CN114562634A - Flexible oversleeve sealing liner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Flexible oversleeve sealing liner and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114562634A
CN114562634A CN202210190676.6A CN202210190676A CN114562634A CN 114562634 A CN114562634 A CN 114562634A CN 202210190676 A CN202210190676 A CN 202210190676A CN 114562634 A CN114562634 A CN 114562634A
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China
Prior art keywords
liner
section
layer
oil
gas pipeline
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Granted
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CN202210190676.6A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN114562634B (en
Inventor
陶宏伟
杨川
刘雪光
张仕民
冼国栋
丁庆新
王明波
李猛
李开鸿
朱建平
胡洪宣
朱霄霄
张行
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China Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Corp
National Pipeline Network Southwest Pipeline Co Ltd
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China Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Corp
National Pipeline Network Southwest Pipeline Co Ltd
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Priority to CN202210190676.6A priority Critical patent/CN114562634B/en
Publication of CN114562634A publication Critical patent/CN114562634A/en
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Publication of CN114562634B publication Critical patent/CN114562634B/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16LPIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L55/00Devices or appurtenances for use in, or in connection with, pipes or pipe systems
    • F16L55/16Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders
    • F16L55/168Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe
    • F16L55/17Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe by means of rings, bands or sleeves pressed against the outside surface of the pipe or hose
    • F16L55/172Devices for covering leaks in pipes or hoses, e.g. hose-menders from outside the pipe by means of rings, bands or sleeves pressed against the outside surface of the pipe or hose the ring, band or sleeve being tightened by a tangentially arranged threaded pin and a nut
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B29C35/0288Controlling heating or curing of polymers during moulding, e.g. by measuring temperatures or properties of the polymer and regulating the process

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a flexible oversleeve sealing liner and a preparation method thereof, wherein the sealing liner comprises an upper liner and a lower liner which are oppositely arranged and sleeved on the peripheral surface of a damaged section of an oil and gas pipeline, the upper liner and the lower liner respectively comprise a first section, a second section and a third section, the first section and the third section are tightly attached to the peripheral surface of the oil and gas pipeline, and the inner diameter of the second section is larger than the outer diameter of the pipeline; from inside to outside, the first section, the second section and the third section all comprise at least one layer of lining layer, a cord fabric layer and a rubber layer, wherein the rubber layer comprises a first arc-shaped part and a first connecting lug; the lining layer comprises a second arc-shaped part and a second connecting lug; the cord fabric is arranged between the inner liner layer and the rubber layer to increase the mechanical strength of the sealed liner. The invention has the advantages that: the installation is convenient, and the response can be quickly made when the leakage accident occurs to the oil and gas pipeline; the flexible oversleeve sealing liner has double fixing modes of the supporting plate and the guard plate, and can be prevented from deviating in the plugging process.

Description

Flexible oversleeve sealing liner and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to rapid control of radial large-deformation leakage of an oil and gas pipeline, in particular to a flexible oversleeve sealing liner which can be suitable for rapid sealing of leakage of the oil and gas pipeline in a mountainous area and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, the external pipe plugging technology aiming at the conventional defects of the pipeline is mature, but the external pipe plugging aiming at the leakage of the large deformation defects of the pipeline is rarely involved, and the conventional maintenance mode is to adopt thermal cutting to replace a pipe section or establish a bypass pipeline because the large deformation pipeline fails. But because the maintenance period is long, and the environmental pollution and economic loss caused by oil gas leakage in the period are huge, the research on the temporary and quick external pipe plugging tool for the large-deformation pipeline has great significance for plugging the damaged pipeline in the first time.
After the oil pipeline is damaged and leaked due to large deformation, the temporary plugging is carried out by adopting a flexible sleeve device. When the interior of the oversleeve is pressurized, the pressure-bearing carrier mainly comprises an external rigid guard plate and a shoulder protector, and the inner container mainly plays a sealing role to prevent crude oil leakage. In order to ensure the safety of sealing, the materials of the flexible sleeve liner need to be studied.
The application number is "CN 202111109051.4", the name is "flexible sealing member, oil gas pipeline maintenance device and flexible oversleeve machines", wherein, oil gas pipeline maintenance device has disclosed including: a first clamping assembly; the second clamping assembly and the first clamping assembly are arranged opposite to each other and clamped on the peripheral surface of the damaged section of the oil-gas pipeline, and sealing grooves are formed in the connecting positions of the second clamping assembly and the first clamping assembly along the length direction of the oil-gas pipeline, in the two ends of the first clamping assembly, in the contact surface positions between the two ends of the second clamping assembly and the peripheral surface of the oil-gas pipeline along the circumferential direction, and in the two ends of the second clamping assembly along the circumferential direction; the elastic sealing element is arranged in the sealing groove and comprises a medium input end; and the fluid medium supply unit is connected with the medium input end so as to supply fluid medium to make the elastic sealing element expand and deform and seal the space between the oil and gas pipeline and the first clamping assembly and the second clamping assembly. First centre gripping subassembly is still including setting up the first rubber inner bag layer on the inner wall of first arc grip block, second centre gripping subassembly is still including setting up second rubber inner bag layer on the inner wall of second arc grip block, elastic sealing element places first rubber inner bag layer with between the oil gas pipeline second rubber inner bag layer with between the oil gas pipeline and first rubber inner bag layer with between the second rubber inner bag layer. The application can realize sealing of multiple occasions and good sealing effect. However, this application does not disclose the specific configuration of the first and second rubber bladders.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to address one or more of the problems in the prior art as set forth above. For example, one of the objects of the present invention is to solve the leakage problem of damaged oil and gas pipelines.
One aspect of the invention provides a flexible oversleeve sealing liner, which can comprise an upper liner and a lower liner, wherein the upper liner and the lower liner can be arranged opposite to each other and sleeved on the peripheral surface of a damaged section of an oil and gas pipeline, the upper liner and the lower liner respectively comprise a first section, a second section and a third section which are divided along the length direction of the pipeline, wherein,
the first section and the third section are tightly attached to the outer peripheral surface of the oil and gas pipeline, and the inner diameter of the second section can be larger than the outer diameter of the pipeline;
the first, second, and third segments may each include, from the inside out, at least one innerliner layer, ply layer, and rubber layer, wherein,
the rubber layer can comprise a first arc-shaped part and a first connecting lug, the radian of the first arc-shaped part is matched with that of the outer peripheral surface of the oil and gas pipeline, the first connecting lug extends outwards from at least one of two ends of the first arc-shaped part along the radial direction for a preset length, and a U-shaped groove with an inward opening is formed in the first connecting lug along the length direction of the oil and gas pipeline;
the inner liner layer can comprise a second arc-shaped part and a second connecting lug, the radian of the second arc-shaped part is matched with that of the outer peripheral surface of the oil and gas pipeline, the second connecting lug extends outwards from at least one of two ends of the second arc-shaped part along the radial direction for a preset length, and the second connecting lug is arranged in the U-shaped groove;
the cord fabric layer is positioned between the inner liner layer and the rubber layer to increase the mechanical strength of the sealed liner;
the bottom of the first connecting lug can be provided with a semicircular groove along the length direction of the oil-gas pipeline.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, each of the first and third sections may include a straight cylinder section having a smaller diameter than the second section, and a transition section of the first section obliquely connected between the straight cylinder section of the first section and the second section, and a transition section of the third section obliquely connected between the straight cylinder section of the third section and the second section.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the material of the inner liner layer may be nitrile rubber with high oil resistance and corrosion resistance, and the rubber layer may be nitrile rubber with high oil resistance and corrosion resistance.
In one exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the ply may be composed of two or more layers of steel cords, the directions of which are staggered in the circumferential and axial directions.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the cross-sectional area of the steel cord may be 0.39 to 0.43mm2The distance between two adjacent steel cords in the steel cord can be 0.31-0.35 mm.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, a first positioning groove may be further provided on the first connection lug along a length direction of the oil and gas pipeline to prevent the contact portion of the inner bladder and the first connection lug from being displaced due to compressive deformation.
In an exemplary embodiment of an aspect of the present invention, the rubber layer may have a thickness of 3.7 to 4.1mm, the ply may have a thickness of 2.4 to 2.8mm, and the inner liner layer may have a thickness of 3.3 to 3.8 mm.
In another aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a flexible sleeve sealing liner is provided, which may include the steps of:
respectively forming a rubber layer, a cord fabric layer and an inner liner layer, and assembling the rubber layer, the cord fabric layer and the inner liner layer to form an inner liner intermediate material;
and vulcanizing the liner intermediate material under a preset condition to obtain a finished liner.
In an exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the temperature of the vulcanization may be 150 to 180 ℃, and the time of the vulcanization may be 10 to 20 min.
In one exemplary embodiment of another aspect of the present invention, the forming the rubber layer and the innerliner layer may include the steps of:
banburying the rubber raw materials at 150-180 ℃ for 10-20 min to obtain a rubber material required by liner production, and pressing and forming in a mold to obtain the rubber layer and the liner layer.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention can comprise at least one of the following:
(1) the structure is stable, the first fixing position groove and the second fixing position groove are used for fixing the flexible oversleeve sealing liner in a double mode, and the flexible oversleeve sealing liner is prevented from deviating;
(2) the installation speed is fast, can change, and the leak protection is stifled efficient.
Drawings
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of the structure of the flexible oversleeve sealing liner and the arc-shaped clamping plate;
FIG. 2 shows a schematic structural view of the upper liner of the flexible sleeve seal liner of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows a partial schematic view of the circumferential cross section of the upper bladder of the flexible sleeve seal bladder of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic structural view of the upper liner circumferential cords of the flexible sleeve seal liner of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows a schematic view of the construction of the axial cords of the upper bladder of the flexible sleeve seal bladder of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1-flexible sleeve sealing liner, 101-first section, 1011-straight cylinder section of the first section, 1012-transition section of the first section, 102-second section, 103-third section, 1031-straight cylinder section of the third section, 1032-transition section of the third section, 2-guard plate, 3-support plate, 4-oil gas pipeline, 5-bolt, 6-rubber layer, 61-U-shaped groove, 62-semicircular groove, 7-cord layer, 71-circumferential cord, 72-axial cord, 8-lining layer and 9-first positioning groove.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the flexible sleeve sealing liner and the method for manufacturing the same according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments.
It should be noted that "first," "second," "third," and the like are merely for convenience of description and for ease of distinction, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer" are merely for convenience of description and relative orientation or positional relationship, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced components must have that particular orientation or position.
In the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the flexible oversleeve sealing liner 1 is composed of an upper liner and a lower liner which are mirror-symmetric to each other, when the oil and gas pipeline 4 is damaged, the upper liner and the lower liner are sleeved on the outer surface of the damaged pipe section according to the corresponding positions, and then the first arc-shaped clamping plate and the second arc-shaped clamping plate of the oil and gas pipeline maintenance device are matched to seal the crushing section. Here, in fig. 1, the first arc-shaped clamping plate and the second arc-shaped clamping plate are combined into a structure matched with the shapes of the upper liner and the lower liner by a plurality of guard plates 2 and supporting plates 3, and are fixed by bolts 5. In figure 1, only two guard plates 2 are reserved in the flexible sleeve sealing liner for convenience of seeing.
As shown in fig. 2, along the length of the conduit, both the upper liner and the lower liner can include a first section 101, a second section 102, and a third section 103. Wherein, the partial or whole inner wall of first section 101 and third section 103 forms sealed with the outer peripheral surface of oil gas pipeline's close fitting. The inner diameter of the second section 102 is larger than the outer diameter of the oil and gas pipeline, so that a sealed cavity is formed between the inner wall of the flexible sleeve sealing liner and the outer wall of the oil and gas pipeline.
As shown in FIGS. 2-5, the first, second and third sections 101, 102 and 103 each include at least one innerliner layer 8, a ply layer 7 and a rubber layer 6 from the inside out.
Wherein, rubber layer 6 includes first arc portion and first engaging lug, and the radian of first arc portion and oil gas pipeline's peripheral surface matches, and first engaging lug outwards extends predetermined length along radial direction from at least one end in the both ends of first arc portion, is formed with the U type groove 61 that the opening inwards on the first engaging lug along oil gas pipeline radial direction. A semicircular groove 62 is formed at the bottom of the first connecting lug along the length direction of the oil and gas pipeline. When the upper liner and the lower liner are matched, the two semicircular grooves 62 form a circular channel, a filling air bag is arranged in the circular channel, fluid with certain pressure is injected into the filling air bag, the fluid and the leakage pressure in the pipeline are balanced, and the leaked oil and gas pipeline is blocked. Of course, semicircular grooves can be arranged on the surfaces of the first section and the third section, which are in contact with the periphery of the oil and gas pipeline, so that the sealing performance between the first section and the outer wall of the oil and gas pipeline is enhanced.
Inner liner 8 includes second arc portion and second engaging lug, and second arc portion matches with the radian of the outer peripheral surface of oil gas pipeline, and the second engaging lug is followed at least one end in the both ends of second arc portion outwards extends predetermined length along radial direction, and the second engaging lug sets up in U type groove 61.
The cord fabric layer 7 is positioned between the inner liner layer 8 and the rubber layer 6, so that the sealed liner has certain mechanical strength and keeps a specific shape.
In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, each of the first section 101 and the third section 103 may include a straight cylindrical section having a smaller diameter than the second section, and a transition section 1012 of the first section is obliquely connected between the straight cylindrical section 1011 of the first section and the second section 102, and a transition section 1032 of the third section is obliquely connected between the straight cylindrical section 1031 of the third section and the second section 102.
In this exemplary embodiment, the inner liner layer may be made of nitrile rubber with high oil resistance and corrosion resistance, and the rubber layer may be made of nitrile rubber with high oil resistance and corrosion resistance. Here, the rubber layer is located at the outermost layer of the liner structure, and is mainly used for protecting the cord fabric layer and the liner layer from external corrosion. The inner liner is in direct contact with the crude oil and also requires the use of oil and corrosion resistant materials. Of course, other oil and corrosion resistant rubbers may be used.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the ply may be composed of two or more layers of steel cords, the cord angle being 0 °, and the directions of the steel cords being staggered in the circumferential and axial directions. Here, the cord angle is the angle of the steel cord to the pipe axis or axis, depending on the particular orientation of the steel cord. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4 and 5, the ply may be composed of one layer of steel cords composed of circumferential cords 71 spaced a predetermined distance apart and one layer of steel cords composed of axial cords 72 spaced a predetermined distance apart. For example, the calendering density of the steel cord of the ply layer is 600 pieces/m, and the calendering thickness of the steel cord and the inner liner layer is 2.6 mm.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the cross-sectional area of the steel cord may be 0.39 to 0.43mm2E.g. 0.395, 0.412, 0.427mm2. The distance between two adjacent steel cords in the steel cord can be 0.31-0.35 mm, such as 0.320, 0.331, 0.346 mm. Here, the sectional area of the steel cord is the sectional area of a single steel wire in the steel cord.
In the present exemplary embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, a first positioning groove 9 may be further provided on the first connection lug along the length direction of the oil and gas pipeline to prevent the displacement of the contact portion between the inner bladder and the first connection lug due to the compression deformation. Further, a second positioning groove (not shown in fig. 2) is arranged on the sealed liner at a predetermined interval along the circumferential direction, so that the contact part of the liner and the support plate is prevented from being displaced due to pressure deformation. The cord fabric layer is a main pressure-bearing part, and U-shaped grooves are arranged on two side edges of the cord fabric layer and are calendered together with the inner liner layer, so that the stability of the cord fabric layer when the cord fabric layer is pressed is guaranteed.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the rubber layer is 3.7 to 4.1mm, for example 3.73, 3.92, 4.05 mm. The thickness of the cord fabric layer is 2.4-2.8 mm, such as 2.43, 2.60, 2.79 mm. The thickness of the inner liner layer is 3.3-3.8 mm, such as 3.30, 3.51 and 3.76 mm.
A second exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing a flexible sleeve sealing liner, which may include the steps of:
respectively forming a rubber layer, a cord fabric layer and an inner liner layer, and assembling the rubber layer, the cord fabric layer and the inner liner layer to form the intermediate material of the liner.
And vulcanizing the liner intermediate material under a preset condition to obtain a finished liner.
In the present exemplary embodiment, the temperature of the vulcanization may be 150 to 180 ℃, and the time of the vulcanization may be 10 to 20 min. In the present exemplary embodiment, the forming the rubber layer and the inner liner layer may include the steps of:
banburying the rubber raw materials at 150-180 ℃ for 10-20 min to obtain a rubber material required by liner production, and pressing and forming in a mold to obtain the rubber layer and the liner layer.
Specifically, the three layers of materials of the flexible sleeve sealing inner liner are subjected to an internal mixing process to produce rubber materials required by the inner liner, a mold is manufactured according to the structures of the rubber layer and the inner liner, and the rubber layer and the inner liner in required shapes are obtained through an extrusion process. Assembling the cord fabric layer and the inner liner layer together through a rolling process, and forming a final inner container structure with the rubber layer in a columnar mode on a forming machine. And (3) placing the liner structure into a vulcanizing machine, and vulcanizing the liner structure into a finished liner structure after proper time and proper conditions.
In summary, the advantages proposed by the present invention include at least one of the following:
(1) the invention has simple processing mode and high yield;
(2) the flexible sealing sleeve is a composite material formed by vulcanizing a steel wire cord fabric and oil-resistant rubber, and has certain mechanical strength in a natural state.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A flexible oversleeve sealing liner is characterized in that the sealing liner comprises an upper liner and a lower liner, the upper liner and the lower liner are arranged opposite to each other and sleeved on the peripheral surface of a damaged section of an oil and gas pipeline, the upper liner and the lower liner respectively comprise a first section, a second section and a third section which are divided along the length direction of the pipeline, wherein,
the first section and the third section are tightly attached to the outer peripheral surface of the oil and gas pipeline, and the inner diameter of the second section is larger than the outer diameter of the pipeline;
from the inside out, the first, second and third sections all comprise at least one innerliner, ply and rubber layer, wherein,
the rubber layer comprises a first arc-shaped part and a first connecting lug, the radian of the first arc-shaped part is matched with that of the outer peripheral surface of the oil and gas pipeline, the first connecting lug extends outwards for a preset length along the radial direction from at least one of two ends of the first arc-shaped part, and a U-shaped groove with an inward opening is formed in the first connecting lug along the radial direction of the oil and gas pipeline;
the inner liner comprises a second arc-shaped part and a second connecting lug, the radian of the second arc-shaped part is matched with that of the outer peripheral surface of the oil-gas pipeline, the second connecting lug extends outwards from at least one of two ends of the second arc-shaped part along the radial direction by a preset length, and the second connecting lug is arranged in the U-shaped groove;
the cord fabric layer is positioned between the inner liner layer and the rubber layer to increase the mechanical strength of the sealed liner;
and a semicircular groove is formed in the bottom of the first connecting lug along the length direction of the oil-gas pipeline.
2. The flexible sleeve sealing liner according to claim 1, wherein the first and third sections each comprise a straight cylindrical section and a transition section, wherein the diameter of the straight cylindrical section is smaller than the diameter of the second section, the transition section of the first section is obliquely connected between the straight cylindrical section of the first section and the second section, and the transition section of the third section is obliquely connected between the straight cylindrical section of the third section and the second section.
3. The flexible oversleeve sealing liner according to claim 1, wherein the liner layer is made of nitrile rubber with high oil resistance and corrosion resistance, and the rubber layer is made of nitrile rubber with high oil resistance and corrosion resistance.
4. The flexible sleeve sealing liner according to claim 1, wherein said ply is comprised of two or more layers of steel cords oriented in a circumferentially and axially staggered arrangement.
5. The flexible sleeve seal liner of claim 4 wherein said steel cord cut-outThe area is 0.39-0.43 mm2And the distance between two adjacent steel cords in the steel cord is 0.31-0.35 mm.
6. The flexible oversleeve sealing liner according to claim 1, wherein a first positioning groove is further formed in the first connecting lug along the length direction of the oil and gas pipeline to prevent the contact part of the liner and the support plate from being displaced due to compression deformation.
7. The flexible oversleeve sealing liner according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the rubber layer is 3.7-4.1 mm, the thickness of the cord fabric layer is 2.4-2.8 mm, and the thickness of the liner layer is 3.3-3.8 mm.
8. A preparation method of a flexible sleeve sealing liner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
respectively forming a rubber layer, a cord fabric layer and an inner liner layer, and assembling the rubber layer, the cord fabric layer and the inner liner layer to form an inner liner intermediate material;
and vulcanizing the liner intermediate material under a preset condition to obtain a finished liner.
9. The preparation method of the flexible oversleeve sealing liner according to claim 8, wherein the vulcanization temperature is 150-180 ℃, and the vulcanization time is 10-20 min.
10. The method for preparing the flexible oversleeve sealing liner according to claim 8, wherein the step of forming the rubber layer and the inner liner layer comprises the steps of:
banburying the rubber raw materials at 150-180 ℃ for 10-20 min to obtain a rubber material required by liner production, and pressing and forming in a mold to obtain the rubber layer and the liner layer.
CN202210190676.6A 2022-02-28 2022-02-28 Flexible oversleeve sealing liner and preparation method thereof Active CN114562634B (en)

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EP0024709A1 (en) * 1979-08-28 1981-03-11 Franz Dümpelman Clamp joint with gasket for gas and water pipes
US5605357A (en) * 1995-06-05 1997-02-25 M&Fc Holding Co. Pipe collar
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