CN114540639B - Impurity removing method for zinc metallurgy leaching solution by ammonia method - Google Patents

Impurity removing method for zinc metallurgy leaching solution by ammonia method Download PDF

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CN114540639B
CN114540639B CN202210212468.1A CN202210212468A CN114540639B CN 114540639 B CN114540639 B CN 114540639B CN 202210212468 A CN202210212468 A CN 202210212468A CN 114540639 B CN114540639 B CN 114540639B
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zinc
leaching solution
powder
zinc powder
ammonia
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CN114540639A (en
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吴春晗
郝先东
张栋
张露
张海啸
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Ningxia Dinghui Technology Co ltd
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Ningxia Dinghui Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/20Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
    • C22B19/26Refining solutions containing zinc values, e.g. obtained by leaching zinc ores
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

The invention provides a method for removing impurities from an ammonia zinc smelting leaching solution, which comprises the following steps: heating the leaching solution, adding active carbon, stirring, and filtering to obtain filtrate; and adding a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon into the filtrate, stirring until the reaction is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and respectively collecting an filtered material and a filtered liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc powder, the graphite powder and the active carbon is (4.5-5.5): (3.5-4.2): 1. Compared with the existing zinc powder replacement impurity removal mode, the zinc powder addition amount of the method is greatly reduced, and the production cost is reduced; the graphite powder increases the reaction contact area, accelerates the chemical reaction speed and can greatly improve the zinc powder utilization rate.

Description

Impurity removing method for zinc metallurgy leaching solution by ammonia method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of zinc hydrometallurgy, in particular to a method for removing impurities from leaching liquid of zinc hydrometallurgy by an ammonia method.
Background
Zinc, an important nonferrous metal, has an irreplaceable role in the modern industry. The current method for smelting metallic zinc comprises two modes of a pyrogenic process and a wet process. As one of zinc hydrometallurgy, ammonia zinc hydrometallurgy has the advantages of no exhaust gas, wide available raw material sources and wide application prospect.
Currently, zinc (Zn-NH) is refined by ammonia process 3 -NH 4 Cl-H 2 O) purifying and removing impurities from the leaching solution, namely adding zinc powder to enable the zinc powder to carry out displacement reaction with impurities such as lead, cadmium, iron and the like in the leaching solution, and removing the impurities after the impurity reaction is simple substances. However, because the specific surface area of the zinc powder is limited, the zinc powder which participates in the chemical reaction only has one layer on the surface, and meanwhile, the replaced impurity elements can be deposited on the surface of the zinc powder to wrap zinc powder particles, so that the further reaction of the zinc powder in the interior is prevented, and the zinc powder is low in utilization rate and reaction efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve one or more of the problems occurring in the prior art, in view of the disadvantages of the prior art. For example, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a purifying and impurity removing method which can effectively reduce the use amount of zinc powder and reduce the production cost.
The invention provides a method for removing impurities from an ammonia zinc smelting leaching solution, which comprises the following steps: heating the leaching solution, adding active carbon, stirring, and filtering to obtain filtrate; adding a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon into the filtrate, stirring until the reaction is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and respectively collecting a filtered material and a filtered liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc powder, the graphite powder and the active carbon is (4.5-5.5) to (3.5-4.2) to 1.
The main principle of the invention is that zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon are added, the zinc powder, the graphite powder and the active carbon collide in a solution and are mutually combined to form a primary cell, when impurity elements are mutually contacted with the graphite powder and the active carbon, the mutual charges are carried out after agglomeration, meanwhile, electrons are lost on the surfaces of zinc powder particles, the electrons are transferred to the impurity elements contacted with the surfaces of the graphite powder and the active carbon through the zinc powder particles, the graphite powder particles and the active carbon particles, the impurity elements are changed into impurity ions after the electrons are obtained, the impurity ions are reduced into metal simple substances by zinc and adsorbed on the surfaces of the graphite powder, and through the reaction process, the reaction contact area of the zinc powder and the impurity elements is increased, and the chemical reaction speed is accelerated; and the zinc powder is prevented from being coated after the replaced impurity elements are deposited on the surface of the zinc powder, the utilization rate of the zinc powder is increased, the use amount of the zinc powder is effectively reduced, and the production cost is obviously reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that at least one of the following components is contained:
(1) The method of the invention utilizes the mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon to treat the leaching solution, does not introduce new impurities, is easy to realize solid-liquid separation, has faster reaction rate and obvious purification effect, and can reduce the impurity concentration in the leaching solution to 10 -2 g/L or less;
(2) Compared with the existing method of removing impurities by replacing zinc powder only, the method of the invention greatly reduces the use amount of zinc powder and reduces the production cost; the graphite powder and the activated carbon increase the reaction contact area, quicken the chemical reaction speed and greatly improve the zinc powder utilization rate;
(3) The method of the invention changes the impurity element into the simple substance element to be deposited on the surface of the zinc powder-graphite powder-active carbon mixture through the displacement reaction of the impurity element and the zinc, and then carries out solid-liquid separation in a filtering mode, thereby having the advantages of high reaction speed, good purifying effect and the like, being capable of carrying out deep purification on the leaching liquid, being a high-efficiency and low-cost impurity removal purifying process, and having better industrial use value and application value.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the method of removing impurities from an ammonia zinc hydrometallurgy leachate according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to exemplary embodiments.
The invention provides a method for removing impurities from zinc hydrometallurgy leaching solution by an ammonia method. In one exemplary embodiment of the ammonia process zinc metallurgy leach solution impurity removal method of the present invention, the method may include the steps of:
s01, heating the leaching solution, adding active carbon, stirring, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
s02, adding a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon into the filtrate, stirring until the reaction is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and respectively collecting filtrate and filtrate, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc powder, the graphite powder and the active carbon is (4.5-5.5): (3.5-4.2): 1. Wherein the impurities are replaced by zinc powder to form a filtrate.
Further, the ammonia zinc metallurgy leaching solution can be low ammonia zinc metallurgy leaching solution (ZnCl) 2 -NH 4 Cl-H 2 O) or leaching solution (Zn-NH) of high ammonia zinc metallurgy 3 -NH 4 Cl-H 2 O). The zinc smelting leaching solution with the low ammonia method is the zinc smelting leaching solution with the pH value less than or equal to 7; the zinc smelting leaching solution with the high ammonia method is the zinc smelting leaching solution with the pH value more than 7.
Further, in step S01, activated carbon is added to adsorb suspended particles such as organic additives that fail and do not participate in the reaction after a small amount of electrodeposition in the ammonia zinc metallurgy process, for example, bone glue added in the electrodeposition process. The addition of the activated carbon can make the solution clearer, avoid the adsorption of the zinc powder and graphite powder mixture by suspended particles, and reduce the use efficiency of the zinc powder. The amount of activated carbon added can be determined depending on the additive remaining in the leachate. The activated carbon filtered in step S01 may be dried, ground, and used for next adsorption to realize recycling.
Further, in step S01, the amount of activated carbon added is 1g to 2g per liter of the leachate, and may be, for example, 1.5g/L of the leachate. Under the condition of adding the active carbon in the range, the adsorption effect of the active carbon can be optimized while the use of the active carbon is saved.
Further, in step S01, the purpose of heating the leaching solution can make the adsorption effect of the activated carbon better, and the suspended particles are removed more thoroughly. For example, the heating temperature may be 50℃to 80℃and the heating time may be 50 minutes to 70 minutes. For example, the heating temperature may be 55℃and the heating time may be 60 minutes. Of course, the heating temperature and heating time herein are not limited thereto, and suspended particles can be removed under heating.
Further, the zinc content in the leaching solution can be 30 g/L-70 g/L, the lead content can be 0.01 g/L-1 g/L, the cadmium content can be 0.001 g/L-0.5 g/L, the copper content can be 0.001 g/L-0.5 g/L, and the iron content can be 0.0001 g/L-0.1 g/L. For the zinc smelting leaching solution (pH > 7) by the high ammonia method, the zinc content can be 40g/L to 70g/L, the lead content can be 0.01g/L to 1g/L, the cadmium content can be 0.001g/L to 0.5g/L, the copper content can be 0.001g/L to 0.5g/L, and the iron content can be 0.0001g/L to 0.01g/L. For example, the zinc content in the high ammonia process zinc metallurgy leach solution may be 60g/L, the lead content may be 0.05g/L, the cadmium content may be 0.25g/L, the copper content may be 0.35g/L, and the iron content may be 0.005g/L. For zinc smelting leaching liquid (pH is less than or equal to 7) by a low ammonia method, the zinc content can be 30g/L to 40g/L, the lead content can be 0.01g/L to 0.4g/L, the cadmium content can be 0.01g/L to 0.4g/L, the copper content can be 0.01g/L to 0.4g/L, and the iron content can be 0.01g/L to 0.1g/L. For example, in a low ammonia zinc metallurgy leach solution, the zinc content may be 35g/L, the lead content may be 0.15g/L, the cadmium content may be 0.32 g/L, the copper content may be 0.27g/L, and the iron content may be 0.07g/L.
Further, the graphite powder can be obtained by grinding and crushing a graphite anode plate crushed in an electro-deposition process in the ammonia zinc metallurgy. The zinc powder can be from dust-removing zinc powder produced by a pulverizer in the production process. The graphite powder and the zinc powder from the sources can further reduce the production cost, and the raw materials are easy to obtain. Of course, the zinc powder and the graphite powder of the present invention are not limited thereto, and commercially available zinc powder and graphite powder may be used.
Further, in the impurity removal process, the proportion of zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon is particularly critical to the impurity removal effect. Under the condition that the mass ratio of zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon is (4.5-5.5): (3.5-4.2): 1, the synergistic impurity removal effect of the zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon is better, and the impurity content in the leaching liquid can be reduced to the minimum. For the mass ratio of zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon, if the proportion of the graphite powder to the active carbon is small, the collision probability of the graphite powder, the active carbon and the zinc powder is reduced, and the purifying effect is poor; if the occupation ratio of the graphite powder to the activated carbon is large, the impurity removal cost is increased, but the corresponding impurity removal effect is not improved along with the increase of the graphite powder and the activated carbon. Preferably, the mass ratio of zinc powder to graphite powder to activated carbon is 5:4:1. At this time, the reaction efficiency and the impurity removal effect can be improved to the maximum extent on the premise of the least zinc powder consumption.
Further, the activated carbon used in step S01 may have a particle size of 200 mesh or less. For example, the particle size may be 150 mesh.
Further, the amount of zinc powder added is related to the quality of impurities contained in the leachate. Specifically, if the impurity ions of the leaching solution are not higher than 0.05g/L, the addition amount of the zinc powder is 4-5 times of the mass required by the theory that the zinc powder replaces impurities in the leaching solution; if the impurity ions of the leaching solution are higher than 0.05g/L, the adding amount of the zinc powder is 2-3 times of the mass required by the theory of the impurities in the leaching solution, and the zinc powder is mainly used for saving the using amount of the zinc powder if the impurity content in the leaching solution is high, the corresponding theoretical adding amount of the zinc powder is larger, so that the probability of collision with the impurity ions is more, and the adding amount is smaller than that of the theoretical zinc powder when the adding amount is not higher than 0.05g/L relative to the impurity content.
Further, the average particle size of the mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon may be 120 mesh to 180 mesh. For example, the average particle size of the zinc powder and graphite powder mixture may be 150 mesh.
Further, in the step of collecting the filtrate and the filtrate, the stirring speed is 300r/min to 600r/min. For example, the stirring speed is 400r/min.
Further, the filtrate heating temperature may be 50 to 80 ℃, for example, the filtrate heating temperature may be 75 ℃.
For a better understanding of the present invention, the content of the present invention is further elucidated below in connection with the specific examples, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the examples below.
Example 1
The method for removing impurities from the leaching solution of the zinc metallurgy by an ammonia method comprises the following steps:
a. heating 2.5L of leaching solution to 55deg.C, adding 5g of active carbon, stirring for 1 hr, filtering, and collecting liquid.
b. Heating the liquid obtained in the step a in a water bath at 55 ℃, and simultaneously adding 1.08g of zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon mixture with the mass ratio of 5:4:1 into the liquid, and stirring the mixture for 1 hour.
c. And b, after the liquid reaction is finished, filtering, respectively collecting purified liquid and purified solid, and detecting the impurity concentration in the purified liquid.
The low-ammonia electro-deposition leaching solution for removing impurities which needs to be purified is from a high-ammonia leaching solution of a zinc smelting plant, wherein the water quality components in the leaching solution are as follows: 57.67g/L, pb:0.21g/L, cd:0.05g/L, cu:0.003g/L, fe:0.019g/L.
After the treatment by the method, the detection result is as follows: pb:0.0048g/L, cd:0.0016g/L, cu: 0.0001g/L, fe:0.0097g/L.
Example 2
Other impurity removal conditions were the same as in example 1 except that the mass ratio of zinc powder, graphite powder to activated carbon was 5.5:3.5:1.
Example 3
Other impurity removal conditions were the same as in example 1 except that the mass ratio of zinc powder, graphite powder to activated carbon was 5.5:4.2:1.
Example 4
Other impurity removal conditions were the same as in example 1 except that the mass ratio of zinc powder, graphite powder to activated carbon was 4.5:3.5:1.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, graphite powder and activated carbon were not added, and the amount of zinc powder added was 0.54g, as compared with example 1.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 1, the comparative example is not added with active carbon, the mass ratio of zinc powder to graphite powder is 5:4, and other impurity removal conditions are the same.
Comparative example 3
Other impurity removal conditions were the same as in example 1 except that the mass ratio of zinc powder, graphite powder to activated carbon was 4.5:3:1.
Comparative example 4
Other impurity removal conditions were the same as in example 1 except that the mass ratio of zinc powder, graphite powder to activated carbon was 4.5:5:1.
The impurity detection results after the purification and impurity removal of the above examples 1 to 4, and comparative examples 1 to 4 are as follows:
TABLE 1 impurity detection results
From the data in the above table, it can be found that, in comparative examples 1 to 4, when the mass ratio of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon is 5:4:1, the effect of removing impurities is best, and the concentration of impurities contained in the filtrate after purification of impurities is the lowest.
Comparative examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1, in which graphite powder and activated carbon were not used, the impurity concentration in the purified filtrate was much higher than that after adding graphite powder and activated carbon, and the impurity removal effect was poor.
Comparative examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1, in which activated carbon was not used, the impurity removing effect was significantly inferior to that of the activated carbon.
The comparative examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 3 to 4 show that when the mass ratio of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon is (4.5 to 5.5): (3.5 to 4.2): 1, the impurity removal effect is significantly better than the mass ratio of other zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon.
Although the present invention has been described above by way of the combination of the exemplary embodiments, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The method for removing impurities from the leaching solution of the zinc metallurgy by an ammonia method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s01, heating the leaching solution, adding active carbon, stirring, and filtering to obtain filtrate;
s02, adding a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon into the filtrate, stirring until the reaction is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, and respectively collecting filtrate and filtrate, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc powder, the graphite powder and the active carbon is (4.5-5.5): (3.5-4.2): 1.
2. The method for removing impurities from the leaching solution of the ammonia zinc metallurgy according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of zinc powder to graphite powder to active carbon is 5:4:1.
3. The method for removing impurities from an ammonia zinc hydrometallurgy leaching solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S01, the addition amount of activated carbon is 1 g-2 g per liter of leaching solution.
4. The method for removing impurities from an ammonia zinc metallurgy leaching solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein if the concentration of impurity ions in the leaching solution is not more than 0.05g/L, the addition amount of zinc powder is 4-5 times the mass required by the theory of replacing impurities in the leaching solution by zinc powder; if the impurity ions in the leaching solution are more than 0.05g/L, the addition amount of the zinc powder is 2-3 times of the mass required by the theory that the zinc powder replaces the impurities in the leaching solution.
5. The method for removing impurities from an ammonia zinc-smelting leaching solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the zinc content in the leaching solution is 30g/L to 70g/L, the lead content is 0.01g/L to 1g/L, the cadmium content is 0.001g/L to 0.5g/L, the copper content is 0.001g/L to 0.5g/L, and the iron content is 0.0001g/L to 0.1g/L.
6. The method for removing impurities from an ammonia zinc metallurgy leaching solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating temperature of the leaching solution is 50 ℃ to 80 ℃, and the temperature of the filtrate when a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon is added to the filtrate is 50 ℃ to 80 ℃.
7. The method for removing impurities from an ammonia zinc metallurgy leaching solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the average particle size of a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon is 120-180 meshes.
8. The method for removing impurities from an ammonia zinc hydrometallurgy leaching solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S02, the stirring speed is 300r/min to 600r/min.
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2459899A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2003-03-20 Intec Ltd Zinc recovery process
CN101928827A (en) * 2010-08-31 2010-12-29 湖南子廷有色金属有限公司 Method for removing impurities and refining zinc from zinc ammine complex
CN103145221A (en) * 2011-12-06 2013-06-12 刘洪群 Fine electrolytic mixture
CN106929687A (en) * 2017-03-14 2017-07-07 四川弘业环保科技有限公司 A kind of zinc hydrometallurgy cleanser and its purification technique
CN111057837A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-04-24 衢州华友钴新材料有限公司 Low-temperature roasting treatment method for cobalt hydrometallurgy waste residues
CN112195344A (en) * 2020-10-18 2021-01-08 赤峰中色锌业有限公司 Method for extracting and recovering zinc from high leaching residue flotation tailing water

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2459899A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2003-03-20 Intec Ltd Zinc recovery process
CN101928827A (en) * 2010-08-31 2010-12-29 湖南子廷有色金属有限公司 Method for removing impurities and refining zinc from zinc ammine complex
CN103145221A (en) * 2011-12-06 2013-06-12 刘洪群 Fine electrolytic mixture
CN106929687A (en) * 2017-03-14 2017-07-07 四川弘业环保科技有限公司 A kind of zinc hydrometallurgy cleanser and its purification technique
CN111057837A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-04-24 衢州华友钴新材料有限公司 Low-temperature roasting treatment method for cobalt hydrometallurgy waste residues
CN112195344A (en) * 2020-10-18 2021-01-08 赤峰中色锌业有限公司 Method for extracting and recovering zinc from high leaching residue flotation tailing water

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