CN114564047A - Unmanned aerial vehicle constant-speed flight control method considering meteorological conditions - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an unmanned aerial vehicle constant-speed flight control method considering meteorological conditions, which comprises the following steps of establishing a flight dynamics equation of an unmanned aerial vehicle; converting a flight dynamics equation into an unmanned aerial vehicle state space equation, and adding a meteorological condition disturbance item; designing a sliding mode surface by using an unmanned aerial vehicle state space equation, carrying out Yapnov stability judgment on the sliding mode surface to obtain an inner-outer ring controller, designing a self-adaptation law corresponding to the meteorological condition disturbance term, and substituting the self-adaptation law into the inner-outer ring controller to obtain an inner-outer ring sliding mode controller capable of realizing parameter self-adaptation; and setting a flying speed, and when the unmanned aerial vehicle is disturbed by meteorological conditions, realizing constant-speed flying of the unmanned aerial vehicle through the parameter self-adaptive inner and outer ring sliding mode controller. The method adopts parameter self-adaptation, has obvious inhibiting effect on disturbance brought to the unmanned aerial vehicle by different complex meteorology, has relatively high control convergence speed, and does not bring large extra weight to the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of unmanned aerial vehicle flight control, and particularly relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle constant-speed flight control method considering meteorological conditions.
Background
In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles have become increasingly a research hotspot in the field of aviation. Unmanned aerial vehicles, as a product of modern science and technology, have an irreplaceable status in the civil field and also play a great role in the military field, so that the research and development investment on unmanned aerial vehicles is increased in each country. Along with the further expansion of unmanned aerial vehicle application range, it inevitably can meet complex meteorological conditions such as rainfall, icing, gust in flight process, these complex meteorology can bring certain influence to unmanned aerial vehicle's flight, raindrop striking unmanned aerial vehicle can bring additional power and additional moment under the rainfall environment for example, icing can worsen unmanned aerial vehicle flight performance, the gust also can give unmanned aerial vehicle increase additional aerodynamic force and moment, under the influence of these complex meteorological factors, unmanned aerial vehicle just hardly continues to keep predetermined speed flight. Therefore, the research on the constant-speed flight control method of the unmanned aerial vehicle under the complex meteorological condition has important significance for the development of the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that the unmanned aerial vehicle cannot keep the flying speed due to interference under the complex meteorological conditions, provides a constant-speed flight control method of the unmanned aerial vehicle considering the meteorological conditions, and provides technical reference for the unmanned aerial vehicle to fly under the complex meteorological conditions. By designing a sliding mode surface and adopting a Lyapunov direct method to design a self-adaptive law and a controller according to a stability criterion, the unmanned aerial vehicle can keep the flying speed under the influence of meteorological factors.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an unmanned aerial vehicle constant-speed flight control method considering meteorological conditions comprises the following steps:
s1, establishing a flight dynamics equation of the unmanned aerial vehicle under the axis system of the unmanned aerial vehicle based on the plane earth hypothesis;
s2, converting the flight dynamics equation into an unmanned aerial vehicle state space equation, and adding a meteorological condition disturbance term;
s3, designing a sliding mode surface by using an unmanned aerial vehicle state space equation, carrying out japunoff stability judgment on the sliding mode surface to obtain an inner-outer ring controller, designing a self-adaptation law corresponding to the meteorological condition disturbance term, and substituting the self-adaptation law into the inner-outer ring controller to obtain an inner-outer ring sliding mode controller capable of realizing parameter self-adaptation;
and S4, setting a flying speed, and when the unmanned aerial vehicle is disturbed by meteorological conditions, realizing constant-speed flying of the unmanned aerial vehicle through the parameter self-adaptive inner and outer ring sliding mode controller.
Further, in step S2, the unmanned aerial vehicle state space equation after the meteorological condition disturbance term is added specifically is:
whereinIn the form of a matrix of state quantities,in order to control the matrix of quantities,in order to be a matrix of the system,in order to input the matrix, the input matrix is,representing disturbances caused by meteorological conditions.
Further, in step S3, the control amount of the outer loop controller is set toThe control quantity of the inner ring controller isThe inner and outer ring state space equations are specifically
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
respectively representing the speed of the machine body in the X, Y and Z directions;respectively representing a rolling angular velocity, a pitch angular velocity and a yaw angular velocity;respectively representing a pitch angle and a roll angle;respectively representing roll moment, pitch moment and yaw moment;respectively represents the rotational inertia of the unmanned aerial vehicle to the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis,representing the products of inertia of the drone on the X and Z axes;respectively representing that the unmanned aerial vehicle is subjected to pneumatic resultant force along an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis;respectively representing components of the engine thrust on an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis;which represents the acceleration of the force of gravity,representing the drone quality;represents a dynamic pressure;showing the length of the spread;representing the wing area;representing the flight speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle;respectively representing an aileron deflection angle, a rudder deflection angle and an elevator deflection angle;respectively representing the moment coefficients along the X, Y and Z axes of the machine body;respectively representing the rate of change of a roll torque coefficient relative to the deflection angle of the aileron, the rate of change of the roll torque coefficient relative to the rudder deflection angle, the rate of change of the roll torque coefficient relative to the roll angular speed and the rate of change of the roll torque coefficient relative to the yaw angular speed;respectively representing the rate of change of a pitch moment coefficient relative to the deflection angle of the elevator and the rate of change of the pitch moment coefficient relative to the pitch angle speed;respectively representing the change of yaw moment about the angle of deflection of the aileronRate, rate of change of yaw moment with respect to rudder yaw angle, rate of change of yaw moment with respect to roll angular velocity, rate of change of yaw moment with respect to yaw angular velocity.
Further, in step S3, for the outer ring controller, the sliding surface is
For an inner ring controller, the sliding mode surface is
WhereinRepresents the function of the sliding mode surface,which represents an error in the form of,K i represents a constant coefficient of the output signal of the amplifier,twhich represents the time of day,representing the expected value.
Further, in step S3, the determination of the stability of the sliding mode surface luggage japonov to obtain the inner and outer ring controller is specifically
Consider the following Lyapunov candidate function:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,W 1is a first candidate function;
derivation of this can yield:
whereinIn order to determine the constant coefficient to be determined,for disturbing complex weatherFor time invariant disturbances, sgn is a sign function;
further, in the step S3, the adaptive law corresponding to the meteorological condition disturbance term is designed as
Consider the following Lyapunov candidate function:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,W 2in order to be a second candidate function,is a constant coefficient to be determined;
derivation of this can yield:
further, in step S3, the inner and outer ring sliding mode controller is specifically an
Outer loop sliding mode controller:
inner ring sliding mode controller:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides an unmanned aerial vehicle constant-speed flight control method considering meteorological conditions, which is characterized in that a sliding mode surface is designed, and a Lyapunov direct method is adopted to stabilize criteria to design a self-adaptive law and a controller, so that the unmanned aerial vehicle can keep constant-speed flight under the influence of meteorological factors. The method provided by the invention adopts a parameter self-adaptive method, so that the disturbance of the unmanned aerial vehicle caused by different complex meteorology is obviously inhibited, the control convergence speed is relatively high, and meanwhile, the control method provided by the invention cannot bring large extra weight to the unmanned aerial vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for controlling constant-velocity flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle in consideration of meteorological conditions according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a logic diagram of the inner and outer ring sliding mode controller of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An unmanned aerial vehicle constant-speed flight control method considering meteorological conditions is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following steps:
firstly, establishing a flight dynamics equation of the unmanned aerial vehicle as follows:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,respectively representing the speed of the machine body in the X, Y and Z directions;respectively representing a rolling angular velocity, a pitch angular velocity and a yaw angular velocity;respectively representing a pitch angle and a roll angle;respectively representing roll moment, pitch moment and yaw moment;respectively represents the rotational inertia of the unmanned aerial vehicle to the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis,representing the inertia product of the unmanned aerial vehicle on the X axis and the Z axis;respectively representing that the unmanned aerial vehicle is subjected to pneumatic resultant force along an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis;respectively representing components of the engine thrust on an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis;which represents the acceleration of the force of gravity,indicating the drone quality.
The specific expressions of force and moment are as follows:
the symbols represent the following meanings:
respectively representing an attack angle and a sideslip angle;represents a dynamic pressure;showing the stretching length;representing a chord length;representing the wing area;representing the flight speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle;respectively representing an aileron deflection angle, a rudder deflection angle and an elevator deflection angle;respectively representing force coefficients along X, Y and Z axes of the machine body;respectively representing the change rate of the force coefficient along the X axis of the body relative to the deflection angle of the elevator and the change rate of the force coefficient along the Z axis of the body relative to the deflection angle of the elevator;representing the rate of change of the force coefficient along the Y axis of the body with respect to the aileron deflection angle;representing the rate of change of the force coefficient along the Y axis of the body with respect to the rudder deflection angle;respectively representing the change rate of a force coefficient along an X axis relative to the pitch angle speed, the change rate of the force coefficient along a Y axis relative to the roll angle speed, the change rate of the force coefficient along the Y axis relative to the yaw angle speed and the change rate of the force coefficient along a Z axis relative to the pitch angle speed;respectively representing the moment coefficients along the X, Y and Z axes of the machine body;respectively representing the rate of change of a roll torque coefficient relative to the deflection angle of the aileron, the rate of change of the roll torque coefficient relative to the rudder deflection angle, the rate of change of the roll torque coefficient relative to the roll angular speed and the rate of change of the roll torque coefficient relative to the yaw angular speed;respectively representing the rate of change of a pitch moment coefficient relative to the deflection angle of the elevator and the rate of change of the pitch moment coefficient relative to the pitch angle speed;the yaw moment rate of change with respect to the aileron yaw angle, the yaw moment rate of change with respect to the rudder yaw angle, the yaw moment rate of change with respect to the roll angle speed, and the yaw moment rate of change with respect to the yaw angle speed are respectively indicated.
Secondly, converting the flight dynamics equation of the unmanned aerial vehicle into an unmanned aerial vehicle state space equation, and adding a meteorological condition disturbance term as follows:
whereinIn the form of a matrix of state quantities,in order to control the matrix of quantities,in order to be a matrix of the system,in order to input the matrix, the input matrix is,representing the disturbance caused by complex weather, assuming that the disturbance is of a time-invariant nature.
Thirdly, as shown in fig. 2, the unmanned aerial vehicle is divided into an inner ring control and an outer ring control, wherein the outer ring control quantity isThe inner ring control quantity is. When the unmanned aerial vehicle is disturbed by complex weather, the control quantity of the inner ring of the control surface is firstly passedChanging angular velocity of unmanned aerial vehicleAnd then the outer loop control is entered. Now in the outer loop control, the angular velocity of the droneFor control input, the input will be speed after the drone is disturbedRemain in the ideal state. Two sets of state space equations are obtained according to the flight dynamics equation of the unmanned aerial vehicle as follows:
the flight dynamics equation of the unmanned aerial vehicle is combined to obtainf i (x), g i (x) The specific expression of (A) is as follows:
the fourth step, define the sliding mode surface asWherein,. For outer ring control, the slip form face is,,(ii) a For inner ring control, the slip form surface is,,. WhereinRepresents the function of the sliding mode surface,which represents an error in the form of,K i representing a constant number of coefficients of the output signal,twhich represents the time of day,representing the desired value.
Fifthly, designing the controller under the condition of considering unknown complex meteorological disturbance through a Lyapunov stability criterion to obtain the controller with the unknown disturbance, designing an adaptive law for the complex meteorological disturbance by adopting the Lyapunov stability criterion again, and substituting the adaptive law to obtain the final controller.
Consider the following Lyapunov candidate function:
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,W 1is a first candidate function;
derivation of this can yield:
whereinIn order to determine the constant coefficient to be determined,for disturbing complex weatherFor time invariant perturbations, sgn is a sign function.
consider again the following Lyapunov candidate function:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,W 2in order to be a second one of the candidate functions,is a constant coefficient to be determined;
derivation of this can yield:
substituting the adaptive law into the controllerIn this way, the final sliding mode controller expression can be obtained as follows:
the resulting sliding mode controller can thus be obtained as follows:
outer loop sliding mode controller:
an inner ring sliding mode controller:
sixthly, setting an ideal speedWhen the unmanned aerial vehicle is disturbed by complex weather, the unmanned aerial vehicle passes through the self-adaptation lawReal-time updating sliding mode controllerThe unmanned aerial vehicle can fly at a constant speed under the disturbance of complex weather.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that are within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An unmanned aerial vehicle constant-speed flight control method considering meteorological conditions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, establishing a flight dynamics equation of the unmanned aerial vehicle under the axis system of the unmanned aerial vehicle based on the plane earth hypothesis;
s2, converting the flight dynamics equation into an unmanned aerial vehicle state space equation, and adding a meteorological condition disturbance term;
s3, designing a sliding mode surface by using an unmanned aerial vehicle state space equation, carrying out japunoff stability judgment on the sliding mode surface to obtain an inner-outer ring controller, designing a self-adaptation law corresponding to the meteorological condition disturbance term, and substituting the self-adaptation law into the inner-outer ring controller to obtain an inner-outer ring sliding mode controller capable of realizing parameter self-adaptation;
and S4, setting a flying speed, and when the unmanned aerial vehicle is disturbed by meteorological conditions, realizing constant-speed flying of the unmanned aerial vehicle through the parameter self-adaptive inner and outer ring sliding mode controller.
2. The method for controlling the constant-speed flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle considering the meteorological conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step S2, the unmanned aerial vehicle state space equation after the meteorological condition disturbance term is added is specifically as follows:
3. The method of controlling the constant speed flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the step S3 is performed by setting the control amount of the outer loop controller to beThe control quantity of the inner ring controller isThe inner and outer ring state space equations are specifically
Wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,
respectively representing the speeds of the machine body in the X, Y and Z directions;respectively representing a rolling angular velocity, a pitch angular velocity and a yaw angular velocity;respectively representing a pitch angle and a roll angle;respectively representing roll moment, pitch moment and yaw moment;respectively represents the rotational inertia of the unmanned aerial vehicle to the X axis, the Y axis and the Z axis,representing the products of inertia of the drone on the X and Z axes;respectively representing that the unmanned aerial vehicle is subjected to pneumatic resultant force along an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis;respectively representing components of the engine thrust on an X axis, a Y axis and a Z axis;which represents the acceleration of the force of gravity,representing the unmanned aerial vehicle mass;represents a dynamic pressure;showing the stretching length;representing the wing area;representing the flight speed of the unmanned aerial vehicle;respectively representing an aileron deflection angle, a rudder deflection angle and an elevator deflection angle;respectively representing the moment coefficients along the X, Y and Z axes of the machine body;respectively representing the rate of change of a roll torque coefficient relative to the deflection angle of the aileron, the rate of change of the roll torque coefficient relative to the rudder deflection angle, the rate of change of the roll torque coefficient relative to the roll angular speed and the rate of change of the roll torque coefficient relative to the yaw angular speed;respectively representing the coefficient of pitching moment in relation to elevatorsThe yaw rate, the pitch moment coefficient with respect to the pitch angle rate;the yaw moment rate of change with respect to the aileron yaw angle, the yaw moment rate of change with respect to the rudder yaw angle, the yaw moment rate of change with respect to the roll angle speed, and the yaw moment rate of change with respect to the yaw angle speed are respectively indicated.
4. The method for controlling the constant-speed flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle based on the meteorological conditions, according to the step S3, wherein for the outer-loop controller, the sliding mode surface is
For an inner ring controller, the sliding mode surface is
5. The method for controlling the constant-speed flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle considering meteorological conditions as claimed in claim 4, wherein in the step S3, the sliding mode surface is subjected to the determination of the stability of the luggage so as to obtain the inner and outer ring controllers, specifically, the inner and outer ring controllers are determined by the determination of the japonov stability
Consider the following Lyapunov candidate function:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,W 1is a first candidate function;
derivation of this can yield:
whereinIn order to determine the constant coefficient to be determined,for disturbing complex weatherFor time invariant disturbances, sgn is a sign function;
6. the method for controlling constant-velocity flight of unmanned aerial vehicle based on weather conditions as claimed in claim 5, wherein the step S3 is implemented by designing an adaptive law corresponding to the weather condition disturbance term
Consider the following Lyapunov candidate function:
wherein the content of the first and second substances,W 2in order to be a second candidate function,is a constant coefficient to be determined;
derivation of this can yield:
7. the method for controlling the constant-speed flight of the unmanned aerial vehicle considering meteorological conditions according to claim 6, wherein in the step S3, the inner and outer ring sliding mode controllers are specifically inner and outer ring sliding mode controllers
Outer loop sliding mode controller:
inner ring sliding mode controller:
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