CN114550988A - 一种电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,所述铝塑复合带包括中间铝带及依次设置在所述铝带表面一侧的第一塑料层和第二塑料层;所述第一塑料层为改性低密度聚乙烯树脂,所述改性低密度聚乙烯树脂由以下重量份数的原料组成:80~100份低密度聚乙烯、5~12份氧化石墨烯、3.5~5.5份抗水树助剂、3~7份阻水剂;所述第二塑料层由含氟硅氧烷聚合物与聚乙烯制备得到的互穿网络结构高聚物。本发明电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,综合机械性能、环境性能和介电性能好,其不仅具有优异的耐疲劳和阻水效果,而且具有优异的抗水树和电磁屏蔽性能,可满足海底电缆恶劣环境下的长期使用要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电缆材料的技术领域,尤其涉及一种电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带及其制备方法。
背景技术
电缆广泛应用于电力系统、信息传输和仪表系统等不同领域。海底电缆的应用由来已久,广泛应用在岛屿供电、设备配电、离岸油田开发及离岸风电场等不同场景。海底电缆的结构组成通常包含导体、绝缘层、纵向阻水层、金属屏蔽层、径向阻水层、分相护套到成缆阶段的垫层、铠装和外护层等。对于交联聚乙烯(XLPE)绝缘海底电缆而言,防止在海底电缆运行过程中海水中的水分进入绝缘层产生水树的问题,尤为重要。
现有的铝塑复合带用途广泛,由聚酯薄膜层、粘结剂层以及铝箔层组成,铝箔层借助粘结剂层粘合在聚酯薄膜层一侧表面,其主要用于包裹电线或电缆,起到一定的径向阻水和电磁屏蔽的作用。但现有标准YD/T 723.2-2007《通信电缆光缆用金属塑料复合带第2部分:铝塑复合带》提供的由乙烯-丙烯酸共聚物(EAA)、乙烯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物(EMAA)、或低密度聚乙烯树脂(YL或YLY)等塑料层制成的铝塑复合带仍无法满足海底电缆在严苛条件下长期使用要求。
发明内容
鉴于以上现有技术的不足之处,本发明提供了一种电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,以解决现有铝塑复合带无法兼顾抗水树、耐疲劳及阻水和电磁屏蔽等性能要求,进而难以满足铝塑复合带海底电缆在严苛条件下的长期连续稳定工作要求的问题。
为达到以上目的,本发明采用的技术方案为:
一种电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,所述铝塑复合带包括中间铝带及依次设置在所述铝带表面一侧的第一塑料层和第二塑料层;所述第一塑料层为改性低密度聚乙烯树脂,所述改性低密度聚乙烯树脂由以下重量份数的原料组成:80~100份低密度聚乙烯、5~12份氧化石墨烯、3.5~5.5份抗水树助剂、3~7份阻水剂;所述第二塑料层由含氟硅氧烷聚合物与聚乙烯制备得到的互穿网络结构高聚物。本申请以低密度聚乙烯为基体树脂,通过添加氧化石墨烯进一步提高铝塑复合带的电磁屏蔽性能,抗水树助剂和阻水剂的有利于提高铝塑复合带的抗水树和阻水性能。
优选地,所述抗水树助剂包括分子筛、沸石、多孔二氧化硅或其有机改性多孔颗粒中的至少一种。所述有机改性多孔颗粒为表面涂覆有硅烷偶联剂,并于聚乙烯复配的有机-无机杂化颗粒。本发明中的抗水树助剂为多孔粒子具有吸附特性,使水分的分布更为均匀,不会聚集成水滴,进一步提高铝塑复合带的抗水树性能,本发明铝塑复合带有助于进一步降低抗水树型聚烯烃电缆的水树引发概率,适用于生产潮湿环境中使用的中低压电缆,尤其是海底电缆等。
优选地,所述阻水剂为丙烯酸钠盐或羧甲基纤维素钠盐。
优选地,所述含氟硅氧烷聚合物由带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物单体与二元胺共聚反应得到。
优选地,所述含氟硅氧烷中间物与二元胺的摩尔比为0.9~1.1:1。
优选地,所述含氟硅氧烷中间物由单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛和含氟烯烃反应得到。笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷,或称之为笼型聚倍半硅氧烷,简称POSS,POSS的结构简式为(RSiOl.5)n,其中n=6,8,10,12;优选地n=8,进一步地,单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷是指与其中一个硅原子连接的官能团为乙烯基活性官能团,其他7个与硅原子连接的为惰性基团,包括但不限于甲基、乙基等基团。例如惰性基团为甲基时,其制备方法具体是以甲基三甲氧基硅烷和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷为原料,采用本领域技术人员已知的水解法制备得到。本发明的含氟硅氧烷中间物通过笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷独有的笼型结构特点结合含氟基团,有助于水分子的分散,防止其聚集成水滴,进一步提高铝塑复合带的抗水树性能。
优选地,所述单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛和含氟烯烃的摩尔比为1~1.1:2:1~1.1。
优选地,所述二元胺为乙二胺、丙二胺、戊二胺、己二胺、苯二胺、环己二胺中的至少一种。
优选地,所述含氟烯烃为全氟丁基乙烯、3-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-1-丙烯、2-烯丙氧基-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷、4,4,4-三氟-1-丁烯、3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1-丙烯中的至少一种。
本发明的另外一方面是提供一种如上述电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:将80~100份低密度聚乙烯、5~12份氧化石墨烯、3.5~5.5份抗水树助剂、3~7份阻水剂混合均匀,均匀悬涂在中间铝带的一侧,得到涂覆有第一塑料层的中间铝带;
步骤S2:将2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛溶于甲苯溶剂中,按单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、含氟烯烃与2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛摩尔比为5~12:5~12:5~12,分别添加单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷和含氟烯烃,搅拌混合均匀,升温加热至60~90℃,再加入引发剂,在氮气气氛保护下回流反应5~12h,得到带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物;
步骤S3:将低密度聚乙烯溶胀在二元胺中,再加入步骤S2得到的带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物,扩链聚合反应后,得到具有互穿网络结构高聚物,将所述互穿网络结构高聚物作为第二塑料层热喷涂在步骤S1得到的中间铝带上,得到所述电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带。
本发明采用由单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛和含氟烯烃反应得到的含氟硅氧烷中间物作为聚合物单体,在溶胀的聚乙烯树脂中利用醛基活性官能团与二元胺进行聚合反应,形成具有耐疲劳、耐老化等高性能的互穿网络塑料层结构,延长了其在恶劣条件下长期使用寿命。同时,本发明通过笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷和抗水树助剂的协同作用,使得铝塑复合带具有良好的抗水树作用,进一步减缓电缆绝缘层水树现象的发生;笼型聚倍半硅氧烷的氟硅基团则进一步提高了铝塑复合带的阻水效果。本发明制备的铝塑复合带在保证铝塑复合带的机械性能、环境性能和介电性能等性能基础上,使其具备抗水树性能和电磁屏蔽性能,具有水树引发率低,树枝长度小的特点。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,综合机械性能、环境性能和介电性能好,其不仅具有优异的耐疲劳和阻水效果,而且具有优异的抗水树和电磁屏蔽性能,可满足海底电缆恶劣环境下的长期使用要求。
具体实施方式
以下描述用于揭露本发明以使本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。以下描述中的优选实施例只作为举例,本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。
实施例1
本实施例的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其包括中间铝带及依次设置在所述铝带表面一侧的第一塑料层和第二塑料层;所述第一塑料层为改性低密度聚乙烯树脂,所述改性低密度聚乙烯树脂由以下重量份数的原料组成:80份低密度聚乙烯、5份氧化石墨烯、3.5份抗水树助剂、3份阻水剂;所述第二塑料层由含氟硅氧烷聚合物与聚乙烯制备得到的互穿网络结构高聚物。所述抗水树助剂为多孔分子筛。所述阻水剂为羧甲基纤维素钠盐。
本实施例电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:按重量份计,称取80份低密度聚乙烯、5份氧化石墨烯、3.5份抗水树助剂、3份阻水剂混合均匀,均匀悬涂在中间铝带的一侧,得到涂覆有第一塑料层的中间铝带;
步骤S2:将2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛溶于甲苯溶剂中,按单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS通式n=8,其中1个R基为乙烯基,另外7个R基为甲基,下同)、全氟丁基乙烯与2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛摩尔比为1:1:2,分别添加单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷和全氟丁基乙烯,搅拌混合均匀,升温加热至90℃,再加入引发剂过硫酸钠,在氮气气氛保护下回流反应12h,得到带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物;引发剂添加量占单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、全氟丁基乙烯与2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛质量总和的0.5%;所述含氟硅氧烷中间物的熔融指数为4.3g/min;
步骤S3:将50份低密度聚乙烯溶胀在20份乙二胺中,再加入步骤S2得到的带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物,所述含氟硅氧烷中间物与二元胺的摩尔比为1.05:1,微波加热至120℃,扩链聚合反应后,得到具有互穿网络结构高聚物,将所述互穿网络结构高聚物作为第二塑料层热喷涂在步骤S1得到的中间铝带上,得到所述电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带。铝塑复合带为0.16mm。
实施例2
本实施例的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其包括中间铝带及依次设置在所述铝带表面一侧的第一塑料层和第二塑料层;所述第一塑料层为改性低密度聚乙烯树脂,所述改性低密度聚乙烯树脂由以下重量份数的原料组成:90份低密度聚乙烯、7份氧化石墨烯、4.5份抗水树助剂、5份阻水剂;所述第二塑料层由含氟硅氧烷聚合物与聚乙烯制备得到的互穿网络结构高聚物。所述抗水树助剂为多孔二氧化硅。所述阻水剂为丙烯酸钠盐。
本实施例电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:按重量份计,称取90份低密度聚乙烯、7份氧化石墨烯、4.5份抗水树助剂、5份阻水剂混合均匀,均匀悬涂在中间铝带的一侧,得到涂覆有第一塑料层的中间铝带;
步骤S2:将2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛溶于甲苯溶剂中,按单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、3-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-1-丙烯与2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛摩尔比为1.05:1:2,分别添加单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷和3-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-1-丙烯,搅拌混合均匀,升温加热至90℃,再加入引发剂过硫酸钠,在氮气气氛保护下回流反应8h,得到带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物;引发剂添加量占单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、3-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-1-丙烯与2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛质量总和的0.5%;所述含氟硅氧烷中间物的熔融指数为4.6g/min;
步骤S3:将50份低密度聚乙烯溶胀在20份丙二胺中,再加入步骤S2得到的带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物,所述含氟硅氧烷中间物与二元胺的摩尔比为1.1:1,微波加热至160℃,扩链聚合反应后,得到具有互穿网络结构高聚物,将所述互穿网络结构高聚物作为第二塑料层热喷涂在步骤S1得到的中间铝带上,得到所述电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带。铝塑复合带为0.16mm。
实施例3
本实施例的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其包括中间铝带及依次设置在所述铝带表面一侧的第一塑料层和第二塑料层;所述第一塑料层为改性低密度聚乙烯树脂,所述改性低密度聚乙烯树脂由以下重量份数的原料组成:100份低密度聚乙烯、12份氧化石墨烯、5.5份抗水树助剂、7份阻水剂;所述第二塑料层由含氟硅氧烷聚合物与聚乙烯制备得到的互穿网络结构高聚物。
所述抗水树助剂为有机改性多孔分子筛颗粒,其具体改性方法为:将5重量份多孔分子筛颗粒浸渍在20重量份硅烷偶联剂KH550中0.5h,取出、移入高速球磨机中,并加入3重量份聚乙烯母料,使多孔分子筛颗粒分散于聚乙烯母料中,从而复配得到的有机-无机杂化颗粒。所述阻水剂为羧甲基纤维素钠盐。通过改性后的多孔分子筛颗粒,更加牢固均匀的分散并结合在塑料层中,并易于与第一塑料层中的其他组份复配,进一步有效提高铝塑复合带的各项综合性能。
本实施例电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:按重量份计,称取100份低密度聚乙烯、12份氧化石墨烯、5.5份抗水树助剂、7份阻水剂混合均匀,均匀悬涂在中间铝带的一侧,得到涂覆有第一塑料层的中间铝带;
步骤S2:将2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛溶于甲苯溶剂中,按单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、2-烯丙氧基-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷与2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛摩尔比为1.05:1:2,分别添加单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷和2-烯丙氧基-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷,搅拌混合均匀,升温加热至60℃,再加入引发剂过硫酸钠,在氮气气氛保护下回流反应12h,得到带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物;引发剂添加量占单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、2-烯丙氧基-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷与2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛质量总和的0.5%;所述含氟硅氧烷中间物的熔融指数为4.4g/min;
步骤S3:将50份低密度聚乙烯溶胀在20份己二胺中,再加入步骤S2得到的带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物,所述含氟硅氧烷中间物与二元胺的摩尔比为1.1:1,微波加热至160℃,扩链聚合反应后,得到具有互穿网络结构高聚物,将所述互穿网络结构高聚物作为第二塑料层热喷涂在步骤S1得到的中间铝带上,得到所述电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带。铝塑复合带为0.16mm。
对比例1
本对比例的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其原料组成与制备步骤基本与实施例1相同,不同之处在于,本对比例的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,中间铝带一侧仅设置第一塑料层,而未设置第二塑料层。
对比例2
本对比例的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其原料组成与制备步骤基本与实施例1相同,不同之处在于,本对比例的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,中间铝带一侧仅设置第二塑料层,而未设置第一塑料层。
对比例3
本对比例的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其原料组成与制备步骤基本与实施例1相同,不同之处在于,本对比例的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,第二塑料层仅为低密度聚乙烯。
将实施例1~3和对比例1~3制备得到的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带进行性能测试,其性能结果如表1所示:
其中,机械性能、环境性能和介电性能按标准YD/T 723.2-2007进行测试。
抗水树性能测试:参照标准DL/T 1070-2007进行测试,试验电压18kV,连续进行10次正极性冲击和10次负极性冲击,测试水树长度,以此评价铝塑复合带的抗水树性能。
表1
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其特征在于,所述铝塑复合带包括中间铝带及依次设置在所述铝带表面一侧的第一塑料层和第二塑料层;所述第一塑料层为改性低密度聚乙烯树脂,所述改性低密度聚乙烯树脂由以下重量份数的原料组成:80~100份低密度聚乙烯、5~12份氧化石墨烯、3.5~5.5份抗水树助剂、3~7份阻水剂;所述第二塑料层由含氟硅氧烷聚合物与聚乙烯制备得到的互穿网络结构高聚物。
2.如权利要求1所述的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其特征在于,所述抗水树助剂包括分子筛、沸石、多孔二氧化硅或其有机改性多孔颗粒中的至少一种。
3.如权利要求1所述的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其特征在于,所述阻水剂为丙烯酸钠盐或羧甲基纤维素钠盐。
4.如权利要求1所述的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其特征在于,所述含氟硅氧烷聚合物由带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物单体与二元胺共聚反应得到。
5.如权利要求4所述的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其特征在于,所述含氟硅氧烷中间物与二元胺的摩尔比为0.9~1.1:1。
6.如权利要求4所述的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其特征在于,所述含氟硅氧烷中间物由单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛和含氟烯烃反应得到。
7.如权利要求6所述的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其特征在于,所述单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛和含氟烯烃的摩尔比为1~1.1:2:1~1.1。
8.如权利要求4所述的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其特征在于,所述二元胺为乙二胺、丙二胺、戊二胺、己二胺、苯二胺、环己二胺中的至少一种。
9.如权利要求6所述的电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带,其特征在于,所述含氟烯烃为全氟丁基乙烯、3-(2,2-二氟乙氧基)-1-丙烯、2-烯丙氧基-1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷、4,4,4-三氟-1-丁烯、3-(2,2,2-三氟乙氧基)-1-丙烯中的至少一种。
10.一种如权利要求1~9任一项所述电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤S1:将80~100份低密度聚乙烯、5~12份氧化石墨烯、3.5~5.5份抗水树助剂、3~7份阻水剂混合均匀,均匀悬涂在中间铝带的一侧,得到涂覆有第一塑料层的中间铝带;
步骤S2:将2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛溶于甲苯溶剂中,按单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷、含氟烯烃与2,5-二乙烯基-1,4-苯二甲醛摩尔比为5~12:5~12:5~12,分别添加单乙烯基笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷和含氟烯烃,搅拌混合均匀,升温加热至60~90℃,再加入引发剂,在氮气气氛保护下回流反应5~12h,得到带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物;
步骤S3:将低密度聚乙烯溶胀在二元胺中,再加入步骤S2得到的带有二元醛官能基团的含氟硅氧烷中间物,扩链聚合反应后,得到具有互穿网络结构高聚物,将所述互穿网络结构高聚物作为第二塑料层热喷涂在步骤S1得到的中间铝带上,得到所述电缆包覆用的铝塑复合带。
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CN116355449A (zh) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-06-30 | 广州鸿泰新材料科技有限公司 | 一种耐酸碱喷雾阀封杯涂层 |
CN116574329A (zh) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-08-11 | 博特尔包装(江苏)有限公司 | 一种抗拉伸的聚丙烯包装膜的制备工艺 |
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CN116574329A (zh) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-08-11 | 博特尔包装(江苏)有限公司 | 一种抗拉伸的聚丙烯包装膜的制备工艺 |
CN116574329B (zh) * | 2023-05-25 | 2023-12-08 | 博特尔包装(江苏)有限公司 | 一种抗拉伸的聚丙烯包装膜的制备工艺 |
CN116355449A (zh) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-06-30 | 广州鸿泰新材料科技有限公司 | 一种耐酸碱喷雾阀封杯涂层 |
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