CN114543730A - Sink mark depth measuring method based on reverse engineering - Google Patents
Sink mark depth measuring method based on reverse engineering Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/18—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring depth
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sink mark depth measuring method based on reverse engineering; acquiring three-dimensional scanning data of a sink mark piece and point cloud data of a sink mark piece model; preprocessing and reversely forming the point cloud data to obtain a sink mark piece model; aligning the sink mark piece model to ensure that the appearance surface of the sink mark piece model is superposed with the appearance surface of the original design model; dividing a sink mark measuring surface on the sink mark piece model, dividing a reference surface on the original design model, and converting the two surfaces into a plurality of sink mark measuring points and reference points; and obtaining the distance between each measuring point and the appearance surface of the original design model in the reference direction, namely the sink mark depth, wherein the maximum value is the maximum sink mark depth. The method traces the appearance of the sink mark through reverse engineering, measures the shrinkage of the actual part on the appearance surface relative to the original design model, namely the sink mark, overcomes the defect that the prior art can only measure the plane sink mark, obtains the accurate value of the sink mark depth, realizes the characterization and quantification of the sink mark defect, and provides guidance for the later optimization and improvement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plastic product manufacturing, in particular to a sink mark depth measuring method based on reverse engineering.
Background
Sink marks are one of the most common and troublesome problems in injection molding, directly affect the surface appearance quality of plastic parts and hinder secondary processing of the plastic parts such as spraying, silk printing and the like.
Sink marks on the surface of the plastic part are caused by overlarge local wall thickness of the plastic part (such as existence of reinforcing ribs, screw columns and the like in a product) and overlarge shrinkage, so that the surface of the plastic part is sunken visible to naked eyes.
An important index for evaluating the severity of sink marks is the depth of the sink marks, the most common method for measuring the depth of the sink marks at present is a micrometer measurement method taking planes on two sides as a reference, after a product is fixed on a platform, an initial value of a starting point is measured by using a pointed measuring head of an electronic micrometer, the measurement is carried out once every time the product is moved for a certain distance, finally, data of a plurality of points can be obtained, the appearance of the sink marks of the product is described by using the data of the plurality of points, and the distance from the lowest point to the plane is measured to be the depth of the sink marks.
The micrometer measurement method has the following defects:
1. the sink mark of the plane piece can only be measured, and the sink mark on the curved surface cannot be measured;
2. the measurement precision depends on the distance between the measurement points, the larger the distance is, the larger the error is, but the smaller the distance is, the too many measurement points can cause too long measurement time;
3. the position accuracy in the moving process cannot be guaranteed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provide a sink mark depth measuring method based on reverse engineering.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a sink mark depth measuring method based on reverse engineering comprises the following steps:
s1: acquiring data of the produced sink mark defect part through a three-dimensional scanner to obtain point cloud data corresponding to the part;
s2: importing the measured point cloud data into a Geomagic studio, and carrying out data preprocessing on the point cloud;
s3: storing the preprocessed point cloud as an STL format file, and then reversely designing a CAD model by utilizing Geomagic Design X software;
s4: opening an original Design model and a sink mark part model manufactured by using Geomagic Design X through UG software, aligning the original Design model and the sink mark part model to enable appearance surfaces to be overlapped, dividing a measuring surface on the sink mark part model, and dividing a reference surface on the original Design model;
s5: the normal direction of a certain point on the model is defined as a reference direction, the model is rotated to enable the reference direction to be coincident with the Z-axis direction, the measuring surface is converted into a plurality of measuring points, and the reference surface is converted into a plurality of reference points;
s6: and importing the coordinate data of the measuring points and the reference points into a program, and acquiring the distance from each measuring point to the reference surface of the original design model in the reference direction, namely the depth of the sink mark, wherein the maximum value is the maximum depth of the sink mark.
The step S2 includes the following substeps:
s2-1: selecting the outline of a plastic part by using a lasso selection tool in Geomagic studio software, selecting a large number of useless points outside the part by using a reverse selection area function, and deleting the points;
s2-2: setting a segmentation mode and a size by using a non-connection item command, and deleting a non-connection item in the point cloud;
s2-3: setting sensitivity by using an external isolated point command, and deleting isolated points outside the model;
s2-4: removing noise points using a noise reduction command;
s2-5: converting the point cloud data into a surface patch form by using an encapsulation command;
s2-6: and repairing irregular triangular patches generated by packaging, then filling gaps and holes of the triangular patches, then processing the triangular patches to complete the triangular patches, and finally storing the triangular patches as stl format files.
Step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
s3-1: opening the Geomagic Design X software, and importing the stl file stored in the step S2-6;
s3-2: completing a model alignment operation by using a manual alignment command;
s3-3: finishing the curved surface modeling of the part by using a command;
s3-4: obtaining a complete curved surface model by using a curved surface editing tool;
s3-5: displaying the surface body and the entity in the Geomagic Design X software, observing the error of comparison with the original model by using a body deviation command, and returning to the step S3-3 to modify the model until the model meets the Design requirement if the large-area serious deviation occurs;
s3-6: and finally, converting the entity model through Geomagic Design X software and exporting the entity model into a STEP format file.
Step S4 includes the following sub-steps:
s4-1: using a moving command and a rotating command to align the two parts according to the reference to align the appearance surfaces;
s4-2: using an editing object display command to reduce the transparency of the original design model, finding a surface, namely a sink mark surface, of the sink mark piece model as a surface to be measured, and finding a corresponding surface without sink marks on the original design model as a reference surface;
s4-2: creating a plurality of planes perpendicular to the measuring surface of the sink mark near the measuring surface of the sink mark, separating the plane from the rest planes on the model of the sink mark by using a dividing plane command, and simultaneously dividing a reference plane on the original design model;
step S5 includes the following sub-steps:
s5-1: the normal direction of a certain point (which is the central point of the appearance surface) on the original design model is defined as a reference direction;
s5-2: rotating the sink mark piece model and the original design model to enable the reference direction to be coincident with the positive direction of the Z axis;
s5-3: converting the measuring surface into a plurality of measuring points by using a UG software point set command, and converting the reference surface into a plurality of reference points;
s5-4: extracting coordinates of all measuring points and reference points by using a UG software secondary development function, and defining coordinates of n measuring points as (x)1，y1，z1)、(x2，y2，z2)···(xn，yn，zn) The coordinates of the n reference points are respectively (alpha)1，β1，γ1)、(α2，β2，γ2)···(αn，βn，γn) The coordinate data for all points is imported into the program.
Step S6 includes the following sub-steps:
s6-1: definitions i ═ 1, j ═ 1, ΔijThe deviation amount of the ith measuring point and the jth reference point in the reference direction is deltaiA sink mark depth value of the ith measuring point (a Z-axis coordinate difference value of the ith measuring point and the corresponding reference point);
s6-2: find out the ith measuring point (x)i，yi，zi) And calculating the deviation amount of the ith measuring point relative to each reference point respectively by corresponding reference points:
comparing and finding out the minimum deviation amount, and recording the z-axis coordinate value gamma of the corresponding reference pointj；
S6-3: recording the depth value delta of the sink mark at the ith measurement pointi＝zi-γj；
S6-4: let i equal i +1, return to step S6-2, find the (i + 1) th measurement point (x)i+1，yi+1，zi+1) Calculating the depth of the sink mark by using the corresponding reference point, and repeating the steps until all the measuring points are traversed;
s6-5: and comparing all the sink mark depth values, wherein the maximum value is the maximum sink mark depth.
Step S2-6 specifically refers to: repairing irregular triangular patches generated by packaging by using a 'network doctor' tool, filling gaps and holes of the triangular patches by using a hole filling tool, processing the triangular patches by using tools such as nail removing, rapid fairing, characteristic removing and sand paper and the like to complete the triangular patches, and finally storing the triangular patches as stl format files.
Step S3-3 specifically refers to: finishing the surface modeling of the part by utilizing spline curves, surface sheet fitting, surface shearing, lofting and sewing commands;
step S3-4 specifically refers to: and (5) obtaining a complete curved surface model by utilizing extending, cutting and chamfering curved surface editing tools.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
1. the method traces the appearance of the sink mark through reverse engineering, measures the shrinkage of the actual part on the appearance surface relative to the original design model, namely the sink mark, overcomes the defect that the prior art can only measure the plane sink mark, obtains the accurate value of the sink mark depth, realizes the characterization and quantification of the sink mark defect, and provides guidance for the later optimization and improvement.
2. According to the invention, the appearance and point cloud data of the sink mark of the plastic part are obtained through reverse engineering, and the program is used for calculating and finding out the maximum sink mark depth value, so that the process of repeatedly taking points, measuring and comparing in the traditional measurement is omitted, and the waste of manpower and time is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an original design model; in the figure: 1 is the screw post, 2 is the strengthening rib, and 3 is the cross rib.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a surface sink mark; in the figure: a is a reference plane and B is a measurement plane.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of sink mark measurement points and reference points; in the figure: a1 is a reference point, and B1 is a measurement point.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of sink mark depth.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a sink mark depth measurement process.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in fig. 1, the sink mark depth measurement method based on reverse engineering of the present invention can be implemented by the following steps:
s1, taking a plastic piece (as shown in figure 2) as an example, acquiring data of the plastic piece produced by injection molding by using a three-dimensional scanner to obtain corresponding point cloud data of the plastic piece;
and S2, importing the point cloud data into Geomagicsudio software for data preprocessing.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
s2-1, selecting the outer contour of the plastic part by using a lasso selection tool in software, selecting a large number of useless points outside the part by using a reverse selection area function, and then deleting the points;
s2-2, setting a segmentation mode and size by using a non-connection item command, and deleting the non-connection item in the point cloud;
s2-3, setting sensitivity by using an in-vitro isolated point command, and deleting isolated points outside the model;
s2-4, removing noise points by using a noise reduction command;
s2-5, converting the point cloud data into a patch form by using an encapsulation command;
s2-6, repairing the irregular triangular patch generated by packaging by using a 'netdoctor' tool, filling gaps and holes of the triangular patch by using a hole filling tool, processing the triangular patch by using tools such as nail removal, rapid smoothing, feature removal, sand paper removal and the like to complete the triangular patch, and finally storing the triangular patch as an stl format file.
S3, storing the processed point cloud into an STL format file, and then reversely designing a CAD model by utilizing Geomagic Design X software;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
s3-1, opening the Geomagic Design X, and importing the stl file stored in S2-6;
s3-2, completing model alignment operation by using a manual alignment command;
s3-3, finishing the surface modeling of the part by utilizing commands such as spline curves, surface patch fitting, surface shearing, lofting, sewing and the like;
s3-4, obtaining a complete curved surface model by using curved surface editing tools such as extension, cutting, chamfering and the like;
s3-5, displaying the face body and the entity in software, observing the error of comparison with the original model by using a body deviation command, returning to the step S3-3 to modify the model until the model meets the design requirement if the large-area serious deviation occurs;
s3-6, finally converting the entity model by software and exporting the entity model to a STEP format file;
s4, the original design model is shown in figure 2, and the sink mark schematic diagram is shown in figure 3. Opening the sink mark piece model and the original design model in UG, aligning the two models to make the appearance surfaces aligned, dividing the sink mark piece model into a surface with sink marks, and dividing the original design model into a reference surface;
step S4 is specifically as follows:
s4-1, aligning the two parts according to the reference by using the moving and rotating commands to align the appearance surfaces;
s4-2, using an editing object display command to reduce the transparency of the original design model, finding a surface, namely a sink mark surface, of the sink mark piece model as a surface to be measured, and finding a corresponding surface, which does not have sink marks, on the original design model as a reference surface;
s4-3, creating a plurality of planes perpendicular to the measuring surface of the sink mark near the measuring surface of the sink mark, separating the plane from the rest planes on the sink mark piece model by using a dividing plane command, and simultaneously dividing a reference plane on the original design model;
s5, a point normal on the model is defined as a reference direction, the model is rotated so that the reference direction coincides with the Z-axis direction, the measurement plane is converted into a plurality of measurement points, and the reference plane is converted into a plurality of reference points, as shown in fig. 4.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
s5-1, defining the normal direction of a certain point (such as the center point of the appearance surface) on the original design model as a reference direction;
s5-2, rotating the sink mark piece model and the original design model to enable the reference direction to coincide with the positive direction of the Z axis;
s5-3, converting the measuring surface into a plurality of measuring points and converting the reference surface into a plurality of reference points by using a UG software point set command;
s5-4: extracting coordinates of all measuring points and reference points by using a UG software secondary development function, and defining coordinates of n measuring points as (x)1，y1，z1)、(x2，y2，z2)···(xn，yn，zn) The coordinates of the n reference points are respectively (alpha)1，β1，γ1)、(α2，β2，γ2)···(αn，βn，γn) The coordinate data for all points is imported into the program.
S6, obtaining the distance between each measuring point and the appearance surface of the original design model in the reference direction as the depth of the sink mark (as shown in figure 5), wherein the distance is represented by delta in mm, and the maximum depth of the sink mark is deltamaxThe sink mark depth calculation process is shown in fig. 6;
the method comprises the following specific steps:
s6-1: definitions i ═ 1, j ═ 1, ΔijThe deviation amount of the ith measuring point and the jth reference point in the reference direction is deltaiA sink mark depth value of the ith measuring point (a Z-axis coordinate difference value of the ith measuring point and the corresponding reference point);
s6-2: find out the ith measuring point (x)i，yi，zi) And calculating the deviation amount of the ith measuring point relative to each reference point respectively by corresponding reference points:
comparing and finding out the minimum deviation amount, and recording the z-axis coordinate value gamma of the corresponding reference pointj；
S6-3: recording the depth value delta of the sink mark at the ith measurement pointi＝zi-γj；
S6-4: let i equal i +1, return to step S6-2, find the (i + 1) th measurement point (x)i+1，yi+1，zi+1) Calculating the depth of the sink mark by using the corresponding reference point, and repeating the steps until all the measuring points are traversed;
s6-5: and comparing all the sink mark depth values, wherein the maximum value is the maximum sink mark depth.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and they are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A sink mark depth measuring method based on reverse engineering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: acquiring data of the produced sink mark defect part through a three-dimensional scanner to obtain point cloud data corresponding to the part;
s2: importing the measured point cloud data into a Geomagic studio, and carrying out data preprocessing on the point cloud;
s3: storing the preprocessed point cloud as an STL format file, and then reversely designing a CAD model by utilizing Geomagic Design X software;
s4: opening an original Design model and a sink mark part model manufactured by using Geomagic Design X through UG software, aligning the original Design model and the sink mark part model to enable appearance surfaces to be overlapped, dividing a measuring surface on the sink mark part model, and dividing a reference surface on the original Design model;
s5: the normal direction of a certain point on the model is set as a reference direction, the model is rotated to enable the reference direction to be coincident with the Z-axis direction, the measuring surface is converted into a plurality of measuring points, and the reference surface is converted into a plurality of reference points;
s6: and importing the coordinate data of the measuring points and the reference points into a program, and acquiring the distance from each measuring point to the reference surface of the original design model in the reference direction, namely the depth of the sink mark, wherein the maximum value is the maximum depth of the sink mark.
2. The reverse engineering based sink mark depth measurement method according to claim 1, wherein:
the step S2 includes the following substeps:
s2-1: selecting the outline of a plastic part by using a lasso selection tool in Geomagic studio software, selecting a large number of useless points outside the part by using a reverse selection area function, and deleting the points;
s2-2: setting a segmentation mode and a size by using a non-connection item command, and deleting a non-connection item in the point cloud;
s2-3: setting sensitivity by using an in-vitro isolated point command, and deleting isolated points outside the model;
s2-4: removing noise points using a noise reduction command;
s2-5: converting the point cloud data into a surface patch form by using an encapsulation command;
s2-6: and repairing irregular triangular patches generated by packaging, then filling gaps and holes of the triangular patches, then processing the triangular patches to complete the triangular patches, and finally storing the triangular patches as stl format files.
3. The reverse engineering based sink mark depth measurement method according to claim 2, wherein:
step S3 includes the following sub-steps:
s3-1: opening the Geomagic Design X software, and importing the stl file stored in the step S2-6;
s3-2: completing a model alignment operation by using a manual alignment command;
s3-3: finishing the curved surface modeling of the part by using a command;
s3-4: obtaining a complete curved surface model by using a curved surface editing tool;
s3-5: displaying the surface body and the entity in the Geomagic Design X software, observing the error of comparison with the original model by using a body deviation command, and returning to the step S3-3 to modify the model until the model meets the Design requirement if the large-area serious deviation occurs;
s3-6: and finally, converting the entity model through Geomagic Design X software and exporting the entity model into a STEP format file.
4. The reverse engineering based sink mark depth measurement method according to claim 3, wherein:
step S4 includes the following sub-steps:
s4-1: using a moving command and a rotating command to align the two parts according to the reference to align the appearance surfaces;
s4-2: using an editing object display command to reduce the transparency of the original design model, finding a surface, namely a sink mark surface, of the sink mark piece model as a surface to be measured, and finding a corresponding surface without sink marks on the original design model as a reference surface;
s4-2: and creating a plurality of planes perpendicular to the sink mark measuring surface near the sink mark measuring surface, separating the plane from the rest planes on the sink mark piece model by using a dividing plane command, and simultaneously dividing the reference plane on the original design model.
5. The reverse engineering-based sink mark depth measurement method as claimed in claim 4, wherein:
step S5 includes the following sub-steps:
s5-1: the normal direction of a certain point on the original design model is defined as a reference direction;
s5-2: rotating the sink mark piece model and the original design model to enable the reference direction to be coincident with the positive direction of the Z axis;
s5-3: converting the measuring surface into a plurality of measuring points by using a UG software point set command, and converting the reference surface into a plurality of reference points;
s5-4: extracting coordinates of all measuring points and reference points by using a UG software secondary development function, and defining coordinates of n measuring points as (x)1，y1，z1)、(x2，y2，z2)···(xn，yn，zn) The coordinates of the n reference points are respectively (alpha)1，β1，γ1)、(α2，β2，γ2)···(αn，βn，γn) The coordinate data for all points is imported into the program.
6. The reverse engineering based sink mark depth measurement method according to claim 5, wherein:
step S6 includes the following sub-steps:
s6-1: definitions i ═ 1, j ═ 1, ΔijThe deviation amount of the ith measuring point and the jth reference point in the reference direction is deltaiThe depth value of the sink mark of the ith measuring point is the Z-axis coordinate difference value of the ith measuring point and the corresponding reference point;
s6-2: find out the ithMeasuring point (x)i，yi，zi) Corresponding reference points, respectively calculating the deviation of the ith measuring point relative to each reference point
···
Comparing and finding out the minimum deviation amount, and recording the z-axis coordinate value gamma of the corresponding reference pointj；
S6-3: recording the depth value delta of the sink mark at the ith measurement pointi＝zi-γj；
S6-4: let i equal i +1, return to step S6-2, find the (i + 1) th measurement point (x)i+1，yi+1，zi+1) Calculating the depth of the sink mark by using the corresponding reference point, and repeating the steps until all the measuring points are traversed;
s6-5: and comparing all the sink mark depth values, wherein the maximum value is the maximum sink mark depth.
7. The reverse engineering based sink mark depth measurement method according to claim 6, wherein:
step S2-6 specifically refers to:
repairing irregular triangular patches generated by packaging by using a 'network doctor' tool, filling gaps and holes of the triangular patches by using a hole filling tool, processing the triangular patches by using tools such as nail removing, rapid fairing, characteristic removing and sand paper and the like to complete the triangular patches, and finally storing the triangular patches as stl format files.
8. The reverse engineering based sink mark depth measurement method according to claim 7, wherein:
step S3-3 specifically refers to: finishing the surface modeling of the part by utilizing spline curves, surface sheet fitting, surface shearing, lofting and sewing commands;
step S3-4 specifically refers to: and (4) obtaining a complete curved surface model by utilizing an extending, cutting and chamfering curved surface editing tool.
9. The reverse engineering based sink mark depth measurement method according to claim 8, wherein:
in step S5-1, the certain point is the center point of the appearance surface.
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