CN114561485B - Molecular marker group for identifying brassica napus cytoplasm three lines, and method and application thereof - Google Patents

Molecular marker group for identifying brassica napus cytoplasm three lines, and method and application thereof Download PDF

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CN114561485B
CN114561485B CN202210273636.8A CN202210273636A CN114561485B CN 114561485 B CN114561485 B CN 114561485B CN 202210273636 A CN202210273636 A CN 202210273636A CN 114561485 B CN114561485 B CN 114561485B
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sequence
type
line
amplified
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CN114561485A (en
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张彦锋
穆建新
安然
谢长根
郭徐鹏
黄淑华
朱彦涛
韦世豪
董育红
关周博
范成民
宋敏
陈娜娜
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SHAANXI HYBRID RAPESEED RESEARCH CENTRE
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SHAANXI HYBRID RAPESEED RESEARCH CENTRE
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6876Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
    • C12Q1/6888Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
    • C12Q1/6895Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for plants, fungi or algae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/04Processes of selection involving genotypic or phenotypic markers; Methods of using phenotypic markers for selection
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12QMEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q2600/00Oligonucleotides characterized by their use
    • C12Q2600/13Plant traits

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of molecular identification methods, and relates to a molecular marker group for identifying a brassica napus cytoplasm three-line, a method and application thereof, wherein the molecular marker group comprises molecular markers of S-quality, N-quality, R-genes and R-genes, primers for identifying the molecular markers of the S-quality and the N-quality are SN-F, N-R and S-R, primers for identifying the molecular markers of the R-genes are R-F and Rr-R, and primers for identifying the molecular markers of the R-genes are R-F and Rr-R. The molecular marker group in the invention can accurately identify rape pol CMS and Shaan 2A cytoplasmic male sterile line, maintainer line, restorer line and hybrid thereof.

Description

Molecular marker group for identifying brassica napus cytoplasm three lines, and method and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of molecular identification methods, and relates to a molecular marker group for identifying and identifying brassica napus cytoplasm three lines, a method and application thereof.
Background
The cytoplasmic male sterile line (Cytoplasmic male sterility, CMS) is a core sterile line for utilizing rape hybrid vigor, opens a new era of utilizing rape hybrid vigor, and has a milestone significance for the development of rape in the world. More than 10 types of cytoplasmic male sterility are found or created at home and abroad, and the types of cytoplasmic male sterility comprise pol CMS, shan 2A CMS, ogu CMS, nap CMS, tour CMS, nca CMS, hau CMS, woad CMS and the like, wherein shan 2A CMS and pol CMS belong to the same type of male sterility. The first internationally useful male sterile line pol CMS of canola was found in 1972, fu Tingdong. 1985 Li Dianrong the first large-area three-line hybrid brassica napus variety Qin oil No.2 used for production in the world was bred using the Shaanxi 2A CMS male sterile line. Through the sustainable development of 50 years, the rape in China comprehensively realizes variety hybridization, wherein pol A and Shaan 2A sterile lines play a vital role in the cultivation of hybrid seeds, and the rape sterile lines still serve as backbone sterile lines for utilizing rape heterosis for a long time in the future, thereby playing an important role in the hybrid utilization of the rape continuously. The identification of the cytoplasmic type of the restorer line needs to take the restorer line as a female parent, the restorer line is pollinated by the maintainer line, if the F2 generation plants are all normal fertile plants, the restorer line is N-quality, if 1/4 sterile plants exist in the population, the restorer line is S-quality, so that the restoration and maintenance relationship of the identification of a rape material takes 1-3 years, the labor and the time are wasted, and the cultivation of new varieties is seriously influenced. Therefore, the development of molecular markers has great significance for the cultivation of new varieties of rape.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of the prior art, and provides a molecular marker group for identifying three cytoplasmic lines of brassica napus, a method and application thereof, wherein the molecular marker group can be used for rapidly identifying fertility cytoplasm N, sterile cytoplasm S, fertility gene R and sterile gene R, can be used for accurately identifying male sterile lines, maintainer lines, restorer lines and hybrid seeds of cytoplasmic male sterile lines of brassica napus pol CMS and shan 2A, can be applied to identification of restoring and maintaining relations of rape materials, and can be used for rapidly identifying seed purity of three cytoplasmic hybrid seeds.
The invention provides a molecular marker group for identifying a brassica napus cytoplasm three-line, which comprises molecular markers of S-mass, N-mass, R-gene and R-gene;
identifying the primers of the molecular markers of the S quality and the N quality as SN-F, N-R and S-R;
the primers for identifying the molecular markers of the R genes are R-F and Rr-R;
the primers for identifying the molecular markers of the R gene are R-F and Rr-R;
the sequence of the primer SN-F gene is shown as SEQ ID NO.1, the sequence of the primer N-R gene is shown as SEQ ID NO.2, and the sequence of the primer S-R gene is shown as SEQ ID NO. 3;
the primer R-F gene sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO.4, the primer R-F gene sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO.5, and the primer Rr-R gene sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO. 6.
Further, when the primers SN-F, N-R and S-R are used for amplification in a mixed mode, S can amplify a clear band with the length of 1287bp shown in SEQ ID NO.7 or can amplify two bands with the length of 1287bp shown in SEQ ID NO.7 and 655bp shown in SEQ ID NO.8, wherein the band with the length of 1287bp is thick and clear, the band with the length of 655bp is thin and lighter, and N can amplify the clear band with the length of 655bp shown in SEQ ID NO. 8.
Further, the S-mass gene sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO.7, and the N-mass gene sequence is shown as SEQ ID NO. 8.
Further, the sequence of the R gene is shown as SEQ ID NO. 9.
Further, the R band amplified by the primers R-F and Rr-R is formed by mixing an R1 segment and an R2 segment with the sizes of 734bp, wherein the sequence of R1 is shown as SEQ ID NO.10, and the sequence of R2 is shown as SEQ ID NO. 11.
The invention also provides application of the molecular marker group in three-line identification of cabbage type rape cytoplasm.
Further, the three lines are a sterile line, a maintainer line and a restorer line.
The invention also provides a method for identifying the cytoplasmic genotype of the brassica napus, which comprises the following steps:
the rape DNA is used as a template, three sets of primers of SN-F/N-R/S-R, R-F/Rr-R and R-F/Rr-R are respectively amplified, then the result is judged, and the result identification process is as follows:
the cytoplasmic type of the sterile line is identified as S quality, R bands cannot be amplified, only 1R band of 734bp can be amplified, and the identification result is S (R);
the cytoplasm type of the maintainer line is identified as N, R bands cannot be amplified, only 1R band 734bp can be amplified, and the identification result is N (R);
the restorer line identifies 2 cytoplasmic types, one is S type and the other is N type, R bands cannot be amplified, only 1R band 734bp can be amplified, and the restorer line identification results comprise S (R R) and N (R R) 2 types;
the cytoplasm type of the hybrid is identified as S-shaped, 1R band of 734bp and 1R band of 734bp can be amplified simultaneously, and the identification result is S (R).
Furthermore, the molecular marker set is used for purity identification of Pol A and shan 2A cytoplasmic three-line type hybrid.
Further, the hybrid judgment criteria were: r bands are detected in the sample, the restorer plants are judged, only R bands are detected in the sample, the sterile plants are judged, R and R bands are detected in the sample, and the hybrid seeds are judged.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention develops a set of molecular markers for identifying the fertility cytoplasm N, the sterility cytoplasm S, the fertility gene R and the sterility gene R by utilizing the difference of gene sequences among the cytoplasmic sterile lines, the maintenance lines and the restoring lines of the cabbage type rape, and can accurately identify the cytoplasmic male sterile lines, the maintenance lines, the restoring lines and the hybrid seeds of the rape pol CMS and the Shaan 2A by combining the molecular marker sets, thereby being applicable to the identification of the restoring and maintaining relationship of rape materials and simultaneously being used for the rapid identification of the seed purity of the cytoplasmic three-line hybrid seeds.
2. The invention provides a molecular marker group for identifying cytoplasmic male sterility of brassica napus, which can rapidly identify genotypes of a sterile line S (R, R), a maintainer line N (R, R), a restorer line S/N (R, R) and a hybrid S (R, R) in cytoplasmic male sterility application of the brassica napus;
can rapidly determine and identify cytoplasmic male sterile lines, maintainer lines, restorer lines and hybrid seeds of rape pol A and Shaan 2A types; can simply, quickly and accurately identify the recovery and conservation relation of rape germplasm resources and the purity of rape hybrid seeds of pol A and Shaan 2A types, and has good production applicability.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, it being obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the invention, and that other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows molecular marker identification of sterile cytoplasm (S) and fertile cytoplasm (N) of rape according to the present invention;
wherein, figure A shows the S-quality and N-quality primer design schematic diagram;
the diagram B shows the identification result of S-mass and N-mass molecular markers;
FIG. 2 shows the identification result of the molecular marker set of the invention on the cytoplasmic genotype of brassica napus;
FIG. 3 shows the result of rapid identification of rape germplasm resources by a molecular marker group in the invention;
wherein 3, 14 are restorer lines; 6, 11 are sterile lines; the rest is hybrid seeds; m is 2000marker;
FIG. 4 shows the results of purity identification of the molecular marker sets of the three-line type of Pol A and shan 2A cytoplasmic hybrid according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the invention. Unless otherwise indicated, the technical means used in the following examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise indicated.
Example 1
1. Design of three-line molecular marker of cabbage type rape cytoplasm
Sequence analysis was performed on cytoplasmic genes of the rape cytoplasmic male sterile line, and 3 primers, SN-F, N-R, S-R (Table 1), were designed based on the in-del differences on the S-cytoplasmic and N-cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA. SN-F and N-R primer pairs are used for N quality identification, and the amplification band is 655bp; the primer pair SN-F and S-R is used for S quality identification, and 1287bp of the band is amplified. Because the difference between the amplified fragments of N and S is large, 3 primers are mixed into the same reaction system for PCR amplification, so that the S and N quality can be clearly separated. PCR reaction System (16 ul): DNA template, 1ul;2×taq Mix (century well), 8ul; 0.5ul each of the SN-F, N-R primer and the S-R primer; ddH 2 0,5.5ul。
Sequence analysis was performed on the cytoplasmic male sterile nuclear gene R of rape and the restorer gene R thereof, and 3 primers, namely, R-F, R-F and Rr-R (Table 1), were designed based on the SNP difference between the two genes. R-F and Rr-R primer pairs for R-gene identification, and R-F and Rr-R primer pairs for R-and R-amplification, the PCR amplification and electrophoresis are separately performed because the R and R amplified bands are the same size. PCR reaction System (16 ul): DNA template, 1ul;2×Taq Mix,8ul; primer 1 and primer 2 each 0.5ul; ddH 2 0,6ul。
PCR procedure: pre-denaturation at 95 ℃ for 5min; denaturation at 94℃for 40s, annealing at 60℃for 40s, extension at 72℃for 40s, cycle number 30, extension at 72℃for 10min. The PCR product was detected by electrophoresis on a 1% agarose gel at 140V for 15min. The N/S and R identified Tm values were 60℃and R identified Tm values were 61 ℃.
TABLE 1 rape cytoplasmic male sterile three-line molecular marker identification primer list
The gene sequence of the amplified S substance (1287 bp) in the table 1 is shown as SEQ ID NO.7, the gene sequence of the N substance (655 bp) is shown as SEQ ID NO.8, the gene sequence of the amplified R gene (734 bp) is shown as SEQ ID NO.9, the band of the amplified R gene (734 bp) is formed by mixing R1 and R2, the gene sequence of the R1 band is shown as SEQ ID NO.10, and the gene sequence of the R2 band is shown as SEQ ID NO. 11.
2. Molecular marker identification of cabbage type rape cytoplasm type
PCR amplification is carried out by taking N-substance and S-substance rape DNA as templates, and the result shows that: the three references SN-F, S-R and N-R are mixed and used, so that N quality and S quality can be clearly distinguished. The N rape can amplify a 655bp clear band (FIG. 1B, N), the S rape can amplify a 1287bp clear band (FIG. 1B, S), and the two bands can accurately distinguish the N from the S. In addition, S-type rape has 2 types of bands: only 1287bp clear band (FIG. 1B, S-type I), which was small in the identified sample; another type has two bands of 1287bp and 655bp, the 1287bp band is thick and clear, the 655bp band is thin and pale (FIG. 1B, S matter II), and the majority of the identified rape germplasm belongs to this type.
3. Identification of sterile line, maintainer line, restorer line and hybrid thereof by cytoplasmic three-line molecular markers
The cytoplasmic male sterile line, the maintainer line, the restorer line and the hybrid thereof of the rape are identified by the combined use of S/N, R, r molecular markers, and the results are shown in figure 2: the cytoplasmic type of the sterile line is S-shaped, R bands are not contained, only R bands are included, the identification result is S (R R), wherein the R bands are 2 mixed bands of R1 and R2 which are identical in size and 734 bp; the cytoplasm type of the maintainer line is N, does not contain R bands, only has R bands, and the identification result is N (R); the restorer line has two cytoplasmic types, one is an S-type and one is an N-type, does not contain R bands and only has R bands, so that the restorer line identification result has S (R R) and N (R R) 2 types; the hybrid cytoplasm type is S-type, contains R and R bands, and the identification result is S (R). The identification result shows that the CMS male sterile line, the maintainer line, the restorer line and the hybrid thereof can be accurately identified by the molecular marker combination of S/N, R, r.
4. Rapid identification of rape germplasm resources by cytoplasmic three-line molecular markers
In order to verify the accuracy of the cytoplasmic male sterile three-line molecular markers, sterile lines (No. 4 and No.6 samples), maintainer lines (No. 2 samples) and restorer line materials (No. 1, no.3 and No.5 samples) are respectively selected in the flowering phase of rape, and PCR identification is carried out by using S/N, R and r molecular markers, wherein the results are shown in FIG. 3, the No.4 and No.6 samples only have r bands, the No.4 sample is an S quality I type band, the No.6 sample is an S quality II type band, and the identification results are all sterile lines S (r r); sample No.2 also had only r bands, but exhibited an N-band, identified as maintainer line N (r); the samples No.1, no.2 and No.5 all have R bands, the sample No.1 presents N-type band, the sample No.3 is S-type II band, the sample No.5 is S-type I band, the identification result No.1 is N (R R) restorer line, and the samples No.3 and No.5 are S (R R) restorer line. The identification results are actually consistent, the identities of the sterile line, the maintainer line and the restorer line of the detected materials are accurately determined, and the S or N quality type is accurately identified for the restorer line, so that the set of molecular markers can be used for rapidly and accurately identifying the three-line materials of the cytoplasm of the rape, thereby replacing the traditional measuring and restoring link and shortening the cultivation period of new varieties of the rape.
5. Rapid identification of purity of rape hybrid by using cytoplasmic three-line molecular markers
The method can accurately and rapidly identify the purity of the rape hybrid seeds, and has very important significance for reducing seed quality risks of seed enterprises, ensuring seed quality safety and maintaining peasant rights and interests. At present, the main body of rape hybrid in China is still a cytoplasmic three-line hybrid of Pol A and Shaan 2A types. The brassica napus cytoplasmic three-line molecular marker can be used as a universal marker for purity identification of Pol A and shan 2A cytoplasmic three-line type hybrid.
Hybrid species are typically composed of 3 types of seeds: class 1 is hybrid seed; the 2 nd class is sterile line seeds; class 3 is the seed of the male restorer. In purity identification, we generally only use R and R molecular markers for purity identification for cost saving. Extracting DNA from rape hybrid seedlings sprouting for 5 days, and respectively carrying out PCR amplification on detection samples by using R and R molecular markers, wherein the results show that the detection samples have R strips only in the samples No.3 and No. 14, and the detection samples are judged to be restorer plants; the samples 6 and 11 had only R bands, and were judged as sterile line plants, while the remaining 11 samples had both R and R bands, and were judged as hybrid (fig. 4), with a hybrid ratio of 73.3%, a sterile line ratio of 13.3%, and a restorer line ratio of 13.3%. Therefore, the set of cytoplasmic three-line molecular markers can be used as universal markers for rapidly identifying the seed purity of the Pol A and shan 2A type three-line hybrid seeds, and the identification period is less than 1 week, so that the seed purity identification time is greatly shortened, and the quality safety of rape seeds can be effectively ensured.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Sequence listing
<110> Shaanxi province hybrid rape research center
<120> molecular marker group for identifying brassica napus cytoplasmic three lines, method and application thereof
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aaagtctttc cacagcactc cgacagaagt ctcatatgat gactctgttt actcaagagc 840
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<211> 734
<212> DNA
<213> Synthesis
<400> 11
gggatgcgat cctgatatcg tgacttttaa tgtccttata aacggatttt gtaaggctaa 60
acaggttgat gatggtatga gactattccg aaagatgtct ctgagaggaa tgattgcaga 120
tacagtgact tatagcactc tcatccaagg gttttgtcaa tcaagaaaac ttattgtcgc 180
caaaaaagtc ttccaagaga tggtctctca aggtgttcat cctggtatta tgacttatgc 240
tattttgctg gatgggttgt gtgacaatgg cgaactagaa gaggctttgg gaatacttga 300
tcaaatgcac aagtgtaaga tggaacttga tattggtata tataatatca tcattcacgg 360
gatgtgcaat gcaaataagg tcgatgatgc ttggagtttg ttctgtagcc taccttcgaa 420
aggagtgaag cgtgatattc agtcatacaa cataatgttg tcaggattat gtaagaggag 480
ctcattgtct gaagcggatg cattgtttag aaaaatgaag gaagatgggt atgagccaga 540
tggttgtacg tacaatacac ttatcagagc acatcttcga ggtaatgaca taacaacttc 600
agttcaactc attgaagaaa tgaagaggtg tgggttctct tcagatgctt ccaccgtaaa 660
gattgttatg gatatgttat cgagtggtga attggacaaa agctttctaa atatgctttc 720
tggtcctttt ggag 734

Claims (1)

1. The application of the primer for detecting the molecular marker group in identifying cytoplasmic male sterile lines, maintainers, restorer lines and hybrid seeds of rape pol A and shan 2A types is characterized in that the molecular marker group comprises molecular markers of S-type, N-type, R-type and R-type genes;
identifying the primers of the molecular markers of the S quality and the N quality as SN-F, N-R and S-R;
the primers for identifying the molecular markers of the R genes are R-F and Rr-R;
the primers for identifying the molecular markers of the R gene are R-F and Rr-R;
the sequence of the primer SN-F is shown as SEQ ID NO.1, the sequence of the primer N-R is shown as SEQ ID NO.2, and the sequence of the primer S-R is shown as SEQ ID NO. 3;
the sequence of the primer R-F is shown as SEQ ID NO.4, the sequence of the primer R-F is shown as SEQ ID NO.5, and the sequence of the primer Rr-R is shown as SEQ ID NO. 6;
when the primers SN-F, N-R and S-R are mixed for amplification, the S mass amplifies a clear band with 1287bp length, the gene sequence of which is shown as SEQ ID NO.7, or amplifies two bands with 1287bp and 655bp, the gene sequence of which is shown as SEQ ID NO.7, the gene sequence of which is shown as SEQ ID NO.8, and the N mass amplifies a clear band with 655bp length, the gene sequence of which is shown as SEQ ID NO. 8;
the sequence of the R gene is shown as SEQ ID NO. 9;
the primer R-F and the R-R amplified R band are formed by mixing R1 fragments and R2 fragments with the sizes of 734bp, wherein the sequence of R1 is shown as SEQ ID NO.10, and the sequence of R2 is shown as SEQ ID NO. 11;
the rape DNA is used as a template, three sets of primers of SN-F, N-R, S-R, R-F, rr-R and R-F, rr-R are respectively amplified, then the result is judged, and the result identification process is as follows:
the cytoplasmic type of the sterile line is identified as S-quality, R bands cannot be amplified, and only 1R band of 734bp can be amplified;
the cytoplasm type of the maintainer line is identified as N, R bands cannot be amplified, and only 1R band 734bp can be amplified;
the restorer line identifies 2 cytoplasmic types, one is S type and the other is N type, R bands cannot be amplified, and only 1R band of 734bp can be amplified;
the cytoplasm type of the hybrid is identified as S-shaped, and 1R band of 734bp can be amplified simultaneously.
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WO2011020698A1 (en) * 2009-08-03 2011-02-24 Nickerson International Research Brassica plant for restoring fertility in an ogura cytoplasmic male-sterility system, method for producing same, and use of said plant
CN105002290A (en) * 2015-08-06 2015-10-28 华中农业大学 Molecular detection kit and application for brassica plant cytoplasmic type
CN107129991A (en) * 2016-02-29 2017-09-05 华中农业大学 Cabbage type rape pol cytoplasmic male sterility (pol cms) restoring gene Rfp and its application

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011020698A1 (en) * 2009-08-03 2011-02-24 Nickerson International Research Brassica plant for restoring fertility in an ogura cytoplasmic male-sterility system, method for producing same, and use of said plant
CN105002290A (en) * 2015-08-06 2015-10-28 华中农业大学 Molecular detection kit and application for brassica plant cytoplasmic type
CN107129991A (en) * 2016-02-29 2017-09-05 华中农业大学 Cabbage type rape pol cytoplasmic male sterility (pol cms) restoring gene Rfp and its application

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