CN114538550A

CN114538550A - Solar seawater desalination device of vacuumizing device

Info

Publication number: CN114538550A
Application number: CN202110757241.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭春生; 李蒸; 韩卓晟; 许艳锋; 刘元帅; 马军; 薛丽红; 逯晓康; 刘百川; 宁文婧; 杨沛东; 姜鲲; 黑吉芳; 李宝瑞; 于永升; 周晓雨
Original assignee: Shandong University
Current assignee: Shandong University
Priority date: 2020-11-19
Filing date: 2021-07-05
Publication date: 2022-05-27
Anticipated expiration: 2041-07-05
Also published as: CN114538550B

Abstract

The invention provides a solar seawater desalination device which comprises an evaporation area and a water storage tank, wherein seawater is evaporated in the evaporation area, and steam formed after evaporation is condensed to form fresh water which enters the water storage tank for storage. The invention designs a loop heat pipe solar heat collector with a novel structure, wherein the vacuum pump is used for vacuumizing the interior of the device; controlling the connection and disconnection of the vacuum pump and the evaporation area by using an electromagnetic valve; the degree of vacuum in the pipe is detected by a pressure vacuum sensor, and the degree of progress of the vacuum process is determined.

Description

Solar seawater desalination device of vacuumizing device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of solar energy, and particularly relates to a solar seawater desalination system.

Background

With the rapid development of modern socioeconomic, the demand of human beings on energy is increasing. However, the continuous decrease and shortage of traditional energy reserves such as coal, oil, natural gas and the like causes the continuous increase of price, and the environmental pollution problem caused by the conventional fossil fuel is more serious, which greatly limits the development of society and the improvement of the life quality of human beings. Energy problems have become one of the most prominent problems in the contemporary world. Therefore, the search for new energy sources, especially clean energy sources without pollution, has become a hot spot of research.

The solar energy is an inexhaustible clean energy and has huge resource quantity, and the total quantity of solar radiation energy collected on the surface of the earth every year is 1 multiplied by 10¹⁸kW.h, which is more than ten thousand times of the total energy consumed in the world year. The utilization of solar energy has been regarded as an important item for the development of new energy in all countries of the world, wherein the utilization of solar energy occupies a prominent position in particular. However, the solar radiation has a small energy density (about one kilowatt per square meter) reaching the earth and is discontinuous, which brings certain difficulties for large-scale exploitation. Therefore, in order to widely utilize solar energy, it is necessary to not only solve the technical problems but also economically compete with conventional energy sources.

The shortage and the increasing demand of fresh water resources become a very important problem for people in the last century, and therefore, it is necessary to obtain fresh water resources from waste water, salt water, ground, sea water and other alternative resources. Since 97% of water on the earth is seawater, the seawater desalination technology has great application prospect in solving the problem. At present, the common commercial solar seawater desalination mode has a complex structure and can consume high-grade energy seriously.

Based on the universality and indifference of solar energy distribution, the solar distiller can provide a solution for water shortage in remote and arid areas; meanwhile, the industrialization of module scale can be realized. The solar distiller has the characteristics of simple structure, low cost, available raw materials in place, low maintenance cost and the like. However, the solar still has long water production time and low efficiency, so the solar still can produce energy dailyForce of about 2-3L/m²Thermal efficiency is about 30%, so solar distillers are not generally used. Accordingly, there is a need in the art for further improvements or improvements to better achieve efficient use of solar energy to drive water evaporation and accelerate condensation to meet the needs of modern clean drinking water.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide the high-efficiency focusing solar seawater desalination device, which can reduce the cost and effectively utilize solar energy.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a solar seawater desalination device, comprising: the solar energy cover, the inner wall bottom of solar energy cover has the fresh water collecting vat, be provided with the fresh water delivery port in the fresh water collecting vat, the fresh water delivery port links to each other with the fresh water bin.

The utility model provides a solar energy sea water desalination device, includes evaporating zone and storage water tank, and the sea water evaporates in the evaporating zone, and the steam that forms after the evaporation condenses forms fresh water and gets into the storage water tank and store, its characterized in that, including vacuum environment control module group, vacuum environment control module group includes solenoid valve 5, pressure vacuum sensor, solenoid valve 7, solenoid valve 3, evacuating device, and evacuating device passes through solenoid valve 5 and solenoid valve 7 and connects the evaporating zone, and the storage water tank is connected to the pipeline between solenoid valve 5 and the solenoid valve 7 on, sets up solenoid valve 3 on the pipeline between storage water tank and solenoid valve 5, the solenoid valve 7, and pressure vacuum sensor connects the evaporating zone for detect the vacuum of evaporating zone.

Preferably, before the device is operated, the solenoid valves 3 and 6 are closed, the solenoid valves 5 and 7 are opened, and the evaporation area is vacuumized by the vacuumizing device.

Preferably, in operation, the solenoid valve 5 is closed and the solenoid valves 7, 3 are opened so that condensate is continuously drained into the reservoir. When the vacuum degree detected by the vacuum pressure sensor does not meet the requirement, the electromagnetic valve 5 is opened, and the vacuumizing device performs vacuumizing operation. When the vacuum degree detected by the vacuum pressure sensor reaches the requirement, the electromagnetic valve 5 is closed, and the vacuumizing device stops vacuumizing operation.

Preferably, before the device is operated, the electromagnetic valves 7 and 6 are closed, the electromagnetic valves 3 and 5 are opened, and the water storage tank is vacuumized by the vacuumizing device.

The solar energy cover, the inner wall bottom of solar energy cover has the fresh water collecting vat, be provided with the fresh water delivery port in the fresh water collecting vat, the fresh water delivery port links to each other with the fresh water bin.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. according to the invention, water is rapidly changed into water vapor by the heat generated under the vacuum condition, the water vapor is condensed and purified to reach the drinking standard, and after the operation of discharging wastewater, the wastewater is discharged by the air blower, so that the intelligent switching function of discharging seawater, fresh water and wastewater is realized, the wastewater discharge is further promoted, and the descaling effect of an evaporation area is realized by blowing air.

2. The organic glass cover in the evaporation area of the core area of the device adopts a hemispherical double-layer inner vacuumizing design, and the device has the advantages of keeping the temperature in the evaporation cover and improving the evaporation efficiency of water.

3. Before the evaporation operation, the thin film evaporation unit of the device is vacuumized, so that the air pressure in the unit is reduced, and the boiling point of water is reduced. The advantage is that the evaporation rate of water is further improved by applying the vacuum evaporation principle.

4. The top end of the hemispherical double-layer organic glass cover, the top end of the water replenishing tank and the pipeline at the front part of the electromagnetic valve 7 for vacuumizing the evaporation area and discharging condensed water are connected by the transparent hose, the advantage of the design is that the gas pressure in the evaporation area and the water replenishing area is always kept consistent, and when the two areas are replenished with water by utilizing the principle of a communicating vessel, the flow velocity of water entering the evaporation area from the water replenishing area is stable.

5. The device collects water vapor by a transparent hose through a pipeline at the top end of the hemispherical double-layer organic glass cover, the top end of the water supplementing tank and the front part of the electromagnetic valve 7 for vacuumizing an evaporation area and discharging condensed water; the pipeline for receiving the condensed water of the drainage ring is used for collecting the condensed water, and the advantage is that gas-liquid two-phase multiple collection is realized.

6. PDMS film has been pasted at double-deck organic glass cover innermost to the sculpture width and the little channel of the rectangle that the degree of depth is 0.5mm on the film, its advantage is to make the water droplet merge the speed and accelerate, thereby be favorable to releasing surface space, do benefit to that vapor further condenses while surface heat transfer coefficient is high, can guarantee that vapor lasts the condensation and the surface flow resistance is little, be favorable to the liquid droplet landing and remove, improve the water intaking volume.

7. By adopting the nano porous graphene oxide film, the porous graphene not only keeps the excellent properties of the graphene, but also promotes the improvement of the material transportation efficiency compared with the inert graphene surface due to the existence of pores. Meanwhile, compared with single-layer graphene, the flexibility and the cost of the graphene oxide are more potential advantages. The unique properties of graphene oxide thin films make them the best candidate membranes for filtration or desalination applications. The device has the advantages that the porous graphene oxide film has the advantages, and the device is an excellent water purification new material integrating high efficiency and energy conservation.

8. And the light energy evaporation film is adopted, so that the energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the efficiency is high. The graphene oxide is used as a high-efficiency and stable photo-thermal conversion material, and has the advantage that low-grade, discontinuous-dispersion solar energy can be converted into high-grade heat energy, so that the solar energy can be utilized to the maximum extent. The device can fully absorb heat generated by solar energy, rapidly change water into vapor, and realize separation of liquid phase and gas phase so as to achieve the water purification effect.

And 9, the PLC control system is divided into two operation modes of automatic control and manual control, and has the advantages that the simple and convenient full-automatic operation requirement during normal operation can be met, the operation can be manually adjusted according to special working conditions and special requirements, and the operation mode is very simple and easy to operate.

10. The device is small in size and convenient to carry, the whole volume is 800 × 500 mm, the occupied area is about 0.4 square meter, and the device can be widely applied to the field of ships and can be operated remotely.

11. The daily power consumption of the device is 2.056 degrees under the condition of operating all day. When the solar cell panel is adopted to supply power to the device, an external power supply is not needed. The unit water production price of the device is 1-3 yuan lower than that of other products in the market.

12. The residual heat of flue gas on the ship is fully utilized to heat the water replenishing tank, and the full utilization of heat energy is realized.

13. The utility model provides a new samming device, through set up the drainage plate in the flue gas pipe for gaseous some flows along the drainage plate and guides to opposite direction, with the gaseous intensive mixing of opposite direction entering, thereby realize gaseous temperature is even, with the needs of realizing further heat transfer, improve product life.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main components of a solar seawater desalination plant

FIG. 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 is a diagram of the internal structure of a solar seawater desalination system

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a thin film evaporation unit

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a thin film evaporation unit of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the appearance of the plexiglass cover of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a die assembly of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a condensate drain ring structure according to the present invention;

FIG. 8 is an axial cross-sectional view of a flue gas duct incorporating a flow diverter plate in accordance with the present invention;

figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the size of the flue gas duct setting baffle of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of 1 drainage plate per layer.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view of 3 drainage plates per layer.

Fig. 12 is a product entity diagram of the solar seawater desalination device.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of main components of a practical product of the device. As shown in fig. 1, seawater passes through a joint 3, is treated by a pretreatment filter element, enters a water supplementing tank through a water pump 2, then enters an evaporation area through the water supplementing tank, is evaporated in the evaporation area, and is condensed into fresh water after being evaporated, and the fresh water enters a water storage tank for storage. Fresh water passes through the water pump 1, then is filtered by the post-treatment filter element, and is utilized through the joint 4. The spent brine from the evaporation zone is discharged to a waste water collection unit.

Preferably, an electromagnetic valve 1 is arranged between the water pump 2 and the water replenishing tank, and the electromagnetic valve 1 is used for controlling the water pump to work. The moisturizing case sets up in water pump upper portion, through setting up solenoid valve 1, prevents that the water that has got into the moisturizing case from under the action of gravity, backward flow to water pump downwards, alleviates the pressure that the water pump impeller receives, improves the water pump life-span.

Preferably, an electromagnetic valve 9 is arranged between the water pump 1 and the water storage tank, and the electromagnetic valve 9 is used for controlling the water pump to work. The electromagnetic valve 9 has the functions of: the water entering the water storage tank is prevented from flowing downwards to the water pump under the action of gravity, the pressure borne by the impeller of the water pump is reduced, and the service life of the water pump is prolonged. 2 the time of the fresh water collected in the water storage tank of the discharging device can be controlled by controlling the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 9.

Preferably, an electromagnetic valve 2 is arranged between the evaporation area and the wastewater collection device, and the wastewater is discharged by opening and closing the electromagnetic valve 2.

The device is a solar vacuum seawater desalination device based on photothermal conversion and nano porous graphene oxide materials. The device is controlled by a PLC control system based on a mechanical system and integrally adopted, and can realize automatic operation of the platform. The film of graphene oxide is oxidized by using a photo-thermal material, solar energy is fully absorbed and utilized, water is rapidly changed into water vapor by the heat generated by the film under the vacuum condition, and the water vapor is condensed and purified to reach the drinking standard.

As described in further detail below. As shown in fig. 1, solar seawater desalination system, including film evaporation unit, automatic water supply unit, gaseous control unit and aftertreatment unit, the automatic water supply unit supplies the sea water to film evaporation unit, evaporates in film evaporation unit and produces vapor, vapor exports aftertreatment unit, gaseous control unit includes external vacuum pump and external air blower, switching between control system control vacuum pump and the air blower, the vacuum environment of evaporating the sea water is realized through the vacuum pump, then when seawater desalination moves to needs and carries out the waste water of wasting discharge, closes the vacuum pump, and air blower input air outwards discharges waste water. According to the invention, water is rapidly changed into water vapor by the heat generated under the vacuum condition, the water vapor is condensed and purified to reach the drinking standard, and after the operation of discharging wastewater, the wastewater is discharged by the air blower, so that the intelligent switching function of discharging seawater, fresh water and wastewater is realized, the wastewater discharge is further promoted, and the descaling effect of an evaporation area is realized by blowing air.

The evaporation principle of the film evaporation unit is that the micro-nano film material absorbs light energy and heat energy in the environment to be converted into self heat, and water molecules on the surface of the film material are heated to be continuously converted into steam. Because of the gas concentration difference in the pipeline, the steam can automatically flow in the pipeline.

The vacuum evaporation principle used means: the evaporation operation is carried out under vacuum, i.e. the boiling point of the solution is lowered at low pressure and a large amount of water is evaporated with less steam. By utilizing the principle, the boiling point of the solution can be effectively reduced, and the utilization of a low-temperature heat source is realized, so that the energy consumption is reduced.

As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the film evaporation unit comprises an evaporation area and a water replenishing area, the two areas are communicated with each other through a pipeline, and water is replenished from the water replenishing area to the evaporation area. The water replenishing area is slightly higher than the evaporating area, so that the water utilization in the film evaporating area is sufficient, the tension on the surface of the film is stable, the film can be fully contacted with the liquid level in the evaporating process, and the evaporating process is better realized. Preferably, a manual regulating valve for controlling the flow is connected to a pipeline from the water replenishing area to the evaporation area, and the water in the test area can not overflow the membrane by manually or automatically regulating the flow.

Preferably, a water level meter is arranged in the evaporation area and used for measuring the water level in the evaporation area, the water level meter is in data connection with a controller, and the controller automatically controls the opening and closing of the valve according to the water level measured by the water level meter.

When the water level measured by the water level gauge reaches the height of the film, the controller controls the valve to be closed, the phenomenon that the water level is too high to cover the film is avoided, and when the water level measured by the water level gauge is lower than the height of the porous medium, the controller controls the valve to be opened, the phenomenon that the water level is too low is avoided, and therefore the seawater desalination efficiency is influenced.

Preferably, the evaporation zone comprises an organic glass cover, a shell component, a pressed film component and a nano-porous graphene oxide film.

Preferably, the organic glass cover is of a double-layer semicircular arc structure. The organic glass cover adopts the 'pot cover principle', so that the liquefied water can directly flow down along the inner wall of the semicircular glass cover, and the nano porous graphene oxide film is prevented from being wetted by the direct flow-down of the water, and the evaporation rate is influenced. The organic glass plate is a high-transmittance organic glass plate and is placed at the top of the evaporation area to meet the illumination condition. Meanwhile, the organic glass cover adopts a double-layer design, the vacuumizing treatment is performed in the middle of two layers of organic glass in advance, the purpose is to insulate heat, and the heat of an evaporation area is prevented from being dissipated to the environment through the organic glass cover so as to collect more water vapor.

PDMS film has been pasted at double-deck organic glass cover innermost to the sculpture width and degree of depth have been 0.5 mm's rectangle microchannel on the film, and its advantage is to make the water droplet merge the speed and accelerate, thereby be favorable to releasing surface space, do benefit to that vapor further condenses while surface heat transfer coefficient is high, can guarantee that vapor lasts the condensation and the surface flow resistance is little, is favorable to the liquid droplet landing and removes, improves the water intaking volume.

Preferably, the housing assembly comprises three layers, which are stacked one on top of the other. From bottom to top, the first layer is the portion of the evaporation zone in the base that is shared by the evaporation zone and the water replenishing zone in the thin film evaporation unit. It is used for placing a metal porous medium which sucks water from the lower part to the upper part of the medium through capillary suction force. The second layer is a cylindrical shell on the base and below the double-layer organic glass cover. The middle part of the shell is provided with a drainage hole which is externally connected with a condensed water collecting pipeline, and the inner side of the drainage hole is aligned with the lowest point of the condensed water drainage ring. The inside of the shell is divided into two parts, the inner diameter of the lower part is small, and the inner diameter of the upper part is large, so that the film pressing assembly can be placed in the shell. The nano porous graphene oxide film is arranged on the upper portion of the porous medium and used for uniformly diffusing water absorbed by the metal porous medium, fully absorbing and utilizing solar energy, rapidly changing water into water vapor by heat generated by the nano porous graphene oxide film under a vacuum condition, and the third layer of shell is arranged on the second layer of shell and is hermetically connected with the second layer of shell to ensure the fixation and airtightness of the whole evaporation area. The edge of the plexiglass cover is embedded between the second and third shells. Preferably, the three layers of the housing assembly are insulated to prevent heat from the membrane from being dissipated to the housing assembly in a thermally conductive manner. Inside two-layer can be dismantled, can carry out artifical clearance impurity to inside after long-time work, prevents to block up.

As shown in fig. 4 and 7, the laminated film assembly is disposed on the second housing assembly and includes a lower laminated film assembly and an upper laminated film assembly, the lower laminated film assembly includes a spongy porous medium, and the upper laminated film assembly includes a nano-porous graphene oxide film. This application has adopted nanometer porous graphene oxide film, and porous graphene has not only kept the good nature of graphite alkene, compares the graphite alkene surface of inertia moreover, and the existence in hole has promoted the improvement of material transportation efficiency. Meanwhile, the flexibility and the cost of the graphene oxide are more potential advantages than those of single-layer graphene. The unique properties of graphene oxide membranes make them the best candidate membranes for filtration or desalination applications. The device has the advantages that the porous graphene oxide film has the advantages, and the device is an excellent water purification new material integrating high efficiency and energy conservation. And the light energy evaporation film is adopted, so that the energy is saved, the environment is protected, and the efficiency is high. The graphene oxide is used as an efficient and stable photo-thermal conversion material, and has the advantage that low-grade, discrete and discontinuous solar energy can be converted into high-grade heat energy, so that the solar energy can be utilized to the maximum extent. The device can fully absorb heat generated by solar energy, rapidly change water into vapor, and realize separation of liquid phase and gas phase so as to achieve the water purification effect.

A drainage ring is arranged above the film pressing component. As shown in fig. 7, the drain ring includes a horizontal wall provided at the filter paper pressing sheet and a vertical wall provided inside the horizontal wall and extending upward such that the cross-section of the drain ring forms an L-shape. The water outlet is arranged on the shell opposite to the vertical wall. By providing a drainage ring, the water condensing on the perspex will flow down the tube wall and around the drainage into the pipe. Preferably, the horizontal wall may be an inclined wall, so that the drain ring is designed with an inclined angle, which may prevent water leakage, so that the liquefied water flows out of the evaporation zone immediately.

Preferably, the water outlet is opposite the lowest point of the drain ring.

Preferably, the water outlet is also an air outlet at the same time, and the air outlet is connected with the air blower through a pipeline. When air is required to be conveyed, the electromagnetic valve 7 on the water outlet pipeline is closed, the electromagnetic valve on the air outlet pipeline is opened, air is blown to the inside, dirt on the surface of the evaporation area is blown through the blowing, and meanwhile, accumulated water is further blown away, so that the water yield is calculated more accurately. Preferably, the shell component at the lower part of the sponge porous medium is provided with an air blowing port, and the lower part of the first layer shell component is provided with a wastewater outlet. Through setting up the waste water mouth, realize the emission of waste water. Through setting up the mouth of blowing, can further realize waste water discharge and scale removal effect.

Preferably, the bottom of the evaporation zone is provided with a seawater concentration detection device for detecting the concentration of seawater, and the controller automatically controls the seawater discharge according to the detected seawater concentration. If the measured seawater concentration exceeds a certain value, the controller controls the electromagnetic valve 2 to be opened, the waste water outlet at the lower part of the evaporation area is opened, and the strong brine is discharged from the waste water outlet. If the measured seawater concentration is lower than a certain value, the controller controls the circulation solenoid valve 2 to be closed.

Preferably, the automatic water supply unit can realize continuous and stable input of seawater and real-time adjustment of water delivery rate according to water level change in the evaporation process.

The automatic water supply unit is communicated with an external water storage tank, and the external water storage tank is connected with a pretreatment filter element through a joint 3, so that water supply to the water replenishing tank of the device is realized. The control of the water supply speed and the start and stop of the water supply function are realized by using the electromagnetic valve. And monitoring the internal pressure of the pipeline in real time by using a pressure sensor. The water level of the upper water replenishing tank of the device is monitored by a device water level meter. The water replenishing tank is utilized to store the pretreated seawater, so that the influence on the evaporation environment in the film evaporation area due to the change of water pressure in the water supply process is avoided.

The automatic water supply unit comprises a water inlet pipeline, an external water storage tank, a solenoid valve 1, a pressure sensor, a water level sensor, a pretreatment filter element and a water pump 2. The external storage water tank of water inlet line connection, external storage water tank pass through joint 3 and connect the pretreatment filter core, and water pump 2 is connected to the pretreatment filter core, sets up the storage water tank between water pump 2 and the pretreatment filter core. An electromagnetic valve 1 is arranged between the water pump 2 and the water replenishing tank

The water inlet pipeline in the automatic water supply unit is positioned in front of the water replenishing tank, and the water inlet pipeline interface is led to the outside of the external water storage tank body and is used for connecting the external water tank or directly connecting a water source; the electromagnetic valve is arranged on the water inlet pipeline and controls the water pump to pump seawater to be input into the water storage tank from the primary filtering device; the pressure sensors are respectively positioned on the water inlet pipelines and used for monitoring the pressure change of the film evaporation area in real time; the water level of the water replenishing tank of the water level gauge monitoring device is utilized to judge the water consumption condition of the evaporation area, and then the water level of the water replenishing tank is controlled by opening and closing the electromagnetic valve 1 and starting and stopping the water pump 2, so that the automatic control of the water consumption of the film evaporation area and the stability of the water pressure are ensured.

The gas control unit completes the conversion between the vacuum environment module and the gas inlet module through the switching between the external vacuum pump and the gas blower.

The vacuum environment control module can vacuumize the interior of the device, so that a vacuum environment in the device is constructed.

The vacuum environment control module can vacuumize the interior of the device, create a vacuum environment for an evaporation process, realize the utilization of a vacuum evaporation principle, and effectively increase the evaporation rate by exhausting air in the device.

The vacuum environment control module realizes the vacuum pumping treatment of the interior of the device by a vacuum pump; controlling the connection and disconnection of a vacuum pump and an evaporation area by using an electromagnetic valve; the degree of vacuum in the pipe is detected by a pressure vacuum sensor, and the degree of progress of the vacuum process is determined.

The technical indexes which can be realized by the unit are as follows: the vacuum degree in the device is less than 1 Pa.

As shown in fig. 1, the vacuum environment control module comprises a solenoid valve 5, a pressure vacuum sensor, a solenoid valve 7, a solenoid valve 3, and a vacuum pumping device, preferably a vacuum pump. The vacuumizing device is connected with the evaporation area through the electromagnetic valve 5 and the electromagnetic valve 7, the water storage tank is connected to a pipeline between the electromagnetic valve 5 and the electromagnetic valve 7, the electromagnetic valve 3 is arranged on the pipeline between the water storage tank and the electromagnetic valve 5 and the pipeline between the water storage tank and the electromagnetic valve 7, and the pressure vacuum sensor is connected with the evaporation area and used for detecting the vacuum degree of the evaporation area.

Preferably, before the device is operated, the electromagnetic valves 3 and 6 are closed, the electromagnetic valves 5 and 7 are opened, and the evaporation area is vacuumized through the vacuumizing device.

Preferably, in operation, the solenoid valve 5 is closed and the solenoid valves 7, 3 are opened so that condensate is continuously drained into the storage tank. When the vacuum degree detected by the vacuum pressure sensor does not meet the requirement, the electromagnetic valve 5 is opened, and the vacuumizing device performs vacuumizing operation. When the vacuum degree detected by the vacuum pressure sensor reaches the requirement, the electromagnetic valve 5 is closed, and the vacuumizing device stops vacuumizing operation.

By vacuumizing the water storage tank and the evaporation area,the device can create a vacuum environment in its entirety, including the evaporation zone of the device Vacuumizing and vacuumizing the water storage tank. Thereby further improving the efficiency of seawater desalination.

Preferably, before the operation of the apparatus, the solenoid valves 7, 6 are closed and the solenoid valves 3, 5 are opened, and the operation is performed by a vacuum-pumping device And (5) vacuumizing the water storage tank.

The pressure vacuum sensor is arranged on a pipeline between the vacuum environment control unit and the thin film evaporation area unit, can monitor the vacuum degree in the pipeline in real time, further judges the proceeding degree of vacuum pumping treatment, feeds the degree back to the electromagnetic valve 5 from the proceeding degree, and controls the on-off of the vacuum pump and the evaporation area. Preferably, the external vacuum pump consists of a VRD-4 bipolar rotary vane vacuum pump and a KF16 multiplied by 100 vacuum bellows, wherein the KF16 multiplied by 100 vacuum bellows is used as an air extraction pipeline and is connected with an internal pipeline interface of the device. The vacuum pump is a VRD-4 bipolar rotary vane vacuum pump, an automatic anti-oil return valve is arranged in the vacuum pump, the limiting pressure is 0.5Pa, and the interface is KF 16. The vacuum pump is arranged at a position which is not contacted with the box body, so that the influence of the vibration generated by the vacuum pump on the evaporation can be prevented. Because the evaporation medium is vapor, so in order to prevent polluting the vacuum gauge and causing damage, the vacuum gauge is arranged at the opening of the vacuum pump, and the measuring range of the used vacuum gauge is as follows:

The air inlet module can blow dry air into the device before a working period begins, and the water yield in the evaporation process can be correctly measured.

The air inlet module can blow dry air into the device after one working period is finished, so that steam generated in the evaporation process can be liquefied sufficiently and flows out, and waste water can be discharged completely.

The air inlet module uses a compressor device to blow dry air into the pipeline; liquefying the residual water vapor by using a condenser; the gas is discharged from the gas outlet, the electromagnetic valve 5 is used for controlling the on-off of the compressor device and the inside of the device, and the device at the gas outlet is communicated with the atmosphere.

The collecting and measuring unit can further purify the evaporated seawater to reach the standard of drinking water, and simultaneously obtain the real-time evaporation parameters and the average evaporation parameters of the film material.

The post-treatment unit comprises a filtering device, and the liquefied water is treated by the filtering device. The filtering device sequentially comprises a PP filter element, a resin filter element, RO reverse osmosis and active carbon, thereby realizing the secondary purification of the liquefied water. The PP filter element realizes the filtration of impurities, colloid and macromolecules; the resin filter element achieves the effects of desalting water and changing hard water into soft water; removing ions and pathogenic bacteria by RO reverse osmosis; the post-positioned active carbon is used for improving the taste of the drinking water.

As shown in fig. 1, the post-treatment unit consists of a water storage tank, a post-treatment filter element and a water pump 1. And the condensed water of the evaporation device enters the post-treatment module. The water storage tank is connected with the electromagnetic valve 9 through a pipeline, then connected with the water pump 1 through a pipeline, and finally connected with the filter element through a pipeline.

The input pipeline of the post-treatment device is connected with the condenser pipeline, the output pipeline is directly connected with the collecting device, the tail end of the input pipeline is connected with the water storage tank, the water outlet of the water storage tank is connected with the electromagnetic valve 9 and the water pump 1, the electromagnetic valve 9 controls the water pump pipeline to be opened and closed, and the water outlet of the water pump is connected with the filter element to ensure that liquid water is fully filtered by the filter membrane in the post-treatment device and make residual condensed water in the device to be discharged. Preferably, VCR connectors are adopted at the pipelines at the two sides of the post-processing device, so that the post-processing device is convenient to disassemble.

The wastewater treatment device can realize the discharge of wastewater and ensure the density of seawater in the evaporation area.

After the evaporation is carried out for a certain time, preferably 5 hours, the whole device can integrally carry out a cycle of air inflation, waste water discharge, vacuum pumping and water inlet, the unit reduces the internal and external pressure difference after the air inflation, and opens the electromagnetic valve so as to discharge the waste water in the evaporation area by using the gravity effect.

The wastewater treatment device comprises an external wastewater tank, an electromagnetic valve 2 and a pipeline. The electromagnetic valve 2 is positioned between the evaporation zone and the external wastewater tank, and by opening the electromagnetic valve 2, wastewater in the evaporation zone of the device can completely flow into the external wastewater tank due to self gravity, and the air inlet module is opened to blow air into the device, so that the discharge of residual wastewater in the device is promoted.

Before evaporation operation, the device needs to be subjected to vacuum treatment through a vacuum environment control module to reduce the boiling point of water so as to ensure evaporation efficiency. The vacuum environment control module consists of an electromagnetic valve 5, a pressure vacuum sensor, an external vacuum pump and a pipeline. The electromagnetic valve 5 is arranged on the air exhaust pipeline and can control the connection and disconnection of the vacuum pump and the evaporation area. The pressure vacuum sensor is arranged on a pipeline between the vacuum environment control unit and the thin film evaporation area unit, can monitor the vacuum degree in the pipeline in real time, further judges the proceeding degree of vacuum pumping treatment, feeds the degree back to the electromagnetic valve 5 from the proceeding degree, and controls the on-off of the vacuum pump and the evaporation area. The external vacuum pump consists of a VRD-4 bipolar rotary vane vacuum pump and KF16 multiplied by 100 vacuum bellows, wherein the KF16 multiplied by 100 vacuum bellows is used as an air extraction pipeline and is connected with an internal pipeline interface of the device. The vacuum pump is a VRD-4 bipolar rotary vane vacuum pump, an automatic anti-oil return valve is arranged in the vacuum pump, the limit pressure is 0.5Pa, and the interface is KF 16. The vacuum pump is arranged at a position which is not contacted with the box body, so that the influence of the vibration generated by the vacuum pump on the evaporation can be prevented. Because the evaporation medium is vapor, so in order to prevent polluting the vacuum gauge and causing damage, the vacuum gauge is arranged at the opening of the vacuum pump, and the measurement range of the used vacuum gauge is as follows: 1 x 10^-5～×10⁵Pa

Seawater enters the device through the automatic water supply unit and supplies water to the water replenishing area of the film evaporation area, and the automatic water supply unit is communicated with an external water storage tank to realize water supply to a water tank of the device. The control of the water supply speed and the start and stop of the water supply function are realized by using the electromagnetic valve. And monitoring the internal pressure of the pipeline in real time by using a pressure sensor. The water level of the upper water tank of the device is monitored by using a transparent hose at the right side of the device. The upper water storage tank is utilized to store the pretreated seawater, so that the influence on the evaporation environment in the film evaporation area due to the change of water pressure in the water supply process is avoided.

The film evaporation area comprises an evaporation area and a water replenishing area, the two areas are mutually communicated through a pipeline, and water is replenished to the evaporation area from the water replenishing area. The water replenishing area is slightly higher than the evaporating area, so that the water in the film evaporating area is sufficient, the tension of the surface of the evaporating film is stable, the evaporating film can fully contact the liquid level in the evaporating process, and the evaporating process is better realized. Two areas connect the pipes: the pipeline from the water replenishing area to the evaporation area is connected with a valve for controlling the flow, and the water in the test area can not overflow the film by manually adjusting the flow. The sewage evaporates in the evaporation zone and condenses on the plexiglas mantle, and the condensed water will flow down the mantle and around the drain into the pipe. The water discharge ring is designed to have an inclination angle, so that the problem of water leakage caused by water storage can be prevented, and liquefied water can flow out of the evaporation area immediately.

Condensed water flowing out of the evaporation zone enters the post-treatment unit through a pipeline, an input pipeline of the post-treatment device is connected with the pipeline of the evaporation zone, an output pipeline is directly connected with the collecting device, the tail end of the input pipeline is connected with the water storage tank, a water outlet of the water storage tank is connected with the electromagnetic valve 9 and the water pump 1, the electromagnetic valve 9 controls the opening and closing of the pipeline of the water pump, and a water outlet of the water pump is connected with the filter element to ensure that liquid water is fully filtered by a filter membrane in the post-treatment device and residual condensed water in the device is discharged. And pipelines on two sides of the post-processing device are both provided with VCR connectors, so that the post-processing device is convenient to disassemble.

The high-concentration wastewater after the evaporation operation is finished is discharged through the wastewater treatment module, so that preparation is made for further harmless treatment. The wastewater treatment module consists of an external wastewater tank, an electromagnetic valve 2 and a pipeline. The electromagnetic valve 2 is positioned between the evaporation area and the external wastewater tank, and by opening the electromagnetic valve 2, wastewater in the evaporation area of the device can completely flow into the external wastewater tank due to self gravity, the air inlet module is opened, air is blown into the device, and the discharge of residual wastewater in the device is promoted.

The whole operation process can be carried out through two operation modes, namely manual operation and automatic operation, the device can be adjusted according to actual sewage types, and the adaptability of the device to different working environments is improved. Meanwhile, in order to further improve the performance such as coordination, flexibility and the like among modules of the film evaporation tester and solve the problems of low manual operation efficiency, large human error and the like, an S7-200 SMART programmable PLC controller produced by Germany Siemens company is selected as a control system. The PLC controller is utilized to drive the electromagnetic valve timing switch, and the characteristics of powerful functions, simple programming, complete matching, stable performance, convenient use and the like of the PLC are fully combined, so that the flexible control of each evaporation stage is realized.

As an improvement, the seawater desalination device is arranged on a ship. The device can also utilize the flue gas waste heat on the ship boiler.

The flue gas is led out by a bypass of a main engine exhaust pipeline, and is blown into the water replenishing tank through the blower after being filtered, so as to heat hot water in the water replenishing tank.

Preferably, the system comprises a temperature equalizing device, wherein the temperature equalizing device is arranged on a pipeline for the flue gas to enter the water replenishing tank. The flue gas heats the water in the water replenishing tank through a plurality of heat exchange tubes arranged on the water replenishing tank. The temperature of water can be improved by preheating the water in the water replenishing tank in advance, so that the efficiency of seawater desalination is further improved.

Preferably, the flue gas is output from the flue gas duct through a plurality of nozzles, each nozzle being connected to a heat exchange tube.

As shown in FIG. 8, a temperature equalizing device is provided in the flue gas duct, wherein a flow guide plate 52 extending from the inner wall 51 of the flue gas duct to the center of the flue gas duct is provided in the flue gas duct, the flow guide plate 52 comprises a first curved wall 521 and a second curved wall 522 extending from the inner wall, wherein an acute angle formed by a tangent at the connection between the first curved wall 521 and the inner wall 51 and the inner wall is smaller than an acute angle formed by a tangent at the connection between the second curved wall 522 and the inner wall, the first curved wall 521 and the second curved wall 522 extend in a curved manner towards the flow direction of flue gas, the curved direction is also towards the flow direction of flue gas, and an intersection point 523 of the first curved wall 521 and the second curved wall 522 is located downstream of the connection between the first curved wall 521 and the inner wall 51 and downstream of the connection between the second curved wall 522 and the inner wall. The shape of the flow guide plate 52 is the shape formed by the first 521 and second 522 curved walls and the inner wall rotated along the axis of the flue gas duct.

The flue gas can lead to the layering to appear the difference in temperature because different positions keep warm different and convection current reason in the transmission course, especially to many mouthfuls of input flue gases, utilizes under the flue gas waste heat condition, leads to the heat transfer inhomogeneous in the distiller, influences the heat transfer and the life of product. The invention provides a flue gas heat exchanger, which is characterized in that the drainage plate is arranged in the flue gas pipeline, so that a part of flue gas flows along the drainage plate and is guided to the opposite direction, and the flue gas is fully mixed with the flue gas entering from the opposite direction, thereby realizing uniform temperature of the flue gas, further realizing the heat exchange requirement and prolonging the service life of products.

According to the invention, the drainage plate is respectively provided with the first bending wall and the second bending wall, and the two bending walls are arranged, so that the disturbance effect of smoke is better, the area of the drainage plate contacting with the inner wall is increased, and the stability is improved. And through setting up the second crooked wall for flue gas that comes from the opposite direction water conservancy diversion also can be along the crooked direction motion of second crooked wall direction, increases the buffering, reduces flow resistance.

Preferably, the first curved wall 521 and the second curved wall 522 are arcs, wherein the diameter of the arc of the first curved wall 521 is smaller than the diameter of the arc of the second curved wall 522.

According to the invention, the first wall and the second wall are arc-shaped, so that the smoke flow resistance is smaller, and the smoke flows to the opposite side easily to be mixed.

Preferably, the tangent to the first curved wall 521 at the location of the intersection point 523 forms an included angle with the axis of the flue gas duct of 30-60 °, preferably 45 °. By providing this angle, fluid can be quickly directed to the opposite downstream location, and flow resistance can be further reduced.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 8, a plurality of layers of flow guide plates 52 are arranged on the inner wall of the flue gas duct along the flow direction of flue gas, and the flow guide plates of adjacent layers are staggered. Through the staggered distribution of the drainage plates of the adjacent rows, the flue gas can fully move to the opposite position in the flue gas pipeline, and the full and uniform mixing is ensured. FIG. 3 shows one drainage plate for each layer. Of course, more than one drainage plate, for example 3 drainage plates, can be provided per layer.

Preferably, the distance between the intersection point and the inner wall of the flue gas duct is 0.3-0.5 times, preferably 0.4 times the diameter of the flue gas duct. With this arrangement, the air has less flow resistance on a well-mixed basis.

Preferably, the length of the first curved wall is greater than the length of the second curved wall.

Preferably, the total radian of the circular arcs connecting the drainage plates of the same layer with the inner wall is 150-. This parameter setting ensures thorough mixing while meeting the resistance requirements. For example, FIGS. 8, 10, and 12 show one for each layer of flow guide plates, with a total arc of 150-. Of course, multiple drainage plates can be arranged on each layer, for example, three drainage plates are arranged on each layer in the total arc of 150-180 degrees in FIG. 8.

As preferablely, A layer drainage plate sets up the polylith, sets up the interval between the A drainage plate, and the equidistant setting of A drainage plate, B layer are the adjacent row on A layer, follow the direction of flow and observe, and B layer drainage plate sets up the interval position department on A layer. Through the complementation of the positions of the drainage plates of the adjacent layers, the smoke can fully move to the opposite position in the smoke pipeline, and the full and uniform mixing is ensured. It should be noted that the layer a and the layer B are not specifically and explicitly specified, and A, B is only used as a distinction and is used as an adjacent layer.

Preferably, along the flow direction of flue gas, flue gas pipeline inner wall sets up a plurality of flow deflectors, and along the flow direction of flue gas, the distribution density of flow deflector is littleer and more. Because the mixing degree of the flue gas is better and better along with the continuous movement of the flue gas, the distribution density is required to be set to be smaller and smaller so as to reduce the flow resistance, and the temperature equalizing effect achieves the basically same effect on the aspects of reducing the resistance and saving the material cost.

Preferably, the distribution density of the flow guide plates is increased along the flowing direction of the smoke, and the distribution density of the flow guide plates is smaller and smaller along the flowing direction of the smoke. The effect is the result of a large number of numerical simulation and evaporation researches, and researches show that the law accords with the law of smoke movement, and the temperature equalizing effect achieves the basically same effect on the aspects of further reduction of resistance and saving of material cost.

Preferably, along the flow direction of flue gas, flue gas pipeline inner wall sets up a plurality of drainage plates, and along the flow direction of flue gas, the size of drainage plate is littleer and smaller. Because the mixing degree of the flue gas is better and better along with the continuous movement of the flue gas, the size of the flue gas is required to be set to be smaller and smaller so as to reduce the flow resistance, and the temperature equalizing effect achieves the basically same effect on the aspects of reducing the resistance and saving the material cost.

As preferred, along the flow direction of flue gas, flue gas pipeline inner wall sets up a plurality of drainage plates, along the flow direction of flue gas, the range that the size of drainage plate is littleer and more constantly increases. The effect is the result of a large number of numerical simulation and evaporation researches, and researches show that the law accords with the law of smoke movement, and the temperature equalizing effect achieves the basically same effect on the aspects of further reduction of resistance and saving of material cost.

Through a large amount of numerical simulation and evaporation research discovery, the angle and the size of drainage plate have very big influence to heat transfer and misce bene, drainage plate and inner wall contained angle are littleer, can lead to the mixed effect variation, and lead to the drainage plate oversize, influence the flow resistance, the contained angle is bigger than normal, lead to stirring fluid effect not good, the resistance grow, the mixed effect variation, the interval of drainage plate is too big, can lead to the vortex effect not good, the interval undersize can lead to increasing the movement resistance, consequently this application has obtained nearest drainage plate structure size optimization relation through a large amount of data simulation and evaporation.

Preferably, the length L2 of the first line between the connection point of the first curved wall and the inner wall and the intersection point 523, the length L1 of the second line between the connection point of the second curved wall and the inner wall and the intersection point 523, the acute angle between the first line and the inner wall is a2, the acute angle between the second line and the inner part is a1, the distance S between the adjacent wedge-shaped structures in the flow direction of the flue gas, i.e. the distance between the center points of the adjacent flow guide plates on the inner wall, and the center point is the midpoint of the connection line between the connection points of the first curved wall, the second curved wall and the inner wall, satisfy the following requirements:

n ═ a-b × ln (M), where N ═ (L1+ L2)/S, M ═ sin (a2)/sin (a 1); ln is a function of the logarithm of the number,

0.263<a<0.264，0.0829<b<0.0831；

Preferably, 0.25< M <0.75,0.28< N <0.35,45< a1<75 °, 15< a2<45 °;

the diameter D of the pipeline 5 is 5000-.

The optimal design requirements of the drainage plate structure can be met by the various types. The structural optimization formula is a main improvement point of the invention, is the most optimized formula researched by a large number of numerical simulations and evaporation, and is not common knowledge in the field.

More preferably, a is 0.2634 and b is 0.0830.

It is found in data simulation and evaporation that the interval between the drainage plate must be greater than certain distance, otherwise can lead to the fluid to guide to opposite direction through last drainage plate, but if the interval undersize between the drainage plate, can lead to the flue gas to flow at opposite, not fully filled with whole pipeline yet, set up the drainage plate this moment, play not can not play the mixed effect, the drainage plate only plays a baffling board effect, does not guide the effect of mixing, can only increase the flow resistance. Therefore, the design scheme of the minimum spacing of the drainage plate is provided through a great deal of research, and the design of the drainage plate has certain guiding significance.

The meeting point 523 is the perpendicular point on the inner wall, the line that the meeting point and the perpendicular point formed is the third line, the distance between the connecting point of the first bending wall and the inner wall and the perpendicular point is H, the acute angle that the first line and the third line formed is A3, the acute angle that the tangent line of the first bending wall at the meeting point position and the axis of the flue gas pipeline formed is A4, the inner pipe diameter of the flue gas pipeline is R, the distance S is designed in the following mode:

(S/H)>a+b*Ln(T)，(S/R)²>c+d*Ln(T)；

Wherein T ═ sin (A3)/sin (a4), 2.74< a <2.75,17.4< b <17.5, 1.998< c <1.999, 3.431< d <3.432, 30< A3<70 °, 20< a4<60 °; preferably 1.07< T < 1.30;

preferably, a is 2.743, b is 17.47, c is 1.9984, d is 0.4316;

according to the invention, through a large amount of evaporation and numerical simulation, the minimum design distance of the drainage plate is obtained, and the resistance is reduced through the design distance, and meanwhile, the full mixing can be realized.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A solar seawater desalination device, comprising: the solar energy cover, the inner wall bottom of solar energy cover has the fresh water collecting vat, be provided with the fresh water delivery port in the fresh water collecting vat, the fresh water delivery port links to each other with the fresh water bin.

2. The utility model provides a solar energy sea water desalination device, includes evaporation zone and storage water tank, and the sea water evaporates in the evaporation zone, and the steam that forms after the evaporation condenses forms fresh water and gets into the storage water tank and store, its characterized in that, including vacuum environment control module group, vacuum environment control module group includes solenoid valve 5, pressure vacuum sensor, solenoid valve 7, solenoid valve 3, evacuating device, and evacuating device passes through solenoid valve 5 and solenoid valve 7 and connects the evaporation zone, and the storage water tank is connected to the pipeline between solenoid valve 5 and the solenoid valve 7 on, sets up solenoid valve 3 on the pipeline between storage water tank and solenoid valve 5, the solenoid valve 7, and pressure vacuum sensor connects the evaporation zone for detect the vacuum of evaporation zone.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein, before the apparatus is operated, the solenoid valves 3, 6 are closed, the solenoid valves 5, 7 are opened, and the evaporation zone is evacuated by the evacuation means.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in operation the solenoid valve 5 is closed and the solenoid valves 7, 3 are opened, so that condensate is continuously drained into the reservoir. When the vacuum degree detected by the vacuum pressure sensor does not meet the requirement, the electromagnetic valve 5 is opened, and the vacuumizing device performs vacuumizing operation. When the vacuum degree detected by the vacuum pressure sensor reaches the requirement, the electromagnetic valve 5 is closed, and the vacuumizing device stops vacuumizing operation.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that before the device is operated, the solenoid valves 7, 6 are closed, the solenoid valves 3, 5 are opened, and the water storage tank is evacuated by the evacuation device.

6. The device as claimed in claim 1, which comprises a solar energy cover, wherein a fresh water collecting tank is arranged at the bottom of the inner wall of the solar energy cover, a fresh water outlet is arranged in the fresh water collecting tank, and the fresh water outlet is connected with a fresh water storage tank.