CN114539011B - Safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
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Abstract
The invention discloses a safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: metal or non-metal powder: 5% -15%; organic powder: 10% -20%; high nitrogen energetic material: 10% -25%; oxidizing agent: 40% -75%; speed control agent: 0.5 to 2.5 percent; and (3) fixing adhesive: 1.5% -3%; plasticizer: 1.0 to 2.0 percent; the metal powder is at least one of aluminum powder, titanium powder and aluminum magnesium alloy powder, and the nonmetal powder is silicon powder; the organic powder is guanidine nitrate; the high-nitrogen energetic material is LLM-105. The high-energy expanding agent of the invention does not explode in an open space, can be converted into detonation from combustion only in a closed space due to the generation of a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas, has the dual functions of pre-cracking and detonation, has the influence range of a fracture pore network 10-15 times that of the fracture pore formed by the traditional industrial explosive blasting and the pre-cracking agent fracturing, and is suitable for coal and rock mining, natural gas mining, oil mining or mine roadway excavation, subway construction, tunnel construction and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal rock pre-cracking, in particular to a safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
At present, domestic means for breaking and pre-cracking rocks, coal beds and the like mainly comprise explosives, hydraulic fracturing, water conservancy punching, liquid carbon dioxide phase change and the like, but the several pre-cracking modes have certain defects: the explosive mainly acts on blasting rather than presplitting, the energy release mode is instantaneous release, the detonation wave and a small amount of explosive gas act on the drilled holes of the rock coal body almost simultaneously in an instant, the radius of a fracture ring is about 10-15 times of the charging radius, the fracture ring is outward of an original rock area, and fracture pores in the area are not influenced by explosive blasting and change; hydraulic fracturing is uncontrollable, which does not allow for more uniform fracture expansion; the liquid carbon dioxide is subjected to phase change pre-cracking, the construction is complex, the pre-cracking force is insufficient, and the pre-cracking effect is difficult to achieve.
In addition, in the prior art, a pre-cracking agent or a swelling agent is used for crushing and pre-cracking the coal rock, but the following problems are present: for example, the coal rock pre-cracking agent in CN110981660A does not use metal powder, has limited released energy, and is only suitable for coal rocks with lower hardness coefficients, such as coal rocks with hardness coefficients in the range of 3-6; however, if the metal powder is directly used in the presplitting agent, the safety is not guaranteed. Therefore, the existing coal rock pre-cracking technology has certain limitation, and a novel coal rock pre-cracking technology is still needed to realize the efficient pre-cracking of rocks and coal beds.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent, which does not explode in an open space, can convert a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated in a closed space from combustion into detonation, has the dual functions of pre-cracking and detonation, and has the influence range of a fracture pore network in a coal rock body 10-15 times that of the fracture pore formed by the traditional industrial explosive blasting and the pre-cracking agent fracturing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
the safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass:
metal or non-metal powder: 5% -15%;
organic powder: 10% -20%;
high nitrogen energetic material: 10% -25%;
oxidizing agent: 40% -75%;
speed control agent: 0.5 to 2.5 percent;
and (3) fixing adhesive: 1.5% -3%;
plasticizer: 1.0 to 2.0 percent;
the metal powder is at least one of aluminum powder, titanium powder and aluminum magnesium alloy powder, and the non-metal powder is silicon powder; the organic powder is guanidine nitrate; the high nitrogen energetic material is LLM-105.
In the technical scheme, the metal powder or the nonmetal powder can improve the burning rate and the energy of the high-energy expanding agent and is a main burning agent; the organic powder guanidine nitrate is also used as a combustion agent, and the gas production rate is higher in the combustion process, so that the pressure in a closed space can be increased; the chemical name of the high-nitrogen energetic material LLM-105 is 2,6-diamino-3,5-dinitro-1-oxopyrazine, the high-nitrogen energetic material LLM-105 is good in high temperature resistance and passivity, stable in performance and has certain detonation property, in addition, the LLM-105 can generate a large amount of inert nitrogen in the combustion and detonation processes, the safety of natural gas and other mining processes can be improved, the nitrogen viscosity coefficient is low at high temperature, the high-nitrogen energetic material LLM-105 can be better expanded in coal rock cracks and pores, the quasi-static acting force of high-temperature high-pressure gas is stable, and rocks can be uniformly and effectively crushed.
In addition, the metal powder or the nonmetal powder and the organic powder can cooperate with the speed control agent to play a role in improving the pressure index and the combustion speed, so that the high-energy expanding agent can be quickly combusted to generate a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas, the working capacity of the expanding agent is improved, the coal rock fracture is expanded, the high-nitrogen energetic material has insensitive performance, the sensitivity of the agent can be reduced, the combustion speed of the agent is reduced, and the insensitive performance can ensure the safety in the use process.
Further, the mass ratio of the oxidant to the high-energy nitrogen-containing material is 2-5.5.
In the technical scheme, the combustion speed of the expanding agent is reduced to a certain extent by the high-energy nitrogen-containing material, so that the combustion speed of the expanding agent is further adjusted by controlling the proportion of the oxidant to the high-energy nitrogen-containing material, and if the proportion of the oxidant to the high-energy nitrogen-containing material is too small, the combustion speed of the expanding agent is greatly reduced, so that the working capacity is insufficient.
Further, the particle size d of the metal or nonmetal powder 50 Less than or equal to 200 mu m; particle size d of the organic powder 50 Less than or equal to 200 mu m; the granularity d of the high-energy nitrogen-containing material 50 ≤200μm。
Further, the oxidant is at least one of potassium perchlorate and potassium nitrate, and the granularity d of the oxidant 50 ≤200μm。
Further, the speed control agent is at least one of copper chromite and tert-butyl ferrocene.
Further, the adhesive is at least one of gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and polyvinyl butyral.
Further, the plasticizer is at least one of 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate phenol, 1,1,1-triazomethyl ethane.
The adhesive and plasticizer have good adhesion and high thermal effect, and are suitable for the high-energy expanding agent of the invention.
The invention also provides a safe and efficient preparation method of the high-energy expanding agent, which comprises the following steps:
weighing and grinding the materials according to the components of the formula, then putting metal powder or nonmetal powder, organic powder, high-nitrogen energetic material, oxidant, speed control agent, adhesive and plasticizer into a mixer for mixing, and discharging after mixing uniformly to obtain the high-energy expanding agent; or the metal powder or the nonmetal powder, the organic powder, the high-nitrogen energetic material, the speed control agent, the adhesive and the plasticizer are put into a mixer to be uniformly mixed, then the oxidant is added to be mixed, and the mixture is discharged after being uniformly mixed, so that the high-energy expanding agent is obtained.
The invention also provides application of the safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent in coal and rock mining, natural gas mining, oil mining or mine roadway excavation, subway construction and tunnel construction.
Furthermore, the high-energy expanding agent needs to be placed in a closed space in the application process and ignited through an igniter, the high-energy expanding agent generates a large amount of high-temperature high-pressure gas in the combustion process to drive the peripheral initial cracks to expand, when certain pressure is reached, the high-energy expanding agent is rapidly converted into detonation from combustion, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas generated in the detonation process enables the rock to be crushed and the cracks to be further expanded;
the main components of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated in the combustion and detonation processes are 40-55% of water vapor, 30-35% of nitrogen and 15-20% of carbon dioxide.
In addition, harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen chloride and the like are generated in the combustion and detonation processes, but the content is small and can be almost ignored, so that the high-energy expanding agent has small pollution to the environment.
The high-energy expanding agent provided by the invention is different from the explosive in energy release mode, the explosive is instantaneously detonated in release mode, the action time is microsecond, the energy release is too fast, and the effect is poor; the high-energy expanding agent provided by the invention can only be combusted at normal pressure and normal temperature without explosion, can only convert combustion into detonation due to the generation of a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas in a closed space, and has the double functions of pre-cracking and detonation, and specifically comprises the following components: the high-energy expanding agent is ignited by the ignition charge, high-temperature high-pressure gas is rapidly generated after combustion, the high-temperature high-pressure gas generated by combustion drives the initial cracks around the drill hole to expand, meanwhile, the pressure is continuously increased, after certain pressure is reached, the residual expanding agent is converted into detonation by combustion, the energy is fully coupled with the coal rock cracks, the cracks are further developed, and the rock blocks wrapped among the cracks are subjected to network fracturing and crushing, so that the optimal energy release state is reached. In addition, because the initial cracks are expanded by the high-temperature high-pressure gas in the initial combustion process, a sufficient coupling condition can be provided for the subsequent detonation impact, so that the coal rock is not excessively crushed by the detonation impact caused by narrow crack space when the detonation occurs, and the consumption of explosion energy caused by the crushing impact is reduced.
In addition, the high-energy expanding agent cannot be detonated under normal pressure and normal temperature, and can be automatically extinguished when the pressure in a drill hole is less than 20MPa, and if the hole sealing effect is poor or a large number of gaps are generated due to coal rock breakage and communicated with a goaf, the high-energy expanding agent can be automatically extinguished, so that the safety in the use process is improved; the high-energy expanding agent has no detonator sensitivity, cannot be detonated by a detonator, and has no sympathetic detonation distance; the high-energy expanding agent has low sensitivity, is difficult to ignite and detonate, and can be ignited only by adopting a special igniter through heat transfer in the hole.
Advantageous effects
(1) The high-energy expanding agent has high safety, the danger level is 1.3-1.5, the friction sensitivity and the impact sensitivity are 0-10%, and the electrostatic spark sensitivity is more than 120mJ;
(2) The high-energy expanding agent has high burning rate and pressure index, the actual measurement burning rate of 3MPa is more than 100mm/s, and the actual measurement burning rate of 5MPa is more than 200mm/s;
(3) The high-energy expanding agent has the gas production rate of more than 600L/kg, the combustion heat of more than 3500KJ/kg, the peak pressure which can be adjusted according to the concrete requirements of geological conditions of engineering sites, the range of 65 MPa-200 MPa and the action time of 10 ms-300 ms;
(4) The high-energy expanding agent is not exploded in an open space, and is converted into detonation from combustion only in a closed space due to the generation of a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas, so that the high-energy expanding agent has the dual functions of pre-cracking and detonation, the influence range of a fracture pore network in a coal rock body is 10-15 times that of the fracture pore formed by the traditional industrial explosive blasting and pre-cracking agent fracturing, various disasters of a coal mine can be effectively treated, the exploitation rate of petroleum and natural gas is improved, and the tunneling efficiency is improved;
(5) The high-energy expanding agent is in zero oxygen balance, the main components of high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated in the combustion and detonation processes are 40-55% of water vapor, 30-35% of nitrogen and 15-20% of carbon dioxide, and the contents of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, nitric oxide, hydrogen chloride and the like can be almost ignored, so that the environment can not be polluted; and because the nitrogen content in the high-temperature high-pressure gas is high, the high-temperature high-pressure gas is inert gas, so that the high-temperature high-pressure gas can be safely used in mines for exploiting natural gas and the like, and the safety is further improved.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a P-t curve of a high energy expanding agent prepared in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a P-t curve of the high energy expanding agent prepared in example 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the advantages and technical solutions of the present invention clearer and clearer, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
For convenience of understanding, the correlation detection method and the like of the embodiment will be described:
p-t curve: the volume of the closed exploder is 100cm 3 The test was performed according to GJB 770B-2005. A P-t curve of the pressure in the closed exploder changing along with the time is recorded by a piezoelectric sensor connected to the closed exploder and a data processing system;
measurement of burning velocity: the test method is according to GJB770b method 706 burning rate target line method;
and (3) measuring the gas production: after the agent is combusted in the closed exploder, cooling the residual gas in the closed exploder to 25 ℃ through a water bath system, recording the pressure in the container, and converting the volume of the residual gas;
and (3) gas component determination: connecting an aluminum foil gas production bag to an exhaust valve of a closed exploder through a rubber pipe, introducing combustion gas into an element analyzer, detecting HEEA-I gas components according to standard QJ2781A-2004, and performing parallel determination on each sample at least twice;
measurement of Combustion Heat: the test is carried out according to GJB770B-2005, the used equipment is an oxygen bomb calorimeter, and the combustion heat value of the sample is calculated according to a formula in the standard;
measurement conditions of friction sensitivity: 3.92MPa,90 degrees;
conditions for measuring impact sensitivity: 10Kg,50cm.
Example 1
The embodiment 1 provides a safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
silicon powder: 8 percent;
guanidine nitrate: 11 percent;
LLM-105：15％；
potassium nitrate: 63%;
copper chromite: 0.5 percent;
polyvinyl butyral: 1.5 percent;
1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate phenol: 1.0 percent.
The grain diameters of the silicon powder, the guanidine nitrate, the LLM-105 and the potassium nitrate in the components are all about 100 mu m.
Mixing the above materials in an acoustic resonance mixer for 60min to obtain the high-energy expanding agent.
The high-energy expanding agent is detected, the burning rate is 113.4mm/s at 3MPa, the burning rate is 221mm/s at 5MPa, the combustion heat is 3900.6KJ/kg, the gas production is 685.9L/kg, the friction sensitivity is 0%, the impact sensitivity is 1%, and the danger level is 1.5 grade; the gas composition was determined: the water vapor accounts for 50%, the nitrogen accounts for 33%, the carbon dioxide accounts for 17%, and the content of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen chloride and the like is almost negligible.
In addition, as can be seen from fig. 1: after the expanding agent is combusted and detonated in the closed exploder, a large amount of high-temperature and high-pressure gas is released, the pressure rises rapidly, the peak pressure of the expanding agent can reach 75MPa, and the expanding agent is completely combusted after being ignited for 20 ms.
The expanding agent provided by the embodiment is suitable for coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of more than 3, including more than 6, such as coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of 8.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 provides a safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
titanium powder: 7 percent;
guanidine nitrate: 10 percent;
LLM-105：13％；
and (3) potassium perchlorate: 66 percent;
copper chromite: 1.0 percent;
polyvinyl butyral: 1.5 percent;
1,1,1-triazomethylethane: 1.5 percent.
The grain sizes of the titanium powder, the guanidine nitrate, the LLM-105 and the potassium perchlorate in the components are all about 100 mu m.
Mixing the above materials in an acoustic resonance mixer for 60min to obtain the high-energy expanding agent.
The high-energy expanding agent is detected, the burning rate is 124.8mm/s at 3MPa, 243mm/s at 5MPa, the combustion heat is 5836.46KJ/kg, the gas production rate is 650.3L/kg, the friction sensitivity is 2%, the impact sensitivity is 3%, and the danger grade is 1.5; the gas composition was determined: the water vapor accounts for 46 percent, the nitrogen accounts for 35 percent, the carbon dioxide accounts for 19 percent, and the content of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen, hydrogen chloride and the like is almost negligible.
In addition, as can be seen from fig. 2: after the expanding agent is combusted and detonated in the closed exploder, the pressure rises rapidly, the peak pressure can reach 93Mpa, and the expanding agent is completely combusted after being ignited for 40 ms.
The expanding agent provided by the embodiment is suitable for the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of more than 3, including more than 6, such as the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of 8-10.
Example 3
The embodiment 3 provides a safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
aluminum powder: 7 percent;
guanidine nitrate: 12 percent;
LLM-105：14.5％；
and (3) potassium perchlorate: 63.5 percent;
tert-butyl ferrocene: 1.0 percent;
gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: 1.0 percent;
1,1,1-triazomethylethane: 1.0 percent.
The grain diameters of the aluminum powder, the guanidine nitrate, the LLM-105 and the potassium perchlorate in the components are all about 100 mu m.
Mixing the above materials in an acoustic resonance mixer for 60min to obtain the high-energy expanding agent.
The high-energy expanding agent is detected to have the burning rate of 141.3mm/s at 3MPa, the burning rate of 280.1mm/s at 5MPa, the combustion heat of 6730.35KJ/kg, the gas production rate of 623.5L/kg, the friction sensitivity of 4 percent, the impact sensitivity of 6 percent and the danger grade of 1.4.
The expanding agent provided by the embodiment is suitable for the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of more than 3, including more than 6, such as the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of 8-10.
Example 4
The embodiment 4 provides a safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
aluminum magnesium alloy powder: 7 percent;
guanidine nitrate: 12 percent;
LLM-105：14.5％；
and (3) potassium perchlorate: 63.5 percent;
tert-butyl ferrocene: 1.0 percent;
gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: 1.0 percent;
1,1,1-triazomethylethane: 1.0 percent.
The grain diameters of the aluminum-magnesium alloy powder, the guanidine nitrate, the LLM-105 and the potassium perchlorate in the components are all about 100 mu m.
Mixing the above components in an acoustic resonance mixer for 60min to obtain the high-energy expanding agent.
The high-energy expanding agent is detected to have the burning rate of 151.2mm/s at 3MPa, the burning rate of 280.3mm/s at 5MPa, the combustion heat of 7400.64KJ/kg, the gas production rate of 619.8L/kg, the friction sensitivity of 6 percent, the impact sensitivity of 8 percent and the danger grade of 1.3.
The expanding agent provided by the embodiment is suitable for coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of more than 3, including more than 6, such as coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of 8-15.
Example 5
The embodiment 5 provides a safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
aluminum powder: 5 percent;
guanidine nitrate: 10 percent;
LLM-105：18％；
and (3) potassium perchlorate: 64 percent;
tert-butyl ferrocene: 1.0 percent;
gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: 1.0 percent;
1,1,1-triazomethylethane: 1.0 percent.
The grain diameters of the aluminum powder, the guanidine nitrate, the LLM-105 and the potassium perchlorate in the components are all about 100 mu m.
Mixing the above materials in an acoustic resonance mixer for 60min to obtain the high-energy expanding agent.
The high-energy expanding agent is detected to have the burning rate of 118.6mm/s at 3MPa and 234.2mm/s at 5MPa, the combustion heat of 5636.96KJ/kg, the gas production rate of 672.68L/kg, the friction sensitivity of 3 percent, the impact sensitivity of 3 percent and the danger grade of 1.4.
The expanding agent provided by the embodiment is suitable for the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of more than 3, including more than 6, such as the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of 8-10.
Example 6
The embodiment 6 provides a safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
aluminum powder: 5 percent;
guanidine nitrate: 10 percent;
LLM-105：25％；
and (3) potassium perchlorate: 57 percent;
tert-butyl ferrocene: 1.0 percent;
gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: 1.0 percent;
1,1,1-triazomethylethane: 1.0 percent.
The grain diameters of the aluminum powder, the guanidine nitrate, the LLM-105 and the potassium perchlorate in the components are all about 100 mu m.
Mixing the above materials in an acoustic resonance mixer for 60min to obtain the high-energy expanding agent.
The high-energy expanding agent is detected, the burning rate is 103.4mm/s at 3MPa, the burning rate is 218.7mm/s at 5MPa, the combustion heat is 5648.36KJ/kg, the gas production rate is 668.3L/kg, the friction sensitivity is 3%, the impact sensitivity is 3%, and the danger grade is 1.4.
The expanding agent provided by the embodiment is suitable for the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of more than 3, including more than 6, such as the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of 8-10.
Example 7
This example 7 provides a safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent, which includes the following components in mass fraction:
aluminum powder: 8 percent;
guanidine nitrate: 18 percent;
LLM-105：13％；
and (3) potassium perchlorate: 60 percent;
tert-butyl ferrocene: 1.0 percent;
gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: 1.0 percent;
1,1,1-triazomethylethane: 1.0 percent.
The grain diameters of the aluminum powder, the guanidine nitrate, the LLM-105 and the potassium perchlorate in the components are all about 100 mu m.
Mixing the above materials in an acoustic resonance mixer for 60min to obtain the high-energy expanding agent.
The high-energy expanding agent is detected, the burning rate of the high-energy expanding agent is 148.6mm/s at 3MPa, the burning rate of the high-energy expanding agent is 287.35mm/s at 5MPa, the combustion heat is 6897.45KJ/kg, the gas production rate is 618.64L/kg, the friction sensitivity is 5%, the impact sensitivity is 6%, and the danger grade is 1.4.
The expanding agent provided by the embodiment is suitable for the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of more than 3, including more than 6, such as the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of 8-10.
Example 8
The embodiment 8 provides a safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
aluminum powder: 15 percent;
guanidine nitrate: 17 percent;
LLM-105：15％；
and (3) potassium perchlorate: 50 percent;
tert-butyl ferrocene: 1.0 percent;
gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane: 1.0 percent;
1,1,1-triazomethylethane: 1.0 percent.
The grain diameters of the aluminum powder, the guanidine nitrate, the LLM-105 and the potassium perchlorate in the components are all about 140 mu m.
Firstly, metal powder or nonmetal powder, organic powder, high-nitrogen energetic material, speed control agent, adhesive fixing agent and plasticizer are put into a mixer to be uniformly mixed, then oxidant is added to be mixed for 70min, and the mixture is discharged after being uniformly mixed, so that the high-energy expanding agent is obtained.
The high-energy expanding agent is detected, the burning rate of the high-energy expanding agent is 160.7mm/s at 3MPa, the burning rate of the high-energy expanding agent is 293.42mm/s at 5MPa, the combustion heat is 7900.68KJ/kg, the gas production rate is 610.24L/kg, the friction sensitivity is 8 percent, the impact sensitivity is 9 percent, and the danger grade is 1.3.
The expanding agent provided by the embodiment is suitable for the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of more than 3, including more than 6, such as the coal rocks with the hardness coefficient of 8-15.
The parts not mentioned above can be realized by referring to the prior art.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent is characterized in that the high-energy expanding agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
metal or non-metal powder: 5% -15%;
organic powder: 10% -20%;
high nitrogen energetic material: 10% -25%;
oxidizing agent: 40 to 75 percent;
speed control agent: 0.5 to 2.5 percent;
and (3) fixing adhesive: 1.5% -3%;
plasticizer: 1.0 to 2.0 percent;
the metal powder is at least one of aluminum powder, titanium powder and aluminum magnesium alloy powder, and the nonmetal powder is silicon powder; the organic powder is guanidine nitrate; the high-nitrogen energetic material is LLM-105; the mass ratio of the oxidant to the high-energy nitrogen-containing material is 2-5.5;
particle size d of the metal 50 Less than or equal to 200 mu m; particle size d of the organic powder 50 Less than or equal to 200 mu m; the particle size d of the high-energy nitrogen-containing material 50 ≤200μm；
The oxidant is at least one of potassium perchlorate and potassium nitrate, and the granularity d of the oxidant 50 ≤200μm；
The speed control agent is at least one of copper chromite and tert-butyl ferrocene;
the adhesive is at least one of gamma-aminopropyl triethoxysilane and polyvinyl butyral;
the plasticizer is at least one of 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate phenol and 1,1,1-triazomethyl ethane;
the method comprises the following steps:
weighing and grinding the materials according to the formula components, then putting metal powder or nonmetal powder, organic powder, high-nitrogen energetic material, oxidant, speed control agent, adhesive and plasticizer into a mixer for mixing, and discharging after mixing uniformly to obtain the high-energy expanding agent.
2. The use of a safe and efficient high energy expanding agent prepared according to the method of claim 1 in coal and rock mining, natural gas mining, oil mining or mine roadway excavation, subway construction, tunnel construction.
3. The application of the safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent in coal and rock exploitation, natural gas exploitation, oil exploitation or mine roadway excavation, subway construction and tunnel construction according to claim 2 is characterized in that the high-energy expanding agent needs to be placed in a closed space in the application process and ignited through a special igniter, the high-energy expanding agent generates a large amount of high-temperature high-pressure gas in the combustion process to drive the expansion of surrounding initial cracks, when a certain pressure is reached, the high-energy expanding agent is rapidly converted into detonation from combustion, and the high-temperature high-pressure gas generated in the detonation process breaks rocks and further expands the cracks;
the main components of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated in the combustion and detonation processes are 40-55% of water vapor, 30-35% of nitrogen and 15-20% of carbon dioxide.
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| CN202210154220.4A CN114539011B (en) | 2022-02-21 | 2022-02-21 | Safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| PCT/CN2022/100596 WO2023155354A1 (en) | 2022-02-21 | 2022-06-23 | Safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent, and preparation method therefor and use thereof |
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| CN114539011B (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2023-03-28 | 张延松 | Safe and efficient high-energy expanding agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN116924864A (en) * | 2023-07-19 | 2023-10-24 | 核工业北京化工冶金研究院 | Propellant and preparation method and application thereof |
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