CN114554507B - Multi-hop LoRaWAN communication system and method for ecological monitoring - Google Patents

Multi-hop LoRaWAN communication system and method for ecological monitoring Download PDF

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CN114554507B
CN114554507B CN202210184574.3A CN202210184574A CN114554507B CN 114554507 B CN114554507 B CN 114554507B CN 202210184574 A CN202210184574 A CN 202210184574A CN 114554507 B CN114554507 B CN 114554507B
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data
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lorawan
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CN114554507A (en
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周良军
刘海隆
沈淳懿
赵宏涛
黄欣悦
黎园园
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
    • H04W16/18—Network planning tools
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H04L12/2854—Wide area networks, e.g. public data networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0268—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control using specific QoS parameters for wireless networks, e.g. QoS class identifier [QCI] or guaranteed bit rate [GBR]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/0289—Congestion control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/04—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources
    • H04W40/10—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing based on wireless node resources based on available power or energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
    • H04W40/02—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing
    • H04W40/22—Communication route or path selection, e.g. power-based or shortest path routing using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological monitoring-oriented multi-hop LoRaWAN communication system and method, wherein the system comprises a plurality of monitoring sites, each monitoring site comprises a LoRaWAN gateway and a plurality of monitoring nodes, and the LoRaWAN gateway is powered by a power grid and is connected to the Internet in a wired or wireless mode; the monitoring nodes acquire monitoring data of the sensor at regular time, the monitoring nodes farthest from the LoRaWAN gateway start to upload adjacent monitoring nodes step by step in a multi-hop mode, and finally the monitoring nodes closest to the LoRaWAN gateway upload the data to the LoRaWAN gateway for gathering. The invention expands the coverage range of the LoRaWAN star network by adding the node multi-hop transmission function to the LoRaWAN protocol, and can carry out long-term ecological environment monitoring in unmanned wide areas.

Description

Multi-hop LoRaWAN communication system and method for ecological monitoring
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological environment monitoring, and particularly relates to an ecological monitoring-oriented multi-hop LoRaWAN communication system and method.
Background
Xinjiang, 166.49 square kilometers in area, is the provincial administrative district with the largest land area in China, and occupies one sixth of the total land area in China. But its population is as many as 2000 million, with the global GDP at an intermediate back level in the national ranking. Xinjiang, the current situation of rare land and low economic overall level, is closely and indiscriminately connected with the unique ecological environment. The environment of the agriculture place in oasis in Xinjiang is extremely fragile, water is deficient, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is seriously uneven, vegetation is sparse, sand wind activity is frequent, soil is barren and salinized, and the self-maintenance capability of the system is weak. According to statistics, the desertification of Xinjiang is the first of China, the desertification land area reaches 79.59 ten thousand square kilometers, wherein the desert area is 43 ten thousand square kilometers, and the gobi area is 32.64 ten thousand square kilometers. Therefore, monitoring the climate and soil information of the Kunlun mountain in Xinjiang plays an important reference significance for protecting the local ecological environment. Based on the characteristics of high cold and high altitude, large mountain coverage area and rugged and dangerous mountain road in the mountainous environment of Kunlun mountains in Xinjiang, the ecological monitoring network puts forward quite high requirements on the communication distance and the operation power consumption of the communication technology. The communication technologies commonly used in the severe environment, such as satellite communication and data radio communication, have the defects of high price, large volume and high power consumption, and a wide area network LoRaWAN with low power consumption only can construct a star network and cannot go deep into the abdominal area of an unmanned area, so that the communication technology is difficult to be applied to the environment, such as Xinjiang Kunlun mountain, which needs long-term remote communication.
The patent application with the publication number of CN113507703A discloses a LoRa multi-hop communication method and system for field rescue, the method adopts rescue nodes, network access nodes and a LoRa gateway, the rescue nodes and the network access nodes all belong to mobile terminals and communicate through a LoRa communication module, the network access nodes are added into a LoRaWAN network where the LoRa gateway is located, the network access nodes are arranged in a Class C working mode and communicate with the rescue nodes in a Receive Window RX2 Window specified by the LoRaWAN, and the rescue nodes, the network access nodes and the LoRa gateway form the LoRa multi-hop communication network. Although the LoRaWAN multi-hop network formed by the method expands the communication range of the LoRaWAN star network, the used Class C working mode is only suitable for emergency rescue in a short time, the requirements of regular data transmission and energy saving of monitoring nodes are not considered, and the LoRaWAN multi-hop network cannot be used for long-term monitoring of an ecological monitoring network.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides an ecological monitoring-oriented multi-hop LoRaWAN communication system which expands the coverage range of a LoRaWAN star network by adding a node multi-hop transmission function to a LoRaWAN protocol, can carry out long-term ecological environment monitoring in an unmanned wide area, and provides an ecological monitoring method based on multi-hop LoRaWAN communication.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a multi-hop LoRaWAN communication system facing ecological monitoring comprises a plurality of monitoring sites, wherein each monitoring site comprises a LoRaWAN gateway and a plurality of monitoring nodes, each monitoring node is provided with a soil sensor or a meteorological sensor, and the LoRaWAN gateway is supplied with power through a power grid and is connected to the Internet in a wired or wireless (5G communication, beidou short messages and the like) mode;
the monitoring nodes acquire monitoring data of the sensor regularly, the monitoring nodes farthest from the LoRaWAN gateway upload adjacent monitoring nodes step by step, the monitoring nodes closest to the LoRaWAN gateway upload the data to the LoRaWAN gateway for gathering, the LoRaWAN gateway sends the monitoring data of all the monitoring nodes uploaded in the current monitoring period to the cloud server through the Internet, and a user analyzes the data received by the cloud server on a background.
The format of the data packet uploaded by the monitoring node comprises a node control part and a data part;
the node control part comprises node equipment information, node routing information, a control instruction and node current time; the node equipment information comprises a node ID, a node grade, a node uploading priority and a node residual electric quantity; the node routing information comprises a peripheral superior node ID list, a father node ID and a child node ID list; the control command has the following conditions: 0 represents networking request, 1 represents networking confirmation, 2 represents uploading request and 3 represents uploading confirmation;
the data portion contains the node ID and the monitoring data.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an ecology monitoring method based on multi-hop LoRaWAN communication, which includes the following steps:
s1, networking monitoring nodes and gateways deployed in a mesh structure;
s2, selecting a time window to upload monitoring data;
s3, periodically re-networking, so that the nodes can perform optimal routing selection;
and S4, the server analyzes and processes the received data.
Further, the specific implementation method of step S1 is as follows:
s11, after all monitoring nodes are deployed, the monitoring nodes send data to the LoRaWAN gateway in an ABP network access mode through the triplets nwkSKey, appKey and devAddr which are written in advance, the replied monitoring nodes set the node grade to be 1, and networking is successful; the monitoring node which does not obtain the reply enters a receiving mode;
s12, the networking monitoring node broadcasts self node information, and after the non-networking monitoring node receives the node information of the networking monitoring node, the monitoring node is selected to send a network access reply according to a routing principle;
s13, the networking monitoring node adds the replied non-networking monitoring node into a child node list according to a reply sequence, and returns upload priority and confirmation networking information to the non-networking monitoring node;
s14, after receiving the confirmation reply, the non-networking monitoring node saves the uploading priority, adds 1 to the level of the monitoring node on the basis of the level of the monitoring node at the upper level, and achieves successful networking;
and S15, repeating S12-S14 by all monitoring nodes until all monitoring nodes are successfully networked, and sending information of the networked monitoring nodes to the LoRaWAN by the monitoring nodes with the level 1.
Further, the step S2 includes the following sub-steps:
s21, according to the set sending time, all monitoring nodes start to upload monitoring data according to the node levels and the uploading priority of the monitoring nodes, and the rest nodes enter a monitoring mode in sequence; if one monitoring node needs to transmit data to other monitoring nodes, the monitoring node transmitting the data is a child node, and the monitoring node receiving the data is a father node;
s22, when the child nodes of the same father node upload data, the data are sent according to uploading priorities divided during networking, channel parameters are kept consistent, and a random channel parameter method is adopted among different father nodes to avoid congestion;
s23, after the child node finishes sending, opening a receiving window for a period of time for receiving the reply signal received by the father node, and if the reply signal is not received, retransmitting the reply signal;
s24, the father node keeps a receiving window with three sending times at most for the same child node, and if the child node fails to send for three times, the uploaded data is stored for waiting for the next uploading window; the father node starts to receive the data of the next priority node;
s25, after the child node of the secondary uploading priority sets the receiving time window time kept by the father node, data uploading is started, and S23 and S24 are repeatedly executed until all child node data are sent;
s26, after the node monitoring data is sent, entering a sleep mode, and after the upper-level node combines the received data, starting to upload the data;
and S27, repeating the steps S22-S26 until all data are uploaded, and finishing a task period.
Further, the step S4 includes the following sub-steps:
s41, the server analyzes the received data packet and extracts corresponding monitoring data according to the node number;
s42, if a certain node has two or more pieces of data, inquiring whether the node history has missing data, if so, filling the history data, and if not, discarding redundant data and giving an alarm;
s43, if partial node data are lacked in a single period, marking the nodes without data as an unconnection state and giving an alarm;
and S44, the server stores and displays the monitoring data of all the nodes according to time.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides an ecological monitoring oriented multi-hop LoRaWAN communication system, which solves the defect that a LoRaWAN protocol can only realize star network transmission and can not realize mesh network transmission by introducing multi-hop among nodes. The long-distance low-power-consumption characteristic of the LoRa communication technology is utilized, the battery energy supply of months and the 10-kilometer-level communication transmission can be realized, the price of a single communication node only needs dozens of yuan, and the pain point that the satellite communication and the power transmission station communication price of remote unmanned area ecological environment monitoring dependence are expensive, large in size and high in power consumption is solved, so that the construction cost of the monitoring system is greatly reduced, and the later maintenance is more convenient.
2. The technical scheme of the invention adds a node multi-hop transmission function to the LoRaWAN protocol, expands the coverage area of the LoRaWAN star network, fully utilizes the characteristics of wide coverage area and strong anti-interference capability of the LoRaWAN star network, expands the application range of the original urban wide area network and rural wide area network, and can carry out long-term ecological environment monitoring in unmanned wide areas; and because the multi-hop LoRaWAN protocol is expanded from the LoRoWAN protocol, the existing LoRa terminal and server in the market are utilized, so that the design and development period and the cost are greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a multi-hop LoRaWAN communication system for ecological monitoring according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an uploaded data format of a monitoring node according to the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of an ecology monitoring method based on multi-hop LoRaWAN communication according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-hop LoRaWAN communication system for ecological monitoring of the present invention is deployed in a remote unmanned area for ecological environment monitoring, and includes a plurality of monitoring sites, each monitoring site includes an LoRaWAN gateway and a plurality of monitoring nodes, each monitoring node is provided with a soil sensor or a meteorological sensor, the detection nodes and the adjacent detection nodes or LoRaWAN gateways are separated by 4 km to maximize the communication distance using the LoRa communication module, and the monitoring sites use batteries and solar energy for power supply; a LoRaWAN gateway is erected at a place close to a manned area, and the LoRaWAN gateway is supplied with power through a power grid and is connected to the Internet in a wired or wireless mode;
the monitoring nodes acquire monitoring data of the sensor regularly, the monitoring nodes farthest from the LoRaWAN gateway upload adjacent monitoring nodes step by step, the monitoring nodes closest to the LoRaWAN gateway upload the data to the LoRaWAN gateway for gathering, the LoRaWAN gateway sends the monitoring data of all the monitoring nodes uploaded in the current monitoring period to the cloud server through the Internet, and a user analyzes the data received by the cloud server on a background.
The format of the data packet uploaded by the monitoring node comprises a node control part and a data part;
as shown in fig. 2, the node control section contains node device information (EndDeviceInfo), node routing information (EndDeviceRoutingInfo), control command (EndDeviceCommand), node current time (EndDeviceTime); the node device information includes a node ID (EndDeviceID), a node rank (enddevicerink), a node upload priority (EndDevicePriority), and a node remaining power (EndDeviceBattery); the node routing information includes a peripheral superior node ID list (neibor frontherend device), a parent node ID (frontherend device), and a child node ID list (sonenddevice ID); the control command has the following conditions: 0 represents networking request, 1 represents networking confirmation, 2 represents uploading request and 3 represents uploading confirmation;
the data section contains node ID (EndDeviceID) and monitoring data (DataBuffer) including temperature, humidity, illuminance, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, wind direction, and the like.
After receiving the control information and the data information of the lower node, the upper node uses the control part for identification and processing but does not store the control part, and the data part is stored and uploaded to the higher node at the next time. This repetition reduces code complexity without requiring any modification to the data information.
As shown in fig. 3, the ecological monitoring method based on multi-hop LoRaWAN communication of the present invention includes the following steps:
s1, networking monitoring nodes and gateways deployed in a mesh structure; the specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
s11, after the node deployment is electrified and initialized, in order to wait for other node deployment, networking is initiated when a set date and time comes. After all monitoring nodes are deployed, the monitoring nodes send data to a LoRaWAN gateway in an ABP network access mode through a triplet nwkSKey (network session key), an appKey (application session key) and a devAddr (device address) written in advance, and the node grade (EndDeviceRank) of the replied monitoring nodes is set to be 1, so that networking is successful; the monitoring node which does not obtain the reply enters a receiving mode;
s12, the networking monitoring node broadcasts the node information of the networking monitoring node, and the networking monitoring node waits for T after the broadcasting is finished N After which time it switches to receive mode for 1 second and then continues to broadcast and repeats 10 times. After the non-networking monitoring node receives the node information of the networking monitoring node, the monitoring node is selected according to the routing principle, the control instruction is set to be 0, and a network access reply is sent to the selected node ID;
time T N The ToA is 2 times of the air flight time ToA of the signal, and the calculation formula of the ToA is as follows:
Figure BDA0003518543980000051
spreading factors SF =5, SF = 6:
Figure BDA0003518543980000052
for other SFs:
Figure BDA0003518543980000053
N symbol_header 0 denotes taking N symbol_header And maximum value of 0, N symbol_header 0 denotes taking N symbol_header And a maximum of 0, BW being bandwidth;
the above parameters are set as follows:
(1) When CRC (Cyclic redundancy check) is on, N bit_CRC =16, otherwise 0;
(2) Explicit header modeTime N symbol_header =20, otherwise 0;
(3) CR is 1, 2, 3 or 4 and respectively corresponds to the coding rate of 4/5, 4/6, 4/7 or 4/8;
(4)N byte_payload is the payload data bit amount.
Routing principle: the non-networking nodes can obtain the energy consumption condition, the signal intensity and the signal-to-noise ratio of the non-networking nodes according to the signals broadcasted by the networking nodes; setting weights for energy consumption conditions, signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio parameters, wherein the energy consumption conditions are first priority levels, giving evaluation factors of networking nodes, sequencing the received networking nodes according to the evaluation factors, and selecting the networking nodes with high evaluation factors to send networking requests;
the formula of the evaluation factor Rs of the networked node is as follows:
Figure BDA0003518543980000061
wherein B is the remaining battery capacity, RSSI is the received signal strength, and the formula of the receive sensitivity S is as follows:
S＝-174+10*log 10 (BW)+NF+SNR limit
NF is the receiver noise figure (default is 6 dB), SNR is the signal-to-noise ratio, and the SNR limit is the SNR limit The comparison table is as follows:
SF SNR limit (dB)
7 -7.5
8 -10
9 -12.5
10 -15
11 -17.5
12 -20
s13, the networking monitoring node adds the replied non-networking monitoring node into a child node list according to a reply sequence, and returns upload priority and confirmation networking information to the non-networking monitoring node;
s14, after receiving the confirmation reply, the non-networking monitoring node saves the uploading priority, adds 1 to the own monitoring node grade on the basis of the higher monitoring node grade, and successfully networks;
and S15, repeating S12-S14 by all monitoring nodes until all monitoring nodes are successfully networked, and sending the information of the networked monitoring nodes to LoRaWAN by the monitoring nodes with the level of 1.
After networking is finished, all monitoring nodes enter a normalized monitoring stage, and the monitoring network takes the determined date and time as an anchor point and a required monitoring period as the next uploading time. The time is updated every time the upper node issues data to ensure accuracy.
S2, selecting a time window to upload monitoring data; the method comprises the following steps:
s21, according to the set sending time, all monitoring nodes start to upload monitoring data according to the node levels and the uploading priority, and the other nodes enter a monitoring mode in sequence; if one monitoring node needs to transmit data to other monitoring nodes, the monitoring node transmitting the data is a child node, and the monitoring node receives the dataThe monitoring node is a father node; when uploading, T is required to be advanced t Begin uploading data at time, where T t The calculation formula of (c) is:
T t ＝(EndDeviceRank-1)*10+ToA-(EndDevicePriority-1)*2
parent node with child node, in advance of T t On the basis of uploading data, T needs to be advanced again r Time-open receive window, where T r The calculation formula of (c) is:
T r ＝EndDeviceRank*10
the closing of the receiving window is related to the uploading completion condition of the lower node;
s22, when the child nodes of the same father node upload data, sending (TDMA) according to upload priority (EndDevicepriority) divided during networking, keeping channel parameters consistent, and avoiding Congestion (CDMA) by adopting a random channel parameter method among different father nodes; the modulation modes under different combinations of the spreading factor SF and the bandwidth BW are mutually orthogonal;
s23, after the child node finishes sending, opening a receiving window for a period of time (0.5 second) for receiving the reply signal of the father node, and if the reply signal is not received, retransmitting (3 times);
s24, a father node keeps a receiving window (generally 2 seconds) with three times of sending time for the same child node at most, and if the child node fails to send for three times, the uploaded data is stored to wait for the next uploading window; the father node starts to receive the data of the next priority node;
s25, after the child node of the secondary uploading priority sets the receiving time window time (2 seconds) kept by the father node, starting to upload data, and repeatedly executing S23 and S24 until all child node data are sent;
s26, after the node monitoring data is sent, the node enters a sleep mode, and after the upper node combines the received data, the node starts to upload the data; the data combination mode is as follows: according to the receiving sequence, combining the node ID + monitoring data and the residual electric quantity in the data buffer;
and S27, repeating the steps S22-S26 until all data are uploaded, finishing a task period, and sending the data received in the period to the cloud server through the LoRaWAN gateway according to the data packets of the node control part and the data part.
And S3, along with the operation of the network, the energy consumption among the nodes is different due to different actual operation conditions such as communication environments, the number of child nodes and the like, so that the service life of the network nodes needs to be balanced by changing routes. Periodically re-networking, so that the nodes can perform optimal routing selection; the node resets the node level and the channel parameter of the node, and then the same operation as the step S1 is executed for networking;
s4, analyzing and processing the received data by the server; after receiving the uploaded data, the server also needs to analyze the original data buffer to display the data, and S4 specifically includes the following sub-steps:
s41, the server analyzes the received data packet and extracts corresponding monitoring data according to the node number;
s42, if a certain node has two or more pieces of data, inquiring whether the node history has missing data, if so, filling the history data, if not, discarding redundant data and giving an alarm, and only keeping any piece of data as the data of the node;
s43, if partial node data are lacked in a single period, marking the node without data as an offline state and giving an alarm; the states of the nodes are: normal operation, temporary loss of connection, insufficient electric quantity and offline. The method comprises the steps that a normal operation state is set after default networking is carried out, if data of the current time are not received, temporary loss of connection is marked, if data are not received for more than 3 times, offline is marked, and if the electric quantity is lower than 20%, the electric quantity is marked to be insufficient;
and S44, the server stores and displays the monitoring data of all the nodes according to time.
It will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein are intended to assist the reader in understanding the principles of the invention and are to be construed as being without limitation to such specifically recited embodiments and examples. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific changes and combinations based on the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these changes and combinations are within the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. An ecological monitoring method based on multi-hop LoRaWAN communication is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, networking monitoring nodes and gateways deployed in a mesh structure; the system comprises a plurality of monitoring sites, wherein each monitoring site comprises a LoRaWAN gateway and a plurality of monitoring nodes, each monitoring node is provided with a soil sensor or a meteorological sensor, and the LoRaWAN gateway is supplied with power through a power grid and is connected to the Internet in a wired or wireless mode;
monitoring nodes acquire monitoring data of a sensor regularly, the monitoring nodes farthest from the LoRaWAN gateway upload adjacent monitoring nodes step by step in a multi-hop manner, the monitoring nodes closest to the LoRaWAN gateway upload the data to the LoRaWAN gateway for gathering, the LoRaWAN gateway transmits the monitoring data of all the monitoring nodes uploaded in the current monitoring period to a cloud server through the Internet, and a user analyzes the data received by the cloud server on a background;
the specific implementation method comprises the following steps:
s11, after all monitoring nodes are deployed, the monitoring nodes send data to the LoRaWAN gateway in an ABP network access mode through the triplets nwkSKey, appKey and devAddr which are written in advance, the replied monitoring nodes set the node grade to be 1, and networking is successful; the monitoring node which does not obtain the reply enters a receiving mode;
s12, the networking monitoring node broadcasts self node information, and after the non-networking monitoring node receives the node information of the networking monitoring node, the monitoring node is selected to send a network access reply according to a routing principle;
s13, the networking monitoring node adds the replied non-networking monitoring node into a child node list according to a reply sequence, and returns upload priority and confirmation networking information to the non-networking monitoring node;
s14, after receiving the confirmation reply, the non-networking monitoring node saves the uploading priority, adds 1 to the own monitoring node grade on the basis of the higher monitoring node grade, and successfully networks;
s15, repeating S12-S14 by all monitoring nodes until all monitoring nodes are successfully networked, and sending information of the networked monitoring nodes to LoRaWAN by the monitoring nodes with the grade of 1; s2, selecting a time window to upload monitoring data; the method comprises the following steps:
s21, according to the set sending time, all monitoring nodes start to upload monitoring data according to the node levels and the uploading priority of the monitoring nodes, and the rest nodes enter a monitoring mode in sequence; if one monitoring node needs to transmit data to other monitoring nodes, the monitoring node transmitting the data is a child node, and the monitoring node receiving the data is a father node;
s22, when the child nodes of the same father node upload data, the data are sent according to uploading priority divided during networking, channel parameters are kept consistent, and congestion is avoided by adopting a random channel parameter method among different father nodes;
s23, after the child node finishes sending, opening a receiving window for a period of time for receiving the reply signal received by the father node, and if the reply signal is not received, retransmitting the reply signal;
s24, the father node keeps a receiving window with three sending times for the same child node at most, and if the child node fails to send for three times, the uploaded data of the child node is stored to wait for the next uploading window; the father node starts to receive the data of the next priority node;
s25, after the child node of the secondary uploading priority sets the receiving time window time kept by the father node, data uploading is started, and S23 and S24 are repeatedly executed until all child node data are sent;
s26, after the node monitoring data is sent, the node enters a sleep mode, and after the upper node combines the received data, the node starts to upload the data;
s27, repeating the steps S22-S26 until all data are uploaded, and finishing a task period;
s3, periodically re-networking, so that the nodes can perform optimal routing selection;
s4, the server analyzes and processes the received data; the method comprises the following steps:
s41, the server analyzes the received data packet and extracts corresponding monitoring data according to the node number;
s42, if a certain node has two or more pieces of data, inquiring whether the node history has missing data, if so, filling the history data, and if not, discarding redundant data and giving an alarm;
s43, if partial node data are lacked in a single period, marking the nodes without data as an unconnection state and giving an alarm;
and S44, the server stores and displays the monitoring data of all the nodes according to time.
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