiber link: one path of signals enters the third photoelectric detection unit through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit and the fifth Y-shaped optical coupling unit and is beaten and filtered by a local laser output signal, and the output signal is recorded as E 8 Another way is passed throughThe third polarization rotation beam splitting unit and the eighth Y-shaped optical coupling unit enter the fourth photoelectric detection unit and output signals of the local laser after beat frequency and filtering are recorded as E 9 The signal expression is as follows:
Figure GDA0004228623360000072
Figure GDA0004228623360000073
by combining two intermediate frequency signals E 8 And E is connected with 9 After the sidebands are removed through frequency mixing, the driving frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is controlled through the servo controller, so that:
Figure GDA0004228623360000074
at this time, a photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal with stable phase can be obtained at the user side
Figure GDA0004228623360000075
Figure GDA0004228623360000076
Similarly, if the photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signals are required to be distributed to a plurality of users, the optical power distribution unit can be utilized to distribute the optical signals to N optical branches, and the signals to be transmitted are simultaneously transmitted to N user terminals by the method, so that the photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal transmission of multiple nodes is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) The invention integrates the connected wave-division multiplexing unit, optical power distribution unit, optical coupling unit, frequency shift unit, polarization control unit and photoelectric detection unit on the same chip, and has small chip size, low power consumption, low noise and high stability. The frequency transmission system formed by the traditional discrete devices is integrated on the same chip, so that the noise influence caused by optical fiber connection between the discrete devices is greatly reduced, and the design cost of the system is saved.
2) The phase noise of the transmission link is converted to the radio frequency signal to be processed in a double heterodyne detection mode, and the phase noise introduced in the transmission link can be compensated in an electric domain through simple frequency division, frequency mixing, filtering, phase locking and other processes, so that stable photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal transmission is realized, and the system is simple and high in reliability.
3) The chip can realize the locking amplification of the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal received from the upper-level link, and part of the amplified signal can return to the input end and can be divided into multiple paths for transmission to the lower-level link. The user end of the next-stage link adopts the same chip to lock and amplify the received signals and returns the signals to the local end, so that the chip is a universal silicon-based photon millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a general silicon-based photonic millimeter wave and terahertz transmission chip of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a general silicon-based photonic millimeter wave and terahertz transmission system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples and drawings, the present examples are provided on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific working procedures are given, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
The universal silicon-based photon millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip comprises a first Y-shaped optical coupler and an optical power distribution unit, wherein the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first Y-shaped coupler are connected with two input lasers; the 1 st port of the first Y-shaped coupler is connected with the input port of the optical power distribution unit; the optical power distribution unit is provided with N output ports which are respectively connected with N optical paths, and the optical paths from the 2 nd output port to the N th output port are the same;
the 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit is connected with a 1 st optical path, the 1 st optical path comprises a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the 1 st port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit, and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit are respectively connected with the 3 rd port of the second Y-type coupler and the 2 nd port of the third Y-type coupler; the 1 st port and the 2 nd port of the second Y-shaped coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the polarization control unit and the 3 rd port of the third Y-shaped coupler; the 1 st port of the third Y-shaped coupler is connected with the 1 st port of the first wavelength division multiplexing unit; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first wavelength division multiplexing unit are respectively connected with the optical input ports of the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit; the 2 nd port of the polarization control unit is connected with a photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal output by the upper stage of the transmission link;
The 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit is connected with a 2 nd optical path, the structure of the 2 nd optical path comprises a second wavelength division multiplexing unit, the 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit is connected with the 1 st port of the second wavelength division multiplexing unit, and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the second wavelength division multiplexing unit are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the fourth Y-type optical coupler and the 1 st port of the seventh Y-type optical coupler; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the fourth Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the first frequency shifter unit and the 2 nd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler; the 2 nd port of the first frequency shifter unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the third photoelectric detection unit and the 2 nd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the seventh Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the second frequency shifter unit and the 2 nd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler; the 2 nd port of the second frequency shifter unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the eighth Y-type optical coupler are respectively connected with the fourth photoelectric detection unit and the 2 nd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 2 nd port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler; and the 1 st port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler is connected with a transmission link or a photon millimeter wave/terahertz detection unit.
All of the components are integrated on the same insulating silicon substrate.
The first wavelength division multiplexing unit, the second wavelength division multiplexing unit and the N wavelength division multiplexing unit comprise a first adjustable micro-ring filter, a second adjustable micro-ring filter and 1 connecting waveguide, the input end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter and the output end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter are used as the input end and the output end of the double micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing unit, the output end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the input end of the connecting waveguide, and the input end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the output end of the connecting waveguide; the first adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with radius of 10 micrometers and 2 straight waveguides, and a titanium nitride-based metal thermal resistance structure is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and is used for adjusting phase difference; the second adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with radius of 8 micrometers and 2 straight waveguides, and a titanium nitride-based metal thermal resistance structure is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and is used for adjusting phase difference.
The first Y-type optical coupler, the second Y-type optical coupler, the third Y-type optical coupler, the fourth Y-type optical coupler, the fifth Y-type optical coupler, the sixth Y-type optical coupler, the seventh Y-type optical coupler and the eighth Y-type optical coupler can be realized by adopting a directional coupler, a multimode interferometer or a Y-branch waveguide structure.
The first frequency shifter unit and the second frequency shifter unit comprise two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators, 1 optical beam splitter, 1 optical beam combiner and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the optical beam splitter and the output end of the optical beam combiner are used as the input end and the output end of the frequency shifter; the input ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are connected with the two output ends of the optical combiner, and the output ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are respectively connected with the input ports of the thermal phase shifters; the output ports of the thermal phase shifters are respectively connected with the two input ports of the optical beam splitter; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the Mach-Zehnder modulator comprises 1 optical combiner, 1 optical beam splitter and two connecting waveguides, wherein a phase shifter based on a PIN diode is integrated on each waveguide and used for loading a modulation signal, and a phase shifter based on a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure is also integrated and used for adjusting proper phase difference; the optical combiner and the optical beam splitter can be realized by adopting a multimode interferometer combination or a directional coupler structure.
The first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit comprise a gradual change ridge waveguide and an asymmetric directional coupler; the input end of the gradual change ridge waveguide is the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the output end of the gradual change ridge waveguide is connected with the input end of the asymmetric directional coupler; the output end of the asymmetric directional coupler is used as the output end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the gradual change ridge waveguide introduces mode hybridization due to asymmetric height direction structure, and can convert input TM0 polarized light into TE1 mode by designing proper waveguide size, and TE0 polarized light is kept unchanged; the asymmetric directional coupler comprises two gradual change type strip waveguides, and the TE1 mode of the upper waveguide is matched with the TE0 mode of the lower waveguide through the reasonable design of the waveguide size, so that the separation of the TE1 mode and the TE0 mode is realized; thus, the input TM0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitter and is output from the lower output port, and the polarization is rotated to TE0; the input TE0 polarized light is output from the upper output port after passing through the polarization rotating beam splitter, and the polarization state is kept unchanged.
The polarization control unit comprises a polarization rotation beam splitter, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the polarization controller is connected with the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the two output ends of the polarization rotation beam splitter are respectively connected with the two input ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; two output ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are used as output ends of the polarization controller; the two thermal phase shifters are integrated on one connecting waveguide of the polarization rotation beam splitter and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the other one is integrated on one waveguide arm in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the thermal phase shifters adopt a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure, and the polarization direction of any input light can be adjusted and controlled by adjusting the phase shifting quantity of the two thermal phase shifters.
The optical power distribution unit comprises first Mach-Zehnder modulators to Nth Mach-Zehnder modulators, first optical beam splitters to Nth optical beam splitters, and first thermal phase shifters to Nth thermal phase shifters; the input end of the first optical beam splitter is used as the input end of the optical power distribution unit; the two output ends of the first optical beam splitter are connected with the two input ends of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the output ports of the Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively connected with the input ports of the thermal phase shifter; the output port of the thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the input ports of the second optical beam splitter and the third optical beam splitter, and the optical power distribution unit structure of 1 multiplied by N is obtained by analogy; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the beam splitter may be implemented using multimode interferometer combinations or directional coupler structures.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a general silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip of the present invention, and as can be seen from the figure, the general silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip of the present invention includes a first Y-type optical coupler 1 and an optical power distribution unit 2, where a 2 nd port and a 3 rd port of the first Y-type coupler 1 are connected with two input lasers; the 1 st port of the first Y-shaped coupler 1 is connected with the input port of the optical power distribution unit 2; the optical power distribution unit 2 has N output ports which are respectively connected with N optical paths, and the optical paths from the 2 nd output port to the N th output port are the same;
the 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit 2 is connected with a 1 st optical path, the 1 st optical path comprises a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 3, the 1 st port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 3 is connected with the 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit 2, and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 3 are respectively connected with the 3 rd port of the second Y-type coupler 4 and the 2 nd port of the third Y-type coupler 6; the 1 st port and the 2 nd port of the second Y-shaped coupler 4 are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the polarization control unit 5 and the 3 rd port of the third Y-shaped coupler 6; the 1 st port of the third Y-shaped coupler 6 is connected with the 1 st port of the first wavelength division multiplexing unit 7; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first wavelength division multiplexing unit 7 are respectively connected with the optical input ports of the first photoelectric detection unit 8 and the second photoelectric detection unit 9; the 2 nd port of the polarization control unit 5 is connected with a transmission link or a photon millimeter wave/terahertz input source;
The 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit 2 is connected with a 2 nd optical path, the structure of the 2 nd optical path comprises a second wavelength division multiplexing unit 10, the 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit 2 is connected with the 1 st port of the second wavelength division multiplexing unit 10, and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the second wavelength division multiplexing unit 10 are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the fourth Y-type optical coupler 11 and the 1 st port of the seventh Y-type optical coupler 17; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the fourth Y-shaped optical coupler 11 are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the first frequency shifter unit 12 and the 2 nd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler 14; the 2 nd port of the first frequency shifter unit 12 is connected with the 3 rd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 13; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the fifth Y-type optical coupler 14 are respectively connected with the third photoelectric detection unit 15 and the 2 nd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 13; the 1 st port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 13 is connected with the 3 rd port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler 16; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the seventh Y-shaped optical coupler 17 are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the second frequency shifter unit 18 and the 2 nd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler 20; the 2 nd port of the second frequency shifter unit 18 is connected with the 3 rd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 19; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the eighth Y-type optical coupler 20 are respectively connected with the fourth photoelectric detection unit 21 and the 2 nd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 19; the 1 st port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 19 is connected with the 2 nd port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler 16; the 1 st port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler 16 is connected to a transmission link or a photonic millimeter wave/terahertz detection unit.
All the components are integrated on an insulating silicon substrate.
The first wavelength division multiplexing unit 7, the second wavelength division multiplexing unit 10 and the nth wavelength division multiplexing unit 22 comprise a first adjustable micro-ring filter, a second adjustable micro-ring filter and 1 connecting waveguide, the input end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter and the output end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter are used as the input end and the output end of the double micro-ring wavelength division multiplexing unit, the output end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the input end of the connecting waveguide, and the input end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the output end of the connecting waveguide; the first adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with radius of 10 micrometers and 2 straight waveguides, and a titanium nitride-based metal thermal resistance structure is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and is used for adjusting phase difference; the second adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with radius of 8 micrometers and 2 straight waveguides, and a titanium nitride-based metal thermal resistance structure is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and is used for adjusting phase difference.
The first Y-type optocoupler 1, the second Y-type optocoupler 4, the third Y-type optocoupler 6, the fourth Y-type optocoupler 11, the fifth Y-type optocoupler 14, the sixth Y-type optocoupler 16, the seventh Y-type optocoupler 17 and the eighth Y-type optocoupler 20 may be implemented by using a directional coupler, a multimode interferometer or a Y-branched waveguide structure.
The first frequency shifter unit 12 and the second frequency shifter unit 18 comprise two parallel mach-zehnder modulators, 1 optical beam splitter, 1 optical beam combiner and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the optical beam splitter and the output end of the optical beam combiner are used as the input end and the output end of the frequency shifter; the input ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are connected with the two output ends of the optical combiner, and the output ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are respectively connected with the input ports of the thermal phase shifters; the output ports of the thermal phase shifters are respectively connected with the two input ports of the optical beam splitter; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the Mach-Zehnder modulator comprises 1 optical combiner, 1 optical beam splitter and two connecting waveguides, wherein a phase shifter based on a PIN diode is integrated on each waveguide and used for loading a modulation signal, and a phase shifter based on a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure is also integrated and used for adjusting proper phase difference; the optical combiner and the optical beam splitter can be realized by adopting a multimode interferometer combination or a directional coupler structure.
The first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 3, the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 13 and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 19 comprise a gradual change ridge waveguide and an asymmetric directional coupler; the input end of the gradual change ridge waveguide is the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the output end of the gradual change ridge waveguide is connected with the input end of the asymmetric directional coupler; the output end of the asymmetric directional coupler is used as the output end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the gradual change ridge waveguide introduces mode hybridization due to asymmetric height direction structure, and can convert input TM0 polarized light into TE1 mode by designing proper waveguide size, and TE0 polarized light is kept unchanged; the asymmetric directional coupler comprises two gradual change type strip waveguides, and the TE1 mode of the upper waveguide is matched with the TE0 mode of the lower waveguide through the reasonable design of the waveguide size, so that the separation of the TE1 mode and the TE0 mode is realized; thus, the input TM0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitter and is output from the lower output port, and the polarization is rotated to TE0; the input TE0 polarized light is output from the upper output port after passing through the polarization rotating beam splitter, and the polarization state is kept unchanged.
The polarization control unit 5 comprises a polarization rotation beam splitter, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the polarization controller is connected with the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the two output ends of the polarization rotation beam splitter are respectively connected with the two input ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; two output ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are used as output ends of the polarization controller; the two thermal phase shifters are integrated on one connecting waveguide of the polarization rotation beam splitter and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the other one is integrated on one waveguide arm in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the thermal phase shifters adopt a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure, and the polarization direction of any input light can be adjusted and controlled by adjusting the phase shifting quantity of the two thermal phase shifters.
The optical power distribution unit 2 comprises a first Mach-Zehnder modulator to an Nth Mach-Zehnder modulator, a first optical beam splitter to an Nth optical beam splitter, a first thermal phase shifter to an Nth thermal phase shifter; the input end of the first optical beam splitter is used as the input end of the optical power distribution unit; the two output ends of the first optical beam splitter are connected with the two input ends of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the output ports of the Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively connected with the input ports of the thermal phase shifter; the output port of the thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the input ports of the second optical beam splitter and the third optical beam splitter, and the optical power distribution unit structure of 1 multiplied by N is obtained by analogy; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the beam splitter may be implemented using multimode interferometer combinations or directional coupler structures.
Example 2
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the general silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission system of the present invention, and as can be seen from the figure, the general silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission system includes a local end 1, a transmission link 2 and a user end 3. When the millimeter wave/terahertz signal is sent as a local end, two paths of laser signals with terahertz intervals enter the transmission link 2 through a first Y-shaped optical coupling unit 001, an optical power distribution unit 002, a second wave demultiplexing multiplexing unit 010, a fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 011, a seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit 017, a first frequency shifting unit 012, a second frequency shifting unit 018, a fifth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 014, an eighth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 020, a third photoelectric detection unit 015, a fourth photoelectric detection unit 021, a second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 013, a third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 019 and a sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 016, the signals reflected by the user end 3 enter the third photoelectric detection unit 015, the fourth photoelectric detection unit 021 respectively through the sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 016, the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 013, the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 019, the fifth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 014 and the eighth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 020, are used for detecting differences between optical frequency signals and local optical frequency signals, and the optical frequency signals are led into the optical frequency-phase-compensating device through a double-phase-error modulator to enable the optical signals to be transmitted to the front end in parallel to the millimeter wave, and the frequency-phase-modulated by the optical signals are enabled to be transmitted to the front-end and stable.
In the user end 3, two paths of laser signals with terahertz intervals are connected to a previous-stage transmission link through a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 303, a second Y-type optical coupling unit 304 and a first polarization control unit 305 of a first optical path, and enter a first photoelectric detection unit 308 and a second photoelectric detection unit 309 respectively through the first polarization control unit 305, the second Y-type optical coupling unit 304, a third Y-type optical coupling unit 306 and a first wavelength division multiplexing unit 307, so that the received photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals are amplified in a locking mode.
The transmission method using the universal photon millimeter wave/terahertz transmission system comprises the following specific steps:
1) At the local end 1, two paths of optical signals to be transmitted are respectively
Figure GDA0004228623360000141
Figure GDA0004228623360000142
Wherein the difference between the two angular frequencies and phases is matched to the frequency and phase of the millimeter wave, i.e. ω 1 -ω 2 ＝ω mmW ，/>
Figure GDA0004228623360000143
The two paths of light wave signals input to the main end respectively enter the first photoelectric detection unit 008 and the second photoelectric detection unit 009 after being demultiplexed by the first polarization control unit 005, the second Y-shaped optical coupling unit 004, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit 006 and the first wave demultiplexing unit 007. The signals output by the local two-path laser device are combined through the first Y-shaped optical coupling unit 001, the combined signals pass through the optical power distribution network 002 and then pass through the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 003, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit 006 and the first wavelength division multiplexing unit 007 to be demultiplexed and then respectively enter the first photoelectric detection unit 008 and the second photoelectric detection unit 009, thus the two-path optical wave signals input to the main end and the signals output by the local two-path laser device can be respectively locked to realize the amplification of the signals, and the angular frequencies of the two-path optical wave signals after the local laser device is locked are omega respectively 1 +ω a And omega 2 +ω a The initial phases are +.>
Figure GDA0004228623360000144
And->
Figure GDA0004228623360000145
Meanwhile, after the local laser is locked, two paths of optical wave signals are distributed to a main end transmission branch through a first Y-shaped optical coupling unit 001 and an optical power distribution network 002, and the two paths of optical signals are demultiplexed by a second wavelength demultiplexing multiplexing unit 010 and then are demultiplexedTwo paths are provided, and the signals output after one path passes through the fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 011 and the first frequency shift unit 012 are marked as E 3 The other path of signals output after passing through the seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit 017 and the second frequency shift unit 018 are marked as E 4 The signal expression is as follows:
Figure GDA0004228623360000151
Figure GDA0004228623360000152
wherein the first frequency shift unit 012 is controlled by a voltage controlled oscillator, and its angular frequency and compensation phase are ω l And
Figure GDA0004228623360000153
the second frequency-shifting unit 018 is provided by an arbitrary frequency reference source having angular frequency and phase of ω, respectively l And->
Figure GDA0004228623360000154
Said E 3 、E 4 The signals respectively pass through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 013 and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 019, the sixth Y-type optical coupling unit 016, and then pass through the transmission link 2, enter the user terminal 3, and the signals received by the user terminal can be expressed as:
Figure GDA0004228623360000155
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
Figure GDA0004228623360000156
and->
Figure GDA0004228623360000157
The phase noise introduced by the two paths of optical wave signals in the transmission of the optical fiber link is respectively. Two-path optical wave signal input to user terminal The first polarization control unit 305, the second Y-type optical coupling unit 304, the third Y-type optical coupling unit 306, and the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit 307 are demultiplexed and then enter the first photodetection unit 308 and the second photodetection unit 309, respectively. Output signals of the two lasers at the user side enter a first photoelectric detection unit 308 and a second photoelectric detection unit 309 respectively after being demultiplexed by a first Y-shaped optical coupling unit 301, an optical power distribution network 302, a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 303, a third Y-shaped optical coupling unit 306 and a first wavelength division multiplexing unit 307. The two paths of light wave signals input to the slave end and the outputs of the local two paths of lasers are respectively locked mutually to amplify the signals, and the millimeter wave/terahertz signals of the photon waves locked by the local lasers at the slave end can be expressed as follows: />
Figure GDA0004228623360000158
Wherein omega r And
Figure GDA0004228623360000159
the reference frequency and the phase of the optical phase-locked loop at the user side are respectively. And one part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal is returned to an optical fiber link and transmitted to a local end, the other part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal is demultiplexed by a second wavelength demultiplexing and multiplexing unit 310 and then is divided into two paths, one path of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal passes through a fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 311, a first frequency shifting unit 312 and a second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 313, and the other path of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal passes through a seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit 317, a second frequency shifting unit 318 and a third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 319 and then is combined by a sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 316 and then is transmitted to the next stage as a local signal or is converted into a millimeter wave/terahertz signal after local photoelectric conversion. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz two-path light wave of the user terminal can be expressed as follows after beat frequency:
Figure GDA00042286233600001510
Signals reflected back by the user endAfter passing through the optical fiber link 2, the received signal is divided into two paths after being received by the sixth Y-type optical coupling unit 016 in the local end 1: one path of signals enters the third photoelectric detection unit 015 through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 013 and the fifth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 014, and the signals output after beat frequency and filtering of the signals output by the local laser are recorded as E 8 The other path of the signals enters a fourth photoelectric detection unit 021 and a local laser output signal beat frequency through the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 019 and the eighth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 020 and the signals output after filtering are recorded as E 9 The signal expression is as follows:
Figure GDA0004228623360000161
Figure GDA0004228623360000162
by combining two intermediate frequency signals E 8 And E is connected with 9 After the sidebands are removed through frequency mixing, the driving frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is controlled through the servo controller, so that:
Figure GDA0004228623360000163
at this time, a photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal with stable phase can be obtained at the user side
Figure GDA0004228623360000164
Figure GDA0004228623360000165
Similarly, if the photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signals are required to be distributed to a plurality of users, the optical power distribution unit can be utilized to distribute the optical signals to N optical branches, and the signals to be transmitted are simultaneously transmitted to N user terminals by the method, so that the photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal transmission of multiple nodes is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which shall be covered by the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a photon millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip of general silicon-based integration, which is characterized in that the chip comprises a first Y-shaped optical coupler (1) and an optical power distribution unit (2);
the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first Y-shaped optical coupler (1) are connected with two input lasers, the 1 st port of the first Y-shaped optical coupler (1) is connected with the input port of the optical power distribution unit (2), and the optical power distribution unit (2) has N output ports which are respectively connected with a first optical path, a second optical path, a third optical path, … … and an Nth optical path, wherein the second optical path, the third optical path, … … and the Nth optical path are the same;
the first light path comprises a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit (3), a second Y-shaped optical coupler (4), a polarization control unit (5), a third Y-shaped optical coupler (6), a first wavelength division multiplexing unit (7), a first photoelectric detection unit (8) and a second photoelectric detection unit (9); the 1 st port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit (3) is connected with the 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit (2), and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit (3) are respectively connected with the 3 rd port of the second Y-type optical coupler (4) and the 2 nd port of the third Y-type optical coupler (6); the 1 st port and the 2 nd port of the second Y-shaped optical coupler (4) are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the polarization control unit (5) and the 3 rd port of the third Y-shaped optical coupler (6); the 1 st port of the third Y-shaped optical coupler (6) is connected with the 1 st port of the first wavelength division multiplexing unit (7); the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first wavelength division multiplexing unit (7) are respectively connected with the optical input ports of the first photoelectric detection unit (8) and the second photoelectric detection unit (9); the 2 nd port of the polarization control unit (5) is connected with a transmission link or a photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal output by the upper stage;
The second optical path comprises a second wavelength division multiplexing unit (10), a fourth Y-shaped optical coupler (11), a first frequency shifter unit (12), a second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (13), a fifth Y-shaped optical coupler (14), a third photoelectric detection unit (15), a sixth Y-shaped optical coupler (16), a seventh Y-shaped optical coupler (17), a second frequency shifter unit (18), a third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (19), an eighth Y-shaped optical coupler (20) and a fourth photoelectric detection unit (21); the 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit (2) is connected with the 1 st port of the second wavelength division multiplexing unit (10), and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the second wavelength division multiplexing unit (10) are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the fourth Y-type optical coupler (11) and the 1 st port of the seventh Y-type optical coupler (17); the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the fourth Y-shaped optical coupler (11) are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the first frequency shifter unit (12) and the 2 nd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler (14); the 2 nd port of the first frequency shifter unit (12) is connected with the 3 rd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (13); the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler (14) are respectively connected with the third photoelectric detection unit (15) and the 2 nd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (13); the 1 st port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (13) is connected with the 3 rd port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler (16); the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the seventh Y-shaped optical coupler (17) are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the second frequency shifter unit (18) and the 2 nd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler (20); the 2 nd port of the second frequency shifter unit (18) is connected with the 3 rd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (19); the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler (20) are respectively connected with the fourth photoelectric detection unit (21) and the 2 nd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (19); the 1 st port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (19) is connected with the 2 nd port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler (16); the 1 st port of the sixth Y-type optical coupler (16) is connected with a transmission link or a photon millimeter wave/terahertz receiving end;
The Nth optical path comprises an Nth wavelength division multiplexing unit (22), and so on;
the first Y-type optical coupler (1), the optical power distribution unit (2), the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit (3), the second Y-type optical coupler (4), the polarization control unit (5), the third Y-type optical coupler (6), the first wavelength division multiplexing unit (7), the first photoelectric detection unit (8), the second photoelectric detection unit (9), the second wavelength division multiplexing unit (10), the fourth Y-type optical coupler (11), the first frequency shifter unit (12), the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (13), the fifth Y-type optical coupler (14), the third photoelectric detection unit (15), the sixth Y-type optical coupler (16), the seventh Y-type optical coupler (17), the second frequency shifter unit (18), the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (19), the eighth Y-type optical coupler (20), the fourth photoelectric detection unit (21) and the Nth wavelength division multiplexing unit (22) are integrated on a chip.
2. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip of claim 1, characterized in that the first and second wavelength division multiplexing units (7, 10) to (22) comprise a first adjustable micro-ring filter, a second adjustable micro-ring filter and 1 connecting waveguide, the input end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter and the output end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter are used as the input end and the output end of a dual micro-ring type wavelength division multiplexer, the output end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the input end of the connecting waveguide, and the input end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the output end of the connecting waveguide; the first adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with radius of 10 micrometers and 2 straight waveguides, and a titanium nitride-based metal thermal resistance structure is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and is used for adjusting phase difference; the second adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with radius of 8 micrometers and 2 straight waveguides, and a titanium nitride-based metal thermal resistance structure is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and is used for adjusting phase difference.
3. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip of claim 1, characterized in that the first Y-type optocoupler (1), the second Y-type optocoupler (4), the third Y-type optocoupler (6), the fourth Y-type optocoupler (11), the fifth Y-type optocoupler (14), the sixth Y-type optocoupler (16), the seventh Y-type optocoupler (17) and the eighth Y-type optocoupler (20) are implemented with directional couplers, multimode interferometers or Y-branched waveguide structures.
4. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip of claim 1, characterized in that the first frequency shifter unit (12), the second frequency shifter unit (18) comprise two parallel mach-zehnder modulators, 1 optical splitter, 1 optical combiner and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the optical beam splitter and the output end of the optical beam combiner are used as the input end and the output end of the frequency shifter; the input ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are connected with the two output ends of the optical combiner, and the output ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are respectively connected with the input ports of the thermal phase shifters; the output ports of the thermal phase shifters are respectively connected with the two input ports of the optical beam splitter; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting phase difference; the Mach-Zehnder modulator comprises 1 optical combiner, 1 optical beam splitter and two connecting waveguides respectively, wherein a phase shifter based on a PIN diode is integrated on each waveguide and is used for loading a modulation signal, and a phase shifter based on a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure is also integrated and is used for adjusting phase difference; the optical combiner and the optical beam splitter can be realized by adopting a multimode interferometer combination or a directional coupler structure.
5. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip of claim 1, characterized in that the first polarization-rotating beam-splitting unit (3), the second polarization-rotating beam-splitting unit (13), and the third polarization-rotating beam-splitting unit (19) comprise a graded ridge waveguide and an asymmetric directional coupler; the input end of the gradual change ridge waveguide is the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the output end of the gradual change ridge waveguide is connected with the input end of the asymmetric directional coupler; the output end of the asymmetric directional coupler is used as the output end of the polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the gradual change ridge waveguide introduces mode hybridization due to asymmetric height direction structure, and the input TM0 polarized light can be converted into TE1 mode by designing the waveguide size, and TE0 polarized light is kept unchanged; the asymmetric directional coupler comprises two gradual change type strip waveguides, and the TE1 mode of the upper waveguide is matched with the TE0 mode of the lower waveguide through the reasonable design of the waveguide size, so that the separation of the TE1 mode and the TE0 mode is realized; thus, the input TM0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitting unit and is output from the lower output port, and the polarization rotation is TE0; and the input TE0 polarized light is output from the upper output port after passing through the polarization rotation beam splitting unit, and the polarization state is kept unchanged.
6. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip of claim 1, characterized in that the polarization control unit (5) comprises a polarization rotating beam splitter, a mach-zehnder interferometer, and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the polarization control unit is connected with the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the two output ends of the polarization rotation beam splitter are respectively connected with the two input ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; two output ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are used as output ends of the polarization control unit; the two thermal phase shifters are integrated on one connecting waveguide of the polarization rotation beam splitter and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the other one is integrated on one waveguide arm in the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; the polarization rotation beam splitter and the polarization rotation beam splitting unit adopt the same structure; the thermal phase shifters adopt a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure, and the polarization direction of any input light can be adjusted and controlled by adjusting the phase shifting quantity of the two thermal phase shifters.
7. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip of claim 1, characterized in that the optical power distribution unit (2) includes first to nth mach-zehnder modulators, first to nth optical splitters, and first to nth thermal phase shifters; the input end of the first optical beam splitter is used as the input end of the optical power distribution unit; the two output ends of the first optical beam splitter are connected with the two input ends of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, and the output ports of the Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively connected with the input ports of the first thermal phase shifter; the output port of the first thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the input ports of the second optical beam splitter and the third optical beam splitter, and the optical power distribution unit structure of 1 multiplied by N is obtained by analogy; the first to the N-th thermal phase shifters adopt metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structures for adjusting phase difference; the first to the nth beam splitters are realized by adopting multimode interferometer combination or directional coupler structures.
8. A silicon-based photon millimeter wave/terahertz transmission system comprises a local end, a transmission link and a user end; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the local side and the user side both comprise the chip of any one of claims 1-7;
the two paths of optical wave signals input to the local end and the signals output by the two local lasers are respectively locked to realize signal amplification, and meanwhile, the other part of optical wave signals after being locked by the local lasers enter a second optical path and are divided into two paths after passing through a demultiplexer, and the two paths of signals respectively pass through a frequency shifting unit; one path of frequency shifting unit is controlled by a voltage-controlled oscillator, and the other path of frequency shifting unit is controlled by an arbitrary frequency reference source; the two paths of signals with terahertz intervals are subjected to frequency shift and then are combined to enter the transmission link, the signals reflected by the user side are subjected to two photoelectric detection units, the frequency difference between the round-trip optical frequency signals and the local optical frequency signals is detected, and the working frequencies of the two frequency shifters are controlled to compensate phase noise introduced by the transmission link in forward transmission photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals, so that the user side obtains optical frequency signals with stable phases;
when the user terminal receives millimeter wave/terahertz signals, the millimeter wave/terahertz signals enter two photoelectric detection units of a first optical path through the first optical path to be detected, so that the two paths of optical wave signals input to the user terminal and the outputs of two local lasers are respectively locked with each other to realize signal amplification; and one part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal returns to the optical fiber link to be transmitted to the main end, and the other part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal is used as a local signal to be transmitted to the next stage through a second optical path or converted into a millimeter wave/terahertz signal after being subjected to local photoelectric conversion.
9. A silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission method of the system of claim 8, characterized in that the method includes the steps of:
at the local end, the two paths of optical signals to be transmitted are respectively
Figure FDA0004228623350000041
Figure FDA0004228623350000051
Wherein the difference between the two angular frequencies and phases is matched to the frequency and phase of the millimeter wave, i.e. ω 1 -ω 2 ＝ω mmW ，
Figure FDA0004228623350000052
The two paths of light wave signals input to the main end enter a first photoelectric detection unit (008) and a second photoelectric detection unit (009) respectively after being demultiplexed by a first polarization control unit (005), a second Y-shaped optical coupling unit (004), a third Y-shaped optical coupling unit (006) and a first wave demultiplexing unit (007); signals output by the two local lasers are combined through a first Y-shaped optical coupling unit (001), and the combined signals pass through a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit (003), a third Y-shaped optical coupling unit (006) and a third optical power distribution unit (002),The first wavelength division multiplexing unit (007) is demultiplexed and then enters the first photoelectric detection unit (008) and the second photoelectric detection unit (009) respectively, so that two paths of optical wave signals input to the main end and signals output by two local lasers can be respectively locked to realize signal amplification, and the angular frequencies of the two paths of optical wave signals after the local lasers are locked are omega respectively 1 +ω a And omega 2 +ω a The initial phases are +.>
Figure FDA0004228623350000053
And->
Figure FDA0004228623350000054
Meanwhile, after the local laser is locked, two paths of optical wave signals are distributed to a main end transmission branch through a first Y-shaped optical coupling unit (001) and an optical power distribution unit (002), the two paths of optical signals are demultiplexed by a second wavelength division multiplexing unit (010) and are divided into two paths, and one path of signals output after passing through a fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit (011) and a first frequency shifting unit (012) are recorded as E 3 The other path of signals output after passing through the seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit (017) and the second frequency shift unit (018) are marked as E 4 The signal expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0004228623350000055
Figure FDA0004228623350000056
wherein the first frequency shift unit (012) is controlled by a voltage controlled oscillator, the angular frequency and the compensation phase of which are ω l And
Figure FDA0004228623350000057
a second frequency-shifting unit (018) provided by an arbitrary frequency reference source and having angular frequency and phase of ω, respectively l And->
Figure FDA0004228623350000058
Said E 3 、E 4 The signals respectively pass through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (013) and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (019), are combined by the sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit (016), then pass through a transmission link, enter the user end, and the signals received by the user end can be expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0004228623350000059
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,
Figure FDA00042286233500000510
and->
Figure FDA00042286233500000511
The phase noise introduced by the two paths of optical wave signals in the transmission of the optical fiber link is respectively; two paths of optical wave signals input to the user side are demultiplexed by a first polarization control unit (305), a second Y-shaped optical coupling unit (304), a third Y-shaped optical coupling unit (306) and a first wavelength demultiplexing unit (307) and then enter a first photoelectric detection unit (308) and a second photoelectric detection unit (309) respectively; output signals of two paths of lasers at a user side enter a first photoelectric detection unit (308) and a second photoelectric detection unit (309) respectively after being demultiplexed by a first Y-shaped optical coupling unit (301), an optical power distribution network (302), a fourth polarization rotation beam splitting unit (303), a third Y-shaped optical coupling unit (306) and a first wavelength demultiplexing unit (307); the two paths of light wave signals input to the slave end and the outputs of the local two paths of lasers are respectively locked mutually to amplify the signals, and the millimeter wave/terahertz signals of the photon waves locked by the local lasers at the slave end can be expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0004228623350000061
Wherein omega r And
Figure FDA0004228623350000062
the reference frequency and the phase of the optical phase-locked loop at the user side are respectively; one part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal is returned to an optical fiber link and transmitted to a local end, the other part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal is demultiplexed by a second wavelength division demultiplexing unit (310) and then is divided into two paths, one path of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal passes through a fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit (311), a first frequency shifting unit (312) and a fifth polarization rotation beam splitting unit (313), and the other path of locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal passes through a seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit (317), a second frequency shifting unit (318) and a sixth polarization rotation beam splitting unit (319) and then is combined by a sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit (316) and then is transmitted to the next stage as a local signal or is converted into a millimeter wave/terahertz signal after local photoelectric conversion; the photonic millimeter wave/terahertz two-path light wave of the user terminal can be expressed as follows after beat frequency:
Figure FDA0004228623350000063
the signal reflected by the user terminal is divided into two paths after being received by the sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit (016) in the local terminal after passing through the transmission link: one path of signals enters a third photoelectric detection unit (015) through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (013) and the fifth Y-shaped optical coupling unit (014) and is beaten with signals output by a local laser and filtered, and the signals are recorded as E 8 The other path enters a fourth photoelectric detection unit (021) through the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (019) and the eighth Y-shaped optical coupling unit (020) and is beaten with a local laser output signal and the filtered output signal is recorded as E 9 The signal expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0004228623350000064
Figure FDA0004228623350000065
by combining two intermediate frequency signals E 8 And E is connected with 9 After the sidebands are removed through frequency mixing, the driving frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is controlled through the servo controller, so that:
Figure FDA0004228623350000066
at this time, a photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal with stable phase can be obtained at the user side
Figure FDA0004228623350000067
Figure FDA0004228623350000068
10. The silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission method of claim 9, wherein if photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signals are required to be distributed to a plurality of users, optical signals are distributed to N optical branches by using an optical power distribution unit, and signals to be transmitted are simultaneously transmitted to N user terminals by the method, so that multi-node photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal transmission is realized.
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