CN114552107A - 具有牵引电池模块的机动车辆 - Google Patents

具有牵引电池模块的机动车辆 Download PDF

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CN114552107A
CN114552107A CN202111307819.9A CN202111307819A CN114552107A CN 114552107 A CN114552107 A CN 114552107A CN 202111307819 A CN202111307819 A CN 202111307819A CN 114552107 A CN114552107 A CN 114552107A
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vehicle
cell stack
traction battery
battery module
motor vehicle
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P·克勒纳
S·莫斯托菲
C·福尔克默
I·沃格尔
A·斯塔尔切夫斯基
D·席贝尔
R·凯勒
M·穆勒
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，该牵引电池模块具有紧密地密封的模块壳体(20)，在模块壳体中容纳有至少一个单元堆对(600)，该至少一个单元堆对由相应地由至少两个电池单元(62)构成的左侧单元堆和右侧单元堆(60，60')构成。该牵引电池模块(10)被布置在车辆底板(102)上，并且该牵引电池模块相对于车辆中部(M)对称地沿车辆横向方向(X)延伸。该牵引电池模块在水平平面上具有底壁(26)。在位于车辆中部(M)的模块壳体(20)中且相对于车辆横向方向(X)，在左侧单元堆(60)与右侧单元堆(66')之间形成有气体空间(66)，该模块底壁(26)在该气体空间(66)的区域中在车辆中部具有排气元件(30)。

Description

具有牵引电池模块的机动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有牵引电池模块的机动车辆，该电池模块为该机动车辆的牵引电机馈送电能。
背景技术
机动车辆牵引电池模块具有严密地密封的模块壳体，一般来说在该模块壳体中气密地容纳有相应地由多个电池单元构成的多个单元堆。在发生热事件时，温度非常高的气体可能突然从单元堆中逸出，必须有针对性地将这些气体从模块壳体中引出。从DE 102018 221 990A1已知一种在电池壳体内具有多个电池单元的牵引电池，该电池壳体具有呈破裂区形式的侧向排气元件，该破裂区在相对应高的内部气体压力下破裂并且在该区域中允许气体逸出。电池单元不同程度地远离排气元件，从而使电池单元的高温气流在流向脱气元件的过程中可能大量加热其他多个电池单元。
发明内容
在此背景下，本发明的目的是提供一种具有经改善的热气体导出的机动车辆牵引电池。
根据本发明，该目的通过具有下述特征的具有牵引电池模块的机动车辆来实现。
根据本发明的机动车辆具有牵引电池模块，该牵引电池模块具有紧密地密封的模块壳体，在该模块壳体中布置有至少一个单元堆对。大体上以气密的方式来对模块壳体进行密封。单元堆对(相应地相对于车辆纵向轴线)由左侧单元堆和右侧单元堆构成。每个单元堆相应地由至少两个电池单元构成。该牵引电池模块被布置在该车辆底板上并且相对于车辆中部对称地沿车辆横向方向延伸。模块壳体具有位于水平平面上的底壁。在模块壳体内部并且大约在车辆中部，在左侧单元堆与右侧单元堆之间形成有自由的气体空间，该气体空间没有填充任何填充材料、尤其没有填充导热物质。模块底壁在气体空间的区域中并且大约在车辆中部具有排气元件，来自电池单元的高温气体能够在必要时通过该排气元件在车辆中部从车辆底板向下逃逸到车辆外侧。牵引电池模块因此被设计成使得每个单元堆直接以流体连通的方式与气体元件连接，从而使从每个单元堆那里逸出的高温气体能够经由气体空间直接流向排气元件，而不必在此显著地流经其他单元堆。由此可以可靠地避免牵引电池模块内的连锁反应。由于排气是通过排气元件直接从车辆中部到车辆底侧进行的，因此实现了从每个单元堆到排气元件的短流动路径并且确保了对牵引电池模块的局部有限加热。此外，通过高温气体直接逸出到车辆底侧的中部来确保良好的乘员保护。
优选地，该气体空间大体上是方形的并且在车辆横向方向上具有至少10cm的宽度。优选地，该气体空间在车辆横向方向上具有至多30cm的宽度。优选地，气体空间竖直地延伸过相邻的单元堆的整个竖直延伸部分或者在纵向方向上延伸过相邻的单元堆的整个纵向延伸部分。因此，每个单元堆以单元堆侧面近乎在整个表面上与气体空间邻接。通过这种方式确保在每个单元堆与气体空间之间的流动阻力相应地趋近于零并且能够在气体空间中尽可能快地形成借以打开排气元件的超压。
优选地，该排气元件被设计为气密的破裂盘。破裂盘被设计成使得其在显著的超压下可靠地破裂，从而使得在出现热故障情况下以这种方式可靠地打开排气元件。破裂盘例如可以简单地实现为模块壳体的底壁的材料弱化部，然而破裂盘也可以被设计为机械的超压力阀，该超压阀在内部超压降低后再次关闭。
优选地，机动车辆在模块底壁下方具有平面的且液体冷却的冷却底板，通过该冷却底板主动冷却牵引电池模块的底侧。该冷却底板在与该排气元件竖直对齐的取向上(相对于车辆横向方向)具有位于车辆中部的排气开口。因此，排气开口是与排气元件竖直地对齐的。通过这种方式，在故障情况下冷却底板不会妨碍对牵引电池模块进行排气。
优选地，在模块壳体内部可以设置有两个单元堆对，在车辆纵向方向观察，这两个单元堆对是彼此相邻地布置的。原则上，单个的排气元件可以在中部被指配给两个气体空间。然而特别优选地提出，这两个单元堆对和相应被指配给这两个单元堆对的两个气体空间以气密的方式彼此隔绝，其中每个气体空间相应地被指配有各自的排气元件。
优选地，该模块壳体的四个侧壁由挤出型材一体式地形成。
总体上，本发明在此公开下述1的技术方案，下述2-9为本发明的优选技术方案：
1.一种具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，该牵引电池模块具有紧密地密封的模块壳体(20)，在该模块壳体中容纳有至少一个单元堆对(600)，该至少一个单元堆对由相应地由至少两个电池单元(62)构成的左侧单元堆和右侧单元堆(60，60')构成，
其中该牵引电池模块(10)被布置在车辆底板(102)上、相对于车辆中部(M)对称地沿车辆横向方向(X)延伸、并且在水平平面上具有底壁(26)，
其中在位于该车辆中部(M)的模块壳体(20)中并且相对于该车辆横向方向(X)，在该左侧单元堆(60)与该右侧单元堆(66')之间形成有气体空间(66)，其中该模块底壁(26)在该气体空间(66)的区域中在车辆的中部具有排气元件(30)。
2.根据前述1所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该气体空间(66)大体上是方形的并且在车辆横向方向(X)上具有至少10cm的宽度(B)。
3.根据前述1-2之一所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该气体空间(66)大体上是方形的并且在车辆横向方向(X)上具有至多30cm的宽度(B)。
4.根据前述1-3之一所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该气体空间(66)大体上是方形的并且在竖直方向(Z)上延伸过单元堆(60，60')的整个竖直延伸部分。
5.根据前述1-4之一所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该气体空间(66)大体上是方形的并且在车辆纵向方向(Y)上延伸过单元堆(60，60')的整个纵向延伸部分(L)。
6.根据前述1-5之一所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该排气元件(30)被设计为气密的破裂盘(32)。
7.根据前述1-6之一所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中在该模块底壁(26)的下方布置有平面的且液体冷却的冷却底板(40)，该冷却底板在与该排气元件(30)竖直对齐的取向上具有位于车辆中部的排气开口(46)。
8.根据前述1-7之一所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中设置有至少两个单元堆对(600，600')，在车辆纵向方向(Y)上观察，该至少两个单元堆对是彼此相邻地布置的，其中两个气体空间(66，66')以气密的方式彼此隔绝并且每个气体空间(66，66')相应地被指配有各自的排气元件(30，30')。
9.根据前述1-8之一所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该模块壳体(20)的四个侧壁(21-24)由挤出型材一体式地形成。
附图说明
以下借助于附图对本发明的实施例进行详细解释。在附图中：
图1示意性地示出具有位于车辆底板上的牵引电池模块的机动车辆，
图2以横截面示出图1的牵引电池模块，
图3以水平截面示出图1和图2的牵引电池模块，以及
图4以图1至图3的牵引电池模块下方的冷却底板示出车辆底板的仰视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意性地示出具有牵引电机104的机动车辆100，该机动车辆在车辆底板102上具有多个牵引电池模块10，该多个牵引电池模块一起构成机动车辆100的牵引电池。机动车辆100的行驶方向是车辆纵向方向Y，横向方向是车辆横向方向X并且其竖直线是车辆竖直轴线Z。
每个牵引电池模块10具有两个单元堆对600、600'，这两个单元堆对相应地由左侧单元堆60和右侧单元堆60'构成，其中左侧单元堆60位于车辆中部M左侧的车辆左半部，右侧单元堆60'位于车辆中部M右侧的车辆右半部。牵引电池模块10大体上延伸过车辆底板102的宽度的大部分。每个单元堆60、60'相应地由多个电池单元62构成，该多个电池单元当前位于竖直的横向平面上，从而使得每个电池单元62的近侧窄边与处于模块中部的且方形的气体空间66邻接，该气体空间是没有被填充固体物质的自由空间。气体空间66在纵向方向上延伸过整个纵向延伸部分并且在竖直方向上延伸过邻接的两个单元堆60、60'的整个竖直延伸部分。方形的气体空间66在车辆横向方向X上所具有的宽度B例如为20cm。
方形的且以气密的方式密封的金属模块壳体20具有左侧壁21、右侧壁22、顶壁25、底壁26、前端壁23以及后端壁24。模块壳体20部分地由挤出型材体形成，该挤出型材体形成四个长的壳体壁21、22、25、26以及分隔壁80，而相对较小面积的左侧壁21和右侧壁22在这两个单元堆对600、600'被插入到型材体中后已被气密地(例如通过焊接)装配在挤出型材体上。
相对于横向方向x，在车辆中部M的区域中并且大约在底壁26上的相应气体空间66、66'的中部相应地布置有排气元件30，该排气元件原则上是气密的，然而该排气元件被设计成使得其在超过气体空间66、66'与外侧的大气压力之间的限定的压力差的情况下被永久损坏。排气元件30相应地由破裂盘32形成，该破裂盘气密地位于底壁26的排气开口28中。
在与模块壳体20的底壁26的邻接处的下方布置有液体冷却的冷却底板40，该冷却底板藉由流经冷却通道42的冷却液体44大致在整个表面上被主动地冷却。冷却底板40在整个表面上与模块壳体底壁26热耦合，从而使得在充电运行或在牵引运行期间由牵引电池模块10产生的大部分的热量通过冷却底板40排出。冷却底板40在与排气元件30竖直对齐的取向上相应地具有相对应的排气开口46，在排气的情况下气体能够经由该排气开口从气体空间66相对于车辆中部竖直向下地逸出。
在图3的水平截面中可以看到，外部的模块壳体20包含两个单元堆对60、60'，这两个单元堆对由位于竖直的横向平面中的分隔壁80以气密的方式彼此隔绝，从而使得每个单元堆对600、600'被指配有各自的气体空间66、66'和各自的排气元件30、30。

Claims (9)

1.一种具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，该牵引电池模块具有紧密地密封的模块壳体(20)，在该模块壳体中容纳有至少一个单元堆对(600)，该至少一个单元堆对由相应地由至少两个电池单元(62)构成的左侧单元堆和右侧单元堆(60，60')构成，
其中该牵引电池模块(10)被布置在车辆底板(102)上、相对于车辆中部(M)对称地沿车辆横向方向(X)延伸、并且在水平平面上具有底壁(26)，
其中在位于该车辆中部(M)的模块壳体(20)中并且相对于该车辆横向方向(X)，在该左侧单元堆(60)与该右侧单元堆(66')之间形成有气体空间(66)，其中该模块底壁(26)在该气体空间(66)的区域中在车辆的中部具有排气元件(30)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该气体空间(66)大体上是方形的并且在车辆横向方向(X)上具有至少10cm的宽度(B)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该气体空间(66)大体上是方形的并且在车辆横向方向(X)上具有至多30cm的宽度(B)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该气体空间(66)大体上是方形的并且在竖直方向(Z)上延伸过单元堆(60，60')的整个竖直延伸部分。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该气体空间(66)大体上是方形的并且在车辆纵向方向(Y)上延伸过单元堆(60，60')的整个纵向延伸部分(L)。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该排气元件(30)被设计为气密的破裂盘(32)。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中在该模块底壁(26)的下方布置有平面的且液体冷却的冷却底板(40)，该冷却底板在与该排气元件(30)竖直对齐的取向上具有位于车辆中部的排气开口(46)。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中设置有至少两个单元堆对(600，600')，在车辆纵向方向(Y)上观察，该至少两个单元堆对是彼此相邻地布置的，其中两个气体空间(66，66')以气密的方式彼此隔绝并且每个气体空间(66，66')相应地被指配有各自的排气元件(30，30')。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有牵引电池模块(10)的机动车辆(100)，其中该模块壳体(20)的四个侧壁(21-24)由挤出型材一体式地形成。
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