CN202101956U - Single heat exchange tube testing device - Google Patents
Single heat exchange tube testing device Download PDFInfo
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- CN202101956U CN202101956U CN201120199041XU CN201120199041U CN202101956U CN 202101956 U CN202101956 U CN 202101956U CN 201120199041X U CN201120199041X U CN 201120199041XU CN 201120199041 U CN201120199041 U CN 201120199041U CN 202101956 U CN202101956 U CN 202101956U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to the technical field of heat transmission, and discloses a single heat exchange tube testing device. Based on the single heat exchange tube testing device, the heat transmission property of a single heat exchange tube of a practical heat exchanger can be obtained, and the node temperature of a tubular heat exchanger can be predicted further, so as to determine the node temperature of fluid of a tube side and a shell side. The single heat exchange tube testing device comprises a heat exchange pipe, a casing, a delivery pump, a liquid storage tank, an inlet valve and an outlet valve, and is characterized in that the heat exchange pipe is a single heat exchange pipe body; the casing comprises a plurality of cylindrical segments, a cylindrical segment connection sealing head and a seal plate, wherein the cylindrical segment connection sealing head is positioned at the end part; the cylindrical segments comprise round tubes, cylindrical segment end flanges, tube upper connecting pipes and tube lower connecting pipes; the cylindrical segments are connected sequentially through the end flanges; an inlet and an outlet of the heat exchange pipe are respectively connected with a tube side liquid storage tank through valves; each upper connecting pipe of each cylindrical segment of the casing is respectively connected with a shell side flow distributor through each valve; the shell side flow distributor is connected with a shell side liquid storage tank; each lower connecting pipe of each cylindrical segment is respectively connected with a flow mixer through each valve; and a shell side flow mixing distributor is connected with the shell side liquid storage tank.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to the heat transfer technology field.Relate to a kind of single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation, can obtain the heat transfer characteristic of single heat exchange tube in the real exchanger based on this device.
Background technology
Shell-and-tube heat exchanger is that present process industrial is used the widest a kind of heat interchanger.It mainly is made up of parts such as housing, tube sheet, heat exchanger tube, end socket, baffles, can adopt stainless steel, plain carbon steel, red copper or other non-ferrous metal as material.During operation, a kind of fluid is got into by an end fusing head connection tube, through heat exchanger tube, flows out from the adapter of other end end socket, is referred to as tube side; One other fluid is got into by an adapter of housing, and another adapter from housing is flowed out, and is referred to as shell side.The critical component that heat exchanger tube conducts heat as cold fluid and hot fluid, its structure and pattern are continued to optimize.Along with the continuous appearance of new and effective heat exchanger tube, the range of application of shell-and-tube heat exchanger constantly enlarges.The measure of thermoexcell heat transfer at present has two types, and promptly the mobility status of (1) change fluid is to increase flow velocity; (2) change heat-transfer surface shape and size.
Increase flow velocity and can change flow state, improve the turbulent fluctuation degree.The branch journey of tube side, shell side can improve flow velocity, increase flow process length and turbulent extent in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger.In addition, are set perpendicular to the scarce type baffle plate (baffle) of circles of heat exchanger tube in that pipe is outer, can impel the shell-side fluid heat exchange pipe external surface of fully flowing through according to a determining deviation.Optimize wash away the coefficient of heat transfer that angle can improve shell-side of extratubal fluid, improve the heat exchange effect pipe.All can increase resistance to flow but baffle is set or increases flow velocity, this requirement takes into account the optimum flow rate that shell-side fluid is confirmed in the requirement that improves heat transfer property and reduce pressure drop.
Changing heat-transfer surface shape and heat interchanging area size also is to improve the effective measures of heat transfer property.The circular section heat exchanger tube is to use the most general a kind of heat transfer element in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger, but modern industrial equipment to thermal load require increasingly highly, the application requirements of augmentation of heat transfer technology in heat interchanger is very urgent.Add the method that the interpolation thing is exactly a mobile Reynolds number in a kind of highly effective raising pipe at heat exchanger tube.In insert thing and do not need additionaling power, with low cost, easy to process, can not only augmentation of heat transfer, can also realize online scale removal, the antiscale of heat interchanger.Carried out polytype interpolation thing research both at home and abroad, the spin spring is wherein to carry out than early a kind of, and its augmentation of heat transfer and automatic desludging effect have obtained approval.
For increasing the coefficient of heat transfer, the heat exchanger tube of shell-and-tube heat exchanger also can adopt various special pipes and gilled tube.Screw finned pipe is to be formed through rolling by the heavy wall pipe, and the external surface area of fin is than the big 2.5-4.8 of smooth pipe times of same outer diameter as.When the fluid convection coefficient of heat transfer of tube wall both sides differs 3-5 times, be fit to adopt screw finned pipe or gilled tube, even if in fact the fluid convection coefficient of heat transfer of tube wall both sides is greater than this scope, use screw finned pipe or gilled tube also can receive good effect.Needle fin tube is one of augmentation of heat transfer cast of Application and Development just in recent years, and its main type comprises two kinds of Sweden Sunrod Needle fin tube and integral pin finned tubes.The former is applicable to boiler or waste heat boiler in oil product heat interchanger and all types of industries heating process of petrochemical industry, and the latter not only can be used for the heat transmission equipment of petrochemical complex, power department, also can be used for industries such as refrigeration, air-conditioning, and the augmentation of heat transfer effect is remarkable.
The research of heat exchanger tube heat transfer characteristic is the basis of shell-and-tube heat exchanger design.Because complex structure, numerical analysis method is adopted in the theoretical research of internal flow of heat exchanging device and heat transfer characteristic more.Numerical simulation has that expense is low, speed is fast, good reproducibility, can simulate than the advantages such as flow phenomenon under complicacy or the more satisfactory operating mode; Also can study the influence rule of different operating parameter to heat transfer property; Obtain the details of all correlated variabless, remedy the deficiency of theoretical analysis and experimental test.
The key of heat exchanger tube heat transfer characteristic numerical analysis is the foundation of computation model.Model commonly used at present comprises porous media model, solid model and periodicity unit flow passage model.Adopt porous media model too to simplify the inner structure of heat interchanger; Analog result can not accurately reflect the details such as true mobile and heat transfer conditions of regional area; And the important analog parameter of part is relevant with structural shape, physical dimension and the operation medium of heat interchanger, so has certain limitation.Distribute when studying in the fluidised form of the flow field local detail that carries out novel shell side supporting construction, should not adopt porous media model with enhanced heat transfer mechanism.Adopt the mobile of solid model heat exchanging device to carry out numerical simulation with heat transfer characteristic; Can obtain to flow the heat transfer of heat interchanger and the The qualitative analysis of flow characteristics; But for large-scale shell-and-tube heat exchanger; Because the heat exchanger tube number is huge, the grid number and the calculated amount of model increase unusually, and existing software and hardware still can not meet the demands.For this reason, the researchist proposes periodically unit flow passage model simplification computing method, has ignored that near cloth area under control fluid flows and conducts heat the cylindrical shell wall singularity flows to shell side and the influence of heat transfer overall performance.If when heat exchanger tube stringing mode was square, desirable 4 fluid circulation spaces that heat exchanger tube surrounded were " unit flow passage " computation model, can effectively reduce the numerical simulation difficulty of longitudinal flow of shell-side heat exchanger like this.Yet; The unit flow passage model is applicable to that heat-exchanging tube bundle and tube bundle support structure are some longitudinal flow of shell-side heat exchanger of symmetrical distribution; For the shell-and-tube heat exchanger that does not possess the said structure characteristic,, then can't simplify like this like baffle heat exchanger, spiral-plate heat exchanger etc.For the less shell-and-tube heat exchanger of diameter of the housing; Even meet the symmetric simplification requirement of unit flow passage; Influence mobile to shell side owing near the fluid in the cloth area under control cylindrical shell wall and the heat transfer overall performance can not ignore greatly, and unit flow passage modeling result and actual condition have than large deviation.Thus it is clear that, set up the internal temperature field analysis computing method of heat exchanger tube heat transfer property proving installation and large-scale shell-and-tube heat exchanger, for the design of this type of heat interchanger, use and have the important engineering meaning.
Aspect the experimental study of heat exchanger tube heat transfer property, the researchist utilizes different test platforms, has obtained some results of study.Heat exchanger tube heat transmissibility device comprises two loops and three systems basically.Two loops are cold medium loop and thermal medium loop, the i.e. tube side of heat-exchange system and shell side; Three systems comprise thermal medium storage tank and heating system, cold medium storage tank and cooling system, circulation power system.
Shown in Figure 1 is a kind of gas-to-gas heat exchanger test unit.Air is sent into gas-holder through Root's blower, and to atmosphere, another part through variable valve, turbo flow meter, gets into the heating of electrical heating case as test working medium to a part by bypass row after filtrator filters.Hot-air is after the import blending bin mixes, and the stable section of flowing through gets into test section.Hot-air carries out countercurrent flow with the chilled water of managing in the outer tube in test section.Air after the heat exchange enters atmosphere by the diffusion mouth after the outlet blending bin mixes.Cooling water flow path is: the water in the water tank gets in the test section sleeve pipe through variable valve, turbo flow meter after the water pump pressurization, and the water after the heat exchange flows into the cooling tower cooling, and then enters water tank, recycles.
Fig. 2 is a kind of single tube heat transfer test unit.Test unit mainly is made up of compressor, oil separator, receiver, mass flowmeter, electromagnetic expanding valve, agglutination,cold test section and evaporation test section.Test section is a double-pipe exchanger, and pipe is by being surveyed experimental sample tube in it.In the pipe is cold-producing medium, and pipe is outer to be water, the two reverse flow.Test unit adopts high-precision temperature, pressure transducer and data acquisition system (DAS), regulates compressor frequency and electronic expansion valve regulation refrigerant flow through frequency converter.
Fig. 3 is a kind of single tube liquid-liquid heat transfer performance test device, is made up of single pipe heat exchanger, flowmeter, pump, valve and water tank.Pipe is smooth pipe or corrugated tube in the single pipe heat exchanger, and sleeve pipe is a smooth pipe.Walk to test working medium in the pipe, walk chilled water outside the pipe, manage inside and outside fluid countercurrent current heat exchange.Place, test section entry and exit mounting temperature measuring point.In the test, the working medium in the constant temperature water tank flows back to constant temperature water tank by being pumped into flowmeter after heat interchanger tube side heat exchange cooling.Chilled water is discharged after the heat exchanger shell pass heat exchange heats up.
Fig. 4 is a kind of Needle fin tube single column run equipment flowsheet.Tube side and shell side adopt the tap water of different temperatures as medium, and thermometric and pressure tap are all near the two ends of Needle fin tube.Shell side adopts U type pipe differential manometer to measure pressure reduction.
Shown in Figure 5 is the synoptic diagram of shell-and-tube heat exchanger structure.During operation, cold fluid and hot fluid flows to from tube side and shell side respectively, through the heat of heat exchanger tube exchange cold fluid and hot fluid.According to the architectural feature of shell-and-tube heat exchanger, its internal temperature field has the cyclical variation rule, and promptly 5 of each vertical setting of types heat exchanger tubes are as one-period, and heat-exchanging tube bundle shown in Figure 5 can be divided into 3 cycles.If can obtain the temperature distributing rule of the heat-exchanging tube bundle of one-period, then can obtain the temperature distributing rule of whole heat interchanger.
In sum, the development of augmentation of heat transfer technology has promoted to equip the raising of energy-conservation level, need set up the heat transfer property of the high test unit of perfect in shape and function, measuring accuracy with test novel heat exchange pipe.Simultaneously, what the inner whole temperature of heat interchanger was also given in the maximization of heat-exchanger rig confirms to have brought great difficulty, presses for and sets up practical, easy temperature field Forecasting Methodology.Existing heat interchanger (pipe) heat transfer performance test only can obtain the temperature and pressure that tube side and shell side are imported and exported, and can't obtain along the axial temperature distributing rule of heat exchanger tube.Single tube heat exchange property test unit that development perfect in shape and function, measuring accuracy are high, experimentation cost is cheap and the Forecasting Methodology of setting up the shell-and-tube heat exchanger temperature have the important engineering meaning.
Summary of the invention
The utility model also provides a kind of single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation, adopts this device can conveniently test the heat transfer property of corresponding heat exchanger tube, so that further the shell-and-tube heat exchanger node temperature is predicted.
A kind of single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation; It comprises heat exchanger tube, housing, discharge pump, fluid reservoir and import and export valve; It is characterized in that: said heat exchanger tube is the single heat exchange tube body; Said housing connects end socket and shrouding by the shell ring that comprises some shell rings, is positioned at the end, and said shell ring is taken over by pipe, shell ring end flange and bobbin upper and lower part and formed, and each shell ring connects via end flange successively; The import and export of said heat exchanger tube is connected with the tube side fluid reservoir through valve respectively; The upper connecting tube of each shell ring of said housing connects the shell side flow distributor through valve respectively, and the shell side flow distributor is connected with the shell side fluid reservoir, and the lower linking tube of each shell ring connects the mixed flow device through valve respectively, and shell side mixed flow orchestration is connected with the shell side fluid reservoir.
The housing of this device also is provided with the corrugated tube shell ring; It is arranged on the left side or the right side of housing; Said corrugated tube shell ring is arranged between the shell sections and heads, and the corrugated tube shell ring comprises corrugated tube and end flange, and the corrugated tube shell ring is connected with shell sections and heads respectively through end flange; Install a baffle plate additional between said corrugated tube and the housing shell ring, this baffle plate and said heat exchanger tube outer wall leave the gap.
The import and export place of said heat exchanger tube is equipped with temperature sensor and pressure transducer; Every joint cylindrical shell lower linking tube place of housing is equipped with temperature sensor, and said shell side flow distributor and mixed flow device position are equipped with temperature sensor and pressure transducer; The outlet valve place of shell side fluid reservoir and tube side fluid reservoir is equipped with flow sensor.
Said high temperature fluid storage tank is furnished with well heater and temperature controller; Said cryogen storage tank is furnished with refrigeratory and temperature controller.
Said temperature sensor is thermocouple sensor; The equal piezoelectric pressure indicator of said pressure transducer, said valve is solenoid valve; Said flow sensor is the electronic turbine sensor,
Said each temperature sensor, pressure transducer and flow sensor are connected with the respective signal input port of computer control system respectively, and the corresponding control end that said each valve connects computer control system respectively connects.
Said shell side fluid reservoir is the high temperature fluid storage tank, and the tube side fluid reservoir is the cryogen jar; Or the shell side fluid reservoir is the cryogen jar, and the tube side fluid reservoir is the high temperature fluid storage tank.
The beneficial effect of the utility model:
The single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation of the utility model not only can change the length of housing according to the length of heat exchanger tube, and with respect to the flow direction of tube side fluid, it is adverse current, following current and cross-flow that shell-side fluid can be set, and has increased the dirigibility of test unit greatly.Heat exchanger tube end to be tested only needs welding flange and shrouding to make up with the shell side shell ring, and heat exchanger tube is easy for installation.At shell side shell ring end series connection corrugated tube shell ring, can effectively remedy the alignment error of shell ring and reduce the thermal stress of device, improve the reliability of high temperature heat transfer test.The heat exchanger tube heat transfer performance test device of the utility model can be used as the test platform of novel heat exchange pipe and augmentation of heat transfer technology.
Adopt the shell-and-tube heat exchanger node temperature Forecasting Methodology of the utility model, only need carry out the several times test of conducting heat, the temperature field of adopting calculation procedure to analyze then to draw the inner important node of heat interchanger one section heat exchanger tube.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a kind of gas-to-gas heat exchanger test unit process flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is a kind of single tube condensation-volatility experiment process figure.
Fig. 3 is a kind of single tube liquid-liquid heat transfer performance test device synoptic diagram.
Fig. 4 is a kind of Needle fin tube single tube heat exchange test unit process flow diagram.
Fig. 5 is shell-and-tube heat exchanger synoptic diagram (periodic feature of this figure explanation heat-exchanging tube bundle).
Fig. 6 is the synoptic diagram of the single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation of the utility model.
Fig. 7 is the single heat exchange tube heat transfer performance test process flow diagram of the utility model.
Fig. 8 is provided with synoptic diagram for the temperature nodes in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger flow field of the utility model.
Fig. 9 is the process flow diagram of finding the solution of the node temperature in shell-and-tube heat exchanger flow field.
Figure 10 is a temperature two-dimensional interpolation synoptic diagram.
Figure 11 is the process flow diagram of finding the solution primary control program of the node temperature in shell-and-tube heat exchanger flow field.
Figure 12 is humid test point value synoptic diagram.
Among Fig. 1: 1-air intake opening; 2-Root's blower; 3-gas-holder; 4-filtrator; 5-variable valve; 6-turbo flow meter; 7-well heater; 8-import blending bin; 9-stable section; 10-developmental tube; 11-jacket pipe; 12-outlet blending bin;
13-diffusion mouth; 14-cooling tower; 15-water pump; 16-flowmeter; 17-variable valve.
Among Fig. 2: 1-compressor; 2-chilled water; 3-evaporation test pipeline section; 4-electromagnetic expanding valve; 5-flowmeter; 6-receiver; 7-chilled water; 8-agglutination,cold test section; 9-oil separator; T: temperature point P: pressure-measuring-point DP: pressure reduction measuring point G: flow measuring point.
Among Fig. 3: 1-constant temperature water tank; 2-well heater; 3-pump; 4-flowmeter; 5-temperature point; 6-temperature point; 7-single pipe heat exchanger; 8-temperature point; 9-temperature point; 10-flowmeter; 11-pump; 12-tap water inlet; 13-water tank.
Among Fig. 4: 1-water-cooled unit; 2-water pump; The import of 3-chilled water; 4-thermopair; The outlet of 5-tap water; 6-pressure tap; 7-tank; 8-running water inlet; 9-pressure tap; 10-thermopair; The outlet of 11-tap water.
Among Fig. 5: the outlet of 1-shell side; 2-left tube sheet; 3-baffle I; 4-baffle II; The import of 5-shell side; 6-heat exchanger tube (1 cycle); 7-right tube sheet.
Among Fig. 6: the import of 1-heat exchanger tube; 2-heat exchanger tube; 3-heat exchanger tube import shrouding; 4-shell side left side end socket; 5-the 1 joint cylindrical shell;
6-the 1 joint cylindrical shell import; 7-the 2 joint cylindrical shell; 8-the 2 joint cylindrical shell import; 9-the 3 joint cylindrical shell; 10-the 3 joint cylindrical shell import; 11-the 4 joint cylindrical shell; 12-the 4 joint cylindrical shell import; 13-baffle plate; 14-corrugated tube shell ring; 15-corrugated tube; The right end socket of 16-shell side; The outlet of 17 heat exchanger tubes; 18-heat exchanger tube turnover shrouding; 19-the 4 joint cylindrical shell outlet; 20-the 3 joint cylindrical shell outlet; 21-the 2 joint cylindrical shell outlet; 22-the 1 joint cylindrical shell outlet.
Among Fig. 7: 1-tube side inlet temperature sensor; 2-tube side inlet pressure sensor; 3-tube side imported valve;
4-shell side inlet temperature sensor; 5-shell side inlet pressure sensor; 6-shell side flow distributor; 7-the 1 joint cylindrical shell imported valve; 8-the 2 joint cylindrical shell imported valve; 9-the 3 joint cylindrical shell imported valve; 10-the 4 joint cylindrical shell imported valve; 11-the 1 joint cylindrical shell outlet temperature sensor; 12-the 2 joint cylindrical shell outlet temperature sensor; 13-the 3 joint cylindrical shell outlet temperature sensor;
14-the 4 joint cylindrical shell outlet temperature sensor; 15-the 1 joint cylindrical shell outlet valve; 16-the 2 joint cylindrical shell outlet valve;
17-the 3 joint cylindrical shell outlet valve; 18-the 4 joint cylindrical shell outlet valve; 19-mixed flow device; 20-shell side outlet temperature sensor; 21-shell side outlet pressure sensor; 22-tube side outlet valve; 23-tube side outlet temperature sensor; 24-tube side outlet pressure sensor; 25-shell side flow sensor; 26-tube side flow sensor; 27-shell side fluid reservoir outlet valve; 28-tube side fluid reservoir outlet valve;
29-shell side medium transport pump; 30-tube side medium transport pump; 31-high temperature fluid storage tank; 32-cryogen storage tank;
33-shell side fluid reservoir admission valve; 34-tube side fluid reservoir admission valve.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation instance of the utility model: as shown in Figure 6
(1) adopt combined type shell ring 5,7,9,11 as the shell side housing.Each shell ring is taken over by pipe, shell ring end flange, shell ring top and the bottom and is formed.Round tube inside diameter is 1.5 ~ 2 times of heat exchanger tube 2 external diameters to be tested.Adopt the spacer bolt flange connection to be connected between shell ring and shell ring.Change the shell ring number, can change the axial length of shell side, satisfy the test request of different length heat exchanger tube.Each parts all adopts stainless steel processing, and pipe and adapter, pipe and flange are taken over flange and be welding.
(2), connect a corrugated tube shell ring 14 at shell ring one end.Corrugated tube has better elastic, can exchange the thermal deformation of heat pipe and housing and the alignment error of shell ring and compensate, to reduce the thermal stress on heat exchanger tube and the housing.The corrugated tube shell ring is welded by corrugated tube 15 and end flange, and the corrugated tube shell ring can be installed in the housing left side or the right.The corrugated tube shell ring adopts the spacer bolt flange connection to be connected with the housing shell ring.
(3) between corrugated tube shell ring and housing shell ring, install a baffle plate 14 additional, be used to stop shell-side fluid to flow into the corrugated tube shell ring.Baffle plate and heat exchanger tube outer wall leave certain interval, guarantee between heat exchanger tube and the baffle plate relative displacement freely to take place.
(4) adopt two conical heads 4 and 16 pairs of housings to seal.A conical head is connected with housing shell ring 5, and another conical head is connected with corrugated tube shell ring 14, all adopts the spacer bolt flange connection to connect.The end socket end bolt hole (blind hole) that evenly distributes is used for being connected with heat exchanger tube import and export shrouding.
(5) heat exchanger tube to be tested needs at two ends weld pipe flange 1 and 18, is used for being connected with tube side import and export pipeline.Heat exchanger tube to be tested is welded with two blocks of shroudings 3 and 17 at two ends, open the hole on the shrouding, and shrouding adopts the spacer bolt flange connection to be connected with conical head.
(6) shell-side cylinder after installing places on the support, and guarantees corrugated tube shell ring retractable.Flange 1 is connected with the tube side inlet ductwork, and flange 18 is connected with the tube side export pipeline, and 6,8,10,12 are connected with the shell side inlet ductwork respectively, and 19,20,21,22 are connected with the shell side export pipeline respectively.
Embodiment two: the heat exchanger tube heat transfer performance test instance of the utility model: as shown in Figure 7
(1) the single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation import of the utility model is connected with valve 3, is measured the temperature and pressure of tube side inlet fluid by temperature sensor 1 and pressure transducer 2;
(2) the heat exchanger tube outlet is connected with valve 22, is measured the temperature and pressure of tube side outlet fluid by temperature sensor 23 and pressure transducer 24;
(3) induction pipe of shell side shell ring (Fig. 6 last 6,8,10,12) is connected with valve 7,8,9,10 respectively.Valve 7,8,9,10 is connected with shell side flow distributor 6 through 4 flexible pipes, and the length of 4 flexible pipes is the same, to guarantee flowing into the shell side induction pipe from the fluid that shell side flow distributor 6 flows out with identical flow.
(4) temperature sensor 4 and pressure transducer 5 are set on the shell side flow distributor 6, to measure the temperature and pressure of shell side inlet fluid.
(5) outlet of shell side shell ring (Fig. 6 last 22,21,20,19) is connected with valve 15,16,17,18 respectively.Valve 15,16,17,18 is connected with mixed flow device 19 through 4 flexible pipes, and the length of 4 flexible pipes is the same, to guarantee flowing into mixed flow device 19 from the fluid that 4 outlets of shell side flow out with identical flow.
(6) outlet of shell side shell ring (Fig. 6 last 22,21,20,19) fitting temperature sensor 11,12,13,14 is respectively measured the fluid temperature (F.T.) of walking around each shell ring position behind the heat exchanger tube.
(7) temperature sensor 20 and pressure transducer 21 are set on the shell side mixed flow device 19, to measure the temperature and pressure of shell side outlet fluid.
(8) high temperature fluid storage tank 31 is joined well heater and temperature controller provides the constant temperature hot fluid, and by pump 29 pumpings, solenoid valve 27 is installed at the pump discharge place, and valve 27 is connected with flowmeter 25, is connected with shell side flow distributor 6 again.Shell side mixed flow device 19 is connected with valve 33 by the road, and valve 33 connects the inlet tube of high temperature fluid storage tank.
(9) cryogen storage tank 32 is joined refrigeratory and temperature controller provides the constant temperature cold fluid, and by pump 30 pumpings, solenoid valve 28 is installed at the pump discharge place, and valve 28 is connected with flowmeter 26, is connected with the tube side entrance pipe again.The tube side export pipeline is connected with valve 34, and valve 34 connects the inlet tube of cryogen storage tank.
(10) when tube side be cryogen and shell side when being high temperature fluid, can the shell side export pipeline that be connected with valve 33 be changed into valve 34 and being connected, and the tube side export pipeline that is connected with valve 34 changes into valve 33 and being connected; And the shell side inlet ductwork that will be connected with valve 27 changes into valve 28 and being connected, and the tube side entrance pipe that is connected with valve 28 with change valve 27 into and be connected.
(11) through regulating the heater power of high temperature fluid storage tank 31, the temperature in of scalable shell-side fluid.Through control valve 27, the inlet flow rate of scalable shell-side fluid.Through the refrigeratory power of adjusting cryogen storage tank 32, the temperature in of scalable tube side fluid, through control valve 27, the inlet pressure of scalable tube side fluid.
(12) while Open valve 7,8,9,10 and 15,16,17,18 can be constructed tube side and shell-side fluid cross-flow heat exchange, and promptly two kinds of mobile flow directions are vertical each other; If only Open valve 10 and 11 can be constructed tube side and shell-side fluid countercurrent flow, promptly two kinds of mobile flow directions are parallel to each other.
(13) temperature sensor 1,4,11,12,13,14,20,23 is thermocouple sensor, and data are by the computer control system collection; Pressure transducer 2,5,21,24 is a piezoelectric pressure indicator, and data are by the computer control system collection; All valves are solenoid valve, through the aperture of computer-controlled program by-pass valve control; Flow sensor is the electronic turbine sensor, and data are by the computer control system collection.
(14) after system's Installation and Debugging finished, tube side was imported and exported pipeline, shell-side cylinder, shell side flow distributor and mixed flow device and is all wrapped with heat-preservation cotton, guaranteed that heat transfer system with the external world heat interchange does not take place.
(15) heat transfer of heat exchange pipeline section is that the data that can test gained comprise: tube side import and export temperature
t In,
t Out, tube side import and export pressure
p In,
p Out, shell side import and export temperature
T In,
T Out(or the temperature of 4 outlets
T Out-1,
T Out-2
, T Out-3,
T Out-4), shell side import and export pressure
P In,
P Out t OutWith
T Out(or the temperature of 4 outlets
T Out-1,
T Out-2
, T Out-3,
T Out-4) by
t InWith
T InCommon decision is promptly worked as
t InWith
T InOne regularly,
t OutWith
T Out(or the temperature of 4 outlets
T Out-1,
T Out-2
, T Out-3,
T Out-4) certain.
Embodiment three, shell-and-tube heat exchanger node temperature prediction instance: as shown in Figure 8
(1) according to the geometric properties of shell-and-tube heat exchanger, heat-exchanging tube bundle is divided into plurality of sections by baffle, and is as shown in Figure 8, and the flow direction of shell-side fluid is vertical with the flow direction of tube side fluid.Ignore that near cloth area under control fluid flows and conducts heat the cylindrical shell wall singularity flows to shell side and the influence of heat transfer overall performance, shell-side fluid has periodic feature in the horizontal direction, so the heat-exchanging tube bundle of desirable one-period carries out temperature field analysis.The heat exchanger tube quantity of the heat-exchanging tube bundle in the vertical direction in this cycle is identical with real exchanger, and the heat exchanger tube number of horizontal direction is 1, i.e. 1 cycle.
(2) shown in Figure 8 is the heat interchanger synoptic diagram of 2 baffles, 3 heat exchanger tubes.2 baffles are divided into 3 sections with every heat exchanger tube, and these 9 sections heat exchanger tubes are represented with A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I respectively.The flow through order of these 9 sections heat exchanger tubes of shell-side fluid is I, H, G, F, E, D, C, B, A.
(3) temperature of the upstream and downstream fluid of the out temperature of each section heat exchanger tube and outside shell side thereof is all relevant with adjacent heat exchange tubes.With heat exchange pipeline section E is example, and its tube side inlet temperature does
t 22, outlet temperature does
t 23, and
t 22Be again the tube side outlet temperature of heat exchange pipeline section B,
t 23It is again the tube side inlet temperature of heat exchange pipeline section H; The outside shell side upstream fluid of heat exchange pipeline section E temperature does
T 22, the downstream fluid temperature does
T 32, and
T 22Be again the outside shell side downstream fluid of heat exchange pipeline section F temperature,
T 32It is again the outside shell side upstream fluid of heat exchange pipeline section D temperature.
(4) Fig. 9 is last,
T InFor the shell side inlet temperature, known;
t 11,
t 21,
t 31For the tube side inlet temperature, known, and
t 11=
t 21=
t 31 T 11Be the shell side outlet temperature, wait to ask;
t 34,
t 24,
t 14Be the tube side outlet temperature, wait to ask.
(5) according to heat exchanger tube heat transfer performance test experiment process (15) bar of the utility model, when heat exchanger tube inlet temperature and shell side upstream fluid temperature are confirmed, can confirm heat exchanger tube outlet temperature and shell side downstream fluid temperature.With heat exchange pipeline section A is example, if known
t 11With
T 21, can confirm
t 12With
T 11But, remove according to the operating conditions of heat interchanger
t 11In addition, all the other 3 temperature are all unknown.
(6) adopt flow process shown in Figure 9 to find the solution each node temperature on Fig. 8.At first suppose a temperature
T 11(can adopt the shell side outlet temperature that obtains by formula (a) estimation
T 2As
T 11Initial value), by
t 11With
T 11Ask
t 12With
T 21And then by
t 21With
T 21Ask
t 22With
T 31So go forward one by one, up to the temperature that obtains heat exchange pipeline section I
T 43If the temperature that obtains
T 43With known shell side inlet temperature
T InError surpass permissible value, promptly |
T 43-
T In|/
T In>0.05, the temperature of then explanation hypothesis
T 11Wrong, need to change
T 11Continue iteration; If the temperature that obtains
T 43With
T InError less than permissible value, the temperature of explanation hypothesis then
T 11Correctly, export each node temperature.The heat exchanger tube of one-period refers to all heat exchanger tubes in the vertical setting of types, is exactly one-period like 65 heat exchanger tubes being indicated among Fig. 5, and baffle only is that heat exchanger tube has been divided into some pipeline sections, and it doesn't matter with the cycle.The left end of the heat exchanger tube in this cycle is the tube side import, and the top of right-hand member is the shell side import, and the temperature of these two positions all is known, is the operating conditions of real exchanger.Map 8 can be known, just can be obtained the temperature value of all nodes through iterative computation by these temperature conditions.
(7) mapping relations of 4 temperature are obtained by test on the single heat exchange pipeline section.On the single heat exchange tube heat transfer performance test device that the utility model is set up, open 7,8,9,10 on Fig. 7 and reach 15,16,17,18 valves, can realize in the pipe and the type of flow of extratubal fluid cross-flow (flow direction is vertical).The length of test heat exchanger tube equals the spacing of adjacent two baffles.
(8) according to the velocity in pipes of single heat exchange tube and the flow velocity of shell-side fluid in the actual flow velocity confirmed test of shell-and-tube heat exchanger tube side and shell side.Because the tube side inlet temperature of inner each the heat exchange pipeline section of real exchanger and shell side upstream fluid temperature is uncertain and array configuration is different; Therefore test of many times be need carry out, different tube side inlet temperatures tube side outlet temperature corresponding and shell side downstream fluid temperature obtained with shell side upstream fluid temperature combinations.
(9) estimation tube side and shell side outlet temperature.Employing formula (a) is calculated the outlet temperature of hot fluid
T 2, employing formula (b) is calculated the outlet temperature of hot fluid
t 2
Wherein,
,
, and
ABe heat transfer area (m
2),
HBe overall heat transfer coefficient (Wm
-2K
-1),
T 1,
t 1For heat, the cold fluid inlet temperature (℃),
T 2,
t 2For heat, the cold fluid outlet temperature (℃),
q h ,
q c For being respectively the mass rate (kgs of heat, cold fluid
-1),
c h ,
c c For being respectively the specific heat (Jkg of heat, cold fluid
-1K
-1).
The tube side and the shell side outlet temperature that obtain according to estimation, in conjunction with known tube side and shell side inlet temperature, be provided with the test of single tube heat exchange property tube side inlet temperature scope [
t 1,
t 2] and the temperature range of shell side outlet [
T 1,
T 2].[
t 1,
t 2] between get some values
t m As the trial value of tube side inlet temperature, [
T 1,
T 2] between get some values
T n Trial value as the shell side outlet temperature.During test, keep
t m Constant, adjustment shell side inlet temperature up to the shell side outlet temperature that obtains does
T n Till, the shell side inlet temperature that record is corresponding
t m ' and the tube side outlet temperature
T n '.Revision test obtains with different
t m With
T n The temperature combinations correspondence
t m ' and
T n ', thereby set up tube side inlet temperature, shell side downstream fluid temperature and tube side outlet temperature, shell side upstream fluid vs. temperature, thus satisfy the requirement that node temperature is calculated in (6) bar.
(11) be the example explanation with temperature matrix shown in Figure 10
t m ,
T n With
t m ' and
T n ' method of application of mapping relations.For a certain heat exchange pipeline section, if its tube side inlet temperature
t y , shell side downstream fluid temperature
T x Can in mapping relations, find fully coupling
t m With
T n Value, then tube side outlet temperature and shell side upstream fluid temperature are got respectively
t m ' and
T n ', otherwise need carry out interpolation calculation.Among Figure 10,
T 1,
T 2,
T 3,
T 4,
T 5For testing 5 that are got
T n Value,
t 1,
t 2,
t 3,
t 4,
t 5For testing 5 that are got
t m Value.According to the Characteristics of Temperature Field of shell-and-tube heat exchanger, if shell side is a high temperature fluid, tube side is a cryogen, and then each heat exchange pipeline section inner fluid is in heated condition all the time, so have
T n >
t m The last stain of Figure 10 is represented corresponding by it
t m With
T n Carry out a test, and obtained one group
t m ' and
T n ' value.
t y With
T x Be respectively the tube side inlet temperature and the shell side downstream fluid temperature of a certain heat exchange pipeline section in a certain iteration step.
t y With
T x Intersection point do not drop on (the red point that figure is last) on the stain, therefore need carry out according to the corresponding temperature value of 4 stains around the red some two-dimensional interpolation (
t m With
T n Direction all needs interpolation) calculate.Interpolation method has been ripe method.
(12) according to primary control program flow process shown in Figure 11, start-up routine, the basic parameter (comprising structural parameters, medium physical parameter and operating parameter) of input real exchanger; The tube side and the shell side outlet temperature of estimation real exchanger; Confirm the test temperature of heat exchange pipeline section heat transfer performance test; Carry out the heat transfer performance test of heat exchange pipeline section, obtain the mapping relations of heat exchange pipeline section import and export temperature and shell side upstream and downstream fluid temperature thereof; Utilize the temperature map relation of setting up, the node temperature of each heat exchange pipeline section in the iterative computation one-period heat-exchanging tube bundle; The final output node temperature also quits a program.
Embodiment four
A kind of shell-and-tube heat exchanger design data is: the shell side medium is a conduction oil, and inlet temperature is 220 ℃, and mass rate is 142 kgs
-1The tube side medium is certain material, and mass rate is 132 kgs
-1, inlet temperature is 20 ℃; Heat exchange tube material is 316L, and specification Φ 32 * 3.5, and long 5000 mm, are equilateral triangle and arrange, spacing 48 mm by totally 840.Totally 4 of baffles (being labeled as 1,2,3,4 from left to right successively) are evenly arranged, and vertical direction is totally 28 rows, 30 of every rows.The type of flow of tube side and shell-side fluid is an adverse current.
At first, confirm the rerum natura and the operating parameter of tube side and shell-side fluid.The shell side medium is a conduction oil, specific heat 2.15 kJkg
-1K
-1, the transverse flow speed of the outer conduction oil of single heat exchange tube is 0.28 ms
-1Tube side is certain material, specific heat 2.50 kJkg
-1K
-1, the inlet velocity of single heat exchange tube is 0.42 ms
-1Total heat interchanging area is 422 m
2, overall heat transfer coefficient is 440 Wm
-2K
-1, estimate that according to formula (a) with (b) obtaining the tube side outlet temperature is 91 ℃, the shell side outlet temperature is 143 ℃.The design of the real exchanger that need use when more than being iterative computation and running parameter.
Secondly, according to heat interchanger parameter and tube side and shell side outlet temperature that estimation obtains, confirm single tube section heat exchange test parameters.The test(ing) medium of proving installation is the same with medium in the real exchanger; Heat exchanger tube test section length is 1250 mm, considers the installation requirement of flange and corrugated tube shell ring, and actual heat exchanger tube length should be greater than 1250 mm; The tube side flow velocity is 0.4 ms
-1, 0.28 ms
-1Shell side inlet fluid temperature changes to 143 ℃ from 220 ℃, and the tube side fluid inlet changes to 91 ℃ from 20 ℃.The value of shell side and tube side testing site temperature is shown in figure 12.Stain representes that two corresponding temperature of this point are a pair of test temperature among the figure, need carry out 39 tests altogether.
Once more,, on the heat exchanger tube heat transfer performance test device of the utility model, carry out the heat exchange test, and then obtain the mapping relations of shell side and tube side import and export temperature according to test temperature value shown in Figure 11.In the computation process, the situation that node temperature exceeds the test temperature scope may occur, need complementary testing this moment.In order to practice thrift cost, the mode that can adopt experimental study to combine with numerical analysis obtains the temperature map relation.Table 1 has provided the temperature map relation that the part present embodiment obtains.
Table 1 heat exchange temperature mapping table (℃)
| Sequence number | The tube side inlet temperature | The shell side inlet temperature | The tube side outlet temperature | The shell |
| 1 | 20 | 140 | 36.3 | 139.3 |
| 2 | 30 | 150 | 46.3 | 149.3 |
| 3 | 40 | 160 | 56.3 | 159.3 |
| 4 | 50 | 180 | 67.6 | 179.3 |
| 5 | 60 | 190 | 77.6 | 189.3 |
| 6 | 70 | 200 | 87.6 | 199.3 |
| 7 | 80 | 210 | 97.6 | 209.3 |
| 8 | 90 | 220 | 107.6 | 219.3 |
| 9 | 100 | 220 | 116.3 | 219.3 |
At last, by flow process shown in Figure 9, the temperature map relation of utilizing test to obtain is calculated by the iterative computation program of the utility model, the Temperature Distribution of key node in the heat interchanger that obtains.Table 2 has provided the one-period node temperature on each heat exchanger tube from top to bottom.
Table 2 heat exchanger tube node temperature (℃)
| The heat exchanger tube sequence number | Inlet temperature | The 1st baffle place temperature | The 2nd baffle place temperature | The 3rd stream plate place temperature | The 4th baffle place | Outlet temperature | |
| 1 | 20 | 31.8 | 44.5 | 55.7 | 68.5 | 77.3 | |
| 2 | 20 | 31.7 | 43.5 | 56.6 | 67.5 | 78.2 | |
| 3 | 20 | 31.7 | 44.6 | 55.5 | 68.7 | 79.7 | |
| 4 | 20 | 31.6 | 43.5 | 56.6 | 70.5 | 82.6 | |
| 5 | 20 | 31.5 | 44.8 | 55.4 | 69.2 | 79.2 | |
| 6 | 20 | 31.5 | 43.5 | 54.1 | 65.4 | 78 | |
| 7 | 20 | 31.4 | 42 | 53.3 | 66 | 77.5 | |
| 8 | 20 | 31.4 | 42.2 | 53.1 | 63.2 | 72.5 | |
| 9 | 20 | 31.3 | 44.2 | 55.9 | 68.3 | 80.1 | |
| 10 | 20 | 31.3 | 43.9 | 56.2 | 70.2 | 82.9 | |
| 11 | 20 | 31.2 | 44.2 | 55.9 | 69.5 | 78.9 | |
| 12 | 20 | 31.2 | 44 | 56.1 | 68 | 76.6 | |
| 13 | 20 | 31.1 | 44.3 | 55.8 | 68.4 | 77.4 | |
| 14 | 20 | 31 | 44 | 56.1 | 68 | 80.2 | |
| 15 | 20 | 31 | 42.4 | 55.2 | 69 | 79.4 | |
| 16 | 20 | 30.9 | 42.6 | 54.8 | 64.7 | 74.1 | |
| 17 | 20 | 30.9 | 42.6 | 54.8 | 64.7 | 74.1 | |
| 18 | 20 | 30.8 | 42.7 | 54.3 | 65.2 | 78.2 | |
| 19 | 20 | 30.8 | 42.7 | 54.5 | 65 | 73.8 | |
| 20 | 20 | 30.7 | 42.7 | 53.8 | 65.6 | 77.8 | |
| 21 | 20 | 30.7 | 42.8 | 54.1 | 65.3 | 78.2 | |
| 22 | 20 | 30.6 | 42.8 | 53.1 | 66.2 | 77.2 | |
| 23 | 20 | 30.6 | 42.9 | 53.8 | 65.6 | 77.9 | |
| 24 | 20 | 30.5 | 43 | 52.5 | 64.3 | 74.4 | |
| 25 | 20 | 30.4 | 43 | 53.4 | 63.6 | 72.8 | |
| 26 | 20 | 30.4 | 43.1 | 51.8 | 62.8 | 75.9 | |
| 27 | 20 | 30.3 | 43.1 | 53 | 64.3 | 74.4 | |
| 28 | 20 | 30.2 | 43.2 | 51.3 | 65.3 | 78.1 |
Claims (6)
1. single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation; It comprises heat exchanger tube, housing, discharge pump, fluid reservoir and import and export valve; It is characterized in that: said heat exchanger tube is the single heat exchange tube body; Said housing connects end socket and shrouding by the shell ring that comprises some shell rings, is positioned at the end, and said shell ring is taken over by pipe, shell ring end flange and bobbin upper and lower part and formed, and each shell ring connects via end flange successively; The import and export of said heat exchanger tube is connected with the tube side fluid reservoir through valve respectively; The upper connecting tube of each shell ring of said housing connects the shell side flow distributor through valve respectively, and the shell side flow distributor is connected with the shell side fluid reservoir, and the lower linking tube of each shell ring connects the mixed flow device through valve respectively, and shell side mixed flow orchestration is connected with the shell side fluid reservoir.
2. single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the housing of this device also is provided with the corrugated tube shell ring; It is arranged on the left side or the right side of housing; Said corrugated tube shell ring is arranged between the shell sections and heads, and the corrugated tube shell ring comprises corrugated tube and end flange, and the corrugated tube shell ring is connected with shell sections and heads respectively through end flange; Install a baffle plate additional between said corrugated tube and the housing shell ring, this baffle plate and said heat exchanger tube outer wall leave the gap.
3. single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the import and export place of said heat exchanger tube is equipped with temperature sensor and pressure transducer; Every joint cylindrical shell lower linking tube place of housing is equipped with temperature sensor, and said shell side flow distributor and mixed flow device position are equipped with temperature sensor and pressure transducer; The outlet valve place of shell side fluid reservoir and tube side fluid reservoir is equipped with flow sensor.
4. single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said high temperature fluid storage tank is furnished with well heater and temperature controller; Said cryogen storage tank is furnished with refrigeratory and temperature controller;
Said temperature sensor is thermocouple sensor; The equal piezoelectric pressure indicator of said pressure transducer, said valve is solenoid valve; Said flow sensor is the electronic turbine sensor.
5. single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said each temperature sensor, pressure transducer and flow sensor are connected with the respective signal input port of computer control system respectively, and the corresponding control end that said each valve connects computer control system respectively connects.
6. single tube heat exchanger tube proving installation according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said shell side fluid reservoir is the high temperature fluid storage tank, and the tube side fluid reservoir is the cryogen jar; Or the shell side fluid reservoir is the cryogen jar, and the tube side fluid reservoir is the high temperature fluid storage tank.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102261968A (en) * | 2011-06-14 | 2011-11-30 | 南京工业大学 | Method and device for predicting node temperature of shell and tube heat exchanger |
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| CN102261968B (en) * | 2011-06-14 | 2013-03-27 | 南京工业大学 | Method and device for predicting node temperature of shell and tube heat exchanger |
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| CN106501306B (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2018-12-07 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of interchangeable heat transfer device of heat-transfer pipe |
| CN108107075A (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2018-06-01 | 南华大学 | Shell-and-tube heat exchanger performance testing device and test method |
| CN109374327A (en) * | 2018-10-26 | 2019-02-22 | 武汉科技大学 | A kind of heat exchange property measuring device based on PIV system |
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