CN114540751A - Nuclear power emergency diesel generator piston ring and deposition method of lubricating main body layer on piston ring - Google Patents
Nuclear power emergency diesel generator piston ring and deposition method of lubricating main body layer on piston ring Download PDFInfo
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- CN114540751A CN114540751A CN202210197190.5A CN202210197190A CN114540751A CN 114540751 A CN114540751 A CN 114540751A CN 202210197190 A CN202210197190 A CN 202210197190A CN 114540751 A CN114540751 A CN 114540751A
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- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 228
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 24
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005477 sputtering target Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000635 electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 argon ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0605—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C14/021—Cleaning or etching treatments
- C23C14/022—Cleaning or etching treatments by means of bombardment with energetic particles or radiation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0623—Sulfides, selenides or tellurides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/16—Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/34—Sputtering
- C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention discloses a piston ring of a nuclear power emergency diesel generator and a deposition method of a lubricating main body layer on the piston ring, wherein the piston ring of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator comprises a piston ring body, a CKS coating layer arranged on the surface of the outer ring of the piston ring body and a lubricating layer arranged on the CKS coating layer; the total thickness of the lubricating layer is less than or equal to 3 mu m; the lubricating layer comprises a transition layer and a lubricating main body layer which is combined on the CKS coating layer through the transition layer; the lubricating main body layer is an amorphous carbon base layer or a molybdenum disulfide layer. According to the piston ring of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator, the lubricating layer is arranged on the CKS coating of the piston ring, so that the reliable lubrication of a piston ring/cylinder sleeve friction pair at the starting moment of the emergency diesel generator is ensured, meanwhile, the lubricating layer with the thickness less than 3 microns cannot completely cover an oil storage groove of the CKS coating, the oil storage capacity of a functional surface of the piston ring is not influenced, the lubrication of the piston ring/cylinder sleeve friction pair in the operation process of the emergency diesel generator is ensured, and the safety and the stability of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator set are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of piston ring protection, in particular to a piston ring of a nuclear power emergency diesel generator and a deposition method of a lubricating main body layer on the piston ring.
Background
The nuclear power emergency diesel generating set is an important standby power supply capable of operating independently and smoothly in a nuclear power plant and is the last safety defense line of a power supply system of the nuclear power plant. The nuclear power emergency diesel generating set must be capable of being reliably started under special conditions such as accident conditions, station blackouts or earthquakes, and provides emergency power supplies for medium and low voltage nuclear auxiliary equipment and emergency equipment required by safe shutdown of a nuclear power plant. After the standby power supply fails, the nuclear power emergency diesel generating set needs to reach a rated rotating speed and a rated voltage after 10s, has the capability of continuous full-power operation for 168h, and can normally supply power for emergency loads, and ensure safe shutdown under the accident condition. And the nuclear power emergency diesel engine carries out 1 month degree test every day and month, each refueling cycle is 18 months, the replacement cycle of the piston ring is 6 refueling cycles, namely 108 month degree tests are required to be carried out in the replacement cycle of the piston ring, and the nuclear power emergency diesel engine stably runs for a period of time each time. When the diesel generator is restarted after a long shutdown time, abnormal abrasion of a cylinder sleeve and a piston ring caused by no oil film covering on the surface of the piston ring can occur, the stable availability of the emergency diesel generator is directly influenced, the risk of directly causing the complete machine of the diesel engine to be scrapped exists, a catastrophic accident can be caused, and the safety and the reliability of the emergency power supply of the nuclear power unit are seriously threatened.
The chromium-based ceramic composite plating (CKS) is a novel layered chromium-based ceramic composite plating layer which is used for plating ceramic particles to a certain content and is distributed in a chromium layer, wherein the layered structure can effectively reduce the internal stress of the chromium layer, improve the bonding strength and the wear resistance of the chromium layer, the ceramic particles embedded in strip-shaped pores can bear higher thermal load and mechanical load, and the multi-mesh process enables the surface of a workpiece to form a plurality of spiral meshes with cut angle and micron level, so that a plurality of oil storage grooves are formed, the oil storage capacity is enhanced, and the probability of oil film interruption can be obviously reduced. However, the nuclear emergency diesel generator is in a shutdown state due to low use frequency, so that the surface of a non-groove area on a CKS plating layer on the surface of a piston ring is not covered by an oil film during emergency starting, and abnormal abrasion of a friction pair of the piston ring/a cylinder sleeve is caused. At present, a method for solving abnormal abrasion of a piston ring/cylinder sleeve friction pair during starting is to deposit a lubricating coating, and although the design can solve the problem of the piston ring/cylinder sleeve friction pair during emergency starting of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator, the oil storage guarantee capacity of a piston ring functional surface groove is still needed in the continuous full-power operation process of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator for 168 hours, so that the emergency diesel generator is guaranteed to operate reliably.
Therefore, an improved design of a piston ring surface lubrication main body layer is needed to ensure reliable lubrication of a piston ring/cylinder sleeve friction pair at the starting moment of an emergency diesel generator, and the lubrication main body layer is required not to completely cover a groove of a CKS coating.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a piston ring of a nuclear power emergency diesel generator and a deposition method of a lubricating layer on the piston ring, wherein the piston ring of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator can ensure the reliable starting of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the piston ring of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator comprises a piston ring body, a CKS coating arranged on the surface of an outer ring of the piston ring body, and a lubricating layer arranged on the CKS coating; the total thickness of the lubricating layer is less than or equal to 3 mu m;
the lubricating layer comprises a transition layer and a lubricating main body layer bonded on the CKS coating layer through the transition layer; the lubricating main body layer is an amorphous carbon base layer or a molybdenum disulfide layer.
Preferably, the lubricating body layer is doped with a lipophilic element.
Preferably, the lipophilic element comprises titanium and/or tungsten.
Preferably, the hardness of the lubricating layer is less than 14 GPa.
Preferably, the lubricating layer is formed by deposition of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique.
Preferably, the thickness of the transition layer is 0.2 μm to 0.4 μm.
Preferably, the transition layer is a mixed layer of chromium, titanium and carbon, or a mixed layer of chromium, titanium and molybdenum disulfide.
The invention also provides a deposition method of a lubricating layer on the piston ring, which comprises the following steps:
s1, depositing a transition layer on the piston ring body with the CKS plating layer, wherein the transition layer is formed on the CKS plating layer;
s2, depositing a lubrication main body layer on the transition layer by a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technology, and enabling the total thickness of the transition layer and the lubrication main body layer to be less than or equal to 3 mu m;
the method comprises the following steps of depositing a lubricating main body layer on the surface of a transition layer by taking a graphite target or a molybdenum disulfide target as a target material and argon as a working gas, wherein the lubricating main body layer is an amorphous carbon base layer or a molybdenum disulfide layer.
Preferably, in step S2, the target material further includes a titanium target and/or a tungsten carbide target, and the lubricating bulk layer is an amorphous carbon-based layer doped with titanium and/or tungsten, or a molybdenum disulfide layer doped with titanium and/or tungsten.
Preferably, step S1 is preceded by the steps of:
s0, removing stains on the piston ring body and the surface of the CKS coating, and cleaning and etching pollutants and an oxide layer on the surface of the CKS coating by using plasma bombardment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: set up the lubricating layer on the CKS cladding material of piston ring, not only guaranteed emergent diesel generator start-up in the twinkling of an eye the vice reliable lubrication of piston ring/cylinder liner friction, the lubricating layer that is less than 3 microns thickness simultaneously can not cover the oil storage slot on CKS cladding material completely, does not influence the oil storage ability of piston ring functional surface, guarantees the vice lubrication of piston ring/cylinder liner friction in emergent diesel generator operation process, promotes nuclear power emergency diesel generator set's security and stability.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view (in part) of a nuclear power emergency diesel generator piston ring according to some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic (partial) surface structure of a nuclear power emergency diesel generator piston ring according to some embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an electron micrograph of a piston ring of a nuclear power emergency diesel generator according to some embodiments of the present invention before and after a lubricating layer is provided;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing the friction coefficient curves of a piston ring obtained by the embodiment of the invention and a piston ring without a lubricating layer in an oil-free environment;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the friction coefficient curves of the piston ring obtained in the embodiment of the present invention and the piston ring without the lubricating layer in the lean lubrication environment.
Detailed Description
For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the piston ring of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator of the invention comprises a piston ring body 10, a CKS plating layer 20 arranged on the outer ring surface of the piston ring body 10, and a lubricating layer arranged on the CKS plating layer 20.
On the piston ring body 10, a CKS plating layer (chromium-based ceramic composite plating layer) 20 is provided on the outer ring surface thereof to form a functional surface of the piston ring. The functional surface is provided with a spiral reticulate pattern, an oil storage groove 100 of the piston ring is formed, and the oil storage capacity of the piston ring is enhanced.
The lubrication layer is covered and combined on the CKS coating layer 20 and is a structural layer with excellent running-in, lubricating and wear-resisting properties, and the running-in, lubricating and wear-resisting properties of the functional surface of the piston ring are correspondingly improved. Considering the depth of the oil storage groove 100 on the CKS plating layer 20, etc., the total thickness of the lubricating layer is less than or equal to 3 μm, so as to ensure that the oil storage groove 100 is not filled by the arrangement of the lubricating layer, and ensure that the oil storage groove 100 can have effective oil storage capacity.
The hardness of the lubricating layer is less than 14GPa, so that the lubricating layer has excellent running-in performance at the starting moment of the diesel generating set.
An electron micrograph of the functional surface of the piston ring of the present invention is shown in fig. 3. In fig. 3, (a) is a schematic view of a functional surface of a piston ring before a lubricating layer is provided, and (b) is a schematic view after the lubricating layer is provided on the functional surface. As can be seen from comparison of (a) and (b), after the lubricating layer is coated, the functional surface of the piston ring still has an oil storage groove, so that the oil storage capacity is still provided.
Specifically, as also shown in fig. 1 and 2, the lubricating layer includes a transition layer 30 and a lubricating bulk layer 40 disposed in sequence on the CKS plating layer 20. The transition layer 30 serves to enhance the bonding force and the lubricating bulk layer 40 is bonded to the CKS plating layer 20 through the transition layer 30. Among them, the thickness of the transition layer 30 is preferably 0.2 μm to 0.4. mu.m.
In some embodiments, the lubricating body layer 40 is an amorphous carbon-based layer. Correspondingly, the transition layer 30 between the lubricating body layer 40 and the CKS plating layer 20 may be a mixed layer of chromium, titanium, and carbon.
In other embodiments, the lubricating body layer 40 is a molybdenum disulfide layer. Correspondingly, the transition layer 30 between the lubricating body layer 40 and the CKS plating layer 20 may be a mixed layer of chromium, titanium, and molybdenum disulfide.
Further, in order to increase the oleophilic property of the lubricating layer, an oleophilic element may be doped in the lubricating main body layer 40; the lipophilic element includes titanium and/or tungsten, etc. The mass percentage of the lipophilic elements in the lubricating main body layer 40 is as follows: it can be 4-8% for titanium and 3-5% for tungsten. Through the oleophylic characteristic that increases the lubricant film, do not influence the oil storage ability of piston ring functional surface, guarantee the vice lubrication of piston ring/cylinder liner friction in emergent diesel generator operation process, promote emergent diesel generator's of nuclear power security and stability.
In the piston ring of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator, the transition layer 30 and the lubricating main body layer 40 are respectively formed by deposition through a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technology.
Further, the deposition method of the lubricating layer on the piston ring provided by the invention realizes the arrangement of the lubricating layer in the piston ring of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator. With reference to fig. 1-3, the method for depositing a lubricating layer on a piston ring according to the present invention may comprise, in some embodiments, the steps of:
s0, preparing in advance a piston ring body 10 having a CKS plating layer 20, wherein the CKS plating layer 20 is located on the outer ring surface of the piston ring body 10 and serves as a functional surface of the piston ring. Removing stains on the surfaces of the piston ring body 10 and the CKS coating 20, and cleaning and etching pollutants and oxide layers on the surface of the CKS coating 20 by using plasma (such as argon ions) bombardment.
After the above cleaning is completed, an activation process such as applying a bias under a predetermined vacuum and atmosphere is also performed.
S1, depositing a transition layer 30 on the piston ring body 10 with the CKS plating layer 20, wherein the transition layer 30 is formed on the CKS plating layer 20.
Wherein the transition layer 30 is deposited on the CKS plating layer 20 by a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique.
And selecting corresponding target materials, such as a chromium target, a titanium target, a carbon target, a molybdenum disulfide target and the like according to the material of the transition layer 30, wherein the purity of each target material is required to be more than 99%.
S2, depositing the lubrication main body layer 40 on the transition layer 30 through a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technology, and enabling the total thickness of the transition layer 30 and the lubrication main body layer 40 to be less than or equal to 3 mu m.
Wherein, graphite target or molybdenum disulfide target is used as target material, argon gas is used as working gas, a lubricating main body layer 40 is deposited on the surface of the transition layer 30, and the lubricating main body layer 40 is an amorphous carbon base layer or molybdenum disulfide layer.
According to the requirement, the target material also comprises a titanium target and/or a tungsten carbide target, so that the deposited lubricating main body layer 40 is an amorphous carbon base layer doped with titanium and/or tungsten or a molybdenum disulfide layer doped with titanium and/or tungsten. The purity of each target material is required to be more than 99%.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples.
Example 1
The hardness of the piston ring body coated with the CKS coating is HV1000 +/-50. The total thickness of the lubricating layer on the surface of the piston ring is controlled to be 2.2-2.4 mu m, wherein the thickness of the transition layer is 0.4 mu m, and the thickness of the lubricating main body layer is 1.8-2.0 mu m.
The adopted equipment is a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system which is characterized in that a graphite target with the purity of 99.9 percent, a chromium target with the purity of 99.5 percent, a graphite target with the purity of 99.9 percent and a titanium target with the purity of 99.5 percent are sequentially arranged on the periphery of a vacuum cavity, and the size of a sputtering target material is 400mm multiplied by 165mm multiplied by 10 mm.
The deposition method of the lubricating layer on the surface of the piston ring comprises the following steps:
s1 plasma bombardment cleaning and activating
The cleaned piston ring body to be plated is placed in a vacuum chamber of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system and is pre-vacuumized to 2 multiplied by 10-3Introducing argon under Pa to make the air pressure in the vacuum chamber be 0.6 Pa-0.7 Pa, applying a bias voltage of-1000V to generate plasma glow on the surface of the piston ring body, and performing surface cleaning and activating treatment for 1200 seconds.
S2, depositing a transition layer
Depositing a transition layer on the surface of a CKS coating of a piston ring body by utilizing graphite targets and chromium targets arranged around a vacuum cavity of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system: introducing argon to ensure that the air pressure in the vacuum chamber is 0.3Pa, applying bias voltage to the piston ring body to be-100V, sputtering current of the chromium target to be 4.0A, and depositing a chromium layer with the thickness of 0.2 mu m on the surface of the CKS coating; then gradually increasing the graphite target sputtering current to 3.5A (synchronously opening the two blocks) within 800 seconds, gradually increasing the titanium target sputtering current to 0.5A, simultaneously gradually reducing the chromium target sputtering current to 0A, and depositing a mixed layer of metal chromium, titanium and carbon with the thickness of 0.2 mu m.
S3, depositing Ti-doped amorphous carbon layer
Depositing a titanium-doped amorphous carbon layer by utilizing graphite targets and titanium targets arranged around a vacuum cavity of a closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system: argon is introduced to ensure that the air pressure in the vacuum chamber is 0.2 Pa-0.3 Pa, a bias voltage of-70V is applied to the piston ring body, the sputtering current of the titanium target is 0.5A, the sputtering current of the graphite target is 3.5A (the two blocks are synchronously opened), and a titanium-doped amorphous carbon layer with the thickness of 1.8 mu m-2.0 mu m is deposited on the surface of the transition layer, wherein the titanium content in the titanium-doped amorphous carbon layer is controlled between 6% and 8%. Finally obtaining a lubricating layer (Ti-DLC) with the thickness of 2.2-2.4 mu m on the surface of the piston ring.
Example 2
The hardness of the piston ring body coated with the CKS coating is HV1000 +/-50. The total thickness of the lubricating layer on the surface of the piston ring is controlled to be 2.6-2.8 mu m, wherein the thickness of the transition layer is 0.4 mu m, and the thickness of the lubricating main body layer is 2.2-2.4 mu m and is a tungsten-doped amorphous carbon layer.
The adopted equipment is a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system which is provided with a graphite target with the purity of 99.9 percent, a chromium target with the purity of 99.5 percent, a graphite target with the purity of 99.9 percent and a tungsten carbide target with the purity of 99.5 percent in sequence around a vacuum cavity, and the size of a sputtering target material is 400mm multiplied by 165mm multiplied by 10 mm.
The deposition method of the lubricating layer on the surface of the piston ring comprises the following steps:
s1 plasma bombardment cleaning and activating
The cleaned piston ring body to be plated is placed in a vacuum chamber of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system and is pre-vacuumized to 2 multiplied by 10-3Introducing argon gas under Pa to make the pressure in the vacuum chamber be 0.6-0.7 Pa, and applying a bias of-1000VPressing the piston ring body surface to generate plasma glow for surface cleaning and activating treatment for 1200 seconds.
S2, depositing a transition layer
Depositing a transition layer on the surface of a CKS coating of a piston ring body by utilizing graphite targets and chromium targets arranged around a vacuum cavity of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system: introducing argon to ensure that the air pressure in the vacuum chamber is 0.3Pa, applying bias voltage to the piston ring body to be-100V, sputtering current of the chromium target to be 4.0A, and depositing a chromium layer with the thickness of 0.2 mu m on the surface of the CKS coating; then gradually increasing the sputtering current of the graphite target to 3.5A (synchronously opening the two blocks) within 800 seconds, gradually increasing the sputtering current of the tungsten carbide target to 0.4A, simultaneously gradually reducing the sputtering current of the chromium target to 0A, and depositing a mixed layer of metal chromium, tungsten and carbon with the thickness of 0.2 mu m.
S3 deposition of tungsten doped amorphous carbon layer
Depositing a tungsten-doped amorphous carbon layer by utilizing graphite targets and tungsten carbide targets arranged around a vacuum cavity of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system: argon is introduced to ensure that the air pressure in a vacuum chamber is 0.2 Pa-0.3 Pa, a-70V bias voltage is applied to the piston ring body, the sputtering current of the tungsten carbide target is 0.4A, the sputtering current of the high-purity graphite target is 3.5A (the two blocks are synchronously opened), and a tungsten-doped amorphous carbon layer with the thickness of 2.2 mu m-2.4 mu m is deposited on the surface of the transition layer, wherein the tungsten content in the tungsten-doped amorphous carbon layer is controlled between 3 percent and 5 percent. Finally obtaining a lubricating layer (W-DLC) with the thickness of 2.4-2.8 mu m on the surface of the piston ring.
Example 3
The hardness of the piston ring body coated with the CKS coating is HV1000 +/-50. The total thickness of the lubricating layer on the surface of the piston ring is controlled to be 1.6-1.8 mu m, wherein the thickness of the transition layer is 0.2 mu m, and the thickness of the lubricating main body layer is 1.4-1.6 mu m.
The adopted equipment is a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system which is formed by sequentially installing a molybdenum disulfide target with the purity of 99.8 percent, a chromium target with the purity of 99.5 percent, a molybdenum disulfide target with the purity of 99.8 percent and a titanium target with the purity of 99.8 percent on the periphery of a vacuum cavity, wherein the size of a sputtering target material is 400mm multiplied by 165mm multiplied by 10 mm.
The deposition method of the lubricating layer on the surface of the piston ring comprises the following steps:
s1 plasma bombardment cleaning and activating
The cleaned piston ring body to be plated is placed in a vacuum chamber of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system and is pre-vacuumized to 2 multiplied by 10-3Introducing argon under Pa to make the air pressure in the vacuum chamber be 0.6-0.7 Pa, and applying-1000V bias voltage to generate plasma glow on the surface of the piston ring body for surface cleaning and activating treatment for 1200 seconds.
S2, depositing a transition layer
Depositing a transition layer on the surface of the piston ring body by utilizing a molybdenum disulfide target, a chromium target and a titanium target which are arranged around a vacuum cavity of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system: introducing argon to ensure that the air pressure in the vacuum chamber is 0.3Pa, applying bias voltage to the piston ring body to be-70V, and depositing a chromium layer with the thickness of 0.1 mu m on the surface of the piston ring body by sputtering current of a chromium target of 4.0A; then gradually increasing the sputtering current of the molybdenum disulfide target to 0.85A (the two blocks are synchronously opened) within 300 seconds, gradually increasing the sputtering current of the titanium target to 0.3A, simultaneously gradually reducing the sputtering current of the chromium target to 0A, applying a bias voltage of-50V to the piston ring body, and depositing a mixed layer of metal chromium, titanium and molybdenum disulfide with the thickness of 0.1 mu m.
S3 deposition of titanium-doped molybdenum disulfide layer
Depositing a titanium-doped molybdenum disulfide layer by utilizing molybdenum disulfide targets and titanium targets which are arranged around a vacuum cavity of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system: argon is introduced to ensure that the air pressure in the vacuum chamber is 0.2 Pa-0.3 Pa, a negative 40V bias voltage is applied to the piston ring body, the sputtering current of the titanium target is 0.3A, the sputtering current of the molybdenum disulfide target is 0.85A (the two blocks are synchronously opened), and a titanium-doped molybdenum disulfide layer with the thickness of 1.4 mu m-1.6 mu m is deposited on the surface of the transition layer, wherein the titanium content in the titanium-doped molybdenum disulfide layer is controlled between 4 percent and 5 percent. Finally obtaining a lubricating layer (Ti-MoS) with the thickness of 1.6-1.8 mu m on the surface of the piston ring2)。
Example 4
The hardness of the piston ring body coated with the CKS coating is HV1000 +/-50. The total thickness of the lubricating layer on the surface of the piston ring is controlled to be 1.6-1.8 mu m, wherein the thickness of the transition layer is 0.2 mu m, and the thickness of the lubricating main body layer is 1.4-1.6 mu m.
The adopted equipment is a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system which is formed by sequentially installing a molybdenum disulfide target with the purity of 99.8 percent, a chromium target with the purity of 99.5 percent, a molybdenum disulfide target with the purity of 99.8 percent and a tungsten carbide target with the purity of 99.8 percent on the periphery of a vacuum cavity, wherein the size of a sputtering target material is 400mm multiplied by 165mm multiplied by 10 mm.
The deposition method of the lubricating layer on the surface of the piston ring comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning and activating by plasma bombardment
The cleaned piston ring body to be plated is placed in a vacuum chamber of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system and is pre-vacuumized to 2 multiplied by 10-3Introducing argon under Pa to enable the air pressure in the vacuum chamber to be 0.6 Pa-0.7 Pa, and applying a bias voltage of-1000V to enable the surface of the piston ring body to generate plasma glow for surface cleaning and activating treatment for 1200 seconds.
S2, depositing a transition layer
Depositing a transition layer on the surface of a piston ring by utilizing a molybdenum disulfide target, a chromium target and a tungsten carbide target which are arranged around a vacuum cavity of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system: introducing argon to enable the air pressure in the vacuum chamber to be 0.3Pa, applying-70V bias voltage to the piston ring body, and depositing a chromium layer with the thickness of 0.1 mu m on the surface of the piston ring body by sputtering current of a chromium target of 4.0A; then gradually increasing the sputtering current of the molybdenum disulfide target to 0.85A (the two blocks are synchronously opened) within 300 seconds, gradually increasing the sputtering current of the tungsten carbide target to 0.4A, simultaneously gradually reducing the sputtering current of the chromium target to 0A, applying a bias voltage of-50V to the piston ring body, and depositing a mixed layer of 0.1 mu m of chromium, tungsten carbide and molybdenum disulfide.
S3 deposition of tungsten-doped molybdenum disulfide layer
Depositing a tungsten-doped molybdenum disulfide layer by utilizing molybdenum disulfide targets and tungsten carbide targets which are arranged around a vacuum cavity of a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering deposition system: argon is introduced to ensure that the air pressure in the vacuum chamber is 0.2-0.3 Pa, bias voltage is applied to the piston ring body to be-40V, the sputtering current of the tungsten carbide target is 0.4A, the sputtering current of the molybdenum disulfide target is 0.85A (the two blocks are synchronously opened), and a tungsten-doped molybdenum disulfide layer with the thickness of 1.4-1.6 mu m is deposited on the surface of the transition layer, wherein the tungsten-doped molybdenum disulfide layer is formed by depositing the tungsten-doped molybdenum disulfide layerThe content of tungsten in the medium tungsten-doped molybdenum disulfide layer is controlled to be between 3 and 4 percent. Finally obtaining a lubricating layer (W-MoS) with the thickness of 1.6-1.8 mu m on the surface of the piston ring2)。
The surface of the piston ring prepared in the above examples 1 to 4 was glossy and had a dense structure. The results of the thickness, hardness and coefficient of friction tests of the lubricating layer of the piston rings having no lubricating layer (having only the CKS plating layer) as comparative examples and the piston rings having the lubricating layer as examples 1 to 4 are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
Note: the thickness of the lubricating layer is tested by adopting a ball pit method; the hardness of the lubricating layer was tested in accordance with GB/T25898-2010.
The friction coefficient test adopts a contact mode of a piston ring and a cylinder sleeve, wherein the cylinder sleeve is made of boron cast iron. And (3) testing the friction coefficient in an oil-free lubricating environment under the following conditions: the load is 100N, the experimental stroke is 2mm, the frequency is 30Hz, the test time is 60min, and the test temperature is 25 ℃. And (3) testing the friction coefficient in a lean oil lubrication environment under the conditions of: before the test, 0.1ml of lubricating oil is added dropwise, the load is 300N, the experimental stroke is 2mm, the frequency is 30Hz, the test time is 120min, and the test temperature is 170 ℃.
The graphs of the friction coefficients of the piston rings having the lubricating layer in the comparative examples and examples 1 to 4 with respect to time under oil-free lubrication and lean lubrication environments are shown in fig. 4 and 5, respectively, with the piston ring having only the CKS plating layer as the comparative example.
As can be seen from comparison in fig. 4, the friction coefficient of the piston ring of the comparative example was higher than those of examples 1 to 4 in the oil-free lubrication environment, and the friction coefficient of the piston ring of the comparative example increased with time and was always maintained in a high range. The friction coefficients of examples 1 to 4 were much lower than those of comparative examples, and the friction coefficients were substantially stable with time, and were maintained in a lower range.
As can be seen from comparison in fig. 5, the friction coefficient of the piston ring of the comparative example was higher than those of examples 1 to 4 in the lean lubrication environment, and the friction coefficient of the piston ring of the comparative example varied greatly with time and was almost in the rising condition. The friction coefficients of examples 1 to 4 were lower than those of comparative examples, and the friction coefficients were substantially stable with time and were maintained in a lower range.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes performed by the present specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The nuclear power emergency diesel generator piston ring is characterized by comprising a piston ring body, a CKS coating layer arranged on the surface of an outer ring of the piston ring body, and a lubricating layer arranged on the CKS coating layer; the total thickness of the lubricating layer is less than or equal to 3 mu m;
the lubricating layer comprises a transition layer and a lubricating main body layer bonded on the CKS coating layer through the transition layer; the lubricating main body layer is an amorphous carbon base layer or a molybdenum disulfide layer.
2. The piston ring for a nuclear power emergency diesel generator according to claim 1, characterized in that said lubricating body layer is doped with a lipophilic element.
3. The piston ring of claim 2, wherein said lipophilic element comprises titanium and/or tungsten.
4. The piston ring of claim 1, wherein the hardness of the lubricating layer is less than 14 GPa.
5. The piston ring of claim 1, wherein the lubricating layer is deposited by a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technique.
6. The piston ring of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the transition layer is 0.2 μm to 0.4 μm.
7. The piston ring of the nuclear power emergency diesel generator according to claim 1, wherein the transition layer is a mixed layer of chromium, titanium and carbon, or a mixed layer of chromium, titanium and molybdenum disulfide.
8. A method of depositing a lubricant layer on a piston ring, comprising the steps of:
s1, depositing a transition layer on the piston ring body with the CKS plating layer, wherein the transition layer is formed on the CKS plating layer;
s2, depositing a lubrication main body layer on the transition layer by a closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering technology, and enabling the total thickness of the transition layer and the lubrication main body layer to be less than or equal to 3 mu m;
the method comprises the following steps of depositing a lubricating main body layer on the surface of a transition layer by taking a graphite target or a molybdenum disulfide target as a target material and argon as a working gas, wherein the lubricating main body layer is an amorphous carbon base layer or a molybdenum disulfide layer.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step S2, the target material further comprises a titanium target and/or a tungsten carbide target, and the lubrication bulk layer is an amorphous carbon-based layer doped with titanium and/or tungsten or a molybdenum disulfide layer doped with titanium and/or tungsten.
10. The method for depositing a lubricating layer on a piston ring as set forth in claim 8, wherein step S1 is preceded by the steps of:
s0, removing stains on the piston ring body and the surface of the CKS coating, and cleaning and etching pollutants and an oxide layer on the surface of the CKS coating by using plasma bombardment.
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