CN114537161A - 电池组中的模块检测 - Google Patents

电池组中的模块检测 Download PDF

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CN114537161A
CN114537161A CN202111374918.9A CN202111374918A CN114537161A CN 114537161 A CN114537161 A CN 114537161A CN 202111374918 A CN202111374918 A CN 202111374918A CN 114537161 A CN114537161 A CN 114537161A
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battery
controller
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electrically connected
passive circuit
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迈克尔·大卫·比尼
托马斯·J·库珀
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • HELECTRICITY
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    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L58/00Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/21Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/00032Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange
    • H02J7/00038Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries characterised by data exchange using passive battery identification means, e.g. resistors or capacitors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0047Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/91Electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/90Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
    • B60Y2200/92Hybrid vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • H02J7/00047Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with provisions for charging different types of batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract

本公开提供了“电池组中的模块检测”。一种车辆包括电机、牵引电池组和电池控制器。所述牵引电池组包括与所述电机电连接的多个单元模块。所述单元模块中的每一个包括具有电池单元的壳体、与所述电池单元隔离的无源电路元件以及容纳于其中的模块控制器。所述无源电路元件串联或并联电连接。所述电池控制器与所述模块控制器中的每一个通信并与所述无源电路元件电连接。响应于来自所述模块控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的总数并且与所述无源电路元件相关联的测量参数指示所述单元模块的相同总数,所述电池控制器根据由所述总数定义的功率限制操作所述电池单元。

Description

电池组中的模块检测
技术领域
本公开涉及电池组的控制和操作。
背景技术
模块化电池组可用于车辆或家用能量存储应用。在电动车辆应用中,模块化电池组可具有多个电池模块,所述多个电池模块是可更换的或可交换的以提供改进的性能和灵活性。
发明内容
一种车辆牵引电池系统包括高压总线、主控制器和多个单元模块。所述单元模块中的每一个包括电池单元、与所述电池单元隔离的电阻元件以及与所述主控制器通信的次控制器。所述电池单元与所述高压总线电连接,并且所述电阻元件串联或并联电连接并且与所述主控制器电连接。所述主控制器响应于来自所述次控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的总数并且所述电阻元件的测量电阻指示所述单元模块的相同总数,根据由所述总数定义的功率限制操作所述电池单元。所述主控制器进一步响应于所述信号和所述测量电阻指示所述单元模块的不同总数,而设置错误标志。
一种车辆牵引电池系统包括主控制器和多个单元模块,所述多个单元模块各自包括电池单元、与所述电池单元隔离的无源电路元件以及与所述主控制器通信的次控制器。所述无源电路元件串联或并联电连接并且与所述主控制器电连接。所述主控制器响应于来自所述次控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的总数和与所述无源电路元件相关联的测量参数指示所述单元模块的相同总数,根据由所述总数定义的功率限制操作所述电池单元。所述主控制器进一步响应于所述信号和所述测量参数指示所述单元模块的不同总数,而设置指示错误的标志。
一种车辆包括电机和牵引电池组,所述牵引电池组包括多个单元模块。所述单元模块中的每一个包括具有电池单元的壳体、与所述电池单元隔离的无源电路元件以及容纳于其中的模块控制器。所述无源电路元件串联或并联电连接。所述车辆还包括电池控制器,所述电池控制器与所述模块控制器中的每一个通信并且与所述无源电路元件电连接。所述电池控制器响应于来自所述模块控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的总数并且与所述无源电路元件相关联的测量参数指示所述单元模块的相同总数,根据由所述总数定义的功率限制操作所述电池单元。
附图说明
图1是示出传动系和能量存储部件的电动化车辆的示例性框图拓扑;
图2A和图2B是模块化电池组的示例性电路图;
图3是另一模块化电池组的示例性电路图;
图4是又一模块化电池组的示例性电路图;并且
图5是电池模块检测过程的示例性流程图。
具体实施方式
本文中描述了本公开的实施例。然而,应理解,所公开的实施例仅仅是示例并且其他实施例可以呈现各种和替代形式。附图不一定按比例绘制;一些特征可能被夸大或最小化以示出特定部件的细节。因此,本文公开的具体结构细节和功能细节不应解释为限制性的,而仅应解释为用于教导本领域技术人员以各种形式利用本发明的代表性基础。如本领域的普通技术人员将理解,参考附图中的任一附图示出和描述的各个特征可以与一个或多个其他附图中示出的特征组合以产生未明确地示出或描述的实施例。所示特征的组合提供典型应用的代表性实施例。然而,对于特定的应用或实施方式,可能期望与本公开的教导一致的对特征的各种组合和修改。
本公开除其他外提出了一种用于测量模块化电池组中的单元电池模块的数量的系统。
图1示出了插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)。插电式混合动力电动车辆112可包括机械地联接到混合动力变速器116的一个或多个电机(电动马达)114。电机114可能够作为马达或发电机进行操作。另外,混合动力变速器116机械地联接到发动机118。混合动力变速器116还机械地联接到驱动轴120,所述驱动轴机械地联接到车轮122。当发动机118被打开或关闭时,电机114可提供推进和减速能力。电机114还可充当发电机,并且可通过回收在摩擦制动系统中作为热量损失掉的能量来提供燃料经济性益处。电机114还可通过允许发动机118以更有效的转速操作以及允许在某些状况下在发动机118关闭的情况下以电动模式操作混合动力电动车辆112来减少车辆排放。
牵引电池或电池组124存储可由电机114使用的能量。车辆电池组124可提供高压DC输出。牵引电池124可电耦接到一个或多个电池电动控制模块(BECM)125。BECM可设置有一个或多个处理器和软件应用程序,所述一个或多个处理器和软件应用程序被配置为监测和控制牵引电池124的各种操作。牵引电池124可包括一个或多个模块化电池组。每个模块化电池组可包括多个可再充电单元电池模块126,所述多个可再充电单元电池模块以可移除且可互换的方式安装到牵引电池组124以提供灵活性。例如,牵引电池组124可设置有一个或多个电池模块舱室(未示出)以容纳电池模块126。可提供齿条、轨道和支架(未示出)以促进电池模块126的安装和移除。电池模块126中的每一个可单独地安装在电池组124上或从电池组移除。作为示例,响应于检测到电池模块126充电不足,BECM 125可向车辆用户输出消息以通知模块126的低荷电状态(SOC)。车辆用户可访问电池组124并且单独地移除所识别的模块126以进行再充电。尽管可向车辆112提供对电池124进行再充电的能力,但能够移除空电池模块126并对其进行车外再充电可提供更大的灵活性。另外,可将空电池模块126与充满电的电池模块126交换,以进一步增强模块化电池组124提供的灵活性。应注意,车辆112可能不需要将所有电池模块126都安装在牵引电池组124中才能操作。换句话说,当模块电池组124中缺少电池模块126中的一个或多个时,可驱动车辆112。
牵引电池124可进一步电耦接到一个或多个电力电子模块127。电力电子模块127也可被称为功率逆变器。一个或多个接触器129可在断开时将牵引电池124和BECM 125与其他部件隔离,并且在闭合时将牵引电池124和BECM 125耦接到其他部件。电力电子模块127还可电耦接到电机114,并且提供在牵引电池124与电机114之间双向传递能量的能力。例如,牵引电池124可提供DC电压,而电机114可使用三相AC电流来操作。电力电子模块127可将DC电压转换成三相AC电流以供电机114使用。在再生模式中,电力电子模块127可将来自充当发电机的电机114的三相AC电流转换为与牵引电池124兼容的DC电压。本文的描述同样适用于纯电动车辆。对于纯电动车辆而言,混合动力变速器116可以是连接到电机114的齿轮箱,并且发动机118可以是不存在的。
除了提供用于推进的能量之外,牵引电池124还可为其他车辆电气系统提供能量。车辆包括DC/DC转换器模块128,所述DC/DC转换器模块将牵引电池124的高压DC输出转换为与低压车辆负载兼容的低压DC供应。DC/DC转换器模块128的输出可电耦接到辅助电池130(例如,12V电池)。
车辆112可为电池电动车辆(BEV)或插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV),其中牵引电池124可通过外部电源136再充电。外部电源136可为与电气插座的连接。外部电源136可为由电力公共事业公司提供的配电网络或电网。外部电源136可电耦接到电动车辆供电装备(EVSE)138。EVSE 138可提供电路和控件以调节和管理在电源136与车辆112之间的能量传输。外部电源136可向EVSE 138提供DC或AC电力。EVSE 138可具有用于插入到车辆112的充电端口134中的充电连接器140。充电端口134可以是被配置为将电力从EVSE 138传递到车辆112的任何类型的端口。充电端口134可电耦接到充电器或车载电力转换模块132。电力转换模块132可调节从EVSE 138供应的电力,以向牵引电池124提供恰当的电压和电流电平。电力转换模块132可与EVSE 138对接以协调到车辆112的电力传递。EVSE连接器140可具有与充电端口134的对应凹槽配合的插脚。替代地,被描述为电耦接的各种部件可使用无线感应耦接来传递电力。
可提供一个或多个车轮制动器144以用于使车辆112减速并防止车辆112的运动。车轮制动器144可为液压致动的、电致动的或者它们的某种组合。车轮制动器144可为制动系统146的一部分。制动系统146可包括用于操作车轮制动器144的其他部件。出于简单起见,附图描绘了制动系统146与车轮制动器144中的一者之间的单个连接。暗示了制动系统146与其他车轮制动器144之间的连接。制动系统146可包括用于监测并且协调制动系统146的控制器。制动系统146可监测制动部件并且控制车轮制动器144以进行车辆减速。制动系统146可响应于驾驶员命令并且还可自主地操作以实现诸如稳定性控制等特征。制动系统146的控制器可实现当由另一个控制器或子功能请求时施加所请求的制动力的方法。一个或多个电气负载148可耦接到高电压总线。电气负载148可具有在适当时操作和控制电气负载146的相关联的控制器。电气负载148的示例可为加热模块、空调模块等。
参考图2A和图2B,示出了模块化牵引电池组电路的示例性电路图。牵引电池124可为具有多个电池模块舱室202的模块化电池组,以支持对应电池模块126的安装和移除。应注意,尽管仅示出了两个电池模块舱室202a和202b,但本实施例不限于该数量,并且模块化电池组124可被配置为支持根据基本上相同的原理并联或串联连接的任何数量的电池模块舱室202以及电池模块126。在本示例中,如图2A和图2B所示,电池模块126中的每一个可并联连接在正高压(HV)总线HV_Bus+204a与负HV总线HV_Bus-204b之间。电池模块126中的每一个可包括多个电池单元206,所述多个电池单元串联连接以获得电池模块126的期望输出电压和功率。电池模块舱室202中的每一个可设置有一个或多个HV连接器208,以将电池模块126的正端子和负端子分别连接到牵引电池组124的正HV_Bus+204a和负HV_Bus-204b。电池模块126中的每一个可设置有电池模块BECM 210,所述电池模块BECM设置有一个或多个处理器和软件应用程序,所述一个或多个处理器和软件应用程序被配置为监测和控制相应电池模块126的各种操作。电池模块BECM 210还可被配置为经由有线或无线连接(未示出)与牵引电池组124的主BECM 125通信,以向主BECM 125报告每个相应电池模块126的操作状态。例如,电池模块BECM 210可测量电池模块126的荷电状态(SOC)并将SOC报告给主BECM210。主BECM 210可通过向模块BECM 210发送控制信号来协调每个单独电池模块126的充电和放电,以优化电池性能和灵活性。主BECM 125可被配置为使用从每个相应电池模块126的模块BECM 210所接收的通信信号来检测每个电池模块126的存在。例如,响应于新电池模块126被安装到电池舱室202中,新电池模块126的模块BECM 210可与主BECM 125通信以报告新电池模块126的安装和状态。主BECM 125可将新电池模块126和对应的电池舱室202标记为已安装/已占用。响应于电池模块126从电池舱室202的移除,主BECM 125可不再检测来自相应模块BECM 210的通信信号并且将电池模块126和对应电池舱室202标记为已移除/空。基于电池舱室202的已占用和空状态,主BECM 125可确定安装在电池组124中的电池模块126的数量。
除了或代替来自如上文所讨论的模块BECM 210的信号通信,主BECM 125还可被配置为基于电压和/或电阻测量来确定安装在电池组124中的电池模块126的数量。更具体地,电池模块126中的每一个可设置有模块电阻器212,所述模块电阻器具有预定电阻值R模块。在图2A和图2B所示的示例中,多个电池模块126中的每一个的模块电阻器212串联连接。模块电阻器212可经由例如HV连接器208彼此连接,但电阻器电路可与HV电源电路分离。如果电池舱室202为空(例如,图2A中所示的202b),则可应用闭合电路以在电池舱室202的HV接触器208之间提供基本上为零的电阻。主BECM 125可测量输入信号线S_In 214a与包括模块电阻器212的输出信号线S_Out 214b之间的电池舱室202的总电阻。由于主BECM 125知道每个电池模块的模块电阻器212的值R模块,因此BECM 125可使用在输入信号线S_in 214a与输出信号线S_Out 214b之间测量的电阻来确定串联连接的模块电阻器212的数量,从而可确定安装在电池组124中的电池模块126的数量。假设每个模块电阻器212具有相同的电阻值R模块,可使用以下等式计算输入信号线与输出信号线之间的串联电阻:
R串联=nR模块
其中n表示所述电路中存在的模块电阻器的数量。因此,
Figure BDA0003363571780000071
例如,如图2A所示,如果第一电池模块202a是唯一安装的,则输入信号线S_in214a与输出信号线S_Out 214b之间测得的电阻将等于R模块,指示仅安装了一个电池模块126。参考图2B,如果已安装第二电池模块202b,则输入信号线S_In 214a与输出信号线S_Out 214b之间测得的电阻将基本上为R模块+R模块,其等于2R模块,指示安装了两个电池模块126,以此类推。
参考图3,示出了另一个模块化牵引电池组电路的示例性电路图。与参考图2A和图2B所示的电路不同,在本示例中,模块电阻器212并联连接在输入信号线S_In 314a与输出信号线S_Out 314b之间。输入信号线与输出信号线之间的并联电阻可使用以下等式来计算:
Figure BDA0003363571780000081
其中n表示所述电路中存在的模块电阻器的数量。因此,
Figure BDA0003363571780000082
由于模块电阻R模块是已知的并且并联电阻R并联可由BECM 125测量,模块电阻器212的数量以及因此电池模块126的数量可由BECM 125确定。
参考图4,示出了又一个模块化牵引电池组电路的示例性电路图。与参考图2A和图2B所示的电路不同,在本示例中,电池模块126和电池舱室402串联连接在正HV_Bus+404a与负HV_Bus-404b之间。类似于参考图2A和图2B所示的示例,每个电池模块126的模块电阻器212串联连接在输入信号线S_In 414a与输出信号线S_Out 414b之间。因此,本示例的主BECM 125可以与上文参考图2A和图2B介绍的示例基本上相同的方式确定安装在电池组124中的电池模块的数量。
在每个电池模块126中结合使用模块电阻器212和模块BECM 210可为主BECM 125提供更稳健的系统,以确定安装在牵引电池组124中的电池模块126的总数。
在某些替代实施例中,可使用无源电路元件(诸如电感器和电容器)来代替电阻器。在这些实施例中,主BECM 125可在由无源电路元件212、S_In和S_Out形成的电路上输出已知频率的AC电流。每个附加无源电路元件212的存在将以已知方式改变频率,使得经由电流传感器的测量和在S_Out处对频率的检查可指示电池模块126的数量。例如,可进行台架试验(Bench test)以确定每个附加无源电路元件对S_In与S_Out之间的频率的影响。该信息可存储在将频率变化映射到电池模块数量的表中,因此主BECM 125可在操作期间识别存在的电池模块126的数量。
参考图5,示出了用于确定安装在牵引电池组124中的电池模块126的数量的过程500。继续参考图1至图4,在操作502处,主BECM 125与所安装的电池模块126中的每一个的模块BECM 210通信,并且基于与模块BECM 210的通信确定电池模块126的数量。在操作504处,主BECM 125测量输入信号线S_In与输出信号线S_Out之间的总电阻,并且基于所测量的电阻来计算模块电阻器212的数量。在本示例中,模块电阻器212中的每一个的值可预先提供给主BECM 125。替代地,在操作502处,模块电阻器212的值可由其对应的模块BECM 125发送到BECM 125。在操作506处,主BECM 125将在操作502处确定的电池模块的数量与在操作504处计算的数量进行比较,以确定这两个数量是否匹配。如果答案为是,则过程前进到操作508,并且BECM 125将系统标记为正常操作。在这种正常操作期间,主BECM 125可基于确认模块的数量来建立或以其他方式更新电池组124的功率限制。例如,三个确认模块的存在可产生以η的已知方式导出的功率上限,而6个确认模块的存在可产生以ζ的已知方式导出的功率上限,其中ζ大于η。然后,可在不违反功率上限的情况下对电池组124放电或充电。
响应于检测到两个数字之间的差异,过程前进到操作510,并且主BECM 125进一步确定数量的差异是否超过预定阈值(例如,1)。如果差异未超过预定阈值,则过程前进到操作512以标记可能的模块错误,因为小的差异更可能是由一个或多个电池模块126内的错误引起的。否则,如果差异超过阈值,则过程前进到操作514,并且BECM 125标记可能的系统错误,因为较大的差异更可能是由电池组124内的错误而不是由单独电池模块126引起的。
应注意,尽管以上描述是在电动车辆的背景下进行的,但本公开不限于此。本公开的概念可应用于被配置为支持串联连接、并联连接和/或其组合连接的模块化设计的任何电池组。作为几个非限制性示例,本公开可应用于具有一个或多个模块化电池的家用能源系统(HES)、具有一个或多个模块化电池的站或便携式装置等。
本文所公开的过程、方法或算法可能够输送到处理装置、控制器或计算机/由处理装置、控制器或计算机实施,所述处理装置、控制器或计算机可以包括任何现有的可编程电子控制单元或专用电子控制单元。类似地,所述过程、方法或算法可作为可由控制器或计算机以许多形式执行的数据和指令来存储,所述形式包括但不限于:永久存储在不可写存储介质(诸如只读存储器(ROM)装置)上的信息以及可变更地存储在可写存储介质(诸如软盘、磁带、光盘(CD)、随机存取存储器(RAM)装置以及其他磁性和光学介质)上的信息。所述过程、方法或算法也可以软件可执行对象来实现。替代地,可以使用合适的硬件部件或者硬件、软件和固件部件的组合全部或部分地实施所述过程、方法或算法,所述硬件部件诸如专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)、状态机、控制器或其他硬件部件或装置。
尽管上文描述了示例性实施例,但这些实施例并不意图描述权利要求所涵盖的所有可能形式。在说明书中使用的词语是描述词语而非限制性词语,并且应理解,在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下,可以做出各种改变。
如先前描述,各个实施例的特征可以组合以形成可能未明确描述或示出的其他实施例。尽管各种实施例可能已经被描述为就一个或多个期望的特性而言提供优点或优于其他实施例或现有技术实现方式,但是本领域普通技术人员认识到,可以折衷一个或多个特征或特性以实现期望的整体系统属性,这取决于具体应用和实现方式。这些属性可包括但不限于成本、强度、耐久性、生命周期成本、可销售性、外观、包装、大小、可维护性、重量、可制造性、易组装性等。因此,就一个或多个特性而言被描述为不如其他实施例或现有技术实现方式期望的实施例不在本公开的范围外,并且对于特定应用可为期望的。
根据本发明,提供了一种车辆牵引电池系统,所述车辆牵引电池系统具有:高压总线;主控制器;以及多个单元模块,所述多个单元模块各自包括电池单元、与所述电池单元隔离的电阻元件以及与所述主控制器通信的次控制器,其中所述电池单元与所述高压总线电连接并且所述电阻元件串联或并联电连接并且与所述主控制器电连接,其中所述主控制器被编程为响应于来自所述次控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的总数并且所述电阻元件的测量电阻指示所述单元模块的相同总数,根据由所述总数定义的功率限制操作所述电池单元,以及响应于所述信号和所述测量电阻指示所述单元模块的不同总数,而设置错误标志。
根据实施例,操作所述电池单元包括对所述电池单元充电或放电。
根据实施例,所述电池单元串联电连接。
根据实施例,所述电池单元并联电连接。
根据本发明,提供了一种电池系统,所述电池系统具有:主控制器;以及多个单元模块,所述多个单元模块各自包括电池单元、与所述电池单元隔离的无源电路元件以及与所述主控制器通信的次控制器,其中所述无源电路元件串联或并联电连接并且与所述主控制器电连接,其中所述主控制器被编程为响应于来自所述次控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的总数并且与所述无源电路元件相关联的测量电阻指示所述单元模块的相同总数,根据由所述总数定义的功率限制操作所述电池单元,以及响应于所述信号和所述测量参数指示所述单元模块的不同总数,而设置错误标志。
根据实施例,所述无源电路元件为电阻器并且所述测量参数为电阻。
根据实施例,所述无源电路元件为电容器并且所述测量参数为频率。
根据实施例,所述无源电路元件为电感器并且所述测量参数为频率。
根据实施例,操作所述电池单元包括对所述电池单元充电或放电。
根据实施例,所述电池单元串联电连接。
根据实施例,所述电池单元并联电连接。
根据本发明,提供了一种车辆,所述车辆具有:电机;牵引电池组,所述牵引电池组包括与所述电机电连接的多个单元模块,所述单元模块中的每一个包括具有电池单元的壳体、与所述电池单元隔离的无源电路元件以及容纳于其中的模块控制器,其中所述无源电路元件串联或并联电连接;以及电池控制器,所述电池控制器与所述模块控制器中的每一个通信,与所述无源电路元件电连接,并且被配置为响应于来自所述模块控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的总数并且与所述无源电路元件相关联的测量参数指示所述单元模块的相同总数,根据由所述总数定义的功率限制操作所述电池单元。
根据实施例,所述电池控制器被进一步配置为响应于来自所述模块控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的所述总数并且所述测量参数指示所述单元模块的不同总数,而设置指示错误的标志。
根据实施例,所述无源电路元件为电阻器并且所述测量参数为电阻。
根据实施例,所述无源电路元件为电容器并且所述测量参数为频率。
根据实施例,所述无源电路元件为电感器并且所述测量参数为频率。
根据实施例,操作所述电池单元包括对所述电池单元充电或放电。
根据实施例,所述电池单元串联电连接。
根据实施例,所述电池单元并联电连接。

Claims (15)

1.一种车辆牵引电池系统,其包括:
高压总线;
主控制器;以及
多个单元模块,所述多个单元模块各自包括电池单元、与所述电池单元隔离的电阻元件以及与所述主控制器通信的次控制器,其中所述电池单元与所述高压总线电连接并且所述电阻元件串联或并联电连接并且与所述主控制器电连接,
其中所述主控制器被编程为,
响应于来自所述次控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的总数并且所述电阻元件的测量电阻指示所述单元模块的相同总数,根据由所述总数定义的功率限制操作所述电池单元,以及
响应于所述信号和所述测量电阻指示所述单元模块的不同总数,而设置错误标志。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中操作所述电池单元包括对所述电池单元充电或放电。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述电池单元串联电连接。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统,其中所述电池单元并联电连接。
5.一种电池系统,其包括:
主控制器;以及
多个单元模块,所述多个单元模块各自包括电池单元、与所述电池单元隔离的无源电路元件以及与所述主控制器通信的次控制器,其中所述无源电路元件串联或并联电连接并且与所述主控制器电连接,
其中所述主控制器被编程为,
响应于来自所述次控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的总数并且与所述无源电路元件相关联的测量电阻指示所述单元模块的相同总数,根据由所述总数定义的功率限制操作所述电池单元,以及
响应于所述信号和所述测量参数指示所述单元模块的不同总数,而设置错误标志。
6.如权利要求5所述的系统,其中所述无源电路元件为电阻器并且所述测量参数为电阻。
7.如权利要求5所述的系统,其中所述无源电路元件为电容器并且所述测量参数为频率。
8.如权利要求5所述的系统,其中所述无源电路元件为电感器并且所述测量参数为频率。
9.如权利要求5所述的系统,其中操作所述电池单元包括对所述电池单元充电或放电。
10.如权利要求5所述的系统,其中所述电池单元串联电连接。
11.如权利要求5所述的系统,其中所述电池单元并联电连接。
12.一种车辆,其包括:
电机;
牵引电池组,所述牵引电池组包括与所述电机电连接的多个单元模块,所述单元模块中的每一个包括具有电池单元的壳体、与所述电池单元隔离的无源电路元件以及容纳于其中的模块控制器,其中所述无源电路元件串联或并联电连接;以及
电池控制器,所述电池控制器与所述模块控制器中的每一个通信,与所述无源电路元件电连接,并且被配置为响应于来自所述模块控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的总数并且与所述无源电路元件相关联的测量参数指示所述单元模块的相同总数,根据由所述总数定义的功率限制操作所述电池单元。
13.如权利要求12所述的车辆,其中所述电池控制器被进一步配置为响应于来自所述模块控制器的信号指示所述单元模块的所述总数并且所述测量参数指示所述单元模块的不同总数,而设置指示错误的标志。
14.如权利要求12所述的车辆,其中所述无源电路元件为电阻器并且所述测量参数为电阻。
15.如权利要求12所述的车辆,其中所述无源电路元件为电容器并且所述测量参数为频率。
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