CN114544697A - Heat dissipation device for vacuum thermal test and enhanced heat dissipation method thereof - Google Patents
Heat dissipation device for vacuum thermal test and enhanced heat dissipation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114544697A CN114544697A CN202210117835.XA CN202210117835A CN114544697A CN 114544697 A CN114544697 A CN 114544697A CN 202210117835 A CN202210117835 A CN 202210117835A CN 114544697 A CN114544697 A CN 114544697A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010622 cold drawing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/20—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating the development of heat, i.e. calorimetry, e.g. by measuring specific heat, by measuring thermal conductivity
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat dissipation device for a vacuum thermal test and a heat dissipation enhancing method thereof. The method for strengthening heat dissipation comprises the steps of determining the size and the top angle of a wave-absorbing material, and manufacturing a bottom cold plate with a corresponding size; manufacturing a metal cold core sleeved in the wave-absorbing material; a metal cold core is arranged on the cold plate at the bottom; coating heat-conducting silicone grease and spraying a heat-dissipation-enhancing coating. According to the invention, by designing the heat dissipation device and the enhanced heat dissipation method thereof, the heating rate and the equilibrium temperature of the wave-absorbing material during microwave absorption are reduced, and the wave-absorbing capacity of the wave-absorbing material in a vacuum low-temperature environment is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to vacuum environment simulation test equipment, in particular to a heat dissipation device for a vacuum thermal test and an enhanced heat dissipation method thereof.
Background
The synthetic aperture radar has been widely used in the field of remote sensing satellites due to its excellent properties such as all weather, high quality imaging, large mapping bandwidth, etc. The vacuum thermal test is a necessary test in a synthetic aperture radar imaging satellite ground test, and the existing research shows that about one fourth of faults found in the ground test of the spacecraft are exposed in the vacuum thermal test, and the vacuum thermal test plays an important role in spacecraft examination. In order to accurately simulate the in-orbit environment in the vacuum thermal test process and fully examine the load function realization and high-reliability operation of the synthetic aperture radar imaging satellite, the synthetic aperture radar needs to simulate the in-orbit working condition to emit microwaves in a space environment simulation container in the vacuum thermal test process. Because the inner wall of the space environment simulation container is a metal heat sink, the space environment simulation container has a reflection effect on microwaves, and in order to prevent the microwaves reflected by the metal inner wall from damaging a T/R assembly of the synthetic aperture radar, wave-absorbing heat sinks made of wave-absorbing materials are adopted at home and abroad at present to directly absorb the high-power microwaves emitted by the synthetic aperture radar in the space environment simulation container.
The wave-absorbing material is a material capable of absorbing or greatly weakening the energy of electromagnetic waves received by the surface of the material, generally takes the shape of a pyramid by absorbing the electromagnetic waves projected to the surface of the material and converting the loss of the electromagnetic waves into internal energy such as heat energy, and is mainly a silicon carbide pointed cone which is currently applied to the manufacture of a wave-absorbing heat sink in a vacuum thermal test. The material has high temperature resistance, large heat capacity and slow temperature rise in the wave absorbing process. However, the silicon carbide material has high cost, large mass, easy breakage, difficult adjustment of the external dimension according to the test requirement and selectivity on the wavelength of absorbing the microwave. The high-molecular wave-absorbing material can be quickly assembled according to test requirements, and has the advantages of low cost, light weight, wide wave-absorbing frequency band, high absorption ratio and the like, but the high-molecular wave-absorbing material is a material with small heat capacity, is poor in high-temperature tolerance, large in temperature rise rate in the wave-absorbing process and high in balance temperature, easily causes material damage, and limits wave-absorbing application in a vacuum thermal test.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a heat dissipation device for a vacuum thermal test and an enhanced heat dissipation method thereof, which can reduce the heating rate and the balance temperature of a wave-absorbing material when absorbing microwaves and ensure the wave-absorbing capacity of the wave-absorbing material in a vacuum low-temperature environment.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a heat dissipation device for a vacuum thermal test comprises a side wall cold plate and a bottom cold plate, wherein a metal cold core is distributed on the bottom cold plate, a wave absorbing material matched with the metal cold core is arranged on the metal cold core, a contact surface of the metal cold core and the bottom cold plate, a contact surface of the side wall cold plate and the bottom cold plate are coated with heat conducting silicone grease, and high-emissivity enhanced heat dissipation coatings are sprayed on the surfaces of the metal cold core and the bottom cold plate, the inner and outer surfaces of the side wall cold plate and the bottom surface of the wave absorbing material.
According to the technical scheme, the contact surface of the metal cold core and the bottom cold plate and the contact surface of the side wall cold plate and the bottom cold plate are coated with the heat-conducting silicone grease, so that the heat conduction capacity between the metal cold core and the bottom cold plate is enhanced; the metal cold core, the surface of the bottom cold plate, the inner surface and the outer surface of the side wall cold plate and the bottom surface of the wave-absorbing material are sprayed with high-emissivity enhanced heat-dissipation coatings, so that the emissivity is increased, and the heat radiation heat exchange capacity is enhanced. The wave-absorbing material adopts a small heat capacity wave-absorbing material, the electromagnetic wave energy is converted into heat energy when absorbing microwaves, and in order to reduce the temperature rise rate, the heat energy needs to be intensively radiated and transmitted to the cold end. Because the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material is in a vacuum low-temperature environment in the test process, the heat energy of the wave-absorbing material is transferred to the bottom cold plate by the enhanced heat transfer mode based on the enhanced heat conduction and the heat radiation, so that the reduction of the temperature rise rate and the balance temperature is realized. When the heat-absorbing material is used, the bottom cold plate is continuously introduced with a low-temperature working medium and serves as a cold end for heat energy transfer of the wave-absorbing material, and the bottom cold plate is provided with a metal cold core and a side wall cold plate which both have good heat-conducting property. The installation contact parts of the metal cold core, the side wall cold plate and the bottom cold plate are coated with heat-conducting silicone grease, so that the heat conduction with the bottom cold plate is enhanced, and the purpose that the metal cold core, the side wall cold plate and the bottom cold plate are simultaneously wave-absorbing material heat energy and are transferred to the cold end is realized. In addition, the cold plates on the side walls can increase the laying heat exchange angle coefficient of the cold ends and the small heat capacity wave-absorbing materials, and further enhance the radiation heat exchange capacity between the cold plates on the side walls and the small heat capacity wave-absorbing materials.
Furthermore, the wave-absorbing material is matched with the size and the shape of the vertex angle of the metal cold core, and the wave-absorbing material is sleeved on the metal cold core. The heat generated in the process of absorbing the electromagnetic waves by the wave-absorbing material is directly transferred to the metal cold core, the size and the top angle of the metal cold core are matched with the wave-absorbing material and can be assembled in the wave-absorbing material, the contact area is increased, the heat conduction efficiency is improved, the cooling rate of the wave-absorbing material is improved, and a better wave-absorbing effect is achieved.
Further, the installation space of the metal cold core is the same as the pyramid space of the wave-absorbing material. The wave-absorbing material and the metal cold core are uniformly arranged on the bottom cold plate, and the heat generated by absorbing the electromagnetic waves by the wave-absorbing material is directly transferred into the metal cold core and then transferred into the bottom cold plate, so that the temperature rise rate of the wave-absorbing material is reduced, the heat dissipation is enhanced, and the heat energy is transferred to the cold end.
Further, the wave-absorbing material is integrally arranged on the metal cold core and the bottom cold plate. The inner wall of the wave-absorbing material is in contact with the surface of the metal cold core, the bottom of the wave-absorbing material is arranged on the bottom cold plate, and meanwhile, heat generated in the process of absorbing electromagnetic waves is conducted to the metal cold core and the bottom cold plate, so that the heat conduction efficiency is improved, the surface temperature of the wave-absorbing material is reduced, and the electromagnetic wave radiation is further absorbed.
Furthermore, the cold plate bracket is also included, and the bottom cold plate is arranged on the cold plate bracket. The cold drawing support supports bottom cold drawing, and when vacuum test, the bottom cold drawing lets in low temperature working medium continuously, makes bottom cold drawing, lateral wall cold plate, metal cold core all maintain low temperature, continuously absorbs the heat energy of little heat capacity absorbing material transmission, can effectively reduce the temperature rise rate and the equilibrium temperature of little heat capacity absorbing material when absorbing the microwave, promotes the absorbing capacity of little heat capacity absorbing material in vacuum thermal test.
In order to solve the above technical problem, another technical solution provided by the present invention is: an enhanced heat dissipation method for vacuum thermal test comprises
Determining the size and the apex angle of the wave-absorbing material according to the requirement of the spacecraft on the wave-absorbing heat sink, and manufacturing a bottom cold plate with a corresponding size according to the area of the wave-absorbing material;
manufacturing a metal cold core which has the same vertex angle as the wave-absorbing material and can be sleeved in the wave-absorbing material;
mounting metal cold cores on the bottom cold plate, wherein the mounting space of the metal cold cores is the same as the pyramid space of the wave-absorbing material;
and heat-conducting silicone grease is uniformly coated on the contact surface between the side wall cold plate and the bottom cold plate and the contact surface between the bottom cold plate and the metal cold core, and heat dissipation enhancing coatings are sprayed on the surfaces of the metal cold core and the bottom cold plate, the bottom surface of the wave-absorbing material and the inner and outer surfaces of the side wall cold plate.
During vacuum test, the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material is arranged on the bottom cold plate, the metal cold core is arranged in the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material, the side wall cold plate is arranged outside the wave-absorbing material, the vertex angle and the mounting distance of the metal cold core are the same as the pyramid of the wave-absorbing material, and the areas of the bottom cold plate and the metal cold core are flexibly adjusted according to the area of the wave-absorbing material. In the test process, the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material absorbs the microwaves and then loses the microwaves to be converted into heat energy, on one hand, the heat energy carries out radiation heat exchange with the metal cold core, the bottom surface and bottom cold plate of the wave-absorbing material and the surface and side wall cold plate of the wave-absorbing material in pairs on one hand, and further the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material is rapidly heated and the balance temperature is reduced when absorbing the microwaves.
Further, during the vacuum test, the bottom cold plate is continuously introduced with the low-temperature working medium, so that the bottom cold plate, the side wall cold plate and the metal cold core are continuously at low temperature, and the heat energy transferred by the wave-absorbing material is continuously absorbed. The cold junction that lets in the bottom cold drawing of low temperature working medium as absorbing material heat energy transfer lasts, and the heat transfer that absorbing material produced to the cold junction realizes the purpose of heat exchange, and continuously lets in the cold junction of low temperature working medium, and its own temperature is low, and it is big to the heat absorption of absorbing material transmission, plays better radiating effect.
The invention also has the following beneficial effects: the invention relates to a small heat capacity wave-absorbing material enhanced heat dissipation method for a vacuum thermal test, which is characterized in that heat energy converted after the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material absorbs microwaves is conducted to a cold end based on two modes of enhanced heat conduction and heat radiation, so that the problems of too high temperature rise rate and too high equilibrium temperature of the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material when absorbing microwaves are solved, and the wave-absorbing capacity of the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material in a vacuum low-temperature environment can be effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the enhanced heat dissipation of the heat dissipation device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a step diagram of the method for enhancing heat dissipation according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, the heat dissipation device for the vacuum thermal test comprises a side wall cold plate 1 and a bottom cold plate 2, wherein a metal cold core 4 is distributed on the bottom cold plate 2, the metal cold core 4 is provided with a wave absorbing material 3 matched with the metal cold core, the contact surface of the metal cold core 4 and the bottom cold plate 2 and the contact surface of the side wall cold plate 1 and the bottom cold plate 2 are coated with heat conducting silicone grease, and the surfaces of the metal cold core 4 and the bottom cold plate 2, the inner surface and the outer surface of the side wall cold plate 1 and the bottom surface of the wave absorbing material 3 are coated with a high-emissivity enhanced heat dissipation coating.
The wave-absorbing material 3 is matched with the size and the shape of the apex angle of the metal cold core 4, and the wave-absorbing material 3 is sleeved on the metal cold core 4. The installation spacing of the metal cold cores 4 is the same as the pyramid spacing of the wave-absorbing material 3. The wave-absorbing material 3 is integrally arranged on the metal cold core 4 and the bottom cold plate 2. The cold plate bracket 5 is further included, and the cold plate 2 at the bottom is arranged on the cold plate bracket 5.
Before a vacuum test, the size and the vertex angle of the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material 3 are determined according to the requirement of a spacecraft on a wave-absorbing heat sink, a bottom cold plate 2 and a side wall cold plate 1 with corresponding sizes are manufactured according to the area of the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material 3, and a metal cold core 4 which is the same as the vertex angle of the wave-absorbing material 3 and has a slightly smaller size is manufactured. Then, a metal cold core 4 is arranged on the bottom cold plate 2, and the installation distance is the same as the pyramid distance of the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material 3. The contact surface between the bottom cold plate 2 and the metal cold core 4 is uniformly coated with heat-conducting silicone grease, so that the heat conduction capability between the bottom cold plate and the metal cold core is enhanced.
Referring to fig. 2, an enhanced heat dissipation method for a vacuum thermal test includes the following steps:
s01: determining the size and the vertex angle of a wave-absorbing material 3 according to the requirement of the spacecraft on the wave-absorbing heat sink, and manufacturing a bottom cold plate 2 with a corresponding size according to the area of the wave-absorbing material 3;
s02: manufacturing a metal cold core 4 which has the same vertex angle as the wave-absorbing material 3 and can be sleeved in the wave-absorbing material 3;
s03: a metal cold core 4 is arranged on the bottom cold plate 2, and the installation space of the metal cold core 4 is the same as the pyramid space of the wave-absorbing material 3;
s04: the contact surface between the side wall cold plate 1 and the bottom cold plate 2 and the contact surface between the bottom cold plate 2 and the metal cold core 4 are uniformly coated with heat-conducting silicone grease, and the surfaces of the metal cold core 4 and the bottom cold plate 2, the bottom surface of the wave-absorbing material 3 and the inner and outer surfaces of the side wall cold plate 1 are sprayed with heat dissipation enhancing coatings.
During vacuum test, the bottom cold plate is continuously introduced with a low-temperature working medium, so that the bottom cold plate 2, the side wall cold plate 1 and the metal cold core 4 are continuously at low temperature, and heat energy transferred by the wave-absorbing material 3 is continuously absorbed. The wave-absorbing material 3 is integrally arranged on the metal cold core 4 and the bottom cold plate 2, then the bottom cold plate 2 is arranged on the cold plate bracket 5, and then the cold plate bracket 5 is pushed into the vacuum environment simulator.
The enhanced heat dissipation method transfers heat energy lost and converted after the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material absorbs microwaves to the metal cold core 4, the side wall cold plate 1 and the bottom cold plate 2 based on two heat transfer modes of enhanced heat conduction and heat radiation. The contact surface of the metal cold core 4 and the bottom cold plate 2 and the contact surface of the side wall cold plate 1 and the bottom cold plate 2 are coated with heat-conducting adhesive paper to enhance heat conduction. The surfaces of the metal cold core 4 and the bottom cold plate 2, the inner surface and the outer surface of the side wall cold plate 1 and the bottom surface of the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material 3 are all coated with high-emissivity heat-dissipation-enhancing coatings, so that the space radiation heat-exchange capacity is enhanced.
When the vacuum test is carried out, the bottom cold plate 2 is continuously introduced with a low-temperature working medium, so that the bottom cold plate 2, the side wall cold plate 1 and the metal cold core 4 are kept at a low temperature, heat energy transferred by the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material 3 is continuously absorbed, the temperature rise rate and the balance temperature of the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material 3 during microwave absorption can be effectively reduced, and the wave-absorbing capacity of the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material in the vacuum thermal test is improved.
After the metal cold core 4 is installed, heat dissipation enhancing coatings are sprayed on the surfaces of the metal cold core 4 and the bottom cold plate 2, the bottom surface of the small heat capacity wave absorbing material 3 and the inner and outer surfaces of the side wall cold plate 1, so that the emissivity is increased, and the heat radiation heat exchange capacity is enhanced. After the enhanced heat dissipation coating is dried, the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material 3 is integrally installed on the metal cold core 4 and the bottom cold plate 2, and then the bottom cold plate 2 is installed on the cold plate bracket 5. The side wall cold plate 1 is arranged on the bottom cold plate 2, the contact surface of the bottom cold plate and the side wall cold plate 1 is uniformly coated with heat conduction silicone grease, the cold plate support 5 is pushed into the vacuum environment simulator after the end, and the vacuum thermal test is started after the bottom cold plate 2 is connected with the low-temperature working medium pipeline. And after the test is finished, the device is withdrawn.
In the test process, the heat energy of the wave-absorbing material is transferred to the low-temperature cold end by the enhanced heat transfer mode based on the enhanced heat conduction and the heat radiation, so that the temperature rise rate and the balance temperature of the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material are reduced, and the wave-absorbing capacity of the small heat capacity wave-absorbing material in the vacuum heat test is improved. In addition, the method has positive significance for popularizing the application of the small-heat-capacity polymer wave-absorbing material which has low cost, low weight, wide frequency band, high absorption ratio and can be quickly assembled in the microwave wave-absorbing field in the vacuum heat test process.
It is understood that a heat sink means that its temperature does not change as a function of the amount of thermal energy transferred to it.
When the electromagnetic wave absorbing material is implemented, the wave absorbing material 3 receives electromagnetic wave radiation, and the generated heat is received and conducted to the cold end through the metal cold core 4 and is conducted to the cold end through the bottom surface of the wave absorbing material 3 and the bottom cold plate 2, so that the purpose of conducting the heat to the cold end is achieved; on the other hand, heat radiation is formed between the wave-absorbing material 3 and the side wall cold plate 1, and high-emissivity enhanced heat-dissipation coatings are sprayed on the surfaces of the metal cold core 4 and the bottom cold plate 2, the inner surface and the outer surface of the side wall cold plate 1 and the bottom surface of the wave-absorbing material 3, so that the wave-absorbing material has stronger space radiation heat-exchange capacity, the side wall cold plate 1 increases the radiation heat-exchange angular coefficient between the cold end and the wave-absorbing material 3, and the radiation heat-exchange capacity between the side wall cold plate 1 and the wave-absorbing material 3 is further enhanced.
In summary, the actual samples of the present invention are prepared according to the description and the drawings, and after a plurality of usage tests, the effect of the usage tests proves that the present invention can achieve the expected purpose, and the practical value is undoubted. The above-mentioned embodiments are only for convenience of illustration and not intended to limit the invention in any way, and those skilled in the art will be able to make equivalents of the features of the invention without departing from the technical scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a heat abstractor for vacuum thermal test which characterized in that: the wave-absorbing material comprises a side wall cold plate (1) and a bottom cold plate (2), wherein a metal cold core (4) is distributed on the bottom cold plate (2), the metal cold core (4) is provided with wave-absorbing materials (3) matched with the metal cold core, the contact surface of the metal cold core (4) and the bottom cold plate (2) is coated with heat-conducting silicone grease, and the inner surface and the outer surface of the side wall cold plate (1) and the bottom cold plate (2) are coated with high-emissivity heat-dissipation-enhanced coatings.
2. The heat sink for vacuum thermal testing according to claim 1, wherein: the wave-absorbing material (3) is matched with the size and the vertex angle shape of the metal cold core (4), and the wave-absorbing material (3) is sleeved on the metal cold core (4).
3. The heat sink for vacuum thermal testing according to claim 2, wherein: the installation space of the metal cold cores (4) is the same as the pyramid space of the wave-absorbing material (3).
4. The heat sink for vacuum thermal testing according to claim 2, wherein: the wave-absorbing material (3) is integrally installed on the metal cold core (4) and the bottom cold plate (2).
5. The heat dissipating device for vacuum thermal testing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the cold plate support is characterized by further comprising a cold plate support (5), and the bottom cold plate (2) is arranged on the cold plate support (5).
6. An enhanced heat dissipation method for a vacuum thermal test is characterized in that: comprises that
Determining the size and the vertex angle of a wave-absorbing material (3) according to the requirement of the spacecraft on the wave-absorbing heat sink, and manufacturing a bottom cold plate (2) with a corresponding size according to the area of the wave-absorbing material (3);
manufacturing a metal cold core (4) which has the same vertex angle as the wave-absorbing material (3) and can be sleeved in the wave-absorbing material (3);
a metal cold core (4) is arranged on the bottom cold plate (2), and the installation space of the metal cold core (4) is the same as the pyramid space of the wave-absorbing material (3);
the contact surface between the side wall cold plate (1) and the bottom cold plate (2) and the contact surface between the bottom cold plate (2) and the metal cold core (4) are uniformly coated with heat-conducting silicone grease, and heat-dissipation-enhancing coatings are sprayed on the surfaces of the metal cold core (4) and the bottom cold plate (2), the bottom surface of the wave-absorbing material (3) and the inner and outer surfaces of the side wall cold plate (1).
7. The method for enhancing heat dissipation for vacuum thermal testing according to claim 6, wherein: during vacuum test, the bottom cold plate is continuously introduced with a low-temperature working medium, so that the bottom cold plate (2), the side wall cold plate (1) and the metal cold core (4) are continuously at low temperature, and heat energy transferred by the wave-absorbing material (3) is continuously absorbed.
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