CN114555353A - 获得层压弯曲窗玻璃的方法 - Google Patents

获得层压弯曲窗玻璃的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114555353A
CN114555353A CN202180004989.1A CN202180004989A CN114555353A CN 114555353 A CN114555353 A CN 114555353A CN 202180004989 A CN202180004989 A CN 202180004989A CN 114555353 A CN114555353 A CN 114555353A
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China
Prior art keywords
layer
interlayer
thin
washable
stack
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CN202180004989.1A
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English (en)
Inventor
J·雅马尔
F·弗拉玛里-麦斯普列
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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Publication of CN114555353A publication Critical patent/CN114555353A/zh
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    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
    • C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
    • C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/18—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only
    • B32B37/182—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only one or more of the layers being plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
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    • C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于获得弯曲层压窗玻璃的方法，特别地用于机动车辆的挡风玻璃或车顶。该方法包括沉积步骤(b)，在被称为“待划界区域”(16)的区域中，在沉积在第一玻璃板(10)上的薄层叠层(12)表面的一部分上沉积可洗溶解层(14)，预烘烤(c)，在该预烘烤(c)结束时，位于可洗溶解层(14)下方的薄层叠层(12)被所述可洗溶解层(14)溶解，形成划界区(17)，通过洗涤去除(d)可洗溶解层(14)，一起或单独地弯曲(e)第一玻璃板(10)和附加玻璃板(20)，借助层压夹层(30)将所述第一玻璃板(10)与附加玻璃板(20)层压(g)，使得所述层压夹层(30)的不透明区域(32)面向划界区域(17)布置。

Description

获得层压弯曲窗玻璃的方法
本发明涉及用于机动车辆的层压弯曲窗玻璃领域，例如用于顶或挡风玻璃，包括涂有薄层叠层的玻璃板。
层压窗玻璃是其中两个玻璃板通过层压夹层粘合在一起的窗玻璃。层压夹层尤其可以在破损时保留玻璃碎片，而且还提供其他功能，特别地在防盗或改进的声学性能方面。
这些窗玻璃通常包括不透明区域，通常为黑色，通常以周边带的形式沉积，旨在隐藏和保护用于将窗玻璃固定和定位在车身窗户开口中的聚合物密封件免受紫外线辐射。不透明区域还隐藏了车内后视镜以及各种连接器和传感器的连接区域。
这些不透明区域通常是通过沉积釉层来获得的。在层压窗玻璃中，这些釉层通常布置在面2上，这些面传统上是从打算定位在车辆外部的面开始编号的。因此，面2是与层压夹层接触的面。釉通常通过在500℃以上烘烤包含玻璃料和颜料的组合物来获得。玻璃料由低熔点玻璃的细小颗粒组成，在烘烤热处理的作用下，玻璃料软化并粘附在玻璃板上。因此形成了通常不透明的矿物层，具有高耐化学性和机械性，完美地粘附在玻璃上，同时保持颜料颗粒。烘烤步骤通常与玻璃板的弯曲同时进行。
在制造层压窗玻璃的情况下，窗玻璃的两个玻璃板经常一起弯曲，旨在放置在车辆内部的玻璃板通常布置在另一块涂有釉的玻璃板的上方。然后，釉必须具有不粘特性，以防止在弯曲过程中两个玻璃板之间发生任何粘连。为此，通常使用含有铋的釉料，也就是说，由含有氧化铋的玻璃料制成的釉。
涂层，通常以薄层叠层的形式，也可以存在于层压窗玻璃的其中一个玻璃板上。它们尤其可以是导电层，其可以提供两种类型的功能。第一，当供电时，导电层可以通过焦耳效应散热。然后加热层，例如可用于除霜或除雾。第二，通过反射红外辐射，这些层还具有阳光控制或低发射率特性。然后，通过减少供暖或空调的消耗，这些层因提高热舒适性或它们提供的能量节省而受到赞赏。这些薄层叠层通常布置在层压窗玻璃的面3上，因此也与层压夹层接触。
然而，在某些将在稍后详述的情况下，将釉层和薄层叠层布置在同一玻璃板上，因此在所讨论的玻璃板的同一面上，这可能是有利的，因此这些涂层是保护在层压玻璃内部。
然而，已经观察到，当涂有薄层叠层的玻璃板必须配备釉层时，弯曲过程中在叠层和釉之间会发生不希望的相互作用，特别地导致釉的美学外观的退化。已经明显观察到，特别地当叠层包含至少一层氮化物并且釉包含铋时，在釉内产生气泡，靠近釉和叠层之间的界面，导致釉的粘附力显著下降，改变其光学外观（特别地玻璃一侧的颜色，即与釉相对的一侧）并降低其耐化学性，尤其是耐酸性。
从车辆外部看到的不透明区域的美学外观对于汽车制造商来说尤其重要。然而，上述相互作用会导致不希望的浅灰色调。
针对这个问题已经提出了几种解决方案。
可以在必须沉积釉层的地方预先去除薄层叠层，例如通过研磨剂，使得沉积的釉与玻璃板直接接触并避免釉层和薄层叠层之间的任何相互作用问题。然而，这种机械磨损的划界会产生可见的划痕，包括在釉层上。
申请WO 2014/133929和之前的申请WO0029346提出了针对釉使用特殊玻璃料的想法，该玻璃料能够在烘烤或预烘烤期间溶解薄层叠层，以直接附着到玻璃上。然而，此类釉不具有良好的抗粘连性能，导致两个玻璃板在弯曲过程中粘在一起。
申请WO 2019/106264提出通过在叠层和包含铋的釉之间添加氧化物层来修改薄层叠层。但是，并不总是可以做出这样的改变。
本发明的目的是通过提出另一种获得层压窗玻璃的方法来消除这些缺点，该方法包括叠层薄层和具有所需反射外观的不透明区域。
为此，本发明的主题是用于获得层压弯曲窗玻璃的方法，特别是用于机动车辆的挡风玻璃或车顶，包括以下步骤：
a.提供第一玻璃板，在其一个面的至少一部分上涂有薄层叠层，
b.薄层叠层的部分表面上，在称为“待划界区域”(zone to be demarginated)的区域中沉积可洗溶解层的步骤，
c.预烘烤步骤，在该步骤结束时，位于可洗溶解层下方的薄层叠层被所述可洗溶解层溶解，
d.通过洗涤除去可洗溶解层的步骤，形成划界区（demarginated zone），
e.将第一玻璃板和附加玻璃板一起或单独弯曲的步骤，
f.提供包括不透明区域的层压夹层的步骤，
g.借助层压夹层将所述第一玻璃板与附加玻璃板层压的步骤，使得所述层压夹层的不透明区域面向划界区域布置并且薄层叠层面向层压夹层。
本发明还涉及通过该方法获得或能够获得的弯曲层压窗玻璃，特别地用于机动车辆的挡风玻璃或车顶。
用形成在层压夹层上的不透明区域替换釉避免了上述不希望的相互作用。消除关于该不透明区域的薄层叠层使得可以确保完美的美学。在本发明的上下文中，形容词“不透明”是指与可见辐射有关。
步骤a
第一玻璃板可以是平的或弯曲的。当沉积薄层叠层时，第一玻璃板通常是平的，然后是可洗溶解层，然后在步骤e期间是弯曲的。因此，第一玻璃板在根据本发明的弯曲层压窗玻璃中是弯曲的。
第一玻璃板的玻璃通常是钠钙硅玻璃，但也可以使用其他玻璃，例如硼硅酸盐或铝硅酸盐。第一玻璃板优选通过漂浮获得，也就是说，通过将熔融玻璃倾倒到熔融锡浴上的方法获得。
第一玻璃板可以是透明玻璃或着色玻璃，优选着色玻璃，例如绿色、灰色或蓝色。为此，第一玻璃板的化学成分有利地包含氧化铁，其含量为0.5至2重量％。它还可以包括其他着色剂，例如氧化钴、氧化铬、氧化镍、氧化铒，甚至硒。
第一玻璃板优选地具有在0.7至19mm、特别地1至10mm、特别地2至6mm、或甚至2至4mm范围内的厚度。
第一层玻璃（和附加玻璃板）的横向尺寸应根据其要集成到其中的层压玻璃的横向尺寸进行调整。第一玻璃板（和/或附加玻璃板）优选具有至少1平方米的表面积。
在步骤a期间，第一玻璃板优选地在至少70％，特别地至少90％，或甚至在玻璃板表面的整个表面上涂覆有薄层叠层。某些区域实际上可能没有涂层，以便特别提供允许波通过的通信窗口。
薄层叠层优选地与玻璃板接触。在其沉积期间，可洗溶解层优选与薄层叠层接触。
“接触”在本文中是指物理接触。表述“基于”优选意指所讨论的层包含至少50重量％，特别地60％，甚至70％，甚至80％或90％的所考虑材料。该层甚至可以基本上由这种材料组成或由这种材料组成。通过“基本由…组成”，应当理解该层可以包含杂质而不影响其性质。术语“氧化物”或“氮化物”不一定意味着氧化物或氮化物是化学计量的。它们确实可以是低于化学计量、过化学计量或化学计量的。
叠层优选地包括至少一层基于氮化物的层。氮化物特别地选自铝、硅、锆、钛中的至少一种元素的氮化物。它可以包括至少两种或三种这些元素的氮化物，例如氮化硅锆，或氮化硅铝。优选地，基于氮化物的层是基于氮化硅的层，更特别地基本上由氮化硅组成的层。当通过阴极溅射沉积氮化硅层时，它通常含有铝，因为通常用铝掺杂硅靶材以加速沉积速率。
基于氮化物的层优选具有在2至100nm范围内，特别地5至80nm范围内的物理厚度。
基于氮化物的层通常用于多个薄层叠层中，因为它们具有有利的阻挡特性，从某种意义上说，它们可以防止叠层中存在的其他层，特别地功能层的氧化，这将在下面进行描述。
叠层优选地包括至少一个功能层，特别地导电功能层。功能层优选地包含在两个薄介电层之间，其中至少一个是基于氮化物的层。其他可能的介电层例如是氧化物层或氮氧化物层。
至少一个导电功能层有利地选自：
-金属层，特别地由银或铌，或甚至金制成，以及
-透明导电氧化物层，尤其选自氧化铟锡、掺杂的氧化锡（例如掺杂有氟或锑）、掺杂的氧化锌（例如掺杂有铝或镓）。
这些层因其低发射率而受到特别赞赏，这使窗玻璃具有出色的隔热性能。在安装在陆地车辆，特别地汽车、铁路，甚至空中或海上车辆上的窗玻璃中，低发射率窗玻璃可以在炎热的天气中向外反射部分太阳辐射，从而限制所述车辆乘客舱的加热，并在必要时降低空调成本。相反，在寒冷的天气里，这些窗玻璃允许热量保留在乘客舱内，并因此降低了所需加热的能源成本。
根据优选实施方式，薄层叠层包括至少一个银层，特别地一层、两层或三层，甚至四层银层。银层的物理厚度或在适用的情况下银层的厚度总和优选为2至20nm之间，特别地3至15nm之间。
根据另一优选实施例，薄层叠层包括至少一层氧化铟锡。它的物理厚度优选地在30至200nm之间，特别地在40至150nm之间。
为了在弯曲步骤期间保护该导电薄层或每个导电薄层(无论是金属的或是基于透明导电氧化物的层)，这些层中的每一个优选地被至少两个介电层包围。介电层优选地基于选自硅、铝、钛、锌、锆、锡的至少一种元素的氧化物、氮化物和/或氮氧化物。
薄层叠层的至少一部分可以通过各种已知技术沉积，例如通过化学气相沉积(CVD)，或通过阴极溅射，特别地通过磁场辅助(磁控管方法)。
薄层叠层优选地通过阴极溅射沉积，特别地通过磁场辅助阴极。在该方法中，在高真空下在包含要沉积的化学元素的靶附近产生等离子体。等离子体的活性物质通过轰击靶材，撕下所述元素，沉积在玻璃板上，形成所需的薄层。当该层由从靶上撕下的元素与等离子体中包含的气体之间的化学反应产生的材料制成时，该方法称为“反应性”方法。该方法的主要优势在于，通过在不同靶下连续运行玻璃板，通常在单个设备中，可以在同一生产线上沉积非常复杂的薄层叠层。
上述叠层具有可用于提供加热功能（除霜、除雾）和/或隔热功能的导电和红外反射特性。
当薄层叠层旨在提供加热功能时，必须供电。它尤其可以是通过丝网印刷沉积在薄层叠层上、在玻璃板的两个相对边缘处沉积银膏带。这些带将被最终窗玻璃中的不透明区域隐藏。
步骤b
叠层优选地在其表面的2至25％，特别地3至20％，或甚至5至15％上涂有可洗溶解层。待划界的区域（以及最终划界的区域）优选地形成外围带，即自身封闭的带，其从第一玻璃板的外围的每个点向第一玻璃板的内侧延伸一定宽度，通常在1至20厘米之间。宽度可能因所考虑点的位置而变化。
在步骤b期间，可洗溶解层优选地由流体组合物沉积，特别地液体或糊状。可洗溶解层优选通过丝网印刷沉积。为此，将丝网印刷丝网放置在玻璃板上，该丝网包括筛网孔，其中一些是封闭的，然后将流体组合物沉积在丝网上，然后施加刮刀以迫使流体组合物穿过筛网未闭合的区域的丝网孔，形成可洗溶解层。
可洗溶解层的厚度优选为5-50μm，特别地10-40μm，或者甚至15-30μm。
优选在步骤b之后立即进行干燥步骤，以除去流体组合物中所含的至少部分溶剂。这种干燥通常在120至180℃的温度下进行。
可洗溶解层优选是包含至少一种磷酸盐的矿物层。磷酸盐特别地碱性磷酸盐（alkaline phosphate），优选磷酸钠。术语“磷酸盐”也指磷酸氢盐和磷酸二氢盐。因此，通称磷酸钠也包括磷酸氢钠Na2HPO4、磷酸二氢钠NaH2PO4和磷酸三钠Na3PO4，以及这些化合物的混合物。
流体组合物优选包含溶剂，特别地有机溶剂和树脂。溶剂和树脂的量可以调节组合物的粘度，并且必须根据所使用的应用方法进行调整。
步骤c
预烘烤步骤优选在150-700℃，特别地550-700℃的温度下进行。
这样的预烘烤可以消除有机介质，或通常任何可能存在于可洗溶解层中的有机组分。
在预烘烤过程中，薄层叠层被可洗溶解层溶解。通过电子显微镜可以观察到叠层的溶解。
步骤d
除去可洗溶解层的步骤允许通过洗涤除去可洗溶解层。
在划界区域中，玻璃的表面因此是裸露的，因为它不再被涂覆，无论是通过薄层叠层还是通过可洗溶解层。
洗涤优选通过在压力下喷水或通过配备有刷子的洗涤器进行。刷子应该是柔软的，以免损坏薄层叠层。
步骤e
弯曲尤其可以通过重力（玻璃在其自身重量下变形）或通过压制在通常范围为550至650℃的温度下进行。
根据第一实施方式，两个玻璃板(第一玻璃板和附加玻璃板)分别弯曲。
根据第二实施方式，第一玻璃板和附加玻璃板一起弯曲。通过在玻璃板之间放置提供几十微米、通常为20至50微米的空间的夹层粉末，可以使玻璃板保持一定距离。夹层粉末例如基于碳酸钙和/或镁。在弯曲过程中，内部玻璃板（旨在位于乘客舱内侧）通常放置在外部玻璃板上方。因此，在弯曲步骤期间，附加玻璃板通常将放置在第一玻璃板的上方。
步骤f
层压夹层优选包括至少一个聚乙烯醇缩醛板，特别地聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)板。
如果需要，层压夹层可以着色或不着色，以调节窗玻璃的光学或热性能。
层压夹层可以有利地具有吸音特性，以便吸收来自空中或结构(airborne orstructure-borne)的声音。为此目的，它尤其可以由三个聚合物板组成，包括两个所谓的外部PVB板，它们构成一个内部聚合物板，任选地由PVB制成，其硬度低于外部板的硬度。
层压夹层也可以具有绝热特性，特别地用于反射红外辐射。为此目的，它可以包括具有低发射率的薄层涂层，例如包含银薄层的涂层或交替的不同折射率的介电层的涂层，沉积在内部PET板上，被两个外部PVB板包围。
层压夹层的厚度通常在0.3至1.5mm的范围内，特别地0.5至1mm。层压夹层在窗玻璃的一个边缘上的厚度可以比在窗玻璃中央的厚度小，以避免在使用称为HUD（平视显示器）的平视视觉系统时形成双重图像。
层压夹层包括不透明区域，其余部分形成透明区域。不透明区域优选占其层压夹层表面的2至25％，特别地3至20％，或甚至5至15％(要考虑的表面是最终窗玻璃中的表面)。不透明区域优选地形成黑色不透明带，在所述层压夹层的外围。该带的形状基本上对应于位于第一玻璃板上的划界区域的形状。然后，划界区域在第一玻璃板的外围形成带。
层压夹层的不透明区域优选地通过沉积一个油墨层来获得。油墨优选包含树脂以及黑色颜料。树脂特别选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物、聚氨酯和环氧树脂。树脂优选是聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，特别地分子量在10,000至50,000之间。合适的油墨例如在申请EP2697318中描述。油墨尤其可以通过丝网印刷沉积在层压夹层上。湿墨厚度优选在5至50μm之间。油墨层可以放置在层压夹层的一侧或另一侧。当层压夹层由几层组成时，油墨层也可以放置在层压夹层的两层之间。
根据另一个变体，层压夹层的不透明区域是通过对本体中的夹层着色而获得的。
根据又一个变体，夹层的不透明区域是通过将不透明聚合物板附接到夹层而获得的。该附接尤其可以通过静电吸引来进行。
步骤g
层压步骤可以通过在高压釜中处理来进行，例如在110至160℃的温度和10至15巴的压力下。在高压釜处理之前，夹在玻璃板和层压夹层之间的空气可以通过压延或施加负压来消除。
附加玻璃板优选地是层压窗玻璃的内板，即位于窗玻璃的凹侧上的板，旨在定位在车辆的乘客舱内侧。以这种方式，薄层叠层布置在层压窗玻璃的面2上。
层压夹层的不透明区域布置为面向第一玻璃板的划界区域。因此，在最终的窗玻璃中，不透明区域与已消除层叠层的区域放置在同一水平面上，这使得实现所需的不透明度值和美学成为可能。由于在定位层压夹层方面的尺寸公差和在层压期间构成夹层的材料的蠕变，这两个区域可能不会彼此完美且精确地对应。因此，在不透明区域和由叠层涂覆的区域之间可能有轻微的重叠，或者相反，在不透明区域和划界区域之间存在裸玻璃空间。重叠或裸玻璃空间优选小于1mm，特别地0.5mm。
为了使由于这些不完全一致的相对位置引起的任何美学缺陷不那么明显，可以在该区域中印刷例如基于点的装饰，例如点的梯度（a gradation of dots）。
根据一个实施方式，油墨层朝向第一玻璃板。
根据另一个实施方式，油墨层朝向附加玻璃板。已经观察到，根据这种布置，与划界区域和不透明区域的相对定位相关的上述可能缺陷不太明显。
附加玻璃板可以由钠钙硅玻璃制成，或可以由硼硅酸盐或铝硅酸盐玻璃制成。它可以是透明或着色玻璃。它的厚度优选地在0.5至4mm之间，特别地在1至3mm之间。
根据优选实施方式，附加玻璃板的厚度在0.5至1.2mm之间。附加玻璃板尤其由钠铝硅酸盐玻璃制成，优选化学增强的。附加玻璃板优选是层压窗玻璃的内板。本发明对于这种类型的配置特别有用，因为这种配置很难在面3上布置薄层叠层。化学增强（也称为“离子交换”）在于使玻璃表面与熔融钾盐（例如硝酸钾）接触，通过用更大离子半径的离子（在钾离子的情况下）交换玻璃的离子（在钠离子的情况下）来增强玻璃表面。这种离子交换可以在玻璃表面上和一定厚度内形成压应力（compressive stresses）。优选地，表面应力至少为300 MPa，特别地400和甚至500 MPa，并且至多700 MPa，并且压缩下的区域的厚度为至少20μm，通常在20至50μm之间。可以使用配备有Babinet补偿器的偏光显微镜以已知方式确定应力分布。化学增强步骤优选在380至550℃的温度下实施，并持续时间为30分钟至3小时。化学增强优选在弯曲步骤之后但在层压步骤之前进行。所获得的窗玻璃优选为机动车辆挡风玻璃，特别地加热挡风玻璃。
根据另一个优选实施方式，附加玻璃板在与面向层压夹层的面相对的面上（优选面4，附加板是内板）承载附加薄层叠层，特别地具有低发射率的叠层，包括导电透明氧化物，特别地氧化铟锡(ITO)。本发明对于这种类型的配置也特别有用，对于这种配置，在同一玻璃板的两侧（第3面和第4面）上布置薄层叠层是很棘手的。在该实施方式中，层压夹层和/或附加玻璃板优选地被着色，带有涂层的玻璃板可能由透明玻璃制成。获得的窗玻璃优选是机动车辆车顶。
作为该后一优选实施方式的示例，可以提及层压弯曲车顶，其从车辆外部包括在表面2上涂覆有薄层叠层的透明玻璃板，薄层叠层包括至少一个银层，包括不透明区域的着色PVB制成的层压夹层，和着色玻璃制成的附加玻璃板，其在面4上承载低发射率薄层叠层，特别地基于ITO。
实施例
以下实施例的示例结合图1至图6以非限制性方式说明本发明，其中：
-[图1]示意性地说明了根据本发明的方法的实施方式。
-[图2]说明了根据本发明获得的窗玻璃的一个实施方式。
-[图3]示意性地说明了根据本发明的方法的另一个实施方式。
-[图4]示意性地说明了根据本发明的方法的另一个实施方式。
-[图5]示意性地说明了根据本发明的方法的另一个实施方式。
-[图6]示意性地说明了根据本发明的方法的另一个实施方式。
图1和3至6示出在该方法的步骤期间，玻璃板的一部分和在玻璃板上、玻璃板周边附近沉积的元素的示意性截面。各种元素显然没有按比例表示，以便能够将它们可视化。
在步骤a中提供涂有薄层叠层12的第一玻璃板10，然后在称为划界区域的区域16中，特别地通过丝网印刷(步骤b)，将叠层12的一部分涂上可洗溶解层14，旨在布置在基本上位于最终窗玻璃中不透明区域处。
在步骤c中，第一玻璃板经过预烘烤处理，导致在区域16中叠层12被可洗溶解层14溶解。在洗涤后(步骤d)，这导致可洗溶解层14的消除，第一玻璃板10在划界区17中具有裸玻璃表面。
附加玻璃板20，这里设有附加的薄层叠层22，然后放置在第一玻璃板10上，然后将整体弯曲(步骤e)。所示视图仅为玻璃板端部的视图，此处未显示弯曲。
在步骤f中，提供层压夹层30。该夹层30具有墨层34形式的不透明区域32。
在步骤g中，涂覆有薄层叠层12的第一玻璃板10和涂覆有附加叠层22的附加玻璃板20使用层压夹层30组装。这里的图表以分解图表示每个单独的元件。面向层压夹层的叠层12位于最终的窗玻璃面2中。不透明区域32面向区域16定位。在图1所示的实施方式中，油墨层34面向第一玻璃板10，因此面向最终窗玻璃的面2。
图2显示了根据本发明的窗玻璃的实施例，在这种情况下为挡风玻璃。不透明区域32是周边带的形式，其宽度取决于窗玻璃上的位置。此处的带在侧面区域具有较小的宽度，在下部区域具有较大的宽度，而在上部区域具有可变宽度，不透明带在中央上部区域中隐藏了用于定位中央后视镜并在该区域中提供传感器和摄像头的传输窗口，例如雨量或光传感器或驾驶辅助摄像头甚至激光雷达。
图3至6示出了除图1之外的其他配置。在图3的实施方式中，油墨层34面向附加玻璃板20。在图4至6的实施方式中，层压夹层的不透明区域不完全对应于第一玻璃板的划界区域。在图4中，两个区域之间有一个微小的间距e，通常最多为1毫米，甚至最多为0.5毫米。相反，在图5中，提供了重叠r(或覆盖)。在图6中，由于在丝网印刷油墨期间获得的点36的梯度，该重叠变得不那么明显。如上所述，当油墨层面向附加玻璃板时（因此在所示实施例中面向侧面3），任何重叠也变得不那么明显。
本实例实现的方法对应于图1的实施方式。
一块2.1毫米厚的玻璃板，之前通过阴极溅射涂有薄层叠层，包括两个银层，由氧化锌层、氮化硅层和NiCr阻挡层保护，在带外围，通过丝网印刷湿厚度为25μm的可洗溶解层。沉积的组合物是一种基于磷酸钠的膏状物，由Ferro公司在TDF9283下销售。
干燥后（在100至250℃之间，1到2分钟），大约600℃的预烘烤步骤允许可洗溶解层溶解薄层叠层。然后洗涤步骤可以去除可洗溶解层。
在与设置在面4上的附加钠钙硅玻璃的玻璃板与包含ITO层的叠层配对后，将整体在超过600℃的温度下弯曲350至500秒。两个玻璃板通过PVB夹层层压在一起，在外围区域涂有黑色丝网印刷油墨。
组装后，通过测量反射中的明度L*（光源D65，参考观察者10°）来评估外观，尤其是从面1看到的黑色。测得的L*值介于2至3之间。

Claims (15)

1.用于获得层压弯曲窗玻璃的方法，特别地用于机动车辆的挡风玻璃或车顶，包括以下步骤：
a.提供第一玻璃板（10），在其一个面的至少一部分上涂有薄层叠层（12），
b.薄层叠层(12)的部分表面上，在称为“待划界区域”(16)的区域中沉积可洗溶解层(14)的步骤，
c.预烘烤步骤，在该步骤结束时，位于可洗溶解层(14)下方的薄层叠层(12)被所述可洗溶解层(14)溶解，
d.通过洗涤除去可洗溶解层(14)的步骤，形成划界区(17)，
e.将第一玻璃板(10)和附加玻璃板(20)一起或单独弯曲的步骤，
f.提供包括不透明区域(32)的层压夹层(30)的步骤，
g.借助层压夹层(30)将所述第一玻璃板(10)与附加玻璃板(20)层压的步骤，使得所述层压夹层(30)的不透明区域(32)面向划界区域(17)布置并且薄层叠层(12)面向层压夹层(30)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，使得薄层叠层(12)包括至少一个功能层，特别地导电功能层，特别地选自金属层，特别地银或铌的层，以及透明导电氧化物的层，特别地选自氧化铟锡、掺杂的氧化锡和掺杂的氧化锌。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述可洗溶解层(14)是包含至少一种磷酸盐，特别地碱性磷酸盐的矿物层。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述可洗溶解层(14)通过丝网印刷来沉积。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述可洗溶解层(14)的厚度在5至50μm之间，特别地在10至40μm之间。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述划界区域(17)在所述第一玻璃板(10)的周边上形成带，并且所述层压夹层(30)的不透明区域(32)形成所述层压夹层(30)的周边上的黑色不透明带。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述层压夹层(30)包括至少一个聚乙烯醇缩醛板，特别地聚乙烯醇缩丁醛板。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述层压夹层(30)的不透明区域(32)通过沉积油墨层(34)而获得。
9.根据前述权利要求所述的方法，其中，所述油墨层(34)包括树脂以及黑色颜料，所述树脂选自聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯和乙酸乙烯酯的共聚物、聚氨酯和环氧树脂。
10.根据权利要求8或9中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述油墨层(34)面向所述第一玻璃板(10)。
11.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述油墨层(34)面向所述附加玻璃板(20)。
12.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述层压夹层(30)的不透明区域(32)通过对其本体中的夹层进行着色来获得。
13.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述夹层(30)的不透明区域(32)通过将不透明聚合物板附接在所述夹层上而获得。
14.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法，其中，所述附加玻璃板(20)在与面对所述层压夹层(30)的面相对的面上承载附加的薄层叠层(22)，特别地包含导电透明氧化物的低发射率叠层。
15.层压弯曲窗玻璃，特别地用于机动车辆的挡风玻璃或车顶，包括第一玻璃板(10)，除了划界区域(17)外，该第一玻璃板(10)在其一个面的一部分上涂有薄层叠层（12），所述第一玻璃板(10)通过包括不透明区域(32)的层压夹层(30)与附加玻璃板(20)层压，使得所述层压夹层(30)的不透明区域(32)面向划界区(17)布置，并且薄层叠层(12)面向层压夹层(30)。
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US20190091972A1 (en) * 2016-04-27 2019-03-28 Saint-Gobain Glass France Enamel printing process for a laminated glazing having functional layers
CN109153233A (zh) * 2016-05-31 2019-01-04 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 具有去除边界的功能层的层压窗玻璃
CN110382227A (zh) * 2018-02-14 2019-10-25 法国圣戈班玻璃厂 摄像头的视野区域具有减少的光学畸变的机动车辆挡风玻璃
FR3084352A1 (fr) * 2018-07-26 2020-01-31 Saint-Gobain Glass France Procede d'obtention d'un miroir decoratif.
CN109835149A (zh) * 2019-04-03 2019-06-04 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 一种防眩夹层玻璃

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FR3114265B1 (fr) 2023-03-24
EP4214171A1 (fr) 2023-07-26

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