CN114540639A - Impurity removal method for zinc smelting leachate by ammonia process - Google Patents

Impurity removal method for zinc smelting leachate by ammonia process Download PDF

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CN114540639A
CN114540639A CN202210212468.1A CN202210212468A CN114540639A CN 114540639 A CN114540639 A CN 114540639A CN 202210212468 A CN202210212468 A CN 202210212468A CN 114540639 A CN114540639 A CN 114540639A
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zinc
leachate
powder
activated carbon
zinc powder
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CN114540639B (en
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吴春晗
郝先东
张栋
张露
张海啸
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Ningxia Dinghui Technology Co ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/20Obtaining zinc otherwise than by distilling
    • C22B19/26Refining solutions containing zinc values, e.g. obtained by leaching zinc ores
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention provides an impurity removal method for zinc smelting leachate by an ammonia process, which comprises the following steps: heating the leachate, adding active carbon, stirring and filtering to obtain filtrate; adding a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon into the filtrate, stirring until the reaction is finished, performing solid-liquid separation, and respectively collecting the filtered substance and the filtered liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the activated carbon to the graphite powder to the activated carbon is (4.5-5.5): (3.5-4.2): 1. Compared with the existing zinc powder replacement impurity removal mode, the method has the advantages that the addition amount of zinc powder is greatly reduced, and the production cost is reduced; because of the existence of graphite powder, the reaction contact area is increased, the chemical reaction speed is accelerated, and the utilization rate of the zinc powder can be greatly improved.

Description

Impurity removal method for zinc smelting leachate by ammonia process
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of zinc hydrometallurgy, in particular to an ammonia-process zinc smelting leachate impurity removal method.
Background
Zinc as an important nonferrous metal has an irreplaceable role in modern industries. The current method for smelting metallic zinc comprises a fire method and a wet method. The zinc smelting by the ammonia process is one of the zinc smelting by the wet process, has the advantages of no waste gas emission, wide raw material source utilization and wide application prospect.
Currently, the ammonia process is directed to zinc (Zn-NH)3-NH4Cl-H2O) purifying and removing impurities from the leachate, namely adding zinc powder to perform a displacement reaction on the zinc powder and impurities such as lead, cadmium, iron and the like in the leachate, and removing the impurities after the impurities react to be simple substances. However, because the specific surface area of the zinc powder is limited, only one layer of zinc powder participating in chemical reaction is on the surface, and meanwhile, the replaced impurity elements can be deposited on the surface of the zinc powder to wrap the zinc powder particles, so that the further reaction of the internal zinc powder is prevented, and the utilization rate and the reaction efficiency of the zinc powder are low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, it is an object of the present invention to address one or more of the problems in the prior art as set forth above. For example, one of the purposes of the invention is to provide a purification method capable of effectively reducing the usage amount of zinc powder and reducing the production cost.
The invention provides an impurity removal method for an ammonia-process zinc smelting leaching solution, which comprises the following steps: heating the leaching solution, adding activated carbon, stirring and filtering to obtain filtrate; adding a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon into the filtrate, stirring until the reaction is finished, performing solid-liquid separation, and respectively collecting the filtered substance and the filtered liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the activated carbon to the graphite powder to the activated carbon is (4.5-5.5): (3.5-4.2): 1.
The main principle of the invention is that zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon are added, and the zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon collide in solution and are combined together to form a galvanic cell, when impurity elements are contacted with the graphite powder and the active carbon, the impurity elements are agglomerated and carry charges with each other, meanwhile, electrons are lost on the surfaces of zinc powder particles, the electrons are transferred to the impurity elements contacted with the graphite powder and the active carbon surfaces through the zinc powder particles, the graphite powder particles and the active carbon particles, the impurity elements are changed into impurity ions after obtaining the electrons, the impurity ions are reduced into metal simple substances by zinc and adsorbed on the surfaces of the graphite powder, and through the reaction process, the reaction contact area of the zinc powder and the impurity elements is increased, and the chemical reaction speed is accelerated; and the zinc powder is coated after the displaced impurity elements are deposited on the surface of the zinc powder, so that the utilization rate of the zinc powder is increased, the use amount of the zinc powder is effectively reduced, and the production cost is obviously reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention at least comprise at least one of the following:
(1) the method of the invention uses the mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon to treat the leaching solution, does not introduce new impurities, is easy to realize solid-liquid separation, has faster reaction rate and obvious purification effect, and can reduce the impurity concentration in the leaching solution to 10-2g/L is below;
(2) compared with the existing method of removing impurities only by replacing zinc powder, the method greatly reduces the usage amount of the zinc powder and reduces the production cost; due to the existence of graphite powder and activated carbon, the reaction contact area is increased, the chemical reaction speed is accelerated, and the utilization rate of zinc powder can be greatly improved;
(3) the method of the invention changes the impurity elements and zinc into simple substance elements through the replacement reaction, deposits the simple substance elements on the surface of the mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and active carbon, and then carries out solid-liquid separation by a filtering mode, has the advantages of fast reaction speed, good purification effect and the like, can carry out deep purification on the leachate, is an efficient and low-cost impurity removal and purification process, and has better industrial use value and application value.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the impurity removing method of the leaching solution for zinc hydrometallurgy according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the exemplary embodiments.
The invention provides a method for removing impurities from zinc smelting leachate by an ammonia process. In an exemplary embodiment of the method for removing impurities from an ammonia process zinc smelting leachate according to the present invention, the method may include the steps of:
s01, heating the leaching solution, adding activated carbon, stirring and filtering to obtain filtrate;
s02, adding a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon into the filtrate, stirring until the reaction is finished, performing solid-liquid separation, and respectively collecting the filtered supernatant and the filtered filtrate, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the activated carbon is (4.5-5.5): 3.5-4.2): 1. Wherein the impurities are replaced by zinc powder to form a filter material.
Further, the zinc-smelting leaching liquid by the ammonia process can be zinc-smelting leaching liquid (ZnCl) by the low ammonia process2-NH4Cl-H2O) or zinc leaching liquor (Zn-NH) from high ammonia process3-NH4Cl-H2O). The low-ammonia method zinc smelting leachate is zinc smelting leachate with the pH value less than or equal to 7; the high ammonia method zinc smelting leachate is zinc smelting leachate with the pH value more than 7.
Further, in step S01, the purpose of adding activated carbon is to adsorb suspended particles such as organic additives that have failed after a small amount of electrodeposition and have not reacted during the zinc smelting by the ammonia process, for example, bone glue added during the electrodeposition process. The solution can be clarified by adding the activated carbon, the mixture of the zinc powder and the graphite powder is prevented from being adsorbed by suspended particles, and the service efficiency of the zinc powder is reduced. The addition amount of the activated carbon can be determined according to the residual additives in the leaching solution. The activated carbon filtered in step S01 may be dried and ground for the next adsorption for recycling.
Further, in step S01, the amount of activated carbon added is 1g to 2g per liter of leachate, for example, 1.5g/L of leachate. With the addition of the activated carbon in the range, the use of the activated carbon can be saved, and the adsorption effect of the activated carbon is optimal.
Further, in step S01, the purpose of heating the leachate is to make the adsorption effect of activated carbon better and remove the suspended particles more thoroughly. For example, the heating temperature may be 50 to 80 ℃ and the heating time may be 50 to 70 min. For example, the heating temperature may be 55 ℃ and the heating time may be 60 min. Of course, the heating temperature and the heating time are not limited to these, and suspended particles may be removed under heating.
Furthermore, the zinc content in the leachate can be 30-70 g/L, the lead content can be 0.01-1 g/L, the cadmium content can be 0.001-0.5 g/L, the copper content can be 0.001-0.5 g/L, and the iron content can be 0.0001-0.1 g/L. For the zinc-smelting leaching liquid of the high ammonia process (pH is more than 7), the zinc content can be 40g/L to 70g/L, the lead content can be 0.01g/L to 1g/L, the cadmium content can be 0.001g/L to 0.5g/L, the copper content can be 0.001g/L to 0.5g/L, and the iron content can be 0.0001g/L to 0.01 g/L. For example, the zinc content in the zinc leaching solution of the high ammonia process can be 60g/L, the lead content can be 0.05g/L, the cadmium content can be 0.25g/L, the copper content can be 0.35g/L, and the iron content can be 0.005 g/L. For the zinc-smelting leaching liquid (pH is less than or equal to 7) by the low-ammonia method, the zinc content can be 30g/L to 40g/L, the lead content can be 0.01g/L to 0.4g/L, the cadmium content can be 0.01g/L to 0.4g/L, the copper content can be 0.01g/L to 0.4g/L, and the iron content can be 0.01g/L to 0.1 g/L. For example, the zinc content in the low-ammonia zinc smelting leachate can be 35g/L, the lead content can be 0.15g/L, the cadmium content can be 0.32/L, the copper content can be 0.27g/L and the iron content can be 0.07 g/L.
Further, the graphite powder can be obtained by grinding and crushing a graphite anode plate crushed in an electrodeposition process in the zinc smelting by an ammonia method. The zinc powder may be derived from dust-reduced zinc powder produced in a mill during production. The graphite powder and the zinc powder from the sources can further reduce the production cost, and the raw materials are easy to obtain. Of course, the zinc powder and graphite powder of the present invention are not limited thereto, and commercially available ones are available.
Furthermore, in the impurity removal process, the proportion of the zinc powder, the graphite powder and the activated carbon is particularly critical to the impurity removal effect. Under the condition that the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the graphite powder to the activated carbon is (4.5-5.5): 3.5-4.2): 1, the synergistic impurity removal effect among the zinc powder, the graphite powder and the activated carbon is better, and the impurity content in the leachate can be reduced to the minimum. For the mass ratio of the zinc powder, the graphite powder and the activated carbon, if the ratio of the graphite powder to the activated carbon is small, the collision probability of the graphite powder, the activated carbon and the zinc powder is reduced, and the purification effect is poor; if the ratio of the graphite powder to the activated carbon is large, the impurity removal cost is increased, but the corresponding impurity removal effect cannot be improved along with the increase of the graphite powder and the activated carbon. Preferably, the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the graphite powder to the activated carbon is 5:4: 1. At the moment, the reaction efficiency and the impurity removal effect can be improved to the maximum extent on the premise of using the least zinc powder.
Further, the particle size of the activated carbon used in step S01 may be 200 mesh or smaller. For example, the particle size may be 150 mesh.
Further, the amount of zinc powder added is related to the quality of impurities contained in the leachate. Specifically, if the impurity ions in the leachate are not higher than 0.05g/L, the adding amount of the zinc powder is 4-5 times of the theoretical mass required by replacing the impurities in the leachate with the zinc powder; if the impurity ions in the leachate are higher than 0.05g/L, the addition amount of the zinc powder is 2-3 times of the theoretical required mass of the impurities in the zinc powder replacement leachate, which is mainly because if the impurity content in the leachate is high, the theoretical addition amount of the corresponding zinc powder is larger, so that the probability of collision with the impurity ions is higher, and the addition amount more than that required by the theoretical zinc powder is less relative to the impurity content of not higher than 0.05g/L, so that the use amount of the zinc powder can be further saved.
Further, the average particle size of the mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon may be 120 to 180 mesh. For example, the average particle size of the mixture of zinc powder and graphite powder may be 150 mesh.
Furthermore, in the step of collecting the filtered material and the filtered liquid, the stirring speed is 300r/min to 600 r/min. For example, the stirring speed is 400 r/min.
Further, the filtrate heating temperature may be 50 to 80 ℃, for example, the filtrate heating temperature may be 75 ℃.
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following further illustrates the contents of the present invention with reference to specific examples, but the contents of the present invention are not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
An impurity removal method for an ammonia process zinc smelting leaching solution can comprise the following steps:
a. heating 2.5L of the leaching solution to 55 ℃, adding 5g of active carbon, stirring for 1 hour, finally filtering and collecting liquid.
b. And (b) heating the liquid obtained in the step a in a water bath at 55 ℃, adding 1.08g of a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon in a mass ratio of 5:4:1, and stirring for 1 hour.
c. And c, after the liquid reaction in the step b is finished, filtering, respectively collecting the purified liquid and the purified solid, and detecting the impurity concentration in the purified liquid.
The low-ammonia electrowinning leachate which needs purification and is purified is high-ammonia leachate from a certain zinc smelting plant, and the water quality component in the leachate is Zn: 57.67g/L, Pb: 0.21g/L, Cd: 0.05g/L, Cu: 0.003g/L, Fe: 0.019 g/L.
After the treatment by the method, the detection result is as follows: pb: 0.0048g/L, Cd: 0.0016g/L, Cu: 0.0001g/L, Fe: 0.0097 g/L.
Example 2
Compared with the example 1, the other impurity removal conditions are the same, and the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the graphite powder to the activated carbon is only 5.5:3.5: 1.
Example 3
Compared with the example 1, the other impurity removal conditions are the same, and the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the graphite powder to the activated carbon is only 5.5:4.2: 1.
Example 4
Compared with the example 1, the other impurity removal conditions are the same, and the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the graphite powder to the activated carbon is only 4.5:3.5: 1.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, graphite powder and activated carbon were not added, and the amount of zinc powder added was 0.54g, as compared with example 1.
Comparative example 2
Compared with the example 1, the comparative example does not add activated carbon, the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the graphite powder is 5:4, and other impurity removal conditions are the same.
Comparative example 3
Compared with the example 1, the other impurity removal conditions are the same, and the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the graphite powder to the activated carbon is only 4.5:3: 1.
Comparative example 4
Compared with the example 1, the other impurity removal conditions are the same, and the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the graphite powder to the activated carbon is only 4.5:5: 1.
The detection results of impurities after purification and impurity removal of the above examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 4 are as follows:
TABLE 1 results of impurity detection
Figure BDA0003532390650000051
Figure BDA0003532390650000061
From the data in the table, it can be seen that, in comparative examples 1 to 4, when the mass ratio of the zinc powder, the graphite powder and the activated carbon is 5:4:1, the impurity removal effect is the best, and the impurity concentration in the filtrate after impurity removal and purification is the lowest.
Comparing examples 1 to 4 with comparative example 1, in comparative example 1, graphite powder and activated carbon were not used, and the impurity concentration in the purified filtrate was much higher than that after the graphite powder and activated carbon were added, and the impurity removal effect was poor.
Comparing examples 1 to 4 with comparative example 1, in comparative example 1, activated carbon was not used, and the impurity removal effect was significantly inferior to that of activated carbon.
The comparison examples 1-4 and the comparison examples 3-4 show that when the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the graphite powder to the active carbon is (4.5-5.5): 3.5-4.2): 1, the impurity removal effect is obviously better than the mass ratio of the other zinc powder to the graphite powder to the active carbon.
Although the present invention has been described above in connection with exemplary embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. An impurity removal method for an ammonia-process zinc smelting leaching solution is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01, heating the leaching solution, adding activated carbon, stirring and filtering to obtain filtrate;
s02, adding a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon into the filtrate, stirring until the reaction is finished, performing solid-liquid separation, and respectively collecting the filtered supernatant and the filtered filtrate, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc powder to the activated carbon is (4.5-5.5): 3.5-4.2): 1.
2. The ammonia-process zinc smelting leachate impurity removal method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the zinc powder, the graphite powder and the activated carbon is 5:4: 1.
3. The method for removing impurities from the leaching solution of zinc smelting by an ammonia process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S01, the adding amount of the activated carbon is 1 g-2 g per liter of the leaching solution.
4. The method for removing impurities from an ammonia-process zinc smelting leachate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein if the concentration of impurity ions in the leachate is not more than 0.05g/L, the addition amount of zinc powder is 4-5 times of the theoretical mass required by replacing impurities in the leachate with the zinc powder; and if the impurity ions in the leachate are more than 0.05g/L, the adding amount of the zinc powder is 2-3 times of the theoretical mass required by replacing the impurities in the leachate with the zinc powder.
5. The method for removing impurities from an ammonia-process zinc smelting leachate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the zinc content in the leachate is 30g/L to 70g/L, the lead content is 0.01g/L to 1g/L, the cadmium content is 0.001g/L to 0.5g/L, the copper content is 0.001g/L to 0.5g/L, and the iron content is 0.0001g/L to 0.1 g/L.
6. The method for removing impurities from the leachate of zinc ammonia process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the heating temperature of the leachate is 50 ℃ to 80 ℃, and the temperature of the filtrate when the mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon is added to the filtrate is 50 ℃ to 80 ℃.
7. The ammonia-process zinc smelting leachate impurity removal method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the average particle size of a mixture of zinc powder, graphite powder and activated carbon is 120-180 meshes.
8. The method for removing impurities from the leaching solution of zinc smelting by an ammonia process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step S02, the stirring speed is 300r/min to 600 r/min.
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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2459899A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2003-03-20 Intec Ltd Zinc recovery process
CN101928827A (en) * 2010-08-31 2010-12-29 湖南子廷有色金属有限公司 Method for removing impurities and refining zinc from zinc ammine complex
CN103145221A (en) * 2011-12-06 2013-06-12 刘洪群 Fine electrolytic mixture
CN106929687A (en) * 2017-03-14 2017-07-07 四川弘业环保科技有限公司 A kind of zinc hydrometallurgy cleanser and its purification technique
CN111057837A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-04-24 衢州华友钴新材料有限公司 Low-temperature roasting treatment method for cobalt hydrometallurgy waste residues
CN112195344A (en) * 2020-10-18 2021-01-08 赤峰中色锌业有限公司 Method for extracting and recovering zinc from high leaching residue flotation tailing water

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2459899A1 (en) * 2001-09-13 2003-03-20 Intec Ltd Zinc recovery process
CN101928827A (en) * 2010-08-31 2010-12-29 湖南子廷有色金属有限公司 Method for removing impurities and refining zinc from zinc ammine complex
CN103145221A (en) * 2011-12-06 2013-06-12 刘洪群 Fine electrolytic mixture
CN106929687A (en) * 2017-03-14 2017-07-07 四川弘业环保科技有限公司 A kind of zinc hydrometallurgy cleanser and its purification technique
CN111057837A (en) * 2020-01-16 2020-04-24 衢州华友钴新材料有限公司 Low-temperature roasting treatment method for cobalt hydrometallurgy waste residues
CN112195344A (en) * 2020-10-18 2021-01-08 赤峰中色锌业有限公司 Method for extracting and recovering zinc from high leaching residue flotation tailing water

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