CN114557262A - An ecological slope construction system based on sponge concept - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological slope construction system based on the sponge concept, including a rainwater collection system during rainfall and an automatic sprinkler system during drought, wherein the rainwater collection system includes a catchment channel, a filter screen, an anti-filter layer, a barrier Earth walls, concrete reservoirs, water level sensors, drainage pipes and fuzzy control systems, etc. Automatic sprinkler systems include air temperature sensors, air humidity sensors, soil temperature sensors, soil moisture sensors, water pressure sensors, rotary rain curtain sprinklers, Fuzzy control system, high-pressure water pump, etc.; the invention also discloses a method for rainwater collection and automatic spraying by using the ecological slope construction system based on the sponge concept; it can effectively collect the rainwater on the slope surface and the slope, namely It saves water resources and enhances the stability of the slope; by monitoring the temperature, humidity and water pressure in the air and soil in real time, and controlling the fuzzy algorithm through the fuzzy system, automatic effective spraying of the slope vegetation can be realized.

Description

An ecological slope construction system based on sponge concept

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of slope engineering, and in particular relates to an ecological slope construction system based on the sponge concept and a construction and use method thereof.

Background technique

my country has a vast territory and complex terrain. Most of the area is in the monsoon climate zone. The spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation is uneven, and the per capita water resources are seriously insufficient. It is one of the countries with serious water shortages in the world.

The slope is an unstable geological body with characteristics of instability and looseness. The drainage of the slope is an important task in the slope engineering. . At the same time, in order to prevent the occurrence of geological disasters such as landslides caused by soil erosion on the slope, the slope surface needs to be ecologically restored. The high permeability of the slope soil leads to rapid water loss, which is not conducive to slope vegetation maintenance. The lack of water resources has always been the main factor that plagues the ecological restoration of slopes. Many ecological slope restorations have ended in failure due to insufficient water resources on the slopes. caused a serious waste of water resources.

Sponge is a convenient material for storing and releasing water. People use this concept of sponge to put forward the concept of sponge slope, that is, to collect rainwater during rainfall, and use the collected rainwater to irrigate during drought, so as to achieve water resources. Recycling, which saves energy and protects the ecology, is a green and sustainable development concept.

At present, the sprinkler systems in many parks require manual switching. Even many so-called "automatic" sprinkler systems are only limited to switching on and off at a certain time of day, so it will cause the strangeness of spraying water even on rainy days. phenomenon, resulting in a large waste of water resources.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the deficiencies of the existing background technology, the present invention provides an ecological slope construction system based on the concept of sponge, wherein the slope rainwater circulation system can collect rainwater when it rains, and use the stored rainwater in droughts. Irrigation is carried out to build a "sponge slope" that can recycle rainwater; the automatic spraying system can detect the temperature and humidity of soil and air, and blur the collected information and output the results to determine whether to spray and whether to spray time to realize unmanned fully automatic spraying.

For realizing the above-mentioned technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is as follows:

An ecological slope construction system based on the sponge concept, including:

Rainwater collection system, which is used to collect the rainwater on the slope surface and the rainwater infiltrating into the soil layer of the slope during rainfall, and collect it into the concrete storage tank;

An automatic spraying system, which is used to automatically spray the slope vegetation with the water stored in the concrete reservoir during drought;

The rainwater collection system includes a catchment channel, a filter screen, a filter layer, a retaining wall, a water collection pipe, a concrete reservoir, a covered maintenance well, a water level sensor, a drainage pipe and a fuzzy control system;

The said catchment channel is poured on the surface of the side slope with concrete, its cross section is rectangular, and there are multiple catchment channels, and its plane layout is rhombic staggered distribution, which is used to collect rainwater on the slope surface except the rainwater that penetrates into the stratum. into the collection pipe.

Further, the water collecting pipe is an anti-corrosion and pressure-resistant plastic pipe, which is arranged between the filter layer and the backfill along the vertical direction, and is used to guide the rainwater flowing into the water collection channel into the concrete reservoir.

Further, the anti-filter layer includes sand, gravel and pebbles which are buried between the back of the retaining wall and the filling layer and have different particle sizes, and do not contain perishable substances; the sand and gravel The particles are all non-sticky particles; the anti-filter layer is used to filter the rainwater that has penetrated into the soil and flow into the concrete reservoir through the water collection pipe, which not only plays the role of water storage, but also reduces the moisture content of the soil filled behind the wall. , which enhances the stability of the slope.

Further, the retaining wall is made of reinforced concrete and is supported at the front of the slope to prevent the slope from collapse and collapse; the retaining wall is designed and constructed according to the technical specifications of the slope. The supporting structure is used to support the slope to prevent the slope from collapse and collapse.

Further, the filter screen includes a multi-layer perforated plastic mesh located at the connection between the catchment channel and the water collection pipe, which is used to filter out the dregs such as soil leaves carried by the natural rain wash, to prevent the water collection pipe from being blocked, and is located in the reverse filter layer. The main function of the filter screen at the connection with the water collection pipe is to isolate the soil in the reverse filter layer from the water to avoid clogging the water collection pipe.

Further, the concrete reservoir is located at the foot of the side slope, and is used to store rainwater obtained from natural rainfall for later use; the bottom of the concrete reservoir can bear the pressure generated by the weight of the water after being filled with water, and the side of the concrete reservoir The walls are resistant to horizontal earth pressure and their tops can withstand fill, fuzzy control systems and pedestrian loads.

Further, a water level sensor for real-time monitoring of the concrete reservoir is installed on the side wall of the concrete reservoir along the vertical direction, and the signal of the water level sensor is connected to the fuzzy control system for converting the collected water level information. After the electrical signal is formed, it is input into the fuzzy control system.

Further, the fuzzy control system can accept and process the signals from the soil temperature sensor, soil humidity sensor, air temperature sensor, air humidity sensor, water level sensor and water pressure sensor, and control the automatic sprinkler system after processing by the fuzzy algorithm. Whether to spray and how long the spray lasts.

Further, the drain pipe is located at the bottom of the concrete reservoir, one end of the drain pipe is connected to the concrete reservoir, and the other end is connected to the surface runoff; when the fuzzy control system detects through the water level sensor that the current water level is greater than the concrete reservoir When the maximum capacity of the pool is reached, the valve located in the drain pipe is controlled to open; when the fuzzy control system detects that the current water level is lower than the maximum water level of the concrete storage tank through the water level sensor, the valve located in the drain pipe is controlled to close.

The automatic sprinkler system includes a sensor bracket, an air temperature sensor, an air humidity sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil moisture sensor, a water pressure sensor, a water level sensor, a rotary rain curtain sprinkler, a branch pipe, a main pipe, a fuzzy control system and a high-pressure water pump.

Further, the sensor bracket is a stainless steel bracket firmly embedded in the slope surface, which is used to install the air temperature sensor, air humidity sensor, soil temperature sensor and soil humidity sensor; the wires of each sensor pass through the sensor bracket The inner hollow formed conduit is connected to the fuzzy control system.

Further, the air temperature sensor and the air humidity sensor are fixed above the sensor support; the soil temperature sensor and the soil humidity sensor are fixed under the sensor support and buried in the soil.

Further, the rotary rain curtain nozzle is located at the upper part of the branch pipe, it can rotate around the axis of the pipe under the action of water pressure, and the water it sprays can evenly fall from the front to the far side.

Further, the water pressure sensor is located below the spray head, and is used for monitoring the water pressure currently reaching the spray head, and converts the water pressure signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the fuzzy control system.

Further, the main pipe is connected to the high-pressure water pump and the branch pipes, and is used to transport the water pumped by the high-pressure water pump to each branch pipe; Rain curtain sprinkler.

The present invention also discloses a method for constructing the ecological slope construction system based on the sponge concept, comprising the following steps:

S1. site selection is carried out to the described concrete cistern; the described concrete cistern position should be lower, and the construction of the concrete cistern simultaneously will not cause too much influence to the slope stability;

S2. Complete the design and construction of the concrete reservoir;

S3. Backfill the slope; before backfilling, the water collection pipe should be pre-buried, and the filter screen should be set on the top to prevent the dregs from falling in, and then the sand and gravel reverse filter layer should be filled next to the water collection pipe. The sand used in the reverse filter layer should not be used. Clay-containing particles;

S4. Build a retaining wall on the upper slope of the concrete reservoir; the retaining wall can be a gravity retaining wall, a cantilever retaining wall or a buttress retaining wall, and ensure that the retaining wall can withstand the upper part The earth pressure passed down from the slope; a hole should be reserved at the lower part of the retaining wall to facilitate the water collection pipe to pass through the hole.

S5. Build a catchment channel on the slope surface; the catchment channel is made of concrete, its cross section is rectangular, and the plane layout is a distributed rhombus arrangement.

The invention also discloses a method for collecting rainwater by using the ecological slope construction system based on the sponge concept. In rainy days, the rainwater is collected through a catchment channel established on the surface of the slope, and the rainwater is collected through a water collection pipe connected below. It is introduced into the concrete reservoir, and the water collecting pipe simultaneously introduces the water flow in the slope into the concrete reservoir. The top of the water collecting pipe is equipped with a filter screen to prevent the soil and sand particles in the flowing water from clogging the water collecting pipe. When the water level is higher than the critical water level of the concrete reservoir, the fuzzy control system issues a drainage instruction, and the rainwater is discharged through the drain pipe. When the concrete reservoir is blocked and the water level sensor fails, the Open the top cover of the covered inspection well for inspection.

The invention also discloses a method for automatic spraying by using the ecological slope construction system based on the sponge concept. In sunny days, the air temperature sensor, the air humidity sensor, the soil temperature sensor and the soil The humidity sensor detects the temperature and humidity in the air and soil, and sends the signal to the fuzzy control system. The fuzzy control system judges the external conditions through the fuzzy principle, when the temperature and humidity in the soil and air are below the set value , the fuzzy control system issues a spray instruction, and the high-pressure water pump pumps the rainwater in the concrete reservoir, through the main pipe, to each branch pipe, and then the rotary rain curtain sprinkler on the top of the branch pipe sprays the rainwater to irrigate the slope vegetation. A water pressure sensor is installed at the bottom of the rain curtain nozzle, which can detect the water pressure in the branch pipe and transmit the signal to the fuzzy control system. When the water pressure is insufficient or the water pressure is abnormal, the fuzzy control system will issue a fault indication, close the high-pressure water pump, and the high-pressure water pump is abnormal. Or when the main pipe is blocked, it can be repaired by opening the top cover of the covered inspection well.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) Collect the rainwater on the slope surface through the catchment channel, transport the water flow through the water collection pipe, collect the water flow on the slope surface and the slope body through the concrete reservoir, monitor the water level in the concrete reservoir through the water level sensor, and control the drainage through the fuzzy control system. The pipe keeps the water level of the concrete reservoir within the normal range, so as to realize the collection of the slope water flow;

(2) By draining and collecting groundwater in the slope, the soil water content can be reduced and the stability of the slope can be enhanced;

(3) The temperature and humidity in the air and soil are detected by the air temperature sensor, the air humidity sensor, the soil temperature sensor and the soil humidity sensor, the high-pressure water pump is controlled by the fuzzy control system, and the rainwater in the concrete reservoir is pumped by the high-pressure water pump, The water flow is conveyed through the main pipe, the water flow is dispersed through the branch pipe, the rainwater is sprayed through the rotary rain curtain sprinkler, and the water pressure is monitored by the water pressure sensor located under the rotating rain curtain sprinkler, so as to realize the automatic slope vegetation spraying.

Description of drawings

The present invention may be further illustrated by the non-limiting examples given in the accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the rainwater collection system during the rainfall in the ecological slope construction system based on sponge concept of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the automatic spraying system during drought in the ecological slope construction system based on sponge concept of the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the ecological slope construction system based on the sponge concept of the present invention.

The main component symbols are explained as follows:

Catchment 1, water collection pipe 2, reverse filter layer 3, retaining wall 4, filter screen 5, concrete reservoir 6, covered maintenance well 7, water level sensor 8, fuzzy control system 9, drain pipe 10, sensor bracket 11 , Air temperature sensor 12, air humidity sensor 13, soil temperature sensor 14, soil humidity sensor 15, rotary rain curtain nozzle 16, water pressure sensor 17, branch pipe 18, main pipe 19, high pressure water pump 20.

Detailed ways

In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

As shown in FIG. 1 , when establishing a rainwater collection system, the concrete reservoir 6 should be sited first, and its location should be low. At the same time, the construction of the concrete reservoir 6 will not cause too much influence on the stability of the slope. The design and construction of the concrete reservoir 6 should be carried out in full accordance with the relevant technical specifications, and the strength and deformation should meet the requirements.

When backfilling the slope, the water collection pipe 2 should be pre-buried, and there is a filter screen 5 on the top to prevent the dregs from falling in, and then the sand and gravel reverse filter layer 3 should be filled next to the water collection pipe 2. The sand and stone used in the reverse filter layer 3 It should be free of clay particles and can effectively filter large particles of solid matter in groundwater.

Then, the retaining wall 4 is built on the slope of the upper part of the concrete reservoir 6 to support, and the retaining wall 4 in the form of a gravity type, a cantilever type, a buttress type, etc. can be used, and the retaining wall 4 must be guaranteed here. Earth pressure from the upper slope. A hole should be reserved at the lower part of the retaining wall 4 to facilitate the water collection pipe 2 to pass through the hole and introduce the water flow in the slope into the concrete reservoir 6, which not only saves water resources, but also enhances the stability of the slope.

Constructing a catchment channel 1 on the slope surface, using concrete pouring, the cross section is rectangular, and the plane layout is a distributed rhombus arrangement, which can effectively collect rainfall quickly and flow into the concrete reservoir 6 through the water collection pipe 2.

When rainfall catches water, the rainwater is collected through the catchment channel 1 set up on the slope surface, and the rainwater is introduced into the concrete storage tank 6 through the water collection pipe 2 connected below, and the water collection pipe 2 simultaneously introduces the water flow in the slope into the concrete water storage tank. Pool 6, the top of the water collecting pipe 2 is equipped with a filter screen 5 to prevent the soil and sand particles in the running water from blocking the water collecting pipe 5, and a water level sensor 8 is installed in the concrete reservoir 6 to detect the water level in the pool and send the signal to the fuzzy control system 9, When the water level is higher than the critical water level of the concrete reservoir 6, the fuzzy control system 9 issues a drainage instruction, and part of the rainwater is discharged through the drain pipe 10. When the concrete reservoir 6 is blocked and the water level sensor 8 fails, the maintenance well with the cover is opened by opening the cover. 7 Top cover for overhaul.

As shown in FIG. 2, it is an automatic spraying system during drought. When it is sunny, the air temperature sensor 12, the air humidity sensor 13, the soil temperature sensor 14 and the soil humidity sensor 15 arranged on the sensor bracket 11 are used to detect air and soil. temperature and humidity, and send the signal to the fuzzy control system 9. The fuzzy control system 9 judges the external conditions through the fuzzy principle. When the temperature and humidity in the soil and the air are below a certain limit, the fuzzy control system 9 sends out a spray. The shower instruction, the high-pressure water pump 20 pumps the rainwater in the concrete storage tank 6, through the main pipe 19, and transports it to each branch pipe 18, and then the rotary rain curtain sprinkler 16 on the top of the branch pipe 18 sprays rainwater to irrigate the slope vegetation. A water pressure sensor 17 is installed at the bottom of the rain curtain nozzle 16, which can detect the water pressure in the branch pipe 18 and transmit the signal to the fuzzy control system 9. When the water pressure is insufficient or the water pressure is abnormal, the fuzzy control system 9 issues a fault indication and shuts down the high-pressure water pump. 20. When the high-pressure water pump 20 is abnormal or the main pipe 19 is blocked, open the top cover of the covered maintenance well 7 for maintenance.

Claims (6)

1. The utility model provides an ecological side slope construction system based on sponge theory which characterized in that includes:

the rainwater collecting system is used for collecting and converging the rainwater on the side slope surface and the rainwater permeating into the side slope soil layer into the concrete reservoir during rainfall;

and the automatic spraying system is used for automatically spraying the slope vegetation by utilizing the water stored in the concrete reservoir during drought.

2. The ecological slope building system based on the sponge idea as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rainwater collection system comprises a catchment channel, a filter screen, a reverse filter layer, a retaining wall, a water collecting pipe, a concrete reservoir, a manhole with a cover, a water level sensor, a drain pipe and a fuzzy control system;

the catchment channels are poured on the surfaces of the side slopes by adopting concrete, the cross sections of the catchment channels are rectangular, the catchment channels are multiple, the plane arrangement of the catchment channels is in diamond staggered distribution, and the catchment channels are used for collecting rainwater on the slope surface except for rainwater penetrating into the stratum and then flowing into the water collecting pipes;

the water collecting pipe is an anticorrosive pressure-resistant plastic pipe, is arranged between the inverted filter layer and the wall rear filling along the vertical direction and is used for guiding rainwater flowing into the water collecting channel into the concrete reservoir;

the inverted filter layer is buried between the wall back of the retaining wall and the filling layer, has sand, gravels and pebbles with different grain diameters, and does not contain perishable substances; the sand and gravel particles are non-sticky particles; the reverse filtering layer is used for filtering rainwater permeated into soil and then flowing into the concrete reservoir through the water collecting pipe;

the retaining wall is poured by reinforced concrete and is supported and blocked at the front part of the side slope so as to prevent the side slope from unstably collapsing;

the filter screen comprises a plurality of layers of plastic meshes with holes, which are positioned at the joint of the catchment channel and the water collecting pipe and are used for filtering dregs carried by natural rainwater washing to prevent the water collecting pipe from being blocked;

the concrete reservoir is positioned at the slope toe of the side slope and used for storing rainwater obtained by natural rainfall for later use; the bottom of the concrete reservoir can bear the pressure generated by the self weight of water after being filled with water, the side wall of the concrete reservoir can resist the pressure of horizontal soil, and the top of the concrete reservoir can bear the soil filling, the fuzzy control system and the pedestrian load;

a water level sensor for monitoring the concrete reservoir in real time is arranged on the side wall of the concrete reservoir along the vertical direction, and the water level sensor is in signal connection with the fuzzy control system and is used for converting the collected water level information into an electric signal and inputting the electric signal into the fuzzy control system;

the fuzzy control system can receive and process signals from the soil temperature sensor, the soil humidity sensor, the air temperature sensor, the air humidity sensor, the water level sensor and the water pressure sensor, and controls whether the automatic spraying system sprays and the spraying duration after the signals are processed by a fuzzy algorithm;

the drainage pipe is positioned at the bottom of the concrete reservoir, one end of the drainage pipe is connected into the concrete reservoir, and the other end of the drainage pipe is connected into surface runoff; when the fuzzy control system detects that the current water level is higher than the maximum capacity of the concrete reservoir through the water level sensor, the valve positioned in the water drainage pipe is controlled to be opened; and when the fuzzy control system detects that the current water level is lower than the maximum water level of the concrete reservoir through the water level sensor, controlling a valve positioned in the water drainage pipe to be closed.

3. The ecological slope building system based on the sponge idea as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the automatic spraying system comprises a sensor bracket, an air temperature sensor, an air humidity sensor, a soil temperature sensor, a soil humidity sensor, a water pressure sensor, a water level sensor, a rotary rain curtain nozzle, branch pipes, a main pipe, a fuzzy control system and a high-pressure water pump;

the sensor bracket is a stainless steel bracket which is firmly buried on the slope surface of the side slope and is used for mounting the air temperature sensor, the air humidity sensor, the soil temperature sensor and the soil humidity sensor; the lead of each sensor passes through a conduit formed in the hollow part of the sensor bracket and is connected to the fuzzy control system;

the air temperature sensor and the air humidity sensor are fixed above the sensor bracket; the soil temperature sensor and the soil humidity sensor are fixed below the sensor bracket and are embedded into the soil;

the rotary rain curtain spray head is positioned at the upper part of the branch pipe, can rotate around the axis of the branch pipe under the action of water pressure, and can uniformly fall by entering and going far;

the water pressure sensor is positioned below the sprayer and used for monitoring the water pressure reaching the sprayer at present, converting a water pressure signal into an electric signal and transmitting the electric signal to the fuzzy control system;

the main pipe is connected with the high-pressure water pump and the branch pipes and is used for conveying water pumped by the high-pressure water pump to each branch pipe; the high-pressure water pump is positioned at the bottom of the concrete reservoir and used for pumping water of the concrete reservoir to the rotary rain curtain sprayer.

4. A method for constructing the ecological slope construction system based on the sponge concept according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, site selection is carried out on the concrete reservoir; the position of the concrete reservoir is required to be lower, and meanwhile, the building of the concrete reservoir cannot cause great influence on the stability of the side slope;

s2, completing the design and construction of the concrete reservoir;

s3, carrying out slope backfilling; before backfilling, the sand and stone are embedded into a water collecting pipe in advance, a filter screen is arranged at the top of the water collecting pipe to prevent dregs from falling into the water collecting pipe, then a sand and stone reverse filtering layer is filled beside the water collecting pipe, and sand and stone adopted in the reverse filtering layer do not contain clay particles;

s4, building a retaining wall on a side slope at the upper part of the concrete reservoir; the retaining wall can be a gravity retaining wall, a cantilever retaining wall or a counterfort retaining wall, and can bear the soil pressure transmitted from the upper slope; the position of the retaining wall close to the lower part is provided with a hole, so that the water collecting pipe can conveniently penetrate through the hole.

S5, constructing a catchment channel on the slope surface of the side slope; the catchment channel is cast by concrete, the cross section of the catchment channel is rectangular, and the plane arrangement is distributed rhombic.

5. A method for collecting rainwater by using the ecological slope building system based on the sponge concept in claim 2, which is characterized in that: in rainy days, rainwater is collected through a water collecting channel arranged on the surface of a side slope, the rainwater is guided into a concrete reservoir through a water collecting pipe connected downwards, the water collecting pipe simultaneously guides water flow in the slope into the concrete reservoir, a filter screen is arranged at the top of the water collecting pipe, soil and sand particles in the flowing water are prevented from blocking the water collecting pipe, a water level sensor can detect the water level in the reservoir is arranged in the concrete reservoir, a signal is sent to a fuzzy control system, when the water level is higher than the critical water level of the concrete reservoir, the fuzzy control system sends a drainage instruction, the rainwater is discharged through a drain pipe, and when blockage occurs in the concrete reservoir and the water level sensor fails, the manhole top cover with a cover is opened for maintenance.

6. The method for automatically spraying by using the ecological slope building system based on the sponge concept in claim 3 is characterized in that: in sunny days, the temperature and the humidity in the air and the soil are detected through an air temperature sensor and an air humidity sensor which are arranged on a sensor bracket, and signals are sent to a fuzzy control system, the fuzzy control system judges the external conditions through the fuzzy principle, when the temperature and the humidity in the soil and the air are below set values, the fuzzy control system sends a spraying indication, a high-pressure water pump pumps rainwater in a concrete reservoir, the rainwater is conveyed to each branch pipe through a main pipe and then is sprayed by a rotary rain curtain nozzle at the top of each branch pipe to irrigate slope vegetation, a water pressure sensor is arranged at the bottom of the rotary rain curtain nozzle, the water pressure in each branch pipe can be detected, signals are sent to the fuzzy control system, and when the water pressure is insufficient or abnormal, the fuzzy control system sends a fault indication, and closing the high-pressure water pump, and opening the top cover of the manhole with the cover to overhaul when the high-pressure water pump is abnormal or the main pipe is blocked.

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