CN114538833B - Aggregate and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aggregate and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114538833B CN114538833B CN202210096450.XA CN202210096450A CN114538833B CN 114538833 B CN114538833 B CN 114538833B CN 202210096450 A CN202210096450 A CN 202210096450A CN 114538833 B CN114538833 B CN 114538833B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/027—Lightweight materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
- C04B20/107—Acids or salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/447—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on phosphates, e.g. hydroxyapatite
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
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- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00017—Aspects relating to the protection of the environment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of material preparation, and discloses an aggregate and a preparation method thereof. The aggregate comprises a core material, a porous layer material and a ceramic layer structure material; the core material is walnut shell solid particles and/or corn meal solid particles; the porous layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-10 parts of cement, 50-120 parts of active components, 1-10 parts of exciting agent, 1-10 parts of balling agent, 1-10 parts of dispersing agent, 0-3 parts of migration agent and 1-10 parts of xanthan gum; the ceramic layer structure material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-80 parts of dead burned MgO, 10-60 parts of soluble dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-4 parts of borax, 1-10 parts of soluble hydrogen phosphate and 5-10 parts of curing agent. The aggregate is in a core-porous layer-ceramic layer structure, the product performance is stable, and the grain size can be directionally screened according to the application, so that the production and manufacturing cost of the aggregate is greatly reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of material preparation, and in particular relates to an aggregate and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aggregate means bulk density of 900-1500Kg/m 3 The main categories of the aggregate include artificial aggregate (such as ceramsite, ceramic sand and the like), natural aggregate (such as pumice stone, volcanic cinders and the like) and industrial waste residue aggregate (such as natural gangue, cinder and the like).
The aggregate is prepared by physically mixing industrial waste residue, cement, alkaline substances and other materials, granulating by a disc granulator, and calcining at a high temperature of above 1000 ℃. At present, the aggregate is mainly sintered ceramsite, carbonized steel slag lightweight aggregate and blocky aggregate, and the basic production and manufacturing process is mature. Currently known aggregates include:
the ceramic waste material described in CN 110950558A is used for preparing high-strength aggregate and the prepared high-strength aggregate, and the high-strength aggregate has the advantages of light weight, high strength, low heat conductivity coefficient, high refractoriness, good chemical stability, good durability, good heat insulation, high industrial solid waste utilization rate, and high cylinder pressure strength which is increased along with the increase of stacking density, and the highest strength can reach 11.8MPa, so the high-strength aggregate is an indispensible high-strength aggregate, but the preparation process comprises a calcination procedure, the energy consumption and the cost are indistinct increased in the stage, and the high-strength aggregate cannot be popularized for a long time in a large environment advocated to high environmental protection and low energy consumption at present.
The Chinese building material science research institute company limited also provides a preparation method of the hydrophobic ceramsite aggregate, the prepared aggregate has the advantages of high solid waste utilization rate, high strength, good hydrophobicity, good sound insulation and the like, but the production process is complex, the mixed granulation, the calcination granulation and the surface coating of the hydrophobic material are needed for three times of granulation, and the ceramsite needs to be additionally coated with the hydrophobic material besides the calcination, so that the production cost is greatly increased, and the mass production is not facilitated.
Therefore, aiming at the problems that the existing aggregate is high in production and manufacturing cost, the prepared aggregate is not only calcined at high temperature, but also more polymer auxiliary agents are needed to be added, the formula of the aggregate needs to be redesigned, and the aggregate which is high in applicability and strength and can replace the sand for the building is prepared.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides an aggregate and a preparation method thereof. The aggregate is in a core-porous layer-ceramic layer structure, the product performance is stable, and the grain size can be directionally screened according to the application, so that the production and manufacturing cost of the aggregate is greatly reduced.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides, in one aspect, an aggregate comprising a core material, a porous layer material, and a ceramic layer structure material;
the core material is walnut shell solid particles and/or corn meal solid particles;
the porous layer material comprises: cement, active components, exciting agents, balling agents, dispersing agents, migration agents and xanthan gum;
the ceramic layer structure material comprises: dead burned MgO, soluble dihydrogen phosphate, borax, soluble hydrogen phosphate and curing agent.
According to the present invention, preferably, the porous layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-10 parts of cement, 50-120 parts of active components, 1-10 parts of exciting agent, 1-10 parts of balling agent, 1-10 parts of dispersing agent, 0-3 parts of migration agent and 1-10 parts of xanthan gum;
the ceramic layer structure material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-80 parts of dead burned MgO, 10-60 parts of soluble dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-4 parts of borax, 1-10 parts of soluble hydrogen phosphate and 5-10 parts of curing agent.
According to the present invention, preferably, the porous layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of cement, 50-110 parts of active components, 1-10 parts of exciting agent, 3-10 parts of balling agent, 2-10 parts of dispersing agent, 0.1-2.5 parts of migration agent and 1-5 parts of xanthan gum.
According to the present invention, preferably, the ceramic layer structure material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of dead burned MgO, 10-40 parts of soluble dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-3 parts of borax, 1-5 parts of soluble hydrogen phosphate and 5-10 parts of curing agent.
According to the present invention, preferably, the core material, the porous layer material, and the ceramic layer structure material are used in a ratio of (0.1 to 1.2): 1: (2-3).
According to the present invention, preferably, the active component comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of fly ash, 10-30 parts of active blast furnace slag, 10-20 parts of silica fume, 1-10 parts of kaolin and 0-1 part of stone powder.
In the invention, the chemical components of the fly ash are as follows: siO (SiO) 2 18％-20％，CaO 50％-60％，Al 2 O 3 3％-5％，Fe 2 O 3 2％-3％，MgO 1.5％-2.5％，SO 3 2% -3% and the loss on ignition is less than or equal to 2%.
The chemical components of the active blast furnace slag are as follows: 30% -40% of CaO and SiO 2 20％-30％，Al 2 O 3 10％-15％，Fe 2 O 3 ＜0.5％，MgO 6％-7％，SO 3 2％-3％，NaOequi≤1％。
The chemical components of the silica fume are as follows: siO (SiO) 2 ≥90％，H 2 O1-1.5%, loss on ignition 2-3%, other substances less than or equal to 1% and density 200kg/m 3 Left and right.
The chemical components of the cement are as follows: 60% -65% of CaO and SiO 2 18％-19％，Al 2 O 3 4％-5％，Fe 2 O 3 2％-3％，MgO2％-3％，SO 3 3-4%, firing vector less than or equal to 3% and NaOequiv less than or equal to 1%.
According to the present invention, preferably, the activator is at least one of quicklime, gypsum, calcium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodium sulfate, and triethanolamine.
According to the present invention, preferably, the spheronizing agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, starch, and bentonite.
According to the present invention, preferably, the dispersant is at least one of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, and polycarboxylate.
Preferably, according to the invention, the migrating agent is an alkali metal oxide, preferably K 2 O and/or Na 2 O。
According to the present invention, preferably, the curing agent is at least one of an acrylic emulsion, an epoxy emulsion, and a VAE emulsion.
According to the invention, preferably, the soluble dihydrogen phosphate salt is potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.
According to the present invention, preferably, the soluble hydrogen phosphate salt is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and/or diammonium hydrogen phosphate.
In another aspect, the invention provides a method for preparing said aggregate, comprising the steps of:
s1: stirring and mixing the cement, the active component, the exciting agent, the balling agent, the dispersing agent, the xanthan gum and the optional migration agent uniformly, and drying and screening to obtain the porous layer material; mixing the porous layer material with the core material for spray granulation to obtain porous layer granules with the surface not completely dried;
s2: uniformly stirring and mixing the dead burned MgO, the soluble dihydrogen phosphate, the borax, the soluble hydrogen phosphate and water to obtain an aqueous solution; and (3) spraying the aqueous solution and the curing agent on the granulating surface of the porous layer with the surface not completely dried in sequence, curing and drying to obtain the aggregate.
In the present invention, the porous layer whose surface is not entirely dried is granulated as a porous layer which is slightly strong and whose surface is not entirely dried.
Preferably, in step S1,
the temperature of the drying treatment is 100-200 ℃;
the spray used for the spray granulation is water or a mixed solution of water and triethanolamine.
According to the present invention, preferably, the mass ratio of triethanolamine to water is 1: (0.15-0.3).
Preferably, in step S2,
the ratio of the mass of the water to the sum of the mass of the dead burned MgO, the soluble dihydrogen phosphate, the borax and the soluble hydrogen phosphate is (0.1-0.3): 1, a step of;
the maintenance treatment is carried out in a high-temperature high-humidity oxidation kiln or a standard maintenance room; the maintenance treatment time is 22-26 hours;
the temperature of the drying treatment is 100-200 ℃.
The particle size of the aggregate is 40-200 meshes.
The aggregate is in a core-porous layer-ceramic layer structure, wherein the core is formed mainly by physical adhesion, and walnut shell solid particles or corn powder solid particles and porous layer materials are sprayed and slowly roll in a granulator to form core parts.
The reaction mechanism of the formation of the porous layer is as follows:
the cement in the porous layer material reacts with water to produce Ca (OH) 2 ，Ca(OH) 2 With SiO in the active component 2 And water in the system react to form C-S-H gel, and in the process, the exciting agent plays a role in promoting the progress of the process and improves the early strength of the binary system of the cement-mineral admixture.
The reaction mechanism of the formation of the ceramic layer is as follows:
first,:
MgO+NH 4 HPO 4 +5H 2 O＝MgNH 4 PO 4 .6H 2 o (struvite) (reaction 1)
MgO+KH 2 PO 4 +5H 2 O＝MgKPO 4 .6H 2 O (reaction 2)
Then:
the magnesium phosphate cement formed above enters the hydration stage, which mainly comprises: dissolution of phosphate and dissolution of MgO in acidic phosphate solution to release Mg 2+ ；Mg 2+ With water molecules and H + Complexing to form positively charged Mg (H) 2 O) 6 2+ "hydrated sol"; "hydrosol" and PO 4 3- To form hydration products, with the release of heat, the "hydration sol" gradually decreasing as the reaction proceeds; with "hydrosol" and PO 4 3- Is continuously carried out with PO 4 3- The polymerized sol is mutually cemented to form gel, and the network structure is opened along with the formation of a large amount of gelForming; gel saturation crystallization forms crystals of the magnesium phosphate cement.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The aggregate of the present invention is prepared without the need for high temperature calcination. The aggregate of the invention takes walnut shell solid particles or corn powder solid particles as cores, cement, active components, an exciting agent, a balling agent, a dispersing agent, a migration agent and xanthan gum are used for preparing a porous layer, dead burned MgO, monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, borax, diammonium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate are used for preparing a ceramic layer core-shell, a core-porous layer-ceramic layer structure is formed, the stability of the prepared product is ensured, and the grain size screening can be carried out directionally according to the purposes (light, heavy, coarse and fine of the aggregate), so that the production and manufacturing cost of the aggregate is greatly reduced.
(2) The core (walnut shell solid particles or corn meal solid particles) of the invention can age to form a hollow structure by itself, so that the density of the finally obtained aggregate is lower.
(3) The aggregate of the invention mainly uses industrial waste, and is an environment-friendly product; the aggregate is prepared without calcining, and is cured in a high-temperature high-humidity oxidation kiln or a standard curing room, and is dried at 100-200 ℃. The xanthan gum used in the invention has suspension performance, so that other materials can be uniformly distributed around the xanthan gum body, the other materials are promoted to be fully contacted, and the reaction among the other materials is increased. The invention preferably uses K 2 O and/or Na 2 O is used as a migration agent, K in the migration agent + Or Na (or) + As a migration agent to promote the reaction of the ceramic layer structure material to form a ceramic layer structure.
(4) The aggregate bulk density of the invention is 400-1000Kg/m 3 The barrel pressure strength is 2MPa-6.5MPa, the crushing rate of 28MPa is less than or equal to 5%, the water absorption rate is less than or equal to 8%, the grading is 40-200 meshes, and the sphericity is more than or equal to 90%.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in more detail exemplary embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic process flow diagram of a method of preparing an aggregate according to the invention.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below. While the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the various embodiments described below,
the balling agent comprises the following components: polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol are purchased from Qiansheng biotechnology Co. The purchased polyvinyl alcohol and polyethylene glycol are AR analysis and purification medicines, and the purity is more than or equal to 90%; starch is purchased from Shanghai national medicine reagent Co., ltd, is soluble in water, has the pH value of 6.0-7.5, burns residues (calculated by sulfate), has the percentage of less than or equal to 0.5 and has the weight loss on drying of less than or equal to 13 percent; bentonite is purchased from Sichuan Kenshouxing industry and trade company, and the specification is 400 meshes;
the dispersing agent comprises the following components: sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and polycarboxylate are all purchased from chemical reagent experiment consumable supplies, inc., and all purchased medicines are of industrial grade;
the kaolin is purchased from Hengyuan New Material Co., ltd;
the xanthan gum is selected from HongCheng Source biotechnology Co, and is of food grade;
the curing agent acrylic emulsion is selected from green chemical industry Co, the solid content is 40% -50%, the viscosity is 80-200mPa.s, the monomer residue is less than or equal to 0.5%, and the Ph value range is 8-9.
Example 1
The present embodiment provides an aggregate comprising a core material, a porous layer material, and a ceramic layer structure material;
the core material is walnut shell solid particles and/or corn meal solid particles;
the porous layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of cement, active components (30 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of active blast furnace slag, 10 parts of silica fume, 3 parts of kaolin), an excitant (3 parts of quicklime, 1 part of gypsum), a balling agent (5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 2 parts of bentonite), a dispersing agent (5 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate, 3 parts of polycarboxylate), 3 parts of xanthan gum and K 2 0.25 parts of O;
the ceramic layer structure material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of dead burned MgO, 18 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of borax, 5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1 part of dipotassium phosphate and 5 parts of acrylic emulsion.
The mass ratio of the core material, the porous layer material and the ceramic layer structure material is 0.3:1:1, a step of;
the preparation method of the aggregate comprises the following steps:
s1: stirring and mixing the cement, the active component, the exciting agent, the balling agent, the dispersing agent and the xanthan gum uniformly, and drying (100-200 ℃) and screening to obtain the porous layer material (the particle size of the porous layer material is 140-200 meshes); mixing the porous layer material with the core material for spray granulation to obtain porous layer granulation with less total surface dryness and slightly high strength;
and (3) carrying out spray granulation, namely mixing the spray water used by spray granulation with triethanolamine, wherein the dosage mass ratio of the triethanolamine to the water is 1:0.15.
s2: uniformly stirring and mixing the dead burned MgO, monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, borax, diammonium phosphate, dipotassium phosphate and water to obtain an aqueous solution; and (3) sequentially spraying the aqueous solution and the curing agent on the surface of the porous layer granulation surface which is not completely dried and has a little strength by adopting a high-pressure spraying machine, curing and drying to obtain the aggregate.
In step S2: the ratio of the water usage to the sum of the dead burned MgO, monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, borax, diammonium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate mass is 0.3:1, a step of;
the curing treatment is carried out in a standard curing room; the maintenance treatment time is 24 hours;
the temperature of the drying treatment is 100-200 ℃.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides an aggregate comprising a core material, a porous layer material, and a ceramic layer structure material;
the core material is walnut shell solid particles and/or corn meal solid particles;
the porous layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of cement, active components (25 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of active blast furnace slag, 15 parts of silica fume, 3 parts of kaolin and 0.5 part of stone powder), an exciting agent (1 part of sodium sulfate, 1 part of sodium silicate, 1 part of quicklime and 1 part of triethanolamine), a balling agent (2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 2 parts of bentonite), a dispersing agent (3 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate and 3 parts of polycarboxylate), 3 parts of xanthan gum and K 2 0.25 parts of O;
the ceramic layer structure material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of dead burned MgO, 40 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of borax, 2 parts of diammonium phosphate, 2 parts of dipotassium phosphate and 8 parts of acrylic emulsion.
The mass ratio of the core material, the porous layer material and the ceramic layer structure material is 0.5:1:1.2.
example 3
The present embodiment provides an aggregate comprising a core material, a porous layer material, and a ceramic layer structure material;
the core material is walnut shell solid particles and/or corn meal solid particles;
the porous layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 7 parts of cement, active components (20 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of active blast furnace slag, 15 parts of silica fume and 4 parts of kaolin), an excitant (3 parts of quicklime and 2 parts of gypsum), a balling agent (5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 2 parts of bentonite, 2 parts of polyethylene glycol and 2 parts of starch), a dispersing agent (5 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate), 3 parts of xanthan gum and K 2 0.25 parts of O;
the ceramic layer structure material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45 parts of dead burned MgO, 30 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 2 parts of borax, 4 parts of diammonium phosphate, 4 parts of dipotassium phosphate and 10 parts of acrylic emulsion.
The mass ratio of the core material, the porous layer material and the ceramic layer structure material is 0.4:1:1.1;
the aggregate preparation method of this example differs from that of example 1 only in that: in step S2, the ratio of the amount of water to the sum of the mass of the dead burned MgO, monoammonium phosphate, monopotassium phosphate, borax, diammonium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate is 0.2:1.
example 4
The present embodiment provides an aggregate comprising a core material, a porous layer material, and a ceramic layer structure material;
the core material is walnut shell solid particles and/or corn meal solid particles;
the porous layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of cement, active components (20 parts of fly ash, 23 parts of active blast furnace slag, 15 parts of silica fume, 3 parts of kaolin and 0.5 part of stone powder), an exciting agent (3 parts of quicklime, 2 parts of gypsum, 2 parts of sodium sulfate and 2 parts of triethanolamine), a balling agent (3 parts of bentonite, 2 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 2 parts of starch), a dispersing agent (5 parts of sodium tripolyphosphate and 3 parts of polycarboxylate), 5 parts of xanthan gum and K 2 0.25 parts of O;
the ceramic layer structure material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of dead burned MgO, 30 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 1 part of borax, 3 parts of diammonium phosphate, 1 part of dipotassium phosphate and 10 parts of acrylic emulsion.
The dosage ratio of the core material to the porous layer material to the ceramic layer structure material is 0.5:1:1.1.
test example 1
The aggregate of examples 1-4 was tested for performance using GB/T14684-2011 construction sand, the results of which are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the aggregate of the present invention is relatively stable in performance compared to conventional aggregates.
TABLE 1
| Project | Index (I) | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| Bulk density kg/m 3 | ≤1000 | 660 | 680 | 701 | 720 |
| Barrel pressure strength/MPa | ≥2 | 4.5 | 5.6 | 6.7 | 5.2 |
| Breakage rate/28 MPa | ≤5％ | 5.0 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.9 |
| Water absorption/% | ≤8％ | 7.0 | 6.4 | 5.2 | 6.1 |
| Sphericity/% | ≥90 | 91 | 93 | 95 | 92 |
Test example 2
The aggregate of the example 3 is screened, the mud content is controlled to be less than or equal to 3 percent, the aggregate is applied to a G20 gypsum-based self-leveling system, and the initial fluidity, the fluidity after 30 minutes, the 24-hour flexural strength, the 24-hour compressive strength, the absolute dry flexural strength and the absolute dry compressive strength of the obtained product are tested, and the composition and the test result of the G20 gypsum-based self-leveling system are shown in Table 2.
The aggregate of example 3 was selected for incorporation into a G20 gypsum-based self-leveling system by the data of table 2, and it was found that the aggregate had little effect on the fluidity of the gypsum-based self-leveling, and therefore the aggregate of the present invention could be used in a Yu Dangao-based self-leveling system. With respect to bulk density, it can be seen that as the amount of aggregate increases, the bulk density of the G20 gypsum-based self-leveling product tends to decrease, resulting in a lighter quality product. The compressive strength and the flexural strength of the G20 gypsum-based self-leveling mortar are highest when the aggregate consumption is 100 by comparing the flexural strength for 24 hours, the compressive strength for 24 hours, the absolute dry flexural strength and the absolute dry compressive strength. When the aggregate consumption exceeds 100, the flexural compressive strength is slightly reduced, so that the best quality substitution rate of the aggregate in the G20 gypsum-based self-leveling system is 50%, and when the aggregate consumption exceeds 50%, the strength loss rate needs to be considered.
TABLE 2
| Formulation of | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Desulfurized gypsum g | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 | 550 |
| Cement g | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 | 50 |
| Aggregate g | 0 | 50 | 100 | 150 | 200 |
| 40-70 mesh sand g | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
| Retarder g | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
| Water reducer g | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| Suspending agent VH g | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 | 0.17 |
| Water addition amount g | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 | 300 |
| Initial fluidity mm | 150 | 148 | 146 | 149 | 150 |
| Fluidity mm after 30min | 145 | 146 | 142 | 145 | 147 |
| Bulk density Kg/m 3 | 892.63 | 880.14 | 866.33 | 860.12 | 850.24 |
| 24h flexural strength MPa | 2.5 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 2.8 | 2.2 |
| Compressive strength MPa for 24 hours | 12.9 | 13.2 | 13.5 | 11.8 | 10.5 |
| Absolute flexural strength MPa | 7.8 | 7.9 | 8.0 | 7.4 | 6.9 |
| Absolute dry compressive strength MPa | 24.4 | 24.8 | 25.0 | 23.2 | 22.1 |
Test example 3
This test example the aggregate of example 3 was applied to the preparation of a polymer cement plastering mortar, and the wet density, coating rate and 7d compressive strength of the obtained product were tested, as shown in table 3, as the composition of the components of the polymer cement plastering mortar and the test results.
TABLE 3 Table 3
| Formulation of | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
| Cement g | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 | 200 |
| Stone powder g | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 | 40 |
| 60 mesh g of machine-made sand | 260 | 260 | 260 | 260 | 260 |
| Machine-made sand 90 mesh g | 500 | 400 | 350 | 300 | 250 |
| Aggregate (140 mesh-200 mesh) g | 0 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 |
| Water reducer g | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 |
| Cellulose ether g | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
| Starch ether g | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
| PP fiber g | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Gray wood fiber g | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Water demand% | 21 | 22.5 | 23 | 24.5 | 25 |
| Wet density Kg/m 3 | 1440 | 1411 | 1395 | 1387 | 1364 |
| Coating rate | 100 | 110 | 115 | 120 | 123 |
| 7d compressive Strength MPa | 3.42 | 3.49 | 4.01 | 3.29 | 2.96 |
As can be seen from the data in table 3, as the amount of aggregate increases, the water demand increases; as the aggregate usage increases, the wet density becomes lighter; the larger the aggregate amount, the higher the strength loss. In summary, considering both strength and economy, it is suggested that aggregate is used to replace 0% -33% of the blending amount of the machine-made sand of 90 meshes in the formula of the polymer cement plastering mortar, and at this time, the coating rate of the polymer cement plastering mortar is increased, and the strength loss is not very great.
Test example 4
The test example is to screen the aggregate of example 3, control the mud content to be less than or equal to 3%, and apply the aggregate to prepare common mortar, and test the water addition amount, 1h expansion loss rate, wet density, 3d, 7d, 28d flexural strength, 3d, 7d, 28d compressive strength of the obtained product, as shown in Table 4, to obtain the composition of the common mortar and the test result.
TABLE 4 Table 4
From the data in Table 4, it can be seen that when the amount of the aggregate is increased to replace river sand, the expansion degree loss rate is increased as the amount of the water required is increased, and the flexural strength and the compressive strength of 3d, 7d and 28d are increased with the increase of the amount of the aggregate. When the using amount of aggregate is 700g, the fracture resistance and the compressive strength of the obtained common mortar sample reach the maximum values, the fracture resistance and the compressive strength of 3d, 7d and 28d are respectively 6.45MPa, 22.11MPa, 6.91MPa, 21.10MPa, 8.72MPa and 35.27MPa, when the using amount of aggregate exceeds 700g, the physical properties of the sample obviously decrease, and when the using amount is 1000g, the strength decrease is obvious. Therefore, the aggregate of the invention is reasonable when the mass substitution rate of the aggregate in the common mortar is 18.5-50% by comprehensively considering the strength loss and the economy.
The foregoing description of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the various embodiments described.
Claims (9)
1. An aggregate, characterized in that the aggregate comprises a core material, a porous layer material and a ceramic layer structure material;
the core material is walnut shell solid particles and/or corn meal solid particles;
the porous layer material comprises: cement, active components, exciting agents, balling agents, dispersing agents, migration agents and xanthan gum;
the ceramic layer structure material comprises: dead-burned MgO, soluble dihydrogen phosphate, borax, soluble hydrogen phosphate and curing agent;
the porous layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 1-10 parts of cement, 50-120 parts of active components, 1-10 parts of exciting agent, 1-10 parts of balling agent, 1-10 parts of dispersing agent, 0-3 parts of migration agent and 1-10 parts of xanthan gum;
the ceramic layer structure material comprises the following components in parts by weight: dead burned MgO 20-80 parts, soluble dihydrogen phosphate 10-60 parts, borax 0.5-4 parts, soluble hydrogen phosphate 1-10 parts and curing agent 5-10 parts;
the migration agent is K 2 O and/or Na 2 O。
2. The aggregate of claim 1, wherein,
the porous layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of cement, 50-110 parts of active components, 1-10 parts of exciting agent, 3-10 parts of balling agent, 2-10 parts of dispersing agent, 0.1-2.5 parts of migration agent and 1-5 parts of xanthan gum;
the ceramic layer structure material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-60 parts of dead burned MgO, 10-40 parts of soluble dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5-3 parts of borax, 1-5 parts of soluble hydrogen phosphate and 5-10 parts of curing agent.
3. Aggregate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the amounts of core material, porous layer material and ceramic layer structure material is (0.1-1.2): 1: (2-3).
4. An aggregate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
the active components comprise the following components in parts by weight: 30-50 parts of fly ash, 10-30 parts of active blast furnace slag, 10-20 parts of silica fume, 1-10 parts of kaolin and 0-1 part of stone powder;
the excitant is at least one of quicklime, gypsum, calcium hydroxide, sodium silicate, sodium sulfate and triethanolamine;
the balling agent is at least one of polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, starch and bentonite;
the dispersing agent is at least one of sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate and polycarboxylate.
5. An aggregate according to claim 1 or 2, wherein,
the curing agent is at least one of acrylic emulsion, epoxy emulsion and VAE emulsion;
the soluble monobasic phosphate is potassium dihydrogen phosphate and/or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate;
the soluble hydrogen phosphate is dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and/or diammonium hydrogen phosphate.
6. A method for preparing an aggregate as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
s1: stirring and mixing the cement, the active component, the exciting agent, the balling agent, the dispersing agent, the xanthan gum and the optional migration agent uniformly, and drying and screening to obtain the porous layer material; mixing the porous layer material with the core material for spray granulation to obtain porous layer granules with the surface not completely dried;
s2: uniformly stirring and mixing the dead burned MgO, the soluble dihydrogen phosphate, the borax, the soluble hydrogen phosphate and water to obtain an aqueous solution; and (3) spraying the aqueous solution and the curing agent on the granulating surface of the porous layer with the surface not completely dried in sequence, curing and drying to obtain the aggregate.
7. The method for preparing an aggregate according to claim 6, wherein, in step S1,
the temperature of the drying treatment is 100-200 ℃;
the spray used for the spray granulation is water or a mixed solution of water and triethanolamine.
8. The method for preparing an aggregate according to claim 7, wherein the mass ratio of triethanolamine to water is 1: (0.15-0.3).
9. The method for preparing an aggregate according to claim 6, wherein, in step S2,
the ratio of the mass of the water to the sum of the mass of the dead burned MgO, the soluble dihydrogen phosphate, the borax and the soluble hydrogen phosphate is (0.1-0.3): 1, a step of;
the maintenance treatment is carried out in a high-temperature high-humidity oxidation kiln or a standard maintenance room; the maintenance treatment time is 22-26 hours;
the temperature of the drying treatment is 100-200 ℃;
the particle size of the aggregate is 40-200 meshes.
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