CN114540055B - Rotary wheel structure supplementary cracking device and supplementary cracking method - Google Patents

Rotary wheel structure supplementary cracking device and supplementary cracking method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114540055B
CN114540055B CN202210251672.4A CN202210251672A CN114540055B CN 114540055 B CN114540055 B CN 114540055B CN 202210251672 A CN202210251672 A CN 202210251672A CN 114540055 B CN114540055 B CN 114540055B
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cracking
furnace body
supplementary
rotating wheel
wheel structure
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CN114540055A (en
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郭冠伦
吴容川
赵晟
郭巍
安识宇
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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Wuhan University of Technology WUT
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28Other processes
    • C10B47/30Other processes in rotary ovens or retorts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28Other processes
    • C10B47/32Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
    • C10B47/44Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with conveyor-screws
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Abstract

The invention discloses a rotary wheel structure complementary cracking device, which comprises a complementary cracking furnace body, wherein a rotary wheel structure is arranged in the furnace body, a reactant feed inlet and an oil gas outlet are arranged at the top of the furnace body, an electromagnetic heating coil is arranged at the outer side of the furnace body, and the rotary wheel structure is connected with an external motor. The invention also discloses a complementary cracking method. The invention can effectively adjust and control the reaction time aiming at different reactants, can realize the uniform distribution of the reactants by adjusting the rotating speed of the rotating wheel, has controllable cracking process and good effect. And the solid products which are completely cracked can be compacted and led out after being initially cooled, so that the subsequent treatment is convenient, and the cracking conversion rate and the economic benefit are improved.

Description

Rotary wheel structure supplementary cracking device and supplementary cracking method
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plastic cracking device and a plastic cracking method, in particular to a rotating wheel structure complementary cracking device and a complementary cracking method, and belongs to the technical field of thermal cracking chemical industry.
Background
At present, most of cracking technologies should preferably adopt a continuous feeding mode, and the continuous feeding mode can improve the cracking efficiency, so that the continuous feeding mode is a necessary condition for continuous and industrialized development of the cracking technologies. However, the research and achievement of plastic cracking at present is still in the laboratory stage, and many problems to be solved and improved for industrial production are required, including:
1. to ensure that the materials in the reactor are heated uniformly and to avoid coking in the reactor, a proper heating mode should be selected. The heating process plays a great role.
2. The excessive reaction is avoided, the carbon black generated by pyrolysis still has high heat to be discharged in time and continuously, and if the carbon black is directly cooled and recycled, a part of energy loss is caused, so that a discharging mechanism needs to be improved, and the utilization rate of heat energy is improved to the greatest extent.
3. The existing equipment has smaller processing capacity and cannot meet the requirement of industrialization. Increasing the throughput of the plant is not only simply increasing the size of the reactor, but also taking into account the heat transfer efficiency and strength of the structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rotary wheel structure supplementary cracking device, which is characterized in that a set of supplementary cracking mode is designed, and the supplementary cracking device is used for carrying out supplementary cracking on the residue remained in a preliminary cracking furnace in a mode of heating by utilizing the residual heat of an internal reactant and an external electromagnetic coil. The method is used for overcoming the defects that materials in the reactor cannot be heated uniformly and the reaction process of the reactant is uncontrollable in the prior art, and the solid products (mainly carbon black) which are completely cracked are compacted and led out after being cooled initially, so that subsequent treatment is carried out, and the cracking conversion rate and economic benefit are improved.
The invention is realized in particular as follows:
The utility model provides a runner structure supplements cracker, includes to supplement pyrolysis furnace body, is provided with the runner structure in the furnace body inside, and the furnace body top is provided with reactant pan feeding mouth and oil gas export, and the furnace body outside is provided with electromagnetic heating coil, and the runner structure links to each other with outside motor.
The further scheme is as follows:
The bottom of the furnace body of the supplementary pyrolysis furnace is connected with a cooling interlayer, the cooling interlayer is obliquely arranged through a bracket, the part connected with the furnace body of the supplementary pyrolysis furnace is lower in position, a screw propulsion device motor is arranged at one side end part of the lower end of the cooling interlayer, a screw propulsion device is arranged in the cooling interlayer, and a carbon black storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the higher end of the cooling interlayer.
The further scheme is as follows:
a blanking rate sensor is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body.
The further scheme is as follows:
The rotating wheel structure comprises a rotating wheel storage room formed by a plurality of storage partition boards, rotating wheel fan blades are arranged at the middle positions of two sides of the rotating wheel structure, and the middle position of the rotating wheel structure is connected with an external motor through a motor control rod.
The further scheme is as follows:
The screw propulsion device is internally provided with a variable-pitch lead-out screw. The carbon black remaining after the additional cracking is compacted while being pushed outward by a lead-out screw of variable pitch (for example, pitch ratio of 1:0.73), and a compact carbon black is formed at the slag hole to secure sealability.
The further scheme is as follows:
The heat-insulating interlayer is arranged on the furnace body, and for example, heat-insulating cotton containing ceramic fibers can be used as the heat-insulating interlayer to wrap the outer side of the tank body so as to insulate the tank body.
The invention also provides a supplementary cracking method, which adopts the rotating wheel structure supplementary cracking device of the invention, and specifically comprises the following steps:
The plastic cracking residual reactant enters a supplementary cracking furnace body from a reactant feeding hole, the supplementary cracking is carried out in the supplementary cracking furnace body by utilizing the waste heat of the reactant and the heating of an electromagnetic heating coil, the rotating wheel structure drives the reactant to crack in a high-temperature furnace body through the rotating action of an external motor, oil gas escapes from an oil gas outlet through the rotation of the rotating wheel, and residues almost completely form high-temperature carbon black through the two-wheel cracking; under the drive of the spiral propulsion and the motor, the carbon black enters the cooling interlayer for preliminary cooling, is tightly pressed and sealed by a variable-pitch lead-out screw rod in the spiral propulsion device, and is finally sent into the carbon black storage tank.
The further scheme is as follows:
The rotating speed n of the rotating wheel is controlled according to the optimal complementary cracking reaction time required by cracking residual reactants, so that the rotating period T of the rotating wheel is changed, and the optimal complementary cracking reaction time is T/2.
The further scheme is as follows:
Through the monitoring of blanking rate sensor, when the blanking volume from upstream cracker changes, the rotational speed of runner is adjusted through the motor in real time, makes the reactant that gets into supplementary cracker disperse in different storage room as far as possible.
The further scheme is as follows:
The plastic comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and mixtures of two or more thereof.
The invention has at least the following outstanding beneficial effects:
The invention can effectively adjust and control the reaction time aiming at different reactants, can realize the uniform distribution of the reactants by adjusting the rotating speed of the rotating wheel, has controllable cracking process and good effect. And the solid product (mainly carbon black) which is completely cracked can be compacted and led out after being preliminarily cooled, so that the subsequent treatment is convenient, and the cracking conversion rate and the economic benefit are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rotor structure supplemental pyrolysis device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a two-dimensional plan perspective view of a rotor structure supplemental pyrolysis device according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a rotor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The device comprises a 1-reactant feed inlet, a 2-oil gas outlet, a 3-blanking rate sensor, a 4-electromagnetic heating coil, a 5-external motor, a 6-heat insulation interlayer, a 7-supplementary cracking furnace body, an 8-spiral propelling device motor, a 9-cooling interlayer, a 10-support, an 11-carbon black storage tank, a 12-rotating wheel structure, a 13-export screw rod, a 121-storage partition plate, a 122-rotating wheel storage room, 123-rotating wheel fan blades and a 124-motor control rod.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and to specific examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a rotary wheel structure supplementary cracking device, as shown in fig. 1-2, comprising a supplementary cracking furnace body 7, wherein a rotary wheel structure 12 is arranged in the furnace body, a reactant feed inlet 1 and an oil gas outlet 2 are arranged at the top of the furnace body, a blanking rate sensor 3 is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body, an electromagnetic heating coil 4 is arranged at the outer side of the furnace body, and the rotary wheel structure is connected with an external motor 5.
The bottom of the furnace body of the supplementary pyrolysis furnace is connected with a cooling interlayer 9, the cooling interlayer is obliquely arranged through a bracket 10, the part connected with the furnace body of the supplementary pyrolysis furnace is lower in position, a screw propulsion device motor 8 is arranged at one side end part of the lower end of the cooling interlayer, a screw propulsion device is arranged in the cooling interlayer, and a carbon black storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the higher end of the cooling interlayer. The screw propulsion device is provided with a variable pitch lead-out screw 13. The furnace body is provided with a heat preservation interlayer 6.
As shown in fig. 3, the rotating wheel structure comprises a rotating wheel material storage room 122 formed by a plurality of storage partition plates 121, rotating wheel fan blades 123 fixedly connected to the rotating wheel structure are arranged at the middle positions of the two sides of the rotating wheel structure, and the middle position of the rotating wheel structure is connected with an external motor through a motor control rod 124.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a complementary cracking method, which specifically comprises the following steps:
The plastic cracking residual reactant enters a supplementary cracking furnace body from a reactant feeding hole, the supplementary cracking is carried out in the supplementary cracking furnace body by utilizing the waste heat of the reactant and the heating of an electromagnetic heating coil, the rotating wheel structure drives the reactant to crack in a high-temperature furnace body through the rotating action of an external motor, oil gas escapes from an oil gas outlet through the rotation of the rotating wheel, and residues almost completely form high-temperature carbon black through the two-wheel cracking; under the drive of the spiral propulsion and the motor, the carbon black enters the cooling interlayer for preliminary cooling, is tightly pressed and sealed by a variable-pitch lead-out screw rod in the spiral propulsion device, and is finally sent into the carbon black storage tank.
The device controls the rotating speed of the rotating wheel to regulate and control the cracking reaction time of reactants in the device by detecting the blanking amount at different moments in real time, so that the reactants can be uniformly and efficiently cracked in the device to generate an oil-gas mixture, the optimal conversion efficiency of plastic oil refining is improved, and the conversion rate of the reactants is improved. The disadvantage that the reaction path of reactants in the stirring type cracking device which is commonly adopted at present is uncontrollable and the residence time is unchangeable is overcome by utilizing a smaller space, and the space is reasonably utilized, so that the matching arrangement of the stirring type cracking device and an upstream cracking device is more flexible.
The specific adjusting mode is as follows: the rotation speed n of the rotating wheel is controlled by an external motor, so that the rotation period T of the rotating wheel is changed. T=1/n. The reactants can only stay in the carriage of the wheel for about half a period t=t/2, so period T is a critical reaction condition. The reactants fall into the rotating wheel storage room, and the rotating wheel is driven to rotate along with the intermediate shaft, after the opening of the storage room rotates for half a period T, the reactants in the storage room fall into the continuous guiding device, so that the rotating wheel rotation period T has a decisive effect on the complementary cracking reaction time of the reactants. Too short a residence time of the reactant in the supplemental pyrolysis device can result in insufficient pyrolysis and can not effectively realize the utility of supplemental pyrolysis, too long a residence time of the reactant can result in excessive pyrolysis, which prolongs the pyrolysis time, and increases the amount of carbon black produced and the energy consumption required by the reaction. The device can control the residence time of reactants by adjusting the rotation period T of the rotating wheel in real time, so that the reactants which are not completely cracked are completely cracked in the optimal reaction time, the energy consumption is saved, and the cracking conversion rate and the product quality are improved.
When waste plastics are mainly Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and mixtures thereof, and the like, and waste plastics are subjected to thermal cracking and oil refining, the time for the whole cracking is also different due to different activation energy of different kinds of reactants. The oil conversion rate of thermal cracking of plastics is the interaction of a plurality of factors such as cracking temperature, reaction time and the like, and the influence of each factor on the cracking conversion rate needs to be integrated to determine the reaction condition under the optimal conversion rate.
The rotation period T of the rotating wheel is mainly related to the types of reactants, the cracking temperature and the like, and the supplementary cracking reaction conditions corresponding to part of different types of reactants are listed below.
Reactant components Make-up cleavage temperature Period of rotation T
Polyethylene 430~500℃ 30~80min
Polypropylene 360~400℃ 20~60min
Polystyrene 320~380℃ 15~50min
The method can reasonably adjust the amount of reactants in each storage space of the rotating wheel according to the blanking speed while controlling the rotating speed so as to regulate and control the cracking time, thereby effectively improving the cracking efficiency. And the oil gas generated by the supplementary pyrolysis can be discharged through the oil gas outlet at the upper part by utilizing the rotating flow field of the rotating wheel.
The specific regulation mode is as follows: through the monitoring of unloading sensor, when the blanking volume from upstream cracker changes, adjusts the rotational speed of runner through the motor in real time, makes the reactant that gets into supplementary cracker disperse in different storage rooms, and originally is holistic reactant and is consequently separated, so can realize loose material through stirring vane, avoid the blanking to pile up to the reactant in making each storage room can fully absorb electromagnetic heat, realizes being heated evenly, can carry out quick abundant schizolysis.
Although the application has been described herein with reference to the above-described illustrative embodiments thereof, the foregoing embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present application, and it should be understood that the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and that numerous other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art that will fall within the scope and spirit of the principles of this disclosure.

Claims (4)

1. A supplementary pyrolysis method adopting a runner structure to supplement a pyrolysis device is characterized in that: the rotary wheel structure complementary cracking device comprises a complementary cracking furnace body, a rotary wheel structure is arranged in the furnace body, a reactant feed inlet and an oil gas outlet are formed in the top of the furnace body, an electromagnetic heating coil is arranged on the outer side of the furnace body, and the rotary wheel structure is connected with an external motor; a blanking rate sensor is arranged at the upper part of the furnace body; the rotating wheel structure comprises a rotating wheel storage room formed by a plurality of storage partition boards, rotating wheel fan blades are arranged at the middle positions of two sides of the rotating wheel structure, and the middle position of the rotating wheel structure is connected with an external motor through a motor control rod;
The bottom of the furnace body of the supplementary pyrolysis furnace is connected with a cooling interlayer, the cooling interlayer is obliquely arranged through a bracket, the part connected with the furnace body of the supplementary pyrolysis furnace is lower, a screw propulsion device motor is arranged at one side end part of the lower end of the cooling interlayer, a screw propulsion device is arranged in the cooling interlayer, and a carbon black storage tank is arranged at the bottom of the higher end of the cooling interlayer;
the screw propulsion device is internally provided with a lead-out screw with variable pitch;
The complementary cracking method comprises the following steps: the plastic cracking residual reactant enters a supplementary cracking furnace body from a reactant feeding hole, the supplementary cracking is carried out in the supplementary cracking furnace body by utilizing the waste heat of the reactant and the heating of an electromagnetic heating coil, the rotating wheel structure drives the reactant to crack in a high-temperature furnace body through the rotating action of an external motor, oil gas escapes from an oil gas outlet through the rotation of the rotating wheel, and residues almost completely form high-temperature carbon black through the two-wheel cracking; under the drive of the spiral propulsion and the motor, the carbon black enters a cooling interlayer for preliminary cooling, is tightly pressed and sealed by a lead-out screw rod with variable pitch in the spiral propulsion device, and is finally sent into a carbon black storage tank;
The rotating speed n of the rotating wheel is controlled according to the optimal complementary cracking reaction time required by cracking residual reactants, so that the rotating period T of the rotating wheel is changed, and the optimal complementary cracking reaction time is T/2.
2. The supplemental cleavage process according to claim 1, wherein:
the furnace body is provided with a heat preservation interlayer.
3. The supplemental cleavage process according to claim 1, wherein:
Through the monitoring of blanking rate sensor, when the blanking volume from upstream cracker changes, the rotational speed of runner is adjusted through the motor in real time, makes the reactant that gets into supplementary cracker disperse in different storage room as far as possible.
4. The supplemental cleavage process according to claim 1, wherein:
The plastic comprises polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene and mixtures of two or more thereof.
CN202210251672.4A 2022-03-15 2022-03-15 Rotary wheel structure supplementary cracking device and supplementary cracking method Active CN114540055B (en)

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CN114540055B true CN114540055B (en) 2024-04-16

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2260615C1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2005-09-20 Бахтинов Николай Алексеевич Method for processing mineral and solid organocontaining raw material by pyrolysis and installation for performing the same
WO2012156769A1 (en) * 2011-05-16 2012-11-22 Kachanadul Priiyathep Reactor for continuous production of wood vinegar and charcoal
CN204039331U (en) * 2014-08-19 2014-12-24 安徽乾海环保科技有限公司 Coal gas circulation coal wholegrain radial sector pyrolysis system
CN207904184U (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-09-25 青岛科技大学 A kind of rotating vanes continuous cracking experimental furnace
CN209602459U (en) * 2019-03-07 2019-11-08 青岛科技大学 A kind of waste plastic cracking equipment

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2260615C1 (en) * 2004-04-21 2005-09-20 Бахтинов Николай Алексеевич Method for processing mineral and solid organocontaining raw material by pyrolysis and installation for performing the same
WO2012156769A1 (en) * 2011-05-16 2012-11-22 Kachanadul Priiyathep Reactor for continuous production of wood vinegar and charcoal
CN204039331U (en) * 2014-08-19 2014-12-24 安徽乾海环保科技有限公司 Coal gas circulation coal wholegrain radial sector pyrolysis system
CN207904184U (en) * 2017-12-07 2018-09-25 青岛科技大学 A kind of rotating vanes continuous cracking experimental furnace
CN209602459U (en) * 2019-03-07 2019-11-08 青岛科技大学 A kind of waste plastic cracking equipment

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