CN114567384A - Universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz chip and transmission system and method thereof - Google Patents

Universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz chip and transmission system and method thereof Download PDF

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CN114567384A
CN114567384A CN202210145441.5A CN202210145441A CN114567384A CN 114567384 A CN114567384 A CN 114567384A CN 202210145441 A CN202210145441 A CN 202210145441A CN 114567384 A CN114567384 A CN 114567384A
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terahertz
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CN114567384B (en
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胡亮
仇子昂
吴龟灵
陆梁军
周林杰
陈建平
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/90—Non-optical transmission systems, e.g. transmission systems employing non-photonic corpuscular radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/29—Repeaters
    • H04B10/291—Repeaters in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
    • H04B10/801—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water using optical interconnects, e.g. light coupled isolators, circuit board interconnections
    • H04B10/802—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water using optical interconnects, e.g. light coupled isolators, circuit board interconnections for isolation, e.g. using optocouplers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/80—Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water
    • H04B10/806—Arrangements for feeding power
    • H04B10/807—Optical power feeding, i.e. transmitting power using an optical signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
    • H04J14/0215—Architecture aspects
    • H04J14/0217—Multi-degree architectures, e.g. having a connection degree greater than two
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/06—Polarisation multiplex systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Abstract

A general silicon-based integrated photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip can lock and amplify a photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal received from an upper-level link, and a part of the amplified signal can return to an input end and can be transmitted to a lower-level link in multiple paths. The user side of the next-stage link adopts the same chip to lock and amplify the received signal and then returns the signal to the local side, the local side detects the phase difference between the round-trip optical frequency signal and the local optical frequency, and the phase noise introduced in the forward transmission photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal of the transmission link is compensated by controlling the working frequency of a frequency shifter formed by the double parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators, so that the user side obtains the optical frequency signal with stable phase. The invention realizes the transmission of photon millimeter waves/terahertz by utilizing the silicon-based photoelectronic integrated chip, and has the advantages of simple system structure, low overall noise, compact structure, simple packaging and high reliability.

Description

Universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz chip and transmission system and method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to optical fiber time and frequency transmission, in particular to a universal silicon-based integrated photonic millimeter wave and terahertz transmission chip, a system and a transmission method thereof.
Background
Deep space exploration, distributed radar, and data communications are moving towards higher frequency bands (millimeter waves and terahertz). The millimeter wave/terahertz is positioned in the traditional infrared and microwave transition region and is a frequency band with important scientific significance and prospect in the electromagnetic spectrum. In recent years, the development of millimeter wave and terahertz related technologies provides a series of innovative schemes for advanced fields such as communication, imaging detection, electronic countermeasure, environmental monitoring, medical monitoring and safety inspection. The millimeter waves and the terahertz waves have the characteristics of high carrier frequency, large communication capacity, good penetrability, low photon energy, no biological ionization and the like. Meanwhile, the vibration and rotation energy levels of many molecules correspond to the frequency band of terahertz/millimeter waves. Based on the characteristics, the millimeter wave/terahertz technology is bound to make revolutionary breakthrough in the fields of remote imaging detection, remote sensing, spectrum analysis, biomedicine, high-speed wireless communication and the like.
In a distributed system, hundreds of array elements need a large number of distributed transmitting, receiving and control networks, which require a large number of microwave devices and cables, resulting in limited system bandwidth, large volume, large power consumption, and susceptibility to electromagnetic interference, and difficult satisfaction of the requirement of transmitting high-frequency signals at long distance and with low phase noise. The optical device has the advantages of wide band, low loss, small volume, light weight, electromagnetic interference resistance and the like. Therefore, the introduction of fiber distribution technology into phased array radar systems is becoming a trend. In addition, in both radio astronomical detection systems and radar systems, the distance between antenna arrays is relatively long, and in order to ensure the resolution of the system, the phase of a signal is required to be stable after the signal is transmitted over a certain distance. Therefore, it is important to be able to distribute highly stable millimeter wave/submillimeter wave local oscillation reference signals to the antennas. However, the millimeter wave/submillimeter wave signal has a high frequency, which has different theoretical problems and technical difficulties from other frequency bands. The optical fiber-based optical millimeter wave/terahertz transmission is considered to be an effective solution for realizing large-range high-precision optical millimeter wave/terahertz transmission due to the characteristics of high stability and low loss of the optical fiber. Due to the adoption of discrete devices, the system has large out-of-band noise, and a complex temperature control system is required to realize high-precision optical millimeter wave/terahertz transmission.
Integrating the frequency transfer system on a chip by utilizing a photonic integration technology seems to reduce the influence caused by out-of-band noise, and Akatsuka et al integrates the laser relay station on a PLC chip, but the size of an optical device integrated on the chip is large due to large refractive index difference of the PLC, and certain limitation is imposed on cmos-compatible photoelectric integration. [ see Akatsuka, T, Goh, T, Imai, H, Oguri, K, Ishizawa, A, Ushijima, I, Ohmae, N, Takamoto, M, Katoi, H, Hashimoto, T.and Gotoh, H, 2020, Optical frequency distribution laser repeat stations with planar light circuits, 28(7), pp.9186-9197 ]
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip aiming at the defects of the prior art and the working defects. The chip has the advantages of small size, low noise, compact structure, simple packaging, high reliability and universality of a transmitting end and a relay.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the invention is as follows:
a general silicon-based integrated photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip is characterized by comprising a first Y-shaped optical coupler and an optical power distribution unit;
the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first Y-shaped coupler are connected with two input paths of lasers, the 1 st port of the first Y-shaped coupler is connected with the input port of the optical power distribution unit, the optical power distribution unit has N output ports which are respectively connected with a first optical path, a second optical path, a third optical path, … … and an Nth optical path, wherein the second optical path, the third optical path, … … and the Nth optical path are the same;
the first optical path comprises a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, a second Y-shaped optical coupler, a polarization control unit, a third Y-shaped optical coupler, a first wavelength division demultiplexing unit, a first photoelectric detection unit and a second photoelectric detection unit; the 1 st port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit, and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit are respectively connected with the 3 rd port of the second Y-shaped coupler and the 2 nd port of the third Y-shaped coupler; the 1 st port and the 2 nd port of the second Y-shaped coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the polarization control unit and the 3 rd port of the third Y-shaped coupler; the 1 st port of the third Y-shaped coupler is connected with the 1 st port of the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit (7); the 2 nd and 3 rd ports of the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit are respectively connected with the light input ports of the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit; the 2 nd port of the polarization control unit is connected with a transmission link or a photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal output by the previous stage;
the second optical path comprises a second wavelength division demultiplexing unit, a fourth Y-shaped optical coupler, a first frequency shifter unit, a second polarization rotation beam splitting unit, a fifth Y-shaped optical coupler, a third photoelectric detection unit, a sixth Y-shaped optical coupler, a seventh Y-shaped optical coupler, a second frequency shifter unit, a third polarization rotation beam splitting unit, an eighth Y-shaped optical coupler and a fourth photoelectric detection unit; the 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit is connected with the 1 st port of the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit, and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the fourth Y-type optical coupler and the 1 st port of the seventh Y-type optical coupler; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the fourth Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the first frequency shifter unit and the 2 nd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler; the 2 nd port of the first frequency shifter unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the 2 nd port of the third photoelectric detection unit and the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the seventh Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the second frequency shifter unit and the 2 nd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler; the 2 nd port of the second frequency shifter unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the fourth photoelectric detection unit and the 2 nd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 2 nd port of the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler; the 1 st port of the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler is connected with a transmission link or a photonic millimeter wave/terahertz receiving end;
the Nth optical path comprises an Nth wavelength division demultiplexing unit and the like;
the first Y-type optical coupler, the optical power distribution unit, the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the second Y-type optical coupler, the polarization control unit, the third Y-type optical coupler, the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit, the first photoelectric detection unit, the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit, the fourth Y-type optical coupler, the first frequency shifter unit, the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the fifth Y-type optical coupler, the third photoelectric detection unit, the sixth Y-type optical coupler, the seventh Y-type optical coupler, the second frequency shifter unit, the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the eighth Y-type optical coupler, the fourth photoelectric detection unit and the Nth wavelength division demultiplexing unit are integrated on a chip.
The first wavelength division demultiplexing unit, the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit and the Nth wavelength division demultiplexing unit comprise a first adjustable micro-ring filter, a second adjustable micro-ring filter and 1 connecting waveguide, wherein the input end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter and the output end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter are used as the input end and the output end of the double micro-ring type wavelength division demultiplexer, the output end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the input end of the connecting waveguide, and the input end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the output end of the connecting waveguide; the first adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-shaped waveguide with the radius of 10 microns and 2 straight waveguides respectively, and a metal thermal resistance structure based on titanium nitride is integrated on the runway-shaped waveguide and used for adjusting phase difference; the second adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with the radius of 8 microns and 2 straight waveguides respectively, and a metal thermal resistance structure based on titanium nitride is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and used for adjusting the phase difference.
The first Y-shaped optical coupler, the second Y-shaped optical coupler, the third Y-shaped optical coupler, the fourth Y-shaped optical coupler, the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler, the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler, (the seventh Y-shaped optical coupler and the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler) are realized by adopting a directional coupler, a multimode interferometer or a Y-shaped branched waveguide structure.
The first frequency shifter unit and the second frequency shifter unit comprise two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators, 1 optical beam splitter, 1 optical beam combiner and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the optical beam splitter and the output end of the optical beam combiner are used as the input end and the output end of the frequency shifter; the input ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are connected with the two output ends of the optical beam combiner, and the output ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are respectively connected with the input port of the thermal phase shifter; the output port of the thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the two input ports of the optical beam splitter; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the Mach-Zehnder modulator comprises 1 optical beam combiner, 1 optical beam splitter and two connecting waveguides, wherein a phase shifter based on a PIN diode is integrated on each waveguide and used for loading modulation signals, and a phase shifter based on a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure is integrated on each waveguide and used for adjusting proper phase difference; the optical beam combiner and the optical beam splitter can be realized by adopting a multi-mode interference device combination or a directional coupler structure.
The first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit comprise a gradually-changing ridge waveguide and an asymmetric directional coupler; the input end of the gradually-changed ridge waveguide is the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the output end of the gradually-changed ridge waveguide is connected with the input end of the asymmetric directional coupler; the output end of the asymmetric directional coupler is used as the output end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; due to the asymmetric introduction mode hybridization of the structure in the height direction, the gradually-changed ridge waveguide can convert input TM0 polarized light into a TE1 mode by designing a proper waveguide size, and TE0 polarized light is kept unchanged; the asymmetric directional coupler comprises two graded strip-shaped waveguides, and the TE1 mode of the upper waveguide is matched with the TE0 mode of the lower waveguide in phase by designing reasonable waveguide size, so that the TE1 mode and the TE0 mode are separated; therefore, the input TM0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitter and is output from the lower output port, and the polarization rotation is TE 0; the input TE0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitter and is output from the upper output port, and the polarization state is kept unchanged.
The polarization control unit comprises a polarization rotation beam splitter, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the polarization controller is connected with the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; two output ends of the polarization rotation beam splitter are respectively connected with two input ends of the Mach Zehnder interferometer; two output ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are used as output ends of the polarization controller; the two thermal phase shifters are integrated on a connecting waveguide of the polarization rotation beam splitter and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; another waveguide arm integrated in said mach-zehnder interferometer; the polarization rotation beam splitter and the polarization rotation beam splitting unit adopt the same structure; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure, and the polarization direction of any input light can be adjusted and controlled by adjusting the phase shifting amount of the two thermal phase shifters.
The optical power distribution unit comprises first to Nth Mach-Zehnder modulators, first to Nth optical beam splitters and first to Nth thermal phase shifters; the input end of the first optical beam splitter is used as the input end of the optical power distribution unit; two output ends of the first optical beam splitter are connected with two input ends of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, and output ports of the Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively connected with input ports of the thermal phase shifters; the output port of the thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the input ports of the second optical beam splitter and the third optical beam splitter, and the analogy is repeated to obtain a 1 xN optical power distribution unit structure; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the optical beam splitter can be realized by adopting a multi-mode interference device combination or a directional coupler structure.
The invention also provides a silicon-based photonic millimeter wave and terahertz transmission system, which comprises a local end, a transmission link and a user end; the system is characterized in that the local end and the user end both comprise the general silicon-based integrated photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip;
the two light wave signals input to the local end and the signals output by the local two lasers are respectively locked to realize signal amplification, meanwhile, the two light wave signals enter a second light path after the other part of the local lasers are locked, the two light wave signals are divided into two paths after passing through the demultiplexer, and the two paths of signals respectively pass through the frequency shift unit. One path of frequency shift unit is controlled by a voltage-controlled oscillator, and the other path is controlled by an arbitrary frequency reference source. Two paths of signals with terahertz intervals are combined into the transmission link after frequency shifting, signals reflected by the user side pass through two photoelectric detection units, the frequency difference between a round-trip optical frequency signal and a local optical frequency signal is detected, and phase noise introduced by the transmission link in forward transmission photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals is compensated by controlling the working frequency of two frequency shifters, so that the user side obtains optical frequency signals with stable phases;
when the millimeter wave/terahertz signal is received by the user side, the millimeter wave/terahertz signal enters the two photoelectric detection units of the first optical path through the first optical path to be detected, and therefore the two paths of light wave signals input to the user side and the output of the two local lasers are mutually locked respectively to achieve signal amplification. One part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal returns to the optical fiber link and is transmitted to the main end, and the other part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal is used as a local signal and is transmitted to the next stage through a second optical path or is converted into a millimeter wave/terahertz signal after local photoelectric conversion.
The invention also provides a silicon-based photonic millimeter wave and terahertz transmission method using the system, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
at the local end, the two optical signals to be transmitted are respectively
Figure BDA0003508705180000051
Figure BDA0003508705180000052
In which the difference between the two angular frequencies and the phase is matched to the frequency and phase of the millimetre wave, i.e. ω1-ω2＝ωmmW，
Figure BDA0003508705180000053
Two paths of light wave signals input to the main end are demultiplexed by the first polarization control unit, the second Y-shaped optical coupling unit, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the first wavelength demultiplexing unit and then respectively enter the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit. Signals output by the two local lasers are combined through the first Y-shaped optical coupling unit, the combined signals pass through the optical power distribution network and then are demultiplexed through the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the first wavelength demultiplexing unit and then respectively enter the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit, the two paths of light wave signals input to the main end and the signals output by the two local lasers can be respectively locked to realize signal amplification, and the angular frequencies of the two paths of light wave signals after the local lasers are locked are omega respectively1+ωaAnd ω2+ωaAnd initial phases are respectively
Figure BDA0003508705180000061
And
Figure BDA0003508705180000062
meanwhile, after the local laser is locked, two paths of light wave signals are distributed to a main end transmission branch circuit through the first Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the optical power distribution network, the two paths of light signals are demultiplexed into wavelength division multiplexing light signals through the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit and then are divided into two paths, and one path of light signals output after passing through the fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the first frequency shift unit are marked as E3And the other path of signal output after passing through the seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the second frequency shift unit is marked as E4The signal expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003508705180000063
Figure BDA0003508705180000064
wherein the first frequency shift unit is controlled by a voltage-controlled oscillator, and the angular frequency and the compensation phase are respectively omegalAnd
Figure BDA0003508705180000065
the second frequency shift unit is provided by an arbitrary frequency reference source, and the angular frequency and the phase of the second frequency shift unit are respectively omegalAnd
Figure BDA0003508705180000066
said E3、E4The signals respectively pass through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit, then are multiplexed by the sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit, and then pass through the transmission link to enter the user side, where the signals received by the user side can be represented as:
Figure BDA0003508705180000067
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003508705180000068
and
Figure BDA0003508705180000069
respectively, the phase noise introduced by the two paths of light wave signals in the transmission of the optical fiber link. The two paths of light wave signals input to the user terminal are demultiplexed by the first polarization control unit, the second Y-shaped optical coupling unit, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit and then respectively enter the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit. Output signals of the two lasers at the user end respectively enter the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit after being demultiplexed by the first Y-shaped optical coupling unit, the optical power distribution network, the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the first wavelength demultiplexing unit. Therefore, the two paths of light wave signals input to the slave end and the output of the two paths of local lasers are respectively locked with each other to realize signal amplification, and the photonic wave millimeter wave/terahertz signals after the local lasers at the slave end are locked can be expressed as follows:
Figure BDA00035087051800000610
wherein, ω isrAnd
Figure BDA00035087051800000611
the reference frequency and the phase of the optical phase-locked loop at the user terminal are respectively. One part of the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal after locking and amplification returns to the optical fiber link and is transmitted to the local end, the other part of the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal is demultiplexed by the second wavelength demultiplexing unit and is divided into two paths, one path passes through the fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit, the first frequency shift unit and the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit, and the other path passes through the seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit and the second frequency shift unitAnd the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit is combined by a sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit and then is used as a local signal to be transmitted to the next stage or converted into a millimeter wave/terahertz signal after local photoelectric conversion. The photon millimeter wave/terahertz light waves at the user side can be expressed as follows after beat frequency:
Figure BDA0003508705180000071
the signal reflected by the user side is divided into two paths after being received by the sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit in the local side after passing through the optical fiber link: one path of signal enters the third photoelectric detection unit through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit and the fifth Y-shaped optical coupling unit and is subjected to beat frequency and filtering with the output signal of the local laser, and the output signal is marked as E8The other path of the light enters the fourth photoelectric detection unit through the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit and the eighth Y-shaped optical coupling unit, and a signal output after the beat frequency and the filtering of the signal output by the fourth photoelectric detection unit and the local laser is recorded as E9The signal expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003508705180000072
Figure BDA0003508705180000073
by dividing two intermediate frequency signals E8And E9After the sideband is taken down through frequency mixing, the driving frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is controlled through a servo controller, so that:
Figure BDA0003508705180000074
at the moment, the phase-stable photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal can be obtained at the user end
Figure BDA0003508705180000075
Figure BDA0003508705180000076
Similarly, if the photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signals need to be distributed to a plurality of users, the optical power distribution unit can be used for distributing the optical signals to the N optical branches, and the signals to be transmitted are simultaneously transmitted to the N user sides by the method, so that the transmission of the photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signals of multiple nodes is realized.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the wavelength division demultiplexing unit, the optical power distribution unit, the optical coupling unit, the frequency shift unit, the polarization control unit and the photoelectric detection unit which are connected are integrated on the same chip, and the chip is small in size, low in power consumption, low in noise and high in stability. The frequency transmission system formed by the traditional discrete devices is integrated on the same chip, so that the noise influence caused by optical fiber connection between the discrete devices is greatly reduced, and the design cost of the system is saved.
2) The phase noise of the transmission link is converted to a radio frequency signal for processing in a double-heterodyne detection mode, and the phase noise introduced in the transmission link can be compensated through simple processing such as frequency division, frequency mixing, filtering, phase locking and the like on an electric domain, so that stable photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal transmission is realized, and the system is simple and high in reliability.
3) The chip can lock and amplify the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal received from the upper-level link, and part of the amplified signal can return to the input end and can be divided into multiple paths to be transmitted to the lower-level link. The user side of the next-level link adopts the same chip to lock and amplify the received signal and then return the signal to the local side, and the chip is a universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave and terahertz transmission chip according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave and terahertz transmission system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described with reference to the following embodiments and the accompanying drawings, wherein the embodiments are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific work flows are provided, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
A universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip comprises a first Y-shaped optical coupler and an optical power distribution unit, wherein the No. 2 port and the No. 3 port of the first Y-shaped coupler are connected with two input paths of lasers; the 1 st port of the first Y-type coupler is connected with the input port of the optical power distribution unit; the optical power distribution unit has N output ports which are respectively connected with N optical paths, and the optical paths from the 2 nd output port to the Nth output port are the same;
the 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit is connected with the 1 st optical path, the 1 st optical path comprises a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the 1 st port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit, and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit are respectively connected with the 3 rd port of the second Y-type coupler and the 2 nd port of the third Y-type coupler; the 1 st port and the 2 nd port of the second Y-type coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the polarization control unit and the 3 rd port of the third Y-type coupler; the 1 st port of the third Y-shaped coupler is connected with the 1 st port of the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit are respectively connected with the light input ports of the first photoelectric detection unit and the second photoelectric detection unit; the 2 nd port of the polarization control unit is connected with the photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal output by the upper stage of the transmission link;
the 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit is connected with the 2 nd optical path, the structure of the 2 nd optical path comprises a second wavelength division demultiplexing unit, the 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit is connected with the 1 st port of the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit, and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit are respectively connected with the 1 st port of a fourth Y-type optical coupler and the 1 st port of a seventh Y-type optical coupler; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the fourth Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the first frequency shifter unit and the 2 nd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler; the 2 nd port of the first frequency shifter unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the 2 nd port of the third photoelectric detection unit and the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the seventh Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the second frequency shifter unit and the 2 nd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler; the 2 nd port of the second frequency shifter unit is connected with the 3 rd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler are respectively connected with the fourth photoelectric detection unit and the 2 nd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit; the 1 st port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit is connected with the 2 nd port of the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler; and the 1 st port of the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler is connected with a transmission link or a photon millimeter wave/terahertz detection unit.
All the components are integrated on the same insulated silicon substrate.
The first wavelength division demultiplexing unit, the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit and the Nth wavelength division demultiplexing unit comprise a first adjustable micro-ring filter, a second adjustable micro-ring filter and 1 connecting waveguide, wherein the input end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter and the output end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter are used as the input end and the output end of the double micro-ring type wavelength division demultiplexer, the output end of the first adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the input end of the connecting waveguide, and the input end of the second adjustable micro-ring filter is connected with the output end of the connecting waveguide; the first adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-shaped waveguide with the radius of 10 microns and 2 straight waveguides respectively, and a metal thermal resistance structure based on titanium nitride is integrated on the runway-shaped waveguide and used for adjusting phase difference; the second adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with the radius of 8 microns and 2 straight waveguides respectively, and a metal thermal resistance structure based on titanium nitride is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and used for adjusting the phase difference.
The first Y-shaped optical coupler, the second Y-shaped optical coupler, the third Y-shaped optical coupler, the fourth Y-shaped optical coupler, the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler, the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler, the seventh Y-shaped optical coupler and the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler can be realized by adopting a directional coupler, a multi-mode interferometer or a Y-shaped branched waveguide structure.
The first frequency shifter unit and the second frequency shifter unit comprise two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators, 1 optical beam splitter, 1 optical beam combiner and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the optical beam splitter and the output end of the optical beam combiner are used as the input end and the output end of the frequency shifter; the input ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are connected with the two output ends of the optical beam combiner, and the output ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are respectively connected with the input port of the thermal phase shifter; the output port of the thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the two input ports of the optical beam splitter; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the Mach-Zehnder modulator comprises 1 optical beam combiner, 1 optical beam splitter and two connecting waveguides, wherein a phase shifter based on a PIN diode is integrated on each waveguide and used for loading modulation signals, and a phase shifter based on a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure is integrated on each waveguide and used for adjusting proper phase difference; the optical beam combiner and the optical beam splitter can be realized by adopting a multi-mode interference device combination or a directional coupler structure.
The first polarization rotation beam splitting unit, the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit comprise a gradually-changing ridge waveguide and an asymmetric directional coupler; the input end of the gradually-changed ridge waveguide is the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the output end of the gradually-changed ridge waveguide is connected with the input end of the asymmetric directional coupler; the output end of the asymmetric directional coupler is used as the output end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; due to the asymmetric introduction mode hybridization of the structure in the height direction, the gradually-changed ridge waveguide can convert input TM0 polarized light into a TE1 mode by designing a proper waveguide size, and TE0 polarized light is kept unchanged; the asymmetric directional coupler comprises two graded strip waveguides, and the TE1 mode of the upper waveguide is matched with the TE0 mode of the lower waveguide in phase by designing a reasonable waveguide size, so that the separation of the TE1 mode and the TE0 mode is realized; therefore, the input TM0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitter and is output from the lower output port, and the polarization rotation is TE 0; the input TE0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitter and is output from the upper output port, and the polarization state is kept unchanged.
The polarization control unit comprises a polarization rotation beam splitter, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the polarization controller is connected with the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; two output ends of the polarization rotation beam splitter are respectively connected with two input ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; two output ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are used as output ends of the polarization controller; one of the two thermal phase shifters is integrated on one connecting waveguide of the polarization rotation beam splitter and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; another waveguide arm integrated in said mach-zehnder interferometer; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure, and the polarization direction of any input light can be adjusted and controlled by adjusting the phase shift amount of the two thermal phase shifters.
The optical power distribution unit comprises a first Mach-Zehnder modulator, a second Mach-Zehnder modulator, a first optical beam splitter, a second optical beam splitter, a third optical beam splitter, a fourth optical beam splitter, a fifth optical beam splitter, a sixth optical beam splitter, a fifth optical beam splitter, a sixth optical beam splitter, a fifth optical beam splitter, a sixth optical beam splitter, and a sixth optical beam splitter; the input end of the first optical beam splitter is used as the input end of the optical power distribution unit; two output ends of the first optical beam splitter are connected with two input ends of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, and output ports of the Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively connected with input ports of the thermal phase shifters; the output port of the thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the input ports of the second optical beam splitter and the third optical beam splitter, and the analogy is repeated to obtain a 1 xN optical power distribution unit structure; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; a mach-zehnder modulator having the same structure as the mach-zehnder modulator according to claim 5; the optical beam splitter can be realized by adopting a multi-mode interference device combination or a directional coupler structure.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transfer chip of the present invention, and it can be seen from the figure that the universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transfer chip of the present invention includes a first Y-type optical coupler 1 and an optical power distribution unit 2, where the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first Y-type optical coupler 1 are connected to two input lasers; the 1 st port of the first Y-type coupler 1 is connected with the input port of the optical power distribution unit 2; the optical power distribution unit 2 has N output ports respectively connected with N optical paths, and the optical paths from the 2 nd output port to the Nth output port are the same;
the 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit 2 is connected to the 1 st optical path, the 1 st optical path includes a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 3, the 1 st port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 3 is connected to the 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit 2, the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 3 are respectively connected to the 3 rd port of the second Y-type coupler 4 and the 2 nd port of the third Y-type coupler 6; the 1 st port and the 2 nd port of the second Y-shaped coupler 4 are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the polarization control unit 5 and the 3 rd port of the third Y-shaped coupler 6; the 1 st port of the third Y-type coupler 6 is connected with the 1 st port of the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit 7; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit 7 are respectively connected with the light input ports of the first photoelectric detection unit 8 and the second photoelectric detection unit 9; the 2 nd port of the polarization control unit 5 is connected with a transmission link or a photonic millimeter wave/terahertz input source;
the 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit 2 is connected to the 2 nd optical path, the structure of the 2 nd optical path includes a second wavelength division demultiplexing unit 10, the 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit 2 is connected to the 1 st port of the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit 10, and the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit 10 are respectively connected to the 1 st port of a fourth Y-type optical coupler 11 and the 1 st port of a seventh Y-type optical coupler 17; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the fourth Y-type optical coupler 11 are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the first frequency shifter unit 12 and the 2 nd port of the fifth Y-type optical coupler 14; the 2 nd port of the first frequency shifter unit 12 is connected with the 3 rd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 13; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler 14 are respectively connected to the third photodetection unit 15 and the 2 nd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 13; the 1 st port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 13 is connected with the 3 rd port of the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler 16; the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the seventh Y-type optical coupler 17 are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the second frequency shifter unit 18 and the 2 nd port of the eighth Y-type optical coupler 20; the 2 nd port of the second frequency shifter unit 18 is connected with the 3 rd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 19; the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler 20 are respectively connected to the fourth photodetection unit 21 and the 2 nd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 19; the 1 st port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 19 is connected with the 2 nd port of the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler 16; and the 1 st port of the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler 16 is connected with a transmission link or a photonic millimeter wave/terahertz detection unit.
All components are integrated on a silicon substrate which is insulated.
The first wavelength division demultiplexing unit 7, the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit 10 to the nth wavelength division demultiplexing unit 22 comprise a first tunable micro-ring filter, a second tunable micro-ring filter and 1 connecting waveguide, wherein the input end of the first tunable micro-ring filter and the output end of the second tunable micro-ring filter are used as the input end and the output end of the double-micro-ring type wavelength division demultiplexer, the output end of the first tunable micro-ring filter is connected with the input end of the connecting waveguide, and the input end of the second tunable micro-ring filter is connected with the output end of the connecting waveguide; the first adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-shaped waveguide with the radius of 10 microns and 2 straight waveguides respectively, and a metal thermal resistance structure based on titanium nitride is integrated on the runway-shaped waveguide and used for adjusting phase difference; the second adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with the radius of 8 microns and 2 straight waveguides respectively, and a metal thermal resistance structure based on titanium nitride is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and used for adjusting the phase difference.
The first Y-type optical coupler 1, the second Y-type optical coupler 4, the third Y-type optical coupler 6, the fourth Y-type optical coupler 11, the fifth Y-type optical coupler 14, the sixth Y-type optical coupler 16, the seventh Y-type optical coupler 17 and the eighth Y-type optical coupler 20 can be realized by adopting a directional coupler, a multi-mode interferometer or a Y-branch waveguide structure.
The first frequency shifter unit 12 and the second frequency shifter unit 18 comprise two parallel mach-zehnder modulators, 1 optical beam splitter, 1 optical beam combiner and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the optical beam splitter and the output end of the optical beam combiner are used as the input end and the output end of the frequency shifter; the input ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are connected with the two output ends of the optical beam combiner, and the output ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are respectively connected with the input port of the thermal phase shifter; the output port of the thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the two input ports of the optical beam splitter; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the Mach-Zehnder modulator comprises 1 optical beam combiner, 1 optical beam splitter and two connecting waveguides, wherein a phase shifter based on a PIN diode is integrated on each waveguide and used for loading modulation signals, and a phase shifter based on a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure is integrated on each waveguide and used for adjusting proper phase difference; the optical beam combiner and the optical beam splitter can be realized by adopting a multi-mode interference device combination or a directional coupler structure.
The first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 3, the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 13 and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 19 comprise a gradually-changing ridge waveguide and an asymmetric directional coupler; the input end of the gradually-changed ridge waveguide is the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the output end of the gradually-changed ridge waveguide is connected with the input end of the asymmetric directional coupler; the output end of the asymmetric directional coupler is used as the output end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; due to the asymmetric introduction of the structure in the height direction, the mode hybridization is carried out on the gradually-changed ridge type waveguide, the input TM0 polarized light can be converted into a TE1 mode by designing a proper waveguide size, and the TE0 polarized light is kept unchanged; the asymmetric directional coupler comprises two graded strip-shaped waveguides, and the TE1 mode of the upper waveguide is matched with the TE0 mode of the lower waveguide in phase by designing reasonable waveguide size, so that the TE1 mode and the TE0 mode are separated; therefore, the input TM0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitter and is output from the lower output port, and the polarization rotation is TE 0; the input TE0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitter and is output from the upper output port, and the polarization state is kept unchanged.
The polarization control unit 5 comprises a polarization rotation beam splitter, a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the polarization controller is connected with the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; two output ends of the polarization rotation beam splitter are respectively connected with two input ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; two output ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are used as output ends of the polarization controller; the two thermal phase shifters are integrated on a connecting waveguide of the polarization rotation beam splitter and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; another waveguide arm integrated in said mach-zehnder interferometer; the polarization rotation beam splitter has the same structure as the polarization rotation beam splitting unit of claim 6; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure, and the polarization direction of any input light can be adjusted and controlled by adjusting the phase shift amount of the two thermal phase shifters.
The optical power distribution unit 2 comprises first to nth mach-zehnder modulators, first to nth optical beam splitters, and first to nth thermal phase shifters; the input end of the first optical beam splitter is used as the input end of the optical power distribution unit; two output ends of the first optical beam splitter are connected with two input ends of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, and output ports of the Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively connected with input ports of the thermal phase shifters; the output port of the thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the input ports of the second optical beam splitter and the third optical beam splitter, and the analogy is repeated to obtain a 1 xN optical power distribution unit structure; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the optical beam splitter can be realized by adopting a multi-mode interference device combination or a directional coupler structure.
Example 2
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission system according to the present invention, and it can be seen from the figure that the universal silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission system includes a local end 1, a transmission link 2, and a user end 3. When millimeter wave/terahertz signals are sent as a local end, two paths of laser signals with terahertz intervals pass through a first Y-shaped optical coupling unit 001, an optical power distribution unit 002, a second wavelength division demultiplexing unit 010, a fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 011, a seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit 017, a first frequency shift unit 012, a second frequency shift unit 018, a fifth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 014, an eighth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 020, a third photodetection unit 015, a fourth photodetection unit 021, a second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 013, a third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 019 and a sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 016 to enter a transmission link 2, and signals reflected by the user end 3 pass through a sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 016, a second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 013, a third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 019, a fifth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 014 and an eighth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 020 to enter a third photodetection unit 015, a second photoelectric detection unit 015, a third polarization rotation beam, The fourth photodetection unit 021 is configured to detect a frequency difference between the round-trip optical frequency signal and the local optical frequency signal, and compensate for phase noise introduced by the transmission link in the forward transmission of the photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal by controlling an operating frequency of a frequency shifter formed by the dual parallel mach-zehnder modulators, so that the user end obtains an optical frequency signal with a stable phase.
At the user end 3, two laser signals with terahertz intervals are connected to the upper-stage transmission link through the first polarization rotating beam splitting unit 303, the second Y-shaped optical coupling unit 304, and the first polarization control unit 305 of the first optical path, and enter the first photoelectric detection unit 308 and the second photoelectric detection unit 309 through the first polarization control unit 305, the second Y-shaped optical coupling unit 304, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit 306, and the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit 307, respectively, and the received photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signals are locked and amplified.
The transmission method using the general photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission system comprises the following specific steps:
1) at the local end 1, the two optical signals to be transmitted are respectively
Figure BDA0003508705180000141
Figure BDA0003508705180000142
In which the difference between the two angular frequencies and the phase is matched to the frequency and phase of the millimetre wave, i.e. ω1-ω2＝ωmmW，
Figure BDA0003508705180000143
The two optical wave signals input to the main terminal are demultiplexed by the first polarization control unit 005, the second Y-type optical coupling unit 004, the third Y-type optical coupling unit 006 and the first wavelength demultiplexing unit 007, and then enter the first photoelectric detection unit 008 and the second photoelectric detection unit 009, respectively. The signals output by the two local lasers are combined by the first Y-shaped optical coupling unit 001, and the combined signals pass through the optical power distribution network 002The two optical signals input to the main terminal and the signals output by the local two lasers can be respectively locked to realize signal amplification, and the angular frequencies of the two optical signals after being locked by the local laser are respectively omega1+ωaAnd ω2+ωaAnd initial phases are respectively
Figure BDA0003508705180000144
And
Figure BDA0003508705180000145
meanwhile, after the local laser is locked, two paths of optical wave signals are distributed to the main end transmission branch circuit through the first Y-type optical coupling unit 001 and the optical power distribution network 002, the two paths of optical signals are demultiplexed into wavelength division multiplexing optical signals through the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit 010, and the output signal after one path of optical wave signals passes through the fourth Y-type optical coupling unit 011 and the first frequency shift unit 012 is marked as E3The other path of signal output after passing through the seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit 017 and the second frequency shift unit 018 is marked as E4The signal expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003508705180000151
Figure BDA0003508705180000152
the first frequency shift unit 012 is controlled by a voltage controlled oscillator, and has an angular frequency and a compensation phase of ωlAnd
Figure BDA0003508705180000153
the second frequency shifting unit 018 is provided by an arbitrary frequency reference source, whose angular frequency and phase are ω, respectivelylAnd
Figure BDA0003508705180000154
said E3、E4The signals respectively pass through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 013 and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 019, are subjected to wave combination by the sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 016, pass through the transmission link 2, and enter the user end 3, where the signals received by the user end can be represented as:
Figure BDA0003508705180000155
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0003508705180000156
and
Figure BDA0003508705180000157
respectively, the phase noise introduced by the two paths of light wave signals in the transmission of the optical fiber link. The two optical wave signals input to the user terminal are demultiplexed by the first polarization control unit 305, the second Y-shaped optical coupling unit 304, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit 306, and the first wavelength demultiplexing unit 307, and then enter the first photoelectric detection unit 308 and the second photoelectric detection unit 309, respectively. Output signals of two lasers at a user end are demultiplexed through a first Y-shaped optical coupling unit 301, an optical power distribution network 302, a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 303, a third Y-shaped optical coupling unit 306 and a first wavelength demultiplexing unit 307, and then enter a first photoelectric detection unit 308 and a second photoelectric detection unit 309 respectively. Therefore, the two paths of light wave signals input to the slave end and the output of the two paths of local lasers are respectively locked with each other to realize signal amplification, and the photonic wave millimeter wave/terahertz signals after the local lasers at the slave end are locked can be expressed as follows:
Figure BDA0003508705180000158
wherein, ω isrAnd
Figure BDA0003508705180000159
the reference frequency and the phase of the optical phase-locked loop at the user terminal are respectively. One part of the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals after locking and amplification returns to the optical fiber link and is transmitted to the local end, the other part of the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals is demultiplexed by the second wavelength demultiplexing unit 310 and then is divided into two paths, one path of the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals passes through the fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 311, the first frequency shift unit 312 and the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 313, the other path of the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals passes through the seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit 317, the second frequency shift unit 318 and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 319, then is combined by the sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 316 and then is transmitted to the next stage or is converted into millimeter wave/terahertz signals after local photoelectric conversion. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz light waves at the user end can be expressed as follows after beat frequency:
Figure BDA0003508705180000161
the signal reflected by the user side is divided into two paths after passing through the optical fiber link 2 and being received by the sixth Y-type optical coupling unit 016 in the local end 1: one path of signal which enters the third photoelectric detection unit 015 through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 013 and the fifth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 014 and is output after beat frequency and filtering with the local laser output signal is marked as E8The other path of the light beam enters the fourth photoelectric detection unit 021 through the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 019 and the eighth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 020, and a signal output after beat frequency and filtering is recorded as E9The signal expression is as follows:
Figure BDA0003508705180000162
Figure BDA0003508705180000163
by combining two intermediate frequency signals E8And E9After sideband is taken off by mixing, by servo controlThe controller controls a driving frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator so that:
Figure BDA0003508705180000164
at the moment, the phase-stable photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal can be obtained at the user end
Figure BDA0003508705180000165
Figure BDA0003508705180000166
Similarly, if the photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signals need to be distributed to a plurality of users, the optical power distribution unit can be used for distributing the optical signals to the N optical branches, and the signals to be transmitted are simultaneously transmitted to the N user sides by the method, so that the transmission of the photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signals of multiple nodes is realized.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A general silicon-based integrated photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transfer chip is characterized by comprising a first Y-shaped optical coupler (1) and an optical power distribution unit (2);
the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first Y-shaped coupler (1) are connected with two input paths of lasers, the 1 st port of the first Y-shaped coupler (1) is connected with the input port of the optical power distribution unit (2), the optical power distribution unit (2) has N output ports which are respectively connected with a first optical path, a second optical path, a third optical path, … … and an Nth optical path, wherein the second optical path, the third optical path, … … and the Nth optical path are the same;
the first optical path comprises a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit (3), a second Y-shaped optical coupler (4), a polarization control unit (5), a third Y-shaped optical coupler (6), a first wavelength division demultiplexing unit (7), a first photoelectric detection unit (8) and a second photoelectric detection unit (9); a 1 st port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit (3) is connected with a 1 st output port of the optical power distribution unit (2), and a 2 nd port and a 3 rd port of the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit (3) are respectively connected with a 3 rd port of the second Y-type coupler (4) and a 2 nd port of the third Y-type coupler (6); the 1 st port and the 2 nd port of the second Y-shaped coupler (4) are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the polarization control unit (5) and the 3 rd port of the third Y-shaped coupler (6); the 1 st port of the third Y-shaped coupler (6) is connected with the 1 st port of the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit (7); the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit (7) are respectively connected with the light input ports of the first photoelectric detection unit (8) and the second photoelectric detection unit (9); the 2 nd port of the polarization control unit (5) is connected with a transmission link or a photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal output by the previous stage;
the second optical path comprises a second wavelength division demultiplexing unit (10), a fourth Y-shaped optical coupler (11), a first frequency shifter unit (12), a second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (13), a fifth Y-shaped optical coupler (14), a third photoelectric detection unit (15), a sixth Y-shaped optical coupler (16), a seventh Y-shaped optical coupler (17), a second frequency shifter unit (18), a third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (19), an eighth Y-shaped optical coupler (20) and a fourth photoelectric detection unit (21); a 2 nd output port of the optical power distribution unit (2) is connected with a 1 st port of the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit (10), and a 2 nd port and a 3 rd port of the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit (10) are respectively connected with a 1 st port of a fourth Y-type optical coupler (11) and a 1 st port of a seventh Y-type optical coupler (17); the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the fourth Y-shaped optical coupler (11) are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the first frequency shifter unit (12) and the 2 nd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler (14); the 2 nd port of the first frequency shifter unit (12) is connected with the 3 rd port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (13); the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the fifth Y-shaped optical coupler (14) are respectively connected with the 2 nd port of the third photoelectric detection unit (15) and the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (13); the 1 st port of the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (13) is connected with the 3 rd port of a sixth Y-shaped optical coupler (16); the 2 nd port and the 3 rd port of the seventh Y-shaped optical coupler (17) are respectively connected with the 1 st port of the second frequency shifter unit (18) and the 2 nd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler (20); the 2 nd port of the second frequency shifter unit (18) is connected with the 3 rd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (19); the 1 st port and the 3 rd port of the eighth Y-shaped optical coupler (20) are respectively connected with the fourth photoelectric detection unit (21) and the 2 nd port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (19); the 1 st port of the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (19) is connected with the 2 nd port of the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler (16); the 1 st port of the sixth Y-shaped optical coupler (16) is connected with a transmission link or a photonic millimeter wave/terahertz receiving end;
the Nth optical path comprises an Nth wavelength division demultiplexing unit (22) and the like;
the first Y-shaped optical coupler (1), the optical power distribution unit (2), the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit (3), the second Y-shaped optical coupler (4), the polarization control unit (5), the third Y-shaped optical coupler (6), the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit (7), the first photoelectric detection unit (8), the second photoelectric detection unit (9), the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit (10) and the fourth Y-shaped optical coupler (11), a first frequency shifter unit (12), a second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (13), a fifth Y-shaped optical coupler (14), a third photoelectric detection unit (15), a sixth Y-shaped optical coupler (16), a seventh Y-shaped optical coupler (17), a second frequency shifter unit (18), a third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (19), an eighth Y-shaped optical coupler (20), a fourth photoelectric detection unit (21) and an Nth wavelength division demultiplexing unit (22) are integrated on a chip.
2. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip integrated on a general silicon substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit (7), the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit (10) to the nth wavelength division demultiplexing unit (22) comprise a first tunable micro-ring filter, a second tunable micro-ring filter and 1 connecting waveguide, an input end of the first tunable micro-ring filter and an output end of the second tunable micro-ring filter serve as an input end and an output end of the double micro-ring type wavelength division demultiplexer, an output end of the first tunable micro-ring filter is connected with an input end of the connecting waveguide, and an input end of the second tunable micro-ring filter is connected with an output end of the connecting waveguide; the first adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-shaped waveguide with the radius of 10 microns and 2 straight waveguides respectively, and a metal thermal resistance structure based on titanium nitride is integrated on the runway-shaped waveguide and used for adjusting phase difference; the second adjustable micro-ring filter comprises 1 runway-type waveguide with the radius of 8 microns and 2 straight waveguides respectively, and a metal thermal resistance structure based on titanium nitride is integrated on the runway-type waveguide and used for adjusting the phase difference.
3. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip integrated on a universal silicon substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first Y-type optical coupler (1), the second Y-type optical coupler (4), the third Y-type optical coupler (6), the fourth Y-type optical coupler (11), the fifth Y-type optical coupler (14), the sixth Y-type optical coupler (16), the seventh Y-type optical coupler (17) and the eighth Y-type optical coupler (20) are implemented by using a directional coupler, a multimode interferometer or a Y-branch waveguide structure.
4. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transfer chip integrated on a universal silicon substrate according to claim 1, wherein the first frequency shifter unit (12) and the second frequency shifter unit (18) comprise two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators, 1 optical beam splitter, 1 optical beam combiner and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the optical beam splitter and the output end of the optical beam combiner are used as the input end and the output end of the frequency shifter; the input ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are connected with the two output ends of the optical beam combiner, and the output ports of the two parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators are respectively connected with the input port of the thermal phase shifter; the output port of the thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the two input ports of the optical beam splitter; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the Mach-Zehnder modulator comprises 1 optical beam combiner, 1 optical beam splitter and two connecting waveguides, wherein a phase shifter based on a PIN diode is integrated on each waveguide and used for loading modulation signals, and a phase shifter based on a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure is integrated on each waveguide and used for adjusting proper phase difference; the optical beam combiner and the optical beam splitter can be realized by adopting a multi-mode interference device combination or a directional coupler structure.
5. The universal silicon-based integrated photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission chip according to claim 1, wherein the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit (3), the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit (13) and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit (19) comprise a gradient ridge waveguide and an asymmetric directional coupler; the input end of the gradient ridge waveguide is the input end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; the output end of the gradually-changed ridge waveguide is connected with the input end of the asymmetric directional coupler; the output end of the asymmetric directional coupler is used as the output end of the polarization rotation beam splitter; due to the asymmetric introduction mode hybridization of the structure in the height direction, the gradually-changed ridge waveguide can convert input TM0 polarized light into a TE1 mode by designing a proper waveguide size, and TE0 polarized light is kept unchanged; the asymmetric directional coupler comprises two graded strip-shaped waveguides, and the TE1 mode of the upper waveguide is matched with the TE0 mode of the lower waveguide in phase by designing reasonable waveguide size, so that the TE1 mode and the TE0 mode are separated; therefore, the input TM0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitter and is output from the lower output port, and the polarization rotation is TE 0; the input TE0 polarized light passes through the polarization rotation beam splitter and is output from the upper output port, and the polarization state is kept unchanged.
6. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transfer chip for silicon-based universal integration according to claim 1, wherein the polarization control unit (5) comprises a polarization rotation beam splitter, a mach-zehnder interferometer and two thermal phase shifters; the input end of the polarization controller is connected with the input end of the polarization rotating beam splitter; two output ends of the polarization rotation beam splitter are respectively connected with two input ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; two output ends of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer are used as output ends of the polarization controller; the two thermal phase shifters are integrated on a connecting waveguide of the polarization rotation beam splitter and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer; another waveguide arm integrated in said mach-zehnder interferometer; the polarization rotation beam splitter and the polarization rotation beam splitting unit adopt the same structure; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure, and the polarization direction of any input light can be adjusted and controlled by adjusting the phase shifting amount of the two thermal phase shifters.
7. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transfer chip integrated on a general purpose silicon substrate as claimed in claim 1, wherein the optical power distribution unit (2) comprises first to nth mach-zehnder modulators, first to nth optical beam splitters, and first to nth thermal phase shifters; the input end of the first optical beam splitter is used as the input end of the optical power distribution unit; two output ends of the first optical beam splitter are connected with two input ends of the first Mach-Zehnder modulator, and output ports of the Mach-Zehnder modulator are respectively connected with input ports of the thermal phase shifters; the output port of the thermal phase shifter is respectively connected with the input ports of the second optical beam splitter and the third optical beam splitter, and the analogy is repeated to obtain a 1 xN optical power distribution unit structure; the thermal phase shifter adopts a metal thermal resistor or waveguide thermal resistor structure and is used for adjusting proper phase difference; the optical splitter can be realized by adopting a multi-mode interference device combination or a directional coupler structure.
8. A silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transmission system comprises a local end (1), a transmission link (2) and a user end (3); it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
the local end and the user end both comprise the chip of any one of claims 1 to 7;
the two light wave signals input to the local end and the signals output by the local two lasers are respectively locked to realize signal amplification, meanwhile, the two light wave signals enter a second light path after the other part of the local lasers are locked, the two light wave signals are divided into two paths after passing through the demultiplexer, and the two paths of signals respectively pass through the frequency shift unit. One path of frequency shift unit is controlled by a voltage-controlled oscillator, and the other path is controlled by an arbitrary frequency reference source. Two paths of signals with terahertz intervals are combined into the transmission link after frequency shifting, signals reflected by the user side pass through two photoelectric detection units, the frequency difference between a round-trip optical frequency signal and a local optical frequency signal is detected, and phase noise introduced by the transmission link in forward transmission photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals is compensated by controlling the working frequency of two frequency shifters, so that the user side obtains optical frequency signals with stable phases;
when the millimeter wave/terahertz signal is received by the user side, the millimeter wave/terahertz signal enters the two photoelectric detection units of the first optical path through the first optical path to be detected, and therefore the two paths of light wave signals input to the user side and the output of the two local lasers are mutually locked respectively to achieve signal amplification. One part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal returns to the optical fiber link and is transmitted to the main end, and the other part of the locked and amplified photon millimeter wave/terahertz signal is used as a local signal and is transmitted to the next stage through a second optical path or is converted into a millimeter wave/terahertz signal after local photoelectric conversion.
9. A silicon-based photonic millimeter wave/terahertz transfer method of the system of claim 8, comprising the steps of:
at the local end 1, the two optical signals to be transmitted are respectively
Figure FDA0003508705170000041
Figure FDA0003508705170000051
In which the difference between the two angular frequencies and the phase is matched to the frequency and phase of the millimetre wave, i.e. ω1-ω2＝ωmmw，
Figure FDA0003508705170000052
The two optical wave signals input to the main terminal are demultiplexed by the first polarization control unit 005, the second Y-type optical coupling unit 004, the third Y-type optical coupling unit 006 and the first wavelength demultiplexing unit 007, and then enter the first photoelectric detection unit 008 and the second photoelectric detection unit 009, respectively. Signals output by the two local lasers are combined through the first Y-shaped optical coupling unit 001, the combined signals pass through the optical power distribution network 002, are demultiplexed through the first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 003, the third Y-shaped optical coupling unit 006 and the first wavelength demultiplexing unit 007, and then respectively enter the first photoelectric detection unit 008 and the second photoelectric detection unit 009, so that the two optical wave signals input to the main end and the signals output by the two local lasers can be respectively locked to realize signal amplification, and the angular frequencies of the two optical wave signals locked by the local lasers are respectively omega1+ωaAnd ω2+ωaAnd initial phases are respectively
Figure FDA0003508705170000053
And
Figure FDA0003508705170000054
meanwhile, after the local laser is locked, two paths of optical wave signals are distributed to the main end transmission branch circuit through the first Y-type optical coupling unit 001 and the optical power distribution network 002, the two paths of optical signals are demultiplexed into wavelength division multiplexing optical signals through the second wavelength division demultiplexing unit 010, and the output signal after one path of optical wave signals passes through the fourth Y-type optical coupling unit 011 and the first frequency shift unit 012 is marked as E3And the other path is optically coupled through the seventh Y-shaped lightThe signals output by the unit 017 and the second frequency shift unit 018 are marked as E4The signal expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003508705170000055
Figure FDA0003508705170000056
the first frequency shift unit 012 is controlled by a voltage controlled oscillator, and has an angular frequency and a compensation phase of ωlAnd
Figure FDA0003508705170000057
the second frequency shifting unit 018 is provided by an arbitrary frequency reference source, whose angular frequency and phase are ω, respectivelylAnd
Figure FDA0003508705170000058
said E3、E4The signals respectively pass through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 013 and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 019, are subjected to wave combination by the sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 016, pass through the transmission link 2, and enter the user end 3, where the signals received by the user end can be represented as:
Figure FDA0003508705170000059
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA00035087051700000510
and
Figure FDA00035087051700000511
respectively, the phase noise introduced by the two paths of light wave signals in the transmission of the optical fiber link. The two optical wave signals input to the user terminal also pass through the first polarization control unit 305, the second Y-shaped optical coupling unit 304,The third Y-shaped optical coupling unit 306 and the first wavelength division demultiplexing unit 307 respectively enter the first photoelectric detection unit 308 and the second photoelectric detection unit 309 after demultiplexing. Output signals of two lasers at a user end are demultiplexed through a first Y-shaped optical coupling unit 301, an optical power distribution network 302, a first polarization rotation beam splitting unit 303, a third Y-shaped optical coupling unit 306 and a first wavelength demultiplexing unit 307, and then enter a first photoelectric detection unit 308 and a second photoelectric detection unit 309 respectively. Therefore, the two paths of light wave signals input to the slave end and the output of the two paths of local lasers are respectively locked with each other to realize signal amplification, and the photonic wave millimeter wave/terahertz signals after the local lasers at the slave end are locked can be expressed as follows:
Figure FDA0003508705170000061
wherein, ω isrAnd
Figure FDA0003508705170000062
the reference frequency and the phase of the optical phase-locked loop at the user terminal are respectively. One part of the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals after locking and amplification returns to the optical fiber link and is transmitted to the local end, the other part of the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals is demultiplexed by the second wavelength demultiplexing unit 310 and then is divided into two paths, one path of the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals passes through the fourth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 311, the first frequency shift unit 312 and the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 313, the other path of the photon millimeter wave/terahertz signals passes through the seventh Y-shaped optical coupling unit 317, the second frequency shift unit 318 and the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 319, then is combined by the sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 316 and then is transmitted to the next stage or is converted into millimeter wave/terahertz signals after local photoelectric conversion. The photonic millimeter wave/terahertz light waves at the user end can be expressed as follows after beat frequency:
Figure FDA0003508705170000063
the signal reflected by the user end passes through the optical fiber link 2 and then passes throughThe sixth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 016 in local end 1 is divided into two paths after receiving: one path of signal which enters the third photoelectric detection unit 015 through the second polarization rotation beam splitting unit 013 and the fifth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 014 and is output after beat frequency and filtering with the local laser output signal is marked as E8The other path of the signal enters the fourth photoelectric detection unit 021 through the third polarization rotation beam splitting unit 019 and the eighth Y-shaped optical coupling unit 020, beats the frequency with the output signal of the local laser, and is filtered, and the output signal is recorded as E9The signal expression is as follows:
Figure FDA0003508705170000064
Figure FDA0003508705170000065
by combining two intermediate frequency signals E8And E9After the sideband is taken down through frequency mixing, the driving frequency of the voltage-controlled oscillator is controlled through a servo controller, so that:
Figure FDA0003508705170000066
at the moment, the phase-stable photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal can be obtained at the user end
Figure FDA0003508705170000067
Figure FDA0003508705170000068
10. The silicon-based photonic millimeter wave and terahertz transmission method according to claim 9, wherein if photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signals are required to be distributed to a plurality of users, the optical power distribution unit is used to distribute the optical signals to the N optical branches, and the signals to be transmitted are simultaneously transmitted to the N user sides by the method, so that multi-node photonic millimeter wave/terahertz signal transmission is realized.
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