CN114561660A - Photovoltaic electrolysis hydrogen production system and method - Google Patents
Photovoltaic electrolysis hydrogen production system and method Download PDFInfo
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- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 120
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002945 steepest descent method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/60—Constructional parts of cells
- C25B9/65—Means for supplying current; Electrode connections; Electric inter-cell connections
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
- G05F1/67—Regulating electric power to the maximum power available from a generator, e.g. from solar cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/34—Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system and a photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production method, which solve the problems that a photovoltaic panel is difficult to control in the process of producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water by directly coupling electrolytic hydrogen production equipment, and the working points of the photovoltaic panel and the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment deviate from the optimal working condition, realize that the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment produces hydrogen in the optimal working condition range while the photovoltaic panel works close to the maximum power point, have good safety and prolong the service life of the equipment. The photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system provided by the embodiment of the invention has a simple structure, and has few intermediate links for directly coupling the photovoltaic panel with the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment, and the energy loss is small; and the photovoltaic plate in the photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system is close to the maximum power point when working, and the utilization rate of solar energy is high. In addition, the hydrogen production system by electrolysis in the embodiment has good follow-up performance to the photovoltaic panel, and realizes real-time consumption of photovoltaic power generation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic hydrogen production, in particular to a photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system and a photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production method.
Background
Under the expectation of a double-carbon target, renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic are rapidly developed, and energy storage with certain capacity is required due to the characteristics of volatility and intermittent power generation. The hydrogen energy storage is carried out by utilizing the electric hydrogen conversion of the hydrogen production by the renewable energy, and the hydrogen energy storage device has the advantages of large energy storage density, long storage period and various hydrogen energy conversion and utilization ways, and is one of important renewable energy storage means in the future.
However, the conversion efficiency of renewable energy to hydrogen energy is low, and one important reason is that there are many intermediate conversion links. Taking photovoltaic power generation as an example, direct current generated by a photovoltaic panel is converted into alternating current through an inverter and then converted into direct current for hydrogen production by electrolysis through a rectifier transformer, and high energy loss occurs in the process. In recent years, a mode of directly coupling photovoltaic to produce hydrogen obtains a certain attention, but the main approach is to enable a photovoltaic panel to work at the maximum power point through an MPPT controller and a DC-DC converter, so that a plurality of intermediate links still exist, and certain energy consumption still can be caused.
Theoretically, the photovoltaic panel and the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment can be directly matched, so that the loss of an intermediate link can be saved, but the control of a working point is difficult, the working point of the photovoltaic panel can deviate from the maximum power point, and the energy waste can be caused. Meanwhile, the direct connection mode poses a challenge to the working stability of the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment, and may cause the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment to deviate from the optimal working condition for a long time, so that the service life of materials and the equipment is reduced and potential safety hazards are caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related technology at least to a certain extent, provides a photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system and a photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production method, solves the problems that the photovoltaic panel is difficult to control and the working points of the photovoltaic panel and the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment deviate from the optimal working condition in the process of hydrogen production by electrolyzing water by directly coupling the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment, and realizes that the photovoltaic panel works at the point close to the maximum power point; meanwhile, the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment produces hydrogen within the optimal working condition range, so that the safety is good, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged; the photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system provided by the embodiment of the invention has a simple structure, and has few intermediate links for directly coupling the photovoltaic panel with the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment, and the energy loss is small; in addition, the output of the photovoltaic panel is close to the maximum power point, and the utilization rate of solar energy is high; the electrolytic hydrogen production system has good followability to the photovoltaic panel, and realizes real-time consumption of photovoltaic power generation.
In view of this, according to an aspect of the embodiments of the present invention, there is provided a photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system, including:
a photovoltaic array comprising n1A plurality of photovoltaic panel groups connected in parallel; the photovoltaic panel group is composed of n2The photovoltaic panels are connected in series; wherein n is1、n2Are all positive integers not less than 1;
an electrolytic array comprising n3A plurality of electrolysis equipment sets connected in parallel; the electrolytic apparatus group comprises n4Electrolytic hydrogen production equipment connected in series; the electric energy output end of the photovoltaic array is connected with the electric energy input end of the electrolytic array; whereinn3、n4Are all positive integers not less than 1; and
the control module is in signal connection with the photovoltaic array and the electrolytic array respectively and receives an electric energy output power signal of the photovoltaic array and a working signal of the electrolytic array; and the control module sends an instruction to the electrolytic array to realize the connection, disconnection and adjustment of electrolytic control parameters of the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment.
In some embodiments, the total power rating P of the photovoltaic array is based onVAnd total power P of said electrolytic arrayEDetermining said n1N is the same as the above2N is the same as the above3And said n4(ii) a Wherein the total power P of the electrolytic arrayEEqual to the total power P of the photovoltaic array when the photovoltaic array works at the corresponding maximum power point under the annual average irradiation intensityM。
In some embodiments, the n is optimized to obtain the maximum η with the minimum E based on the total investment E of the system and the annual energy conversion efficiency η of the photovoltaic array1N is a hydrogen atom2N is the same as the above3And said n4；
Wherein E is n1*n2*E1*a+n3*n4*E2*b；
E1Is an investment in a single photovoltaic panel; e2Is the investment of single electrolytic hydrogen production equipment; a and b are empirical parameters and are constant values;
wherein
Pi,MPPRepresenting value S of irradiation intensityiCorresponding maximum power, P, of the photovoltaic arrayi,EIs the actual output power of the photovoltaic array; f. ofiIs a representative value S of the irradiation intensityiCorresponding annual irradiation hours;
wherein P isi,MPP＝Im(Si)*Um(Si)；
Wherein, Im、UmAre respectively provided withRepresenting value S of irradiation intensityiThe current and voltage of the corresponding maximum power point of the photovoltaic array;
Pi,E＝Iz light(Si)*Uz light(Si)；
Wherein, Iz lightAnd Uz lightRespectively representing the irradiation intensityiWhen the photovoltaic array is directly connected with the electrolytic array, the working current and voltage of the photovoltaic array are increased.
In some embodiments, the photovoltaic array is directly connected to the electrolytic array when the irradiation intensity represents the value SiThe operating current I of the lower photovoltaic arrayz lightEqual to the current of the electrolytic array:
Iz light＝n2*h(Uz light/n1)；
n2*h(Uz light/n1)＝n4*g(Uz electricity/n3)；
The current-voltage curve I (g) (U) of a single electrolytic hydrogen production device, and the current-voltage curve I (h) (U) of the photovoltaic panel under different irradiation intensity representative values; the U isz electricityRepresenting value S of irradiation intensityiThe voltage of the electrolytic array when the photovoltaic array is directly connected to the electrolytic array; u shapez lightIs the photovoltaic array Iz lightThe corresponding voltage.
In some embodiments, the operating characteristic curve of the electrolytic array is obtained according to the current-voltage curve I ═ g (u) of a single electrolytic hydrogen production device:
Iz electricity＝n4*g(Uz electricity/n3)＝n4*IElectric power
Uz electricity＝n3*UElectric power；
Wherein U isz electricityIs the operating voltage of the electrolytic array; u shapeElectric powerFor the operating voltage of the electrolytic hydrogen production plant, Iz electricityThe operating voltage of the electrolytic array; i isElectric powerIs the working current of the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment.
In some embodiments, the current-voltage curve of the photovoltaic panel at the maximum power point of different representative irradiation intensity values is I ═ f (u), and the operating characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array composed of the photovoltaic panels at the maximum power point of different representative irradiation intensity values is: I.C. Az light＝n2*f(Uz light/n1)；
Wherein U isz light＝n1*ULight (es)，Iz light＝n2*ILight (A)，
Wherein ILight (es)The current corresponding to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel under different irradiation intensity representative values is obtained; i isz lightThe operating current, U, of the photovoltaic array at the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel at different representative values of the irradiance intensityz lightIs Iz lightThe working voltage of the corresponding photovoltaic array; u shapeLight (es)And the voltage corresponding to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel under different irradiation intensity representative values is obtained.
In some embodiments, the number of annual distribution hours f for each representative value of irradiance intensity is obtainednThe method comprises the following steps: obtaining an irradiation intensity-time distribution curve of the photovoltaic resource in the area where the system is located; it is mixed according to the ratio of 100W/m2Obtaining a radiation intensity-time distribution histogram; taking the median value of each interval as the representative value of the irradiation intensity corresponding to the interval according to the histogram of irradiation intensity-time distribution, wherein the quotient of the integral area between the boundary line and the curve of the interval and the representative value of the irradiation intensity is fn。
According to two aspects of the embodiment of the invention, the photovoltaic hydrogen production system in any one of the embodiments is used for photovoltaic direct electrolytic hydrogen production, and the method comprises the following steps:
connecting a photovoltaic array, an electrolytic array and a control module, wherein an electric energy output end of the photovoltaic array is connected with an electric energy input end of the electrolytic array;
at any time t, the control module calculates a representative value S of the irradiation intensitytThe working current I corresponding to the photovoltaic arrayz light(St) And operating voltage Uz light(St)，And calculates the N of the call3A plurality of electrolysis equipment groups connected in parallel and N connected in series with each electrolysis equipment group4An electrolytic hydrogen production device;
wherein N is3＝Iz light(St)/IE electricity；N4＝Uz light(St)/UE electricity；
IE electricity，UE electricityThe rated current and the rated voltage of the single electrolytic hydrogen production device are respectively.
In some embodiments, the groups of electrolysis devices and each group of electrolysis devices are numbered according to a natural number; and the control module calls the electrolysis equipment group and each electrolysis equipment in sequence according to the serial number sequence.
The photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system and the method for producing hydrogen by utilizing photovoltaic direct electrolysis provided by the embodiment of the invention have the following technical effects: the embodiment realizes the direct connection of the photovoltaic array and the electrolytic array, does not need an MPPT controller and a DC-DC converter, simplifies a photovoltaic hydrogen production system, and reduces the investment cost; the photovoltaic panel and the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment are combined and configured in a series-parallel mode, so that the maximization of the conversion efficiency from solar energy to hydrogen energy under the unit investment cost is realized; in addition, the embodiment of the invention realizes that the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment always works near the rated state through intelligent control, thereby ensuring the optimal working state of the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment, prolonging the service life of the equipment and improving the operation reliability.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrolytic array in an exemplary embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a flow diagram of a method for photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals
The system comprises a photovoltaic array 1, an electrolytic array 2, a control module 3, a photovoltaic panel 4 and electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, a more particular description of the invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and detailed description, is set forth below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, however, the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described herein, and therefore the scope of the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example 1
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, according to an aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, a photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system is provided, including a photovoltaic array 1, an electrolytic array 2, and a control module 3; wherein the electric energy output end of the photovoltaic array 1 is directly connected with the electric energy input end of the electrolytic array 2; the control module 3 is respectively in signal connection with the photovoltaic array 1 and the electrolytic array 2 and receives an electric energy output power signal of the photovoltaic array 1 and a working signal of the electrolytic array 2.
Wherein the photovoltaic array 1 in the present embodiment as shown in fig. 2 comprises n1A plurality of groups of photovoltaic panels 4 connected in parallel; photovoltaic panels 4 groups of n2The photovoltaic panels 4 are connected in series; wherein n is1、n2Are all positive integers not less than 1. Easy to understand, n2The photovoltaic panels 4 are connected in series to form a photovoltaic panel 4 group; n is1The photovoltaic panels 4 are connected in parallel to form a photovoltaic array 1; wherein the electric energy output end of the photovoltaic array 1 is n1The electric energy output ends of the groups of photovoltaic panels 4 are collected. And n is1、n2All positive integers not less than 1 are understood to be n1、n2The value of (a) is a positive integer such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
Similarly, the electrolytic array 2 in the present embodiment shown in FIG. 3 includes n3A parallel electrolytic devicePreparing a group; the electrolysis apparatus group comprises n4Electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5 connected in series; i.e. n4The electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5 are connected in series to form an electrolytic equipment group; n is3The electrolysis equipment groups are connected in parallel to form an electrolysis array 2; wherein the electric energy input end of the electrolysis array 2 is n3The electric energy input ends of the electrolysis equipment groups are gathered, and the electric energy output end of the photovoltaic array 1 is connected with the electric energy input end of the electrolysis array 2. And n in the present embodiment3、n4All positive integers not less than 1 are understood to be n3、n4The value of (a) is a positive integer such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
The control module 3 in the embodiment is respectively in signal connection with the photovoltaic array 1 and the electrolytic array 2, and receives an electric energy output power signal of the photovoltaic array 1 and a working signal of the electrolytic array 2; the control module 3 sends an instruction to the electrolysis array 2 to realize the connection and disconnection of the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5 and the adjustment of electrolysis control parameters. The control module 3 in this embodiment can decompose the electric energy generated by the photovoltaic array 1 into each electrolytic hydrogen production device 5 of the electrolytic array 2 at any time according to the current and voltage required by the electrolytic array 2 for hydrogen production, so that a plurality of electrolytic hydrogen production devices 5 operating simultaneously are as close to the rated operating state as possible, and the control module 3 can adjust the adjustment of electrolytic hydrogen production parameters such as the temperature and pressure of the electrolytic hydrogen production devices 5.
It should be noted that, in the photovoltaic electrolysis hydrogen production system of the embodiment, the rated total power P of the photovoltaic array 1VThe method is determined by the solar resource condition of the area where the photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system is located according to the principle that the solar power generation efficiency of unit investment is the maximum; total power P of the electrolytic array 2EEqual to the total power P of the photovoltaic array 1 when working at the corresponding maximum power point under the regional annual average solar radiation intensityMNamely, after the photovoltaic array 1 is determined and the solar irradiation characteristics of the location of the system are determined, P can be determinedM。
In some embodiments, the electrolytic array 2 also has the following features: a switch is arranged between each electrolysis equipment group connected in parallel and the electric energy input end of the electrolysis array 2; in each electrolysis equipment group, each electrolysis hydrogen production equipment 5 is provided with a standby circuit connected in parallel, the standby circuit is switched off at ordinary times, and when the equipment needs to be disconnected, the standby circuit is communicated to short-circuit the equipment, so that the electrolysis hydrogen production equipment 5 can be flexibly called.
In any of the above embodiments, wherein n1、n2、n3And n4The determination and optimization scheme is as follows:
s1: obtaining an irradiation intensity-time distribution curve of photovoltaic resources in the region where the photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system is located; it is mixed according to the ratio of 100W/m2Obtaining a radiation intensity-time distribution histogram. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: on the irradiation intensity-time distribution curve, the irradiation intensity-time distribution curve is divided into N intervals according to the proportion of 0-100, 100-200, …, wherein the Nth interval contains the maximum irradiation intensity and has the width not more than 100. Taking the median value of each interval as the representative value S of the irradiation intensity corresponding to the intervalnThen, the integral area between the interval boundary line and the curve is divided by the irradiation intensity representative values to obtain the annual distribution hours f of each irradiation intensity representative valuen。
S2: obtaining the operating characteristic curves of the minimum unit of the photovoltaic panel 4, namely a power-voltage curve p ═ k (U) and a current-voltage curve I ═ h (U) under different representative values of irradiation intensity, and preparing the current I and the corresponding voltage value U of the maximum power point under different representative values of irradiation intensity into a curve I ═ f (U). The operating characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array 1, which is composed of the maximum power points of different irradiation intensity representative values of each photovoltaic panel 4, is as follows: I.C. Az light＝n2*f(Uz light/n1)；
Wherein U isz light＝n1*ULight (es)，Iz light＝n2*ILight (es)，
Wherein ILight (es)The current corresponding to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel 4 under different irradiation intensity representative values; i isz lightThe operating current, U, of the photovoltaic array 1 at the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel 4 at different representative values of the irradiance isz lightIs Iz lightThe operating voltage of the corresponding photovoltaic array 1; u shapeLight (es)The voltage corresponding to the maximum power point under different irradiation intensity representative values of the photovoltaic panel 4.
S3: the operating characteristic curve of the individual electrolytic hydrogen production plant 5, i.e. the current-voltage curve I ═ g (u), is obtained. The operating characteristic curve of the electrolytic hydrogen production array is Iz electricity＝n4*g(Uz electricity/n3)＝n4*IElectric power
Uz electricity＝n3*UElectric power；
Wherein U isz electricityIs the operating voltage of the electrolytic array 2; u shapeElectric powerOperating voltage for the electrolytic hydrogen production plant 5, Iz electricityThe operating voltage of the electrolysis array 2; i isElectric powerIs the working current of the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5.
S4: obtaining a representative value S of radiation intensitynWhen the photovoltaic array 1 is directly connected with the electrolytic array 2 for electrolytic hydrogen production and the photovoltaic array 1 is directly connected with the electrolytic array 2, the representative value S of the irradiation intensity is obtainednOperating current I of the lower photovoltaic array 1z lightEqual to the current of the electrolytic array 2:
Iz light＝n2*h(Uz light/n1)；
n2*h(Uz light/n1)＝n4*g(Uz electricity/n3)；
The current-voltage curve I ═ g (u) of the single electrolytic hydrogen production device 5, and the current-voltage curve I ═ h (u) of the photovoltaic panel 4 under different representative values of irradiation intensity; u shapez electricityRepresenting value S of irradiation intensitynWhen the photovoltaic array 1 is directly connected with the electrolytic array 2, the voltage of the electrolytic array 2 is applied; u shapez lightIs a photovoltaic array 1z lightThe corresponding voltage.
S5: calculating the annual energy conversion efficiency of the photovoltaic array 1 direct hydrogen production system:
wherein
Pi,MPPFor a certain radiation intensity representative value SiMaximum power, P, of corresponding photovoltaic array 1i,EIs the actual output power of the photovoltaic array 1; f. ofiRepresenting value S of irradiation intensityiCorresponding annual irradiation hours；
Wherein P isi,MPP＝Im(Si)*Um(Si)；
Wherein, Im、UmRespectively representing the irradiation intensityiThe current and voltage of the corresponding maximum power point of the photovoltaic array 1;
Pi,E＝Iz light(Si)*Uz light(Si)；
Wherein, Iz lightAnd Uz lightRespectively representing the irradiation intensityiWhen the photovoltaic array 1 is directly connected with the electrolytic array 2, the working current and voltage of the photovoltaic array 1 are increased.
S6: calculating the total investment of the system:
E＝n1*n2*E1(P1)*a+n3*n4*E2(P2)*b
wherein E is1Is the investment of a single photovoltaic panel 4, the power P is rated by the single photovoltaic panel 41Determining; e2Is the investment of a single electrolytic hydrogen production device 5, and the power P of the single electrolytic hydrogen production device 52Determining; a, b are empirical parameters related to auxiliary systems such as power distribution, utilities, etc.
PV＝n1*n2*P1；
PM＝n3*n4*P2；
P1Rated for a single photovoltaic panel 4; p is2The power of a single electrolytic hydrogen production device 5; pVIs the rated total power of the photovoltaic array 1; pEThe total power of the electrolysis array 2.
S7: obtaining the single power of the photovoltaic array 1 and the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5 through multi-parameter optimization, and obtaining the array configuration scheme of the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5: min eta/E, namely the eta which is obtained at the maximum under the condition of minimum investment E;
the constraint conditions of multi-parameter optimization are formed in the steps S1-S6, the constraint conditions are multi-parameter optimized objective functions, and n is obtained through optimization solution according to the specific solar photovoltaic resource conditions1-n4. Solving forThe process can adopt algorithms such as a steepest descent method and the like, and the initial value can be defined as: n is1>＝1，n2>＝1，n3>＝1，n4>＝1。
As shown in fig. 4, according to a second aspect of the embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method for hydrogen production by electrolysis using the photovoltaic hydrogen production by electrolysis system in the above embodiment, including the steps of:
s01: connecting a photovoltaic array 1, an electrolysis array 2 and a control module 3, wherein the electric energy output end of the photovoltaic array 1 is connected with the electric energy input end of the electrolysis array 2;
s02: at any time t, the control module 3 calculates a representative value S of the irradiation intensitytWorking current I corresponding to lower photovoltaic array 1z light(St) And operating voltage Uz light(St)；
S03: the control module 3 calculates the called N3A plurality of electrolysis equipment groups connected in parallel and N connected in series with each electrolysis equipment group4An electrolytic hydrogen production device 5;
wherein N is3＝Iz light(St)/IE electricity；N4＝Uz light(St)/UE electricity；
IE，UERespectively the rated current and the rated voltage of the single electrolytic hydrogen production device 5.
In some embodiments, the groups of electrolysis devices and each group of electrolysis devices may be numbered according to natural numbers; the control module 3 calls the electrolysis equipment group and each electrolysis equipment in turn according to the serial number sequence.
As will be readily appreciated, the control system will label the electrolytic array 2, i.e., the parallel groups of electrolytic devices are labeled 1, 2, … …, n in sequence4The electrolytic hydrogen production devices 5 which are connected in series in each electrolytic device group are numbered as 1, 2, … …, n in sequence3And the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5 is called to work according to the sequence from small to large. Namely: each electrolytic hydrogen production device 5 has corresponding coordinates, the coordinate of the first electrolytic hydrogen production device 5 in the first electrolytic device group is (1, 1), and the coordinate of the 3 rd electrolytic hydrogen production device 5 in the first electrolytic device group is (1, 3); 4 th power supplyThe coordinates of the 5 th electrolytic hydrogen production device 5 in the device group are (4, 5), and the like, so that the control system can be conveniently called.
Illustratively, the control system calculates the number of parallel electrolytic hydrogen production groups N to be called1And 5 electrolytic hydrogen production devices N required to be called in each group of strings2I.e. the reference numbers 1, 21And each electrolysis device group is selected from the reference numbers 1, 22The electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5 is called to perform electrolytic hydrogen production.
In some embodiments, in order to balance the distribution of the operating and idle states of the electrolytic hydrogen production devices 5, after a certain time t is reached, the serial number of the array of electrolytic hydrogen production devices 5 is automatically updated once, and the specific updating method is as follows: original numbers 1, 2, … …, n4The corresponding devices are sequentially updated to 2, … …, n 41, 1; original serial equipment in each group string is numbered: 1, 2, … …, n3The corresponding devices are sequentially updated to 2, … …, n3，1。
In the photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system in the embodiment, the control module 3 can intermittently and orderly call the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5 in a longer working period, so that the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5 is prevented from being used unevenly in series and/or parallel connection, the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment 5 is ensured to work in an optimal working condition range, the safety is good, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on the orientations and positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are used merely for convenience of description and for simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or to implicitly indicate the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and can, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through the use of two elements or the interaction of two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through an intermediate. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature "under," "beneath," and "under" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the second feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "an embodiment," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A photovoltaic electrolytic hydrogen production system, comprising:
a photovoltaic array comprising n1A plurality of photovoltaic panel groups connected in parallel; the photovoltaic panel group is composed of n2The photovoltaic panels are connected in series; wherein n is1、n2Are all positive integers not less than 1;
an electrolytic array comprising n3A plurality of electrolysis equipment sets connected in parallel; the electrolytic apparatus group comprises n4Electrolytic hydrogen production equipment connected in series; the electric energy output end of the photovoltaic array is connected with the electric energy input end of the electrolytic array; wherein n is3、n4Are all positive integers not less than 1; and
the control module is in signal connection with the photovoltaic array and the electrolytic array respectively and receives an electric energy output power signal of the photovoltaic array and a working signal of the electrolytic array; and the control module sends an instruction to the electrolytic array to realize the connection, disconnection and adjustment of electrolytic control parameters of the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the total power P is rated for the photovoltaic arrayVAnd total power P of said electrolytic arrayEDetermining said n1N is a hydrogen atom2N is the same as the above3And said n4(ii) a Wherein the total power P of the electrolytic arrayEEqual to the total power P of the photovoltaic array when the photovoltaic array works at the corresponding maximum power point under the annual average irradiation intensityM。
3. The system of claim 2, wherein said n is optimized to obtain a maximum η at least with E, based on a total investment E of said system and an annual energy conversion efficiency η of said photovoltaic array1N is a hydrogen atom2N is the same as the above3And said n4；
Wherein E is n1*n2*E1*a+n3*n4*E2*b；
E1Is an investment in a single photovoltaic panel; e2Is the investment of single electrolytic hydrogen production equipment; a and b are empirical parameters and are constant values;
wherein
Pi,MPPThe irradiation intensity is represented by SiTime corresponding to the maximum power, P, of the photovoltaic arrayi,EIs the actual output power of the photovoltaic array; f. ofiThe irradiation intensity is represented by SiCorresponding annual irradiation hours;
wherein P isi,MPP＝Im(Si)*Um(Si)；
Wherein, Im、UmRespectively representing irradiation intensity as a representative value SiCurrent and voltage at a corresponding maximum power point of the photovoltaic array;
Pi,E＝Iz light(Si)*Uz light(Si)；
Wherein, Iz lightAnd Uz lightRespectively representing irradiation intensity as a representative value SiWhen the photovoltaic array is directly connected with the electrolytic array, the working current and voltage of the photovoltaic array are increased.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the photovoltaic array is directly connected to the electrolytic array when the irradiation intensity represents a value SiThe work of the lower photovoltaic arrayAs a current Iz lightEqual to the current of the electrolytic array:
Iz light＝n2*h(Uz light/n1)；
n2*h(Uz light/n1)＝n4*g(Uz electricity/n3)；
The current-voltage curve I (g) (U) of a single electrolytic hydrogen production device, and the current-voltage curve I (h) (U) of the photovoltaic panel under different irradiation intensity representative values; the U isz electricityRepresenting value S of irradiation intensityiThe voltage of the electrolytic array when the photovoltaic array is directly connected to the electrolytic array; u shapez lightIs the photovoltaic array Iz lightThe corresponding voltage.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the operating characteristic curve of the electrolysis array is obtained according to the current-voltage curve I ═ g (U) of a single electrolytic hydrogen production device:
Iz electricity＝n4*g(Uz electricity/n3)＝n4*IElectric power
Uz electricity＝n3*UElectric power；
Wherein U isz electricityIs the operating voltage of the electrolytic array; u shapeElectric powerFor the operating voltage of the electrolytic hydrogen production plant, Iz electricityThe operating voltage of the electrolytic array; i isElectric powerIs the working current of the electrolytic hydrogen production equipment.
6. The system according to claim 4, wherein the current-voltage curve of the photovoltaic panel at the maximum power point with different representative irradiation intensity values is I ═ f (u), and the operating characteristic curve of the photovoltaic array composed of the photovoltaic panels at the maximum power point with different representative irradiation intensity values is: i isz light＝n2*f(Uz light/n1)；
Wherein U isz light＝n1*ULight (es)，Iz light＝n2*ILight (es)，
Wherein ILight (es)The current corresponding to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel under different irradiation intensity representative values is obtained; i isz lightThe operating current, U, of the photovoltaic array at the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel at different representative values of the irradiance intensityz lightIs Iz lightThe working voltage of the corresponding photovoltaic array; u shapeLight (es)And the voltage corresponding to the maximum power point of the photovoltaic panel under different irradiation intensity representative values is obtained.
7. The system of claim 4, wherein the number of annual distribution hours f for each representative value of irradiation intensity is obtainednThe method comprises the following steps: obtaining an irradiation intensity-time distribution curve of the photovoltaic resource in the region where the system is located; it is mixed according to the ratio of 100W/m2Obtaining a radiation intensity-time distribution histogram; taking the median value of each interval as the representative value of the irradiation intensity corresponding to the interval according to the histogram of irradiation intensity-time distribution, wherein the quotient of the integral area between the boundary line and the curve of the interval and the representative value of the irradiation intensity is fn。
8. A method for producing hydrogen by photovoltaic direct electrolysis, characterized in that hydrogen is produced by electrolysis using the system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising
Connecting a photovoltaic array, an electrolytic array and a control module, wherein an electric energy output end of the photovoltaic array is connected with an electric energy input end of the electrolytic array;
at any time t, the control module calculates a representative value S of the irradiation intensitytThe working current I corresponding to the photovoltaic arrayz light(St) And operating voltage Uz light(St) The control module calculates the called N3A plurality of electrolysis equipment groups connected in parallel and N connected in series with each electrolysis equipment group4An electrolytic hydrogen production device;
wherein N is3＝Iz light(St)/IE electricity；N4＝Uz light(St)/UE electricity；
IE electricity，UE electricityThe rated current and the rated voltage of the single electrolytic hydrogen production device are respectively.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the groups of electrolysis devices and each group of electrolysis devices are numbered according to a natural number; the control module calls the electrolysis equipment groups and each electrolysis equipment in sequence according to the numbering sequence.
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| CN113659632A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-16 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Electrolytic hydrogen production system capable of realizing large-scale fluctuation energy source absorption and operation method |
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| CN101374978A (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2009-02-25 | 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 | Optimizing photovoltaic-electrolyzer efficiency |
| CN113659632A (en) * | 2021-08-10 | 2021-11-16 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Electrolytic hydrogen production system capable of realizing large-scale fluctuation energy source absorption and operation method |
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