CN114560734A - Charcoal carrier and microbial fertilizer - Google Patents
Charcoal carrier and microbial fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN114560734A CN114560734A CN202210038900.XA CN202210038900A CN114560734A CN 114560734 A CN114560734 A CN 114560734A CN 202210038900 A CN202210038900 A CN 202210038900A CN 114560734 A CN114560734 A CN 114560734A
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- potassium
- biochar
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- microbial fertilizer
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- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
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- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 6
- VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N n'-amino-n-iminomethanimidamide Chemical compound N\N=C\N=N VMGAPWLDMVPYIA-HIDZBRGKSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N renifolin D Natural products CC(=C)[C@@H]1Cc2c(O)c(O)ccc2[C@H]1CC(=O)c3ccc(O)cc3O BOLDJAUMGUJJKM-LSDHHAIUSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000004483 ATR-FTIR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
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- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D1/00—Fertilisers containing potassium
- C05D1/04—Fertilisers containing potassium from minerals or volcanic rocks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N11/00—Carrier-bound or immobilised enzymes; Carrier-bound or immobilised microbial cells; Preparation thereof
- C12N11/14—Enzymes or microbial cells immobilised on or in an inorganic carrier
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biochar carrier and a microbial fertilizer, wherein the biochar carrier is prepared by taking crop straws as a raw material and adopting an oxygen-limited pyrolysis method at 300-800 ℃. The biological bacterial fertilizer takes the biological carbon carrier as an adsorption matrix, and potassium bacteria or phosphorus bacteria are adsorbed on the carrier. The formazan generation rate of the biochar-loaded bacterial strain is improved along with the increase of the culture time, the adsorption degree to cells is most obvious, nutrients can be timely and fully released, enough living space is provided for bacterial strain cells, surface functional groups after the biochar-loaded bacterial strain are correspondingly increased, and the possibility is provided for the continuous adsorption of the bacterial strain. The biological bacterial fertilizer has obvious promotion effect on plant growth, the combination of the biological carbon and the potassium bacteria, and the combination of the biological carbon, the potassium bacteria and the potassium ore material have obvious growth promotion effect, thereby being beneficial to reducing the application of the potassium fertilizer and relieving the contradiction of potassium fertilizer shortage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of microbial fertilizers, and relates to a biochar carrier and a biological bacterial fertilizer using the biochar carrier as an adsorption matrix.
Background
The microbial fertilizer is a biological fertilizer prepared by industrially culturing and fermenting one or more beneficial microorganisms. Microbial fertilizers are generally divided into two categories: one is that the supply of plant nutrient elements is increased by the life activity of the microorganism contained therein, resulting in improvement of the plant nutrient status and further increase of the yield, which represents the variety of bacterial manure; the other is a broad-spectrum microbial fertilizer, which is not only limited to increase the supply level of plant nutrient elements, but also includes the stimulation effect of secondary metabolites, such as hormones, generated by the microbial fertilizer on plants, although the microbial activity contained in the microbial fertilizer also increases the yield of crops.
The fertilizer efficiency of the microbial fertilizer has a great relationship with the variety and the quantity of microorganisms and the living environment of the microorganisms. In order to improve the living environment of microorganisms and increase the number of microorganisms, various biochar carriers appear in the prior art, but the differences of the adsorption capacities of the biochar carriers prepared by different raw materials and methods on the microorganisms are very obvious. Finally, the fertility effect of the microbial fertilizer is also influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a charcoal carrier, which has an excellent pore structure and can provide a good place for inhabitation and multiplication of strains, thereby improving the survival rate of the strains; the increase of the surface functional groups after the strain is loaded by the biochar can promote the increase of the negative charges on the surface of the biochar, thereby increasing the adsorption force of the biochar on the strain.
The invention also aims to provide the microbial fertilizer which can improve the content of the soil quick-acting potassium and has obvious effect on promoting the growth of plants.
The inventor provides a technical scheme for solving the technical problems by continuously reforming and innovating through long-term exploration and attempt, and multiple experiments and endeavors, wherein the biochar carrier is prepared from crop straws serving as a raw material by adopting an oxygen-limited cracking method at 300-800 ℃.
According to a preferred embodiment of the biochar carrier, the biochar carrier is prepared by using corn straws as a raw material and adopting an oxygen-limited cracking method at 500 ℃.
The invention also provides a microbial fertilizer which takes the biological carbon carrier as an adsorption matrix and adsorbs potassium bacteria or phosphorus bacteria on the carrier.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer according to the invention, the potassium bacteria are strains of the genus stenotrophomonas. Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophomonas sp.) Ab27, biolocus No.: CCTCC M2021355. The preservation date is as follows: 12/4/2021, depository: china center for type culture Collection, collection address: wuhan university.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer of the invention, the step of adsorbing potassium-decomposing bacteria comprises the steps of:
s1, preparing a beef extract peptone culture medium, and adding 1% biochar carrier into the beef extract peptone culture medium;
s2, inoculating the potassium-decomposing bacteria into an LB liquid culture medium for activation, and adding the activated strains into a beef extract peptone culture medium containing 1% of charcoal carriers according to the inoculation amount of 5%; culturing for 12-24 h;
s3, repeatedly washing the cultured solid with a phosphate buffer solution and centrifuging;
s4, centrifuging and freeze-drying, wherein a freeze-dryer is pre-cooled for 6 hours before use, and the freeze-drying is started when the temperature reaches-20 ℃ to-35 ℃; and opening a vacuum pump to pump vacuum, wherein the temperature of a cold trap is-55 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0.1pa, the freeze-drying time is 8-12h, and the freeze-dried biochar-loaded potassium bacteria powder is placed in a sterile bag at the temperature of 4 ℃ for low-temperature storage.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer, the microbial fertilizer further comprises potassium ore powder, and the potassium ore powder is mixed with the biochar carrier loaded with the potassium bacteria in proportion.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer of the invention, the potassium mineral powder is muscovite powder, and the particle size of the potassium mineral powder is 200 mesh.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer of the invention, the potassium ore powder is mixed with the biochar loaded with the potassium bacteria in a weight ratio of 1: 1.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer according to the invention, the material humidity of the microbial fertilizer is 20%.
According to a further embodiment of the microbial fertilizer of the invention, the microbial fertilizer is stored in the dark and at low temperature, and the storage life does not exceed 1 year.
Compared with the prior art, one of the technical solutions has the following advantages:
the formazan generation rate of the biochar-loaded bacterial strain is improved along with the increase of the culture time. In a further embodiment, by 24 hours, the formazan enhancing effect of the 500 ℃ corn stalk pyrolytic biochar is more significant, and is increased by 40.9% and 20% compared with 300 ℃ and 700 ℃ pyrolysis of corn stalks respectively. The observation of the surface morphology structure and the functional group characteristics of the biochar material through a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) shows that the adsorption degree of the biochar material to cells is most obvious when the corn straws are pyrolyzed at 500 ℃, an excellent pore structure can provide enough living space for strain cells, and the increase of the surface functional group after the biochar loads the strain can promote the increase of the negative charge on the biochar surface, so that the adsorption capacity of the biochar to the strain is increased.
The microbial fertilizer has obvious promotion effect on plant growth, and the combination of the biochar and the potassium bacteria, and the combination of the biochar, the potassium bacteria and the potassium ore material have obvious growth promotion effect, so that the application of the potassium fertilizer is reduced, and the contradiction of potassium fertilizer deficiency is relieved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is an electron microscope scanning image of the carbon prepared from rice husk by limited oxygen pyrolysis at 300 deg.C, 500 deg.C and 700 deg.C.
FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope image of the rice husk charcoal-loaded cells of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a scanning diagram of a carbon mirror for preparing corn stalks at 300 deg.C, 500 deg.C and 700 deg.C by oxygen-limited pyrolysis.
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope image of the charcoal-loaded cells of corn stalks of FIG. 2.
FIG. 5 is a scanning diagram of a carbon mirror for preparing wheat straw at 300 deg.C, 500 deg.C and 700 deg.C by oxygen-limited pyrolysis method.
FIG. 6 is a scanning electron microscope image of the charcoal-loaded cells of wheat straw in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 is the front and back attenuated total reflection spectra of 3 biochar-loaded strains in the example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description will be given with reference to specific examples.
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention. Thus, the following detailed description of embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
The biochar carrier described in the embodiment is prepared by using crop straws as raw materials and adopting an oxygen-limited pyrolysis method at 300-800 ℃. Preferably, the crop straw is corn straw, and the pyrolysis temperature is 500 ℃.
In order to show that the pyrolysis effect of the corn straw is the best under the condition of 500 ℃ by adopting an oxygen-limited pyrolysis method, a comparative test is used for illustration. In this example, wheat straw and rice hull were selected for comparison.
Preparing the corn straw carbon, the wheat straw carbon and the rice hull carbon at 300 ℃, 500 ℃ and 700 ℃ respectively by adopting an oxygen-limited cracking method.
An electron microscope scanning image of the rice husk charcoal is shown in fig. 1, wherein RHC in fig. 1 represents the rice husk charcoal, RHC300 represents the rice husk charcoal prepared by the limited oxygen pyrolysis method at 300 ℃, RHC500 represents the rice husk charcoal prepared by the limited oxygen pyrolysis method at 500 ℃, and RHC700 represents the rice husk charcoal prepared by the limited oxygen pyrolysis method at 700 ℃.
An electron microscope scanning image of the corn straw charcoal is shown in fig. 3, wherein MSC in fig. 3 represents the corn straw charcoal prepared by adopting an oxygen-limited cracking method at 300 ℃, MSC300 represents the corn straw charcoal prepared by adopting the oxygen-limited cracking method at 500 ℃, and MSC700 represents the corn straw charcoal prepared by adopting the oxygen-limited cracking method at 700 ℃.
The carbon electron microscope scanning image of wheat straw is shown in figure 5. In fig. 5, WSC represents wheat straw charcoal, WSC300 represents wheat straw charcoal prepared by an oxygen-limited cracking method at 300 ℃, WSC500 represents wheat straw charcoal prepared by an oxygen-limited cracking method at 500 ℃, and WSC700 represents wheat straw charcoal prepared by an oxygen-limited cracking method at 700 ℃.
Inoculating Stenotrophomonas sp strain into LB liquid culture medium for activation, inoculating the activated strain inoculated into LB liquid culture medium into beef extract peptone culture medium added with 1% biochar according to the inoculation amount of 5%, repeatedly washing and centrifuging the cultured solid with phosphate buffer solution, freeze-drying to obtain biochar immobilized potassium bacteria composite material C-KSB, and detecting the survival condition of cells on the biochar by utilizing MTT method to screen out proper carriers. The composite material C-KSB can be applied as a microbial fertilizer C-KSB.
Washing and centrifuging are conventional operations. The model of a freeze dryer used for freeze drying is YB-FD-1, the freeze dryer is precooled for 6 hours before use, the temperature reaches-20 ℃ to-35 ℃, and the setting conditions are as follows: and opening a vacuum pump for vacuum pumping, wherein the temperature of a cold trap is-55 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0.1pa, the freeze-drying time is 8-12h, and the freeze-dried charcoal-loaded potassium bacteria powder is stored at a low temperature of 4 ℃.
FIG. 2 shows scanning electron micrographs of rice husk charcoal loaded with Stenotrophomonas sp, in which RHC300-KSB, RHC500-KSB, and RHC700-KSB in FIG. 2, RHC represents rice husk charcoal, KSB represents Stenotrophomonas sp, and 300, 500, and 700 represent pyrolysis temperatures, respectively.
FIG. 4 shows scanning electron micrographs of corn stover charcoal with Stenotrophomonas sp strain loaded thereon, wherein in FIG. 4, MSC300-KSB, MSC500-KSB and MSC700-KSB, MSC represents the corn stover charcoal, KSB represents the Stenotrophomonas sp strain, and 300, 500 and 700 represent the pyrolysis temperatures, respectively.
Carbon electron microscopy scanning images of wheat straw loaded with Stenotrophomonas sp are shown in fig. 6. In FIG. 6, WSC300-KSB, WSC500-KSB, and WSC700-KSB, WSC represents wheat straw charcoal, KSB represents Stenotrophomonas sp strain, and 300, 500, and 700 represent pyrolysis temperatures, respectively.
The results of the MTT colorimetric method show that the cell number of Stenotrophomonas (Stenotrophoromonas sp) strains is remarkably increased by 3 biochar materials of corn straw charcoal, wheat straw charcoal and rice husk charcoal, and the formazan generation rate of the corn straw biochar-loaded strains at each pyrolysis temperature is increased along with the increase of the culture time. And when the time is 24 hours, the promotion effect of the formazan by the 500-DEG C pyrolytic biochar of the corn stalks is more obvious, and the promotion effect is increased by 40.9 percent and 20 percent respectively compared with that of 300-DEG C pyrolysis and 700-DEG C pyrolysis of the corn stalks.
By measuring OD510The effect of charcoal on the growth of the bacterial strain cells is reflected by the absorbance value at nm, as shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of biochar on the growth of the cells of the strains
Note: different lower case letters indicate that the absorbance of the same material at the same pyrolysis temperature was significantly different at a level of p < 0.05; different capital letters indicate that the absorbance of the same material at different pyrolysis temperatures differs significantly at a level of p < 0.05.
The surface morphology structure and functional group characteristics of the biochar material are observed through a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) (see figures 1 to 6) and attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) (see figure 7), the adsorption degree of the biochar material on cells is most remarkable when the corn straws are pyrolyzed at 500 ℃, the good pore structure of the biochar material can provide enough living space for the cells of the strain, and the increase of the surface functional groups after the biochar is loaded with the strain can promote the increase of the negative charges on the biochar surface, so that the adsorption capacity of the biochar on the strain is increased. In FIG. 7, the dotted line represents a raw material of charcoal, and the solid line represents a composite material of charcoal-supported strain.
According to research, the corn stalk charcoal prepared by adopting an oxygen-limited cracking method at the temperature of 500 ℃ has the best adsorption effect on Stenotrophomonas sp strains in the embodiment.
Example 2
The microbial fertilizer described in the embodiment is prepared by loading stenotrophomonas strains on a charcoal carrier prepared by using corn straws as a raw material at 500 ℃ by an oxygen-limited cracking method to obtain a microbial fertilizer C-KSB; and the biochar carrier is loaded with the stenotrophomonas strain and is mixed with muscovite powder according to the proportion of 1:1 to obtain the microbial fertilizer C-M-KSB. The microbial fertilizer C-KSB and the microbial fertilizer C-M-KSB are stored in a dark place at a low temperature, and the storage life is not more than 1 year. The muscovite powder is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve.
In this example, the technical effects of the present invention will be described with reference to ryegrass as a test object.
1.1 preparation of bacterial suspension (KSB)
Inoculating Stenotrophomonas sp strain preserved in glycerol into potassium-dissolving solid culture medium, culturing at 30 deg.C for 5 days in an inverted manner, inoculating activated strain into LB liquid amplification culture medium, culturing at 30 deg.C and 180r/min overnight, centrifuging the bacterial suspension at 10000r/min for 10 min, pouring out the excess culture solution, rinsing with sterile distilled water for multiple times, adjusting OD600 value to 1, and applying to soil according to 5% mass ratio.
1.2 treatment of Secale cereale seeds
Selecting annual ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seeds with uniform grain size, weighing 1.5 times of the required seed amount, adding deionized water, stirring and soaking for 2h, removing upper-layer shriveled seeds, adding 3% hydrogen peroxide, soaking for 30min, washing with deionized water, putting into an incubator at 25 ℃ for 24h, inoculating into a culture dish, culturing for 1-2 d, and sowing in a pot when white buds at one end of the seeds grow about 0.5 cm.
1.3 Pot culture test design
The soil to be tested is collected from an acid purple soil farmland of a boss mountain in a rain city of Yaan city, the soil with the depth of 0-30 cm is collected and naturally dried, impurities such as gravel are removed, and the soil is screened by a 2mm screen for storage and standby. The basic physical and chemical properties are as follows: pH 4.01, total nitrogen 0.97g/kg, total phosphorus 0.19g/kg, quick-acting phosphorus 1.88mg/kg, total potassium 8.08g/kg, slow-acting potassium 139.51mg/kg, quick-acting potassium 42.74 mg/kg.
The test was carried out in a greenhouse of Sichuan university of agriculture facility, with 7 treatments (as shown in Table 2), CK as a blank, 2kg of purple soil per pot, and the fertilizer tested as potassium chloride (KCl, 60%), urea (N, 46.2%) and superphosphate (P)2O512%), each treatment was repeated 3 times. And (3) watering at regular intervals during the period, keeping no weed in the pot to grow, harvesting after 30 days, measuring the biomass of each crop and the quick-acting potassium content of the soil, crushing and sieving the pot soil again after each crop is harvested, uniformly mixing the crushed pot soil with the underground part of the plant sheared into 0.5-1 cm, then potting, sowing the next batch of ryegrass after urea and calcium superphosphate are applied again, and continuously planting 5 batches.
TABLE 2 treatment methods for each group
Note: + denotes addition.
2 data processing
Experimental data processing was performed using EXCEL 2016 and SPSS 22.0, and one-way analysis of variance (least significant difference LSD) was used for the significance analysis of the differences between the different treatments.
2.1 rye grass Biomass
The inoculation with potassium-solubilizing bacteria promoted the growth of ryegrass to different extents (see table 4). Compared with CK, the biomass of the ryegrass treated by KSB is increased by 32.95%, which shows that the inoculated potassium-decomposing bacteria has a growth promoting effect on the ryegrass, the biomass of the ryegrass treated by C-KSB is increased by 121.90%, which shows that the biomass of the ryegrass treated by the charcoal-loaded potassium-decomposing bacteria is better, and the biomass of the ryegrass treated by C-M-KSB is increased by 167.44%, which shows that the biomass of the charcoal and the potassium mineral material have a better growth promoting effect on the ryegrass. Compared with KCl, the biomass of the ryegrass treated by C-KSB and C-M-KSB is respectively improved by 58.44% and 90.94%, which shows that the growth promoting effect of potassium bacteria on ryegrass is obvious under the load of biochar and biochar cooperating with potassium ore materials, thus being beneficial to reducing the application of potassium fertilizer and relieving the contradiction of potassium fertilizer deficiency.
TABLE 3 Ryegrass biomass for each treatment
Note: different lower case letters indicate significant differences in ryegrass biomass at p <0.05 levels for the same treatment at different numbers of planted crops; different capital letters indicate that the difference in ryegrass biomass at p <0.05 levels was significant for different treatments at the same number of crops.
2.2 Potassium absorption of Lolium Perenne
The potassium absorption of ryegrass treated by different potassium applying modes is obviously improved (see table 4). In the continuous potassium consumption process, when the 1 st, 3 rd and 5 th crops are planted, the potassium absorption amount of ryegrass treated by C-KSB and C-M-KSB is obviously higher than that of other treatments, which shows that the potassium absorption amount of ryegrass can be obviously improved by both the biochar-loaded potassium decomposing bacteria and the biochar-cooperated potassium mineral-loaded potassium decomposing bacteria, and the effect on improving the potassium absorption amount of ryegrass is long-term and can be continuously exerted, and the effect on the long-term potassium supply potential of soil is better positive.
TABLE 4 Potassium absorption of Lolium Perenne for each treatment
Note: different lower case letters indicate that the potassium uptake of ryegrass is significantly different at a level p <0.05 for the same treatment with different planted stubble numbers; different capital letters indicate that the potassium uptake of ryegrass at p <0.05 levels varies significantly for different treatments at the same number of crops.
2.3 Effect of adding Potassium-decomposing bacteria on soil quick-acting Potassium
After continuous pot potassium consumption tests, the content of the soil quick-acting potassium treated in different potassium applying modes has a trend of being remarkably reduced (see table 5), and the content of the soil quick-acting potassium is improved by adding potassium bacteria. The results show that the content of the quick-acting potassium in the soil treated by the C-KSB and the C-M-KSB is obviously higher than that of other groups, and the long-term supply effect is better; the C-M-KSB treatment has the best effect of improving the quick-acting potassium of the soil and shows the continuous quick-acting potassium supply potential. Compared with CK, the soil quick-acting potassium content of the 3 crops before the KSB treatment is not obviously different, and when the soil is planted to the fourth crop, the soil quick-acting potassium content is increased and is obviously higher than that of the CK and KCl treatment, probably because the KSB strain still living in the soil continuously releases the fixed potassium in the soil, and the soluble potassium content in the soil is further increased. The quick-acting potassium content of soil treated by KCl is higher than that treated by KSB only in the first three crops, the continuous effect of potassium fertilizer is not long, the potassium fertilizer can be quickly absorbed by crops after being applied to the soil, and the continuous reduction of the quick-acting potassium content of the soil can be caused by taking away a large amount of crops.
TABLE 5 quick-acting Potassium content of each treated soil
Note: different lower case letters indicate significant differences in ryegrass biomass at p <0.05 levels for the same treatment at different numbers of planted crops; different capital letters indicate that the difference in ryegrass biomass at p <0.05 levels was significant for different treatments at the same number of crops.
The Stenotrophomonas sp screened from the acidic purple soil has stable potassium-dissolving performance and is particularly suitable for the acidic purple soil. The bacterial liquid has obvious effects on improving the soil quick-acting potassium content and promoting the growth of ryegrass, has development and utilization potentials, and provides good strain resources for developing environment-friendly microbial fertilizers in purple soil areas.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The biochar carrier is characterized in that crop straws are used as raw materials, and the biochar carrier is prepared by adopting an oxygen-limited pyrolysis method at 300-800 ℃.
2. The biochar carrier according to claim 1, wherein the biochar carrier is prepared from corn straws at 500 ℃ by an oxygen-limited pyrolysis method.
3. A microbial bacterial manure, characterized in that the biochar carrier of claim 1 or 2 is used as an adsorption matrix, and potassium bacteria or phosphorus bacteria are adsorbed on the carrier.
4. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 3, wherein the potassium-solubilizing bacteria is a stenotrophomonas strain with a preservation number of CCTCC M2021355.
5. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 4, wherein the step of adsorbing potassium-decomposing bacteria comprises the steps of:
s1, preparing a beef extract peptone culture medium, and adding 1% biochar carrier into the beef extract peptone culture medium;
s2, inoculating the potassium-solubilizing bacteria into an LB liquid culture medium for activation, and adding the activated strain into a beef extract peptone culture medium containing 1% of a biochar carrier according to the inoculation amount of 5%; culturing for 12-24 h;
s3, repeatedly washing the cultured solid with a phosphate buffer solution and centrifuging;
s4, centrifuging and freeze-drying, wherein a freeze-dryer is pre-cooled for 6 hours before use, and the freeze-drying is started when the temperature reaches-20 ℃ to-35 ℃; and opening a vacuum pump to pump vacuum, wherein the temperature of a cold trap is-55 ℃, the vacuum degree is 0.1pa, the freeze-drying time is 8-12h, and the freeze-dried charcoal-loaded potassium bacteria powder is stored at a low temperature of 4 ℃.
6. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 3, further comprising potassium ore powder, wherein the potassium ore powder is mixed with the biochar carrier loaded with the potassium bacteria in proportion.
7. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the potassium mineral powder is muscovite powder, and the granularity of the potassium mineral powder is 200 meshes.
8. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the potassium ore powder and the biochar loaded with the potassium bacteria are mixed in a weight ratio of 1: 1.
9. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 8, wherein the material humidity of the microbial fertilizer is 20%.
10. The microbial fertilizer according to claim 5 or 6, wherein said cryopreservation has a shelf life of no more than 1 year.
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Effective date of registration: 20231011 Address after: 832000, 2nd Floor, No. 257-5, Wuyi Road, Beiquan Town, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Patentee after: Xinjiang Guophosphate Fertilizer Industry Co.,Ltd. Address before: 610000 No. 211 Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province Patentee before: SICHUAN AGRICULTURAL University |