CN114543724A - Condenser scaling thickness testing method - Google Patents
Condenser scaling thickness testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114543724A CN114543724A CN202210025776.3A CN202210025776A CN114543724A CN 114543724 A CN114543724 A CN 114543724A CN 202210025776 A CN202210025776 A CN 202210025776A CN 114543724 A CN114543724 A CN 114543724A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
- G01B21/08—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness for measuring thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
- G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
- G01F1/66—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow by measuring frequency, phase shift or propagation time of electromagnetic or other waves, e.g. using ultrasonic flowmeters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K13/00—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01K13/02—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow
- G01K13/026—Thermometers specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring temperature of moving fluids or granular materials capable of flow of moving liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L13/00—Devices or apparatus for measuring differences of two or more fluid pressure values
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for testing the scaling thickness of a condenser, which comprises the following steps: s1, calculating the flow velocity in the cooling pipe of the condenser; s2, calculating the flow velocity of a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the condenser; s3, calculating the water resistance of the condenser; s4, converting the water resistance of the condenser into a pressure difference; and S5, calculating the scale thickness of the condenser. The method can obtain the change of the hydraulic characteristic of the condenser in real time by monitoring the temperature of inlet water and outlet water, the pressure difference of inlet water and outlet water and the flow of cooling water of the condenser, and has the advantages of continuity, time saving, labor saving, cost saving and the like compared with the traditional measuring method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of condenser scaling thickness detection, in particular to a condenser scaling thickness testing method.
Background
The condenser is an important component of a thermal power plant and is a device for cooling exhaust steam behind a steam turbine power plant. The better the heat transfer performance of the condenser is, the lower the back pressure of the steam turbine is, the higher the generating efficiency of the unit is, and the heat transfer performance of the condenser directly influences the output of the unit and the benefit of the power plant.
Along with the increase of the operation age of a power plant, the scaling thickness in a condenser pipe of the condenser is increased, the heat transfer performance of the condenser is attenuated, the cooling pipe is positioned in the condenser, the thickness of the inner wall structure of the condenser cooling pipe cannot be directly measured, the condenser is detached for measurement only when the condenser is shut down for maintenance, the method is time-consuming, consumes a large amount of manpower and material resources, and the scaling thickness of the condenser cannot be continuously obtained along with the change of time.
In order to obtain the change of the scaling thickness of the inner wall of the condenser cooling pipe in real time, the invention is necessary to provide a real-time monitoring method of the scaling thickness of the inner wall of the condenser cooling pipe, and provide data support for the operation and maintenance of the condenser in a power plant.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for testing the scaling thickness of a condenser, which is used for reversely deducing the scaling thickness of the condenser by monitoring the water inlet and outlet pressure difference, the water inlet temperature, the water quantity and the like of the condenser so as to obtain the real-time variation of the scaling thickness of the inner wall of a cooling pipe of the condenser in real time.
The invention provides a method for testing the scaling thickness of a condenser, which comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the flow speed in the cooling pipe of the condenser, specifically: vw＝Qw/SnWherein V iswFor the flow velocity (m/s), Q, in the cooling tubewFor cooling water flow (m)3/s)；Sn＝N1*((Dn-2*HD-2*HG)/1000/2)2*3.14159/Mb/LcWherein S isnIs the flow area (m) of the cooling pipe2)，N1Number of cooling tubes, DnThe outer diameter (mm) of the cooling pipe, the wall thickness (mm) of the cooling pipe in HD, the inner wall scaling thickness (mm) of the cooling pipe in HG, and MbIs the back pressure number, L, of the cooling tubecThe number of cooling pipe flow paths;
s2, calculating the flow velocity of a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the condenser, and specifically comprising the following steps: vc＝Qw/ScWherein V iscThe flow velocity (m/s) of the water inlet and outlet pipe, QwFor cooling water flow (m)3/s)；Sc＝Nc*(Dc/1000/2)23.14159 wherein ScThe flow area (m) of the water inlet and outlet pipe2)，NcThe number of water inlet and outlet pipes DcThe inner diameter (mm) of the water inlet and outlet pipe;
s3, calculating the water resistance of the condenser, and dividing the water resistance of the condenser into three parts to calculate: one is the on-way loss of cooling water in the cooling tube, which depends on the flow rate of cooling water in the cooling tube, the length of cooling water flowing through the cooling tube, and the outer diameter of the cooling tube; the local water loss (pipe end loss for short, mainly depends on the flow velocity in the cooling pipe) of the cooling water flowing into the cooling pipe from the water chamber space and the cooling water flowing into the water chamber space from the cooling pipe; the water loss (called water chamber inlet loss and water chamber outlet loss respectively) generated when the cooling water flows into the water chamber space from the water inlet pipe and flows into the water outlet pipe from the water chamber space is as follows: h isN＝LT*RT*R1+∑RE,RT＝(2.925*vw 1.75)/(Dn-2*HD-2*HG)1.25Wherein h isNIs the water resistance (m), L of a condenserTIs full flowLength (m) of pass cooling tube, RTWater resistance per unit length of cooling tube, R1For the water temperature correction factor, ∑ REIs the water resistance of the water chamber and the pipe end of the condenser, vwAdopting the average flow velocity in the cooling pipe when calculating the water resistance at the pipe end, adopting the flow velocity of the water inlet pipe when calculating the water resistance at the inlet of the water chamber, and adopting the flow velocity (m/s) of the water outlet pipe when calculating the water resistance at the outlet of the water chamber;
s4, converting the water resistance of the condenser into pressure difference, specifically: Δ p ═ ρw*g*hNWherein Δ p is condenser pressure drop (Pa), ρwIs the density of water (kg/m)3)，hNThe same as the above;
s5, calculating the thickness of the scale of the condenser, specifically: and (3) assuming different scaling thicknesses, calculating the pressure drop of the condenser under different scaling thicknesses according to the steps 1-4, and comparing the pressure drop with the measurement result of the pressure difference of inlet and outlet water of the condenser to obtain the scaling thickness of the inner wall of the cooling pipe of the current condenser.
Preferably, in S1, the inlet water temperature is measured by a first thermometer arranged on the inlet water conduit of the condenser, the first thermometer having a rating of at least 0.05 ℃.
Preferably, in S1, the outlet water temperature is measured by a second thermometer arranged on the outlet conduit of the condenser, the second thermometer having a rating of at least 0.05 ℃.
Preferably, in S1, the pressure difference between the inlet water and the outlet water is measured by differential pressure transmitters respectively arranged on the water inlet and the water outlet of the condenser; the digital precision of the absolute pressure transmitter is +/-0.05%, and the analog precision of the absolute pressure transmitter is +/-0.1%.
Preferably, the cooling water flow is measured by an ultrasonic flowmeter arranged on a water inlet pipe of the condenser.
Preferably, the accuracy of the ultrasonic flow meter is ± 1%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the method can obtain the change of the hydraulic characteristic of the condenser in real time by monitoring the temperature of inlet water and outlet water, the pressure difference of inlet water and outlet water and the flow of cooling water of the condenser, and has the advantages of continuity, time saving, labor saving, cost saving and the like compared with the traditional measuring method. The power plant operating personnel can determine when the condenser needs to be cleaned and maintained according to the change of the scaling thickness in the cooling pipe of the condenser, and a basis is provided for the operation and maintenance of the condenser of the power plant.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the correction coefficient of the water temperature of the condenser according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows a water chamber and a pipe end water resistor of the single-pass condenser in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 shows a water chamber and a pipe end water resistance of the double-flow condenser in the embodiment of the invention.
Wherein, 1, a condenser; 2. a boiler; 3. a steam turbine; 4. a generator; 5. a cooling tower; 6. a water circulating pump; 7. a cooling water flow measurement point; 8. measuring a water inlet temperature; 9. measuring a water outlet temperature point; 10. measuring a water inlet pressure point; 11. and (6) measuring the water outlet pressure.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further explained by combining the specific drawings.
Examples
A condenser scaling thickness testing method includes that referring to fig. 1, a condenser 1 is sequentially connected with a boiler 2 and a steam turbine 3 in a circulating mode, the steam turbine 3 is further connected with a generator 4, an outlet of a cooling tower 5 is connected with a water inlet of the condenser 1 through a water inlet pipeline, a water outlet of the condenser 1 is connected with an inlet of the cooling tower 5 through a water outlet pipeline, a circulating water pump 6 is further arranged on the water inlet pipeline, a cooling water flow measuring point 7 and a water inlet temperature measuring point 8 are arranged on the water inlet pipeline, a water outlet temperature measuring point 9 is arranged on the water outlet pipeline, and a water inlet pressure measuring point 10 and a water outlet pressure measuring point 11 are respectively arranged at a water inlet and a water outlet of the condenser 1. An ultrasonic flowmeter is arranged at a cooling water flow measuring point 7, and the precision is +/-1%; a first thermometer is arranged at the water inlet temperature measuring point 8, and the grade is 0.05 ℃; a second thermometer with the grade of 0.05 ℃ is arranged at a water outlet temperature measuring point 9; differential pressure transmitters with the precision grade of 0.1 are arranged at the water inlet pressure measuring point 10 and the water outlet pressure measuring point 11.
Firstly, the flow area, the number of cooling pipes, the outer diameter of the cooling pipes, the wall thickness of the cooling pipes, the flow number of the cooling pipes and the back pressure number of the cooling pipes of the condenser 1 are obtained, and the water inlet temperature, the water outlet temperature, the flow rate of the cooling water, the water inlet and outlet pressure difference, the inner diameter of the water inlet and outlet pipes and the number of the water inlet and outlet pipes of the condenser 1 are measured.
The calculation method comprises the following steps:
s1, calculating the flow speed in the cooling pipe of the condenser, specifically: vw＝Qw/SnWherein V iswThe flow velocity (m/s), Q, in the cooling tubewFor cooling water flow (m)3/s)；Sn＝N1*((Dn-2*HD-2*HG)/1000/2)2*3.14159/Mb/LcWherein S isnIs the flow area (m) of the cooling pipe2)，N1Number of cooling tubes, DnThe outer diameter (mm) of the cooling pipe, the wall thickness (mm) of the cooling pipe in HD, the inner wall scaling thickness (mm) of the cooling pipe in HG, and MbThe number of back pressures of the cooling tube, LcThe number of cooling pipe flow paths;
s2, calculating the flow velocity of a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the condenser, and specifically comprising the following steps: vc＝Qw/ScWherein V iscThe flow velocity (m/s) of the water inlet and outlet pipe, QwThe same as before; sc＝Nc*(Dc/1000/2)23.14159 wherein ScThe flow area (m) of the water inlet and outlet pipe2)，NcThe number of water inlet and outlet pipes DcThe inner diameter (mm) of the water inlet and outlet pipe;
s3, calculating the water resistance of the condenser, and dividing the water resistance of the condenser into three parts to calculate: one is the on-way loss of cooling water in the cooling tube, which depends on the flow rate of cooling water in the cooling tube, the length of cooling water flowing through the cooling tube, and the outer diameter of the cooling tube; the local water loss (pipe end loss for short, mainly depends on the flow velocity in the cooling pipe) of the cooling water flowing into the cooling pipe from the water chamber space and the cooling water flowing into the water chamber space from the cooling pipe; the water loss (called water chamber inlet loss and water chamber outlet loss respectively) generated when the cooling water flows into the water chamber space from the water inlet pipe and flows into the water outlet pipe from the water chamber space is as follows: h isN＝LT*RT*R1+∑RE,RT＝(2.925*vw 1.75)/(Dn-2*HD-2*HG)1.25Wherein h isNIs the water resistance (m), L of a condenserTThe length (m) of the cooling pipe is full flow path, RTWater resistance of cooling pipe per unit length, R1Referring to FIG. 2, the temperature of the cooling water in the cooling pipe is obtained by averaging the temperatures of the inlet and outlet water of the condenser, and sigma RERefer to fig. 3, 4, v for water resistance of water chamber and pipe end of condenserwAdopting the average flow velocity in the cooling pipe when calculating the water resistance at the pipe end, adopting the flow velocity of the water inlet pipe when calculating the water resistance at the inlet of the water chamber, and adopting the flow velocity (m/s) of the water outlet pipe when calculating the water resistance at the outlet of the water chamber;
s4, converting the water resistance of the condenser into pressure difference, specifically: Δ p ═ ρw*g*hNWherein, the delta p is the pressure drop (Pa) of the condenser, and the rhowIs the density of water (kg/m)3)，hNThe same as before;
s5, calculating the thickness of the scale of the condenser, specifically: and (3) assuming different scaling thicknesses, calculating the pressure drop of the condenser under different scaling thicknesses according to the steps 1-4, and comparing the pressure drop with the measurement result of the pressure difference of inlet and outlet water of the condenser to obtain the current scaling thickness of the inner wall of the cooling pipe of the condenser, thereby realizing the measurement of the scaling thickness in the cooling pipe of the condenser.
The embodiment can obtain the change of condenser hydraulic characteristics in real time through monitoring the temperature of inlet and outlet water, the pressure difference of inlet and outlet water and the cooling water flow of condenser, compares traditional measuring method, has advantages such as continuous, labour saving and time saving, saving expense. The power plant operating personnel can determine when the condenser needs to be cleaned and maintained according to the change of the scaling thickness in the cooling pipe of the condenser, and a basis is provided for the operation and maintenance of the condenser of the power plant.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent structures made by using the contents of the present specification and the drawings can be directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, and are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A condenser scaling thickness testing method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, calculating the flow speed in the cooling pipe of the condenser, specifically: vw＝Qw/SnWherein V iswFor the flow velocity in the cooling tube, QwIs the cooling water flow rate; sn＝N1*((Dn-2*HD-2*HG)/1000/2)2*3.14159/Mb/LcWherein S isnFor the flow area of the cooling tube, N1Number of cooling tubes, DnFor the outer diameter of the cooling tube, HD for the wall thickness of the cooling tube, HG for the thickness of the scale formed on the inner wall of the cooling tube, MbThe number of back pressures of the cooling tube, LcThe number of cooling pipe flow paths;
s2, calculating the flow velocity of a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe of the condenser, and specifically comprising the following steps: vc＝Qw/ScWherein V iscFor flow rate of water inlet and outlet pipes, QwCooling water flow rate; sc＝Nc*(Dc/1000/2)23.14159 wherein ScThe flow area of the water inlet and outlet pipe is NcThe number of water inlet and outlet pipes DcThe inner diameter of the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe;
s3, calculating the water resistance of the condenser, specifically: h isN＝LT*RT*R1+∑RE,RT＝(2.925*vw 1.75)/(Dn-2*HD-2*HG)1.25Wherein h isNFor water resistance of condenser, LTFor the length of the cooling tubes of the full flow path, RTWater resistance per unit length of cooling tube, R1For the water temperature correction factor, ∑ REIs the water resistance of the water chamber and the pipe end of the condenser, vwThe average flow velocity in the cooling pipe is adopted for calculating the water resistance at the pipe end, the flow velocity of the water inlet pipe is adopted for calculating the water resistance at the inlet of the water chamber, and the flow velocity of the water outlet pipe is adopted for calculating the water resistance at the outlet of the water chamber;
s4, converting the water resistance of the condenser into pressure difference, specifically: Δ p ═ ρw*g*hNWhere Δ p is the condenser pressure drop, ρwIs water density, hNThe same as before;
s5, calculating the thickness of the scale of the condenser, specifically: and (3) assuming different scaling thicknesses, calculating the pressure drop of the condenser under different scaling thicknesses according to the steps 1-4, and comparing the pressure drop with the measurement result of the pressure difference of inlet and outlet water of the condenser to obtain the scaling thickness of the inner wall of the cooling pipe of the current condenser.
2. The method for testing the fouling thickness of the condenser according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the inlet water temperature is measured by a first thermometer arranged on an inlet water pipe of the condenser.
3. The method of testing condenser fouling thickness of claim 2 wherein the first thermometer is rated at least 0.05 ℃.
4. The method for testing the fouling thickness of the condenser according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the outlet water temperature is measured by a second thermometer arranged on an outlet water pipeline of the condenser.
5. The method of testing condenser fouling thickness of claim 4 wherein the second thermometer is rated at least 0.05 ℃.
6. The method for testing the condenser fouling thickness according to claim 1, wherein in S1, the water inlet and outlet pressure difference is measured by differential pressure transmitters respectively arranged on a water inlet and a water outlet of the condenser.
7. The condenser fouling thickness testing method according to claim 6, wherein in S1, the digital precision of the differential pressure transmitter is ± 0.05%.
8. The condenser fouling thickness testing method according to claim 6, wherein in S1, the simulation precision of the differential pressure transmitter is ± 0.1%.
9. The method for testing the fouling thickness of the condenser according to claim 1, wherein the flow rate of the cooling water is measured by an ultrasonic flowmeter arranged on a water inlet pipeline of the condenser.
10. The condenser fouling thickness test method according to claim 9, wherein the accuracy of the ultrasonic flowmeter is ± 1%.
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2022
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