CN114537123A - 用于运行车辆的系统 - Google Patents

用于运行车辆的系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114537123A
CN114537123A CN202111066357.6A CN202111066357A CN114537123A CN 114537123 A CN114537123 A CN 114537123A CN 202111066357 A CN202111066357 A CN 202111066357A CN 114537123 A CN114537123 A CN 114537123A
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China
Prior art keywords
electric machine
combustion engine
internal combustion
vehicle
axle
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Pending
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CN202111066357.6A
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English (en)
Inventor
H·尼辛
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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Publication of CN114537123A publication Critical patent/CN114537123A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02N—STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00—Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/04—Starting of engines by means of electric motors the motors being associated with current generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/52—Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/22—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or type of main drive shafting, e.g. cardan shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/354—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having separate mechanical assemblies for transmitting drive to the front or to the rear wheels or set of wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/356—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
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    • B60Y2200/14—Trucks; Load vehicles, Busses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于运行车辆(1)的系统(3)，所述车辆具有内燃机(8)、电机(18)、带有前轮(4a、4b)的前桥(2)、带有后轮(24a、24b)的后桥(22)和电池，其中，在系统(3)中规定，电机(18)处于与后桥(22)的直接的力‑作用关系中，其中，系统(3)具有至少一个初级离合设备和次级离合设备，电机(18)能通过所述至少一个初级离合设备与至少一个车桥(2、22)的车轮(4a、4b、24a、24b)连接，电机(18)能通过该次级离合设备与内燃机(8)连接，其中，为了起动内燃机(8)，电机(18)通过所述至少一个初级离合设备与所述至少一个车桥(2、22)的车轮(4a、4b、24a、24b)分离并通过次级离合设备与内燃机(8)连接。

Description

用于运行车辆的系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行车辆的系统和一种用于运行车辆的方法。
背景技术
由文献DE 10 2008 004 366 A1已知了一种用于车辆的动力传动系装置和一种用于控制该动力传动系装置的方法。
在文献DE 10 2017 109 462 A1中描述了用于起动混合动力车辆内燃机的系统和方法。
文献CN 209888641 U描述了一种用于机动车的混合动力驱动装置。
发明内容
在此背景下，本发明的目的是使车辆作好行驶准备。
该目的通过具有独立权利要求的特征的系统和方法来实现。该系统和方法的实施方式由从属权利要求得出。
根据本发明的系统被设计为用于运行车辆，其中，该车辆具有内燃机、电机、带有前轮的前桥、带有后轮的后桥和电池。在系统中规定，电机处于与后桥的直接的力-作用关系中。此外，系统还具有至少一个初级离合设备，在设计方案中，该初级离合设备具有例如所谓的挂接模块(Hang-on-Modul)和所谓的转矩分流器(Torque-Splitter)，电机能通过该初级离合设备暂时地并且可重新分离地与至少一个车桥的车轮连接。此外，系统具有次级离合设备，电机能通过该次级离合设备暂时地并且可重新分离地与内燃机连接。为了起动内燃机，电机能通过至少一个初级离合设备与至少一个车桥的车轮分离和通过次级离合设备与内燃机连接。
电机——在电动机方式的运行中——被设计为用于，将来自电池的电能转换成机械能并且机械地驱动内燃机。为了给电池充电，电机通过至少一个初级离合设备与至少一个车桥的车轮分离并通过次级离合设备与内燃机连接，其中，内燃机被设计为用于，机械地驱动电机，其中，电机——在发电机方式的运行中——被设计为用于，将内燃机的机械能转换成电能并且将其储存在电池中。
系统具有第一初级离合设备，电机能通过该第一初级离合设备与后桥的车轮连接。另选地或补充地，系统具有第二初级离合设备，电机能通过该第二初级离合设备与前桥的车轮连接。利用该系统可以实现前桥驱动、后桥驱动或全轮驱动。在此，电机可以暂时地并且可重新分离地与相应的车桥的通常两个车轮中的每个车轮单独地、也就是说独立于各个另外的车轮连接。
在电机与前桥和/或后桥之间的至少一个初级离合设备针对相应的车桥具有两个离合器，其中，电机能通过各一个离合器暂时地并且可重新分离地与相应的车桥的各一个车轮连接。至少一个初级离合设备在车辆行驶期间被接合，其中，电机与车辆的至少一个车轮连接。
在设计方案中规定，至少一个初级离合设备具有转矩分配器(扭矩分配器)和/或被设计为转矩分配器，该转矩分配器被设计为用于，在相应车桥的两个车轮之间分配转矩。
此外规定，电机被布置在后桥上和/或后桥处。另选地或补充地，电机可以相对于车辆的至少一个驱动轴、也就是说一个驱动轴或多个驱动轴同轴地或轴向平行地布置。电机可以通过减速级或传动比级和出于效率原因设置的耦合元件在力传递路径中连接到车辆的动力传动系中。在设计方案中，在后桥差速器的冠状齿轮上截取用于行驶运行或用于再生的功率。
系统被设计为用于构造为P3型混合动力车辆或P3b型混合动力车辆的车辆。
根据本发明的方法被设置为用于借助于系统、通常借助于所提出的系统的实施方式运行车辆，该车辆具有内燃机、电机、带有前轮的前桥、带有后轮的后桥以及电池。在此，电机处于与后桥的直接的力-作用关系中。所使用的系统具有至少一个初级离合设备和次级离合设备，电机通过所述至少一个初级离合设备与至少一个车桥的车轮连接，所电机能通过该次级离合设备与内燃机连接。为了起动内燃机，电机通过至少一个初级离合设备与至少一个车桥的车轮分离和通过次级离合设备与内燃机连接。
此外，在车辆停车时电池可被充电。为此，使在电机与至少一个车轮之间的至少一个初级离合设备断开，而使在电机与内燃机之间的次级离合设备接合。此外，内燃机的机械能被电机转换成电能并储存在电池中。在行驶期间，第二离合设备被断开，而至少一个第一离合设备被接合，其中，在这种情况下，来自电池的电能被电机转换成用于至少一个车桥的车轮的机械能。
利用所述方法和系统能够在没有皮带式起动器发电机的情况下实现一种具有P3型混合动力驱动装置或P3b型混合动力驱动装置的机动车。在这种类型的驱动装置或装置中，通常特别困难的是，在没有用于内燃机的附加的起动器的情况下也能使用，这是因为在此在变速器与电机之间通常不存在离合器。此外，利用所述方法和所述系统能够在停车状态中、例如在堵车状态中利用电机给车辆电池、例如高压电池或者说HV电池充电并且因此实现停车充电。
在此在设计方案中提出，电机、通常电机的轴被横向于车辆的行驶方向并且因此沿着或平行于前桥和后桥布置，其中，至少后桥也被电机驱动。此外，电机与后桥的差速器例如固定地或通过中间挡位连接。通过将电机或电动机布置在后桥处和/或后桥上，与P0、P1、P2或P4型混合动力驱动装置相比，动力传动系可以在被驱动的轴之前直接与车轮分离，并且电机也可以用作发电机。由此得出，在车辆的停车状态中，电机可被用作车辆的内燃机或内燃发动机的起动器。
在电池充电时，当电机以发电机模式运行时，内燃机的机械能被电机转换成电能并且储存在电池中。在此，机械能从内燃机流入到电机中。当内燃机起动时，电能沿相反的方向从电机流入到内燃机中。在此，电机驱动内燃机，这时内燃机被起动。为此，电机将来自电池的电能转换成设置为用于内燃机的或由内燃机所需的机械能。通过根据该系统提供的布置，可以通过布置在后桥处或后桥上的电机来起动内燃机，这是因为否则的话，由于电机与后桥或与后轮的刚性连接可能使车辆滑行/溜车，或者需要在内燃机的转速与相应的车轮的转速之间的转速同步。附加地，车辆可以通过电机或电动机以及内燃机可选地以纯电的、混合动力和/或以纯燃烧式驱动的方式驱动。同样地，电机可以在需要时提供助力/转矩增强功率(Boostleistung)，以便改进车辆的行驶性能。电机的再生式运行也是可能的。在此，可以通过再生将车辆的动能转换成电能，其中，车辆通过电机减速。同样地，内燃机的多余的能量可以通过电机转换成电能。这可以在以恒定速度行驶时、在加速时、即在正加速度时以及在负加速度或者说制动时、并且也在停车时实施。
所述系统具有所谓的挂接模块和所谓的扭矩分配器作为部件。在此，扭矩分配器也可以被设计为或称为转矩分配器。在设计方案中，该转矩分配器在车辆的后桥处具有两个离合器，其中，各一个后轮能分别通过一个离合器与电机的轴连接。如果在设计方案中规定，也通过电机驱动前桥或前轮，则可在电机与前桥或前轮之间布置对应的扭矩分配器。因此，这种扭矩分配器是一种离合器系统，该离合器系统此外也能够实现在前桥与后桥之间和/或在相应车桥的相应左车轮与右车轮之间灵活地分配驱动力矩。扭矩分配器的至少一个离合器例如被设计为膜片式离合器，该膜片式离合器被电液地或机电地操控，其中，提供所需要的力传递或驱动力矩传递。也可能的是，至少一个离合器被设计为爪式离合器或电动离合器。利用所述至少一个离合器可以实现在动力传动系与车轮之间的解耦。
不言而喻的是，前面所述的和后面还要说明的特征不仅能在分别给出的组合中、而且也能在其它组合中或单独地使用，而不脱离本发明的范围。
附图说明
根据实施方式在附图中示意性示出并且参考附图示意性且详细地描述本发明。
图1以示意图示出由现有技术已知的车辆的第一示例。
图2以示意图示出根据本发明的用于实施根据本发明的用于车辆的第二示例的方法的第一实施方式的系统的第一实施方式。
图3以示意图示出由现有技术已知的车辆的第三示例。
图4以示意图示出根据本发明的用于实施根据本发明的用于车辆的第四示例的方法的第一实施方式的系统的第二实施方式。
这些附图被连续地和全面地描述。相同的部件具有相同的附图标记。
附图标记列表：
1 车辆
2 前桥
3 系统
4a、4b 车轮
6 车桥差速器
8 内燃机
12a、12b、12c 轴部段
16a、16b 离合器
18 电机
19 驱动轴
20 轴
22 后桥
24a、24b 车轮
26 车桥差速器
28 离合器
30 转矩分配器
32a、32b 离合器
40 车辆
42 系统
44 前桥
46a、46b 车轮
48 后桥
50a、50b 车轮
52 内燃机
53 催化器设备
54 电机
55 电池
56 变速器控制器
57 转矩分配器
58 混合动力的后桥变速器
60 变速器
62 离合设备
63 变速器控制器
64 空调压缩机(EKK)
65 轴
66 控制器
68 噪声生成设备(AVAS)
70 集成的制动调节系统
72 高压热电偶
74 DC-DC转换器
76 脉冲逆变器
78 充电插座
80 充电器
82 电池接线盒(BJB)
84 电池
90 车载电网
200 车辆
202 前桥
204a、204b 车轮
206 车桥差速器
208 内燃机
210 皮带式起动器发电机
212a、212b、212c 轴部段
216a、216b 离合器
218 电机
219 驱动轴
220 轴部段
222 后桥
224a、224b 车轮
226 车桥差速器
240 车辆
244 前桥
246a、246b 车轮
248 后桥
250a、250b 车轮
252 内燃机
253 催化器设备
254 电机
255 电池
256 变速器控制器
258 混合动力式后桥变速器
260 变速器
262 离合设备
263 变速器控制器
264 空调压缩机(EKK)
265 轴
266 控制器
268 噪声生成设备(AVAS)
270 集成的制动调节系统
272 高压热电偶
274 DC-DC转换器
276 脉冲逆变器
278 充电插座
280 充电器
282 电池接线盒(BJB)
284 电池
290 车载电网
300 皮带式起动器发电机
301 脉冲逆变器
具体实施方式
在图1中示意性示出的车辆200的第一示例具有前桥202，在该前桥上布置有两个前轮204a、204b。此外，前桥202包括车桥差速器206。此外，为了驱动车辆200，设置有内燃机208和电机218。此外，车辆200具有皮带式起动器发电机210，其通过驱动轴219与电机218连接。此外，该皮带式起动器发电机210在此被直接布置在内燃机208旁边。内燃机208和电机218在此通过三个轴部段212a、212b、212c相互连接，其中，在此在每两个直接相邻的轴部段212a、212b、212c之间分别布置有离合器216a、216b。此外，电机218通过另一轴部段220与车辆200的后桥222的车桥差速器226连接，在该后桥上布置有两个车轮224a、224b。
因此，车辆200在此具有带P3架构的混合动力传动系，其中，为了实现车辆200的混合动力装置，电机218在此被布置在主变速器之后，该主变速器具有在内燃机208与电机218之间的轴部段212a、212b、212c。为了在车辆200的停车状态中起动内燃机208，在此需要安装皮带式起动器发电机210或另选地安装小齿轮式起动器发电机，这是因为否则不可能在停车状态中起动内燃机208。这在车辆200的这个示例中是由于，电机218或者固定地与所有车轮204a、204b、224a、224b连接，或者固定地与至少一个被驱动的或待驱动的车桥202、222连接，这取决于车辆200是具有前轮驱动方式、后轮驱动方式还是全轮驱动方式。
在图2中示意性示出的、在此设计为机动车的车辆1的第二示例具有前桥2，在该前桥上布置有两个前轮4a、4b。此外，前桥2包括车桥差速器6。此外，为了驱动车辆1设置有内燃机8和电机18。此外，车辆1具有驱动轴19，车桥差速器6通过该驱动轴与电机18连接。在此，电机18通过设计为转矩分配器30的第一初级离合设备与车辆1的后桥22的车桥差速器26连接，在该后桥上布置有两个车轮24a、24b。此外，具有离合器28的第二初级离合设备被布置在电机18与车桥差速器6之间。内燃机8和电机18在此通过三个轴部段12a、12b、12c相互连接，其中，在此在每两个直接相邻的轴部段12a、12b、12c之间分别布置有离合器16a、16b，该离合器形成次级离合设备。
在根据本发明的用于在此设计为机动车的车辆1的第二示例的系统3的实施方式中提出，电机18的轴在此被横向于车辆1的预设的行驶方向布置，并且因此平行于这两个车桥2、22布置。此外，这个电机18在此根据定义被布置在后桥22处和/或该后桥上。
此外，在这种情况下，沿着在电机18与前桥2的车桥差速器6之间的轴布置有离合器28，该离合器被设计为用于，当该离合器被接合时在电机18与车桥差速器6之间传递驱动力矩，或者当该离合器被断开时，禁止驱动力矩或力的这种传递，因此将电机18与车桥差速器6机械地分离。
系统3的第一实施方式具有转矩分配器30，该转矩分配器也可以被设计为或称为扭矩分配器。该转矩分配器包括第一离合器32a和第二离合器32b，其中，第一离合器32a在此被布置在后桥22上的车桥差速器26与第一后轮24a之间。第二离合器32b在此被布置在后桥22的车桥差速器26与第二后轮24b之间。利用该转矩分配器30能够实现，电机18通过轴20与两个后轮24a、24b中的至少一个后轮暂时可分离地机械连接或断开。如果相应的离合器32a、32b被接合，则电机18与相应的后轮24a、24b连接。如果相应的离合器32a、32b被断开，则电机18与相应的后轮24a、24b分离。
在前桥2与电机18之间的离合器28也可以被称为挂接模块或中央差速器，并且在设计方案中例如可以被设计为膜片式离合器。在设计方案中，在后桥22上具有两个离合器32a、32b的转矩分配器30可以替代传统的后桥差速器。在此，可以根据规定将后桥22分为两个轴或者说驱动轴，其中，在后桥22的相应驱动轴或各个分段处或相应驱动轴或各个分段上分别布置有离合器32a、32b。通过离合器28和转矩分配器30的集成，在车辆1运行时能够将所有车轮4a、4b、24a、24b与P3型混合动力传动系分离，其中，该动力传动系至少包括：轴部段12a、12b、12c连同布置在轴部段之间的离合器16a、16b、具有离合器28的驱动轴19以及具有两个离合器32a、32b的转矩分配器30。离合器32a、32b、车桥差速器26和电机18在此形成混合动力式后桥变速器。
在车辆1的停车状态中，当所有四个车轮4a、4b、24a、24b都与动力传动系分离并且因此都与内燃机8和电机18分离时，可以将电机18与内燃机8通过次级离合设备连接，并且利用内燃机8驱动电机18，其中，当电机18作为发电机运行时，内燃机8的机械能被电机18转换成电能并且储存在此处未进一步示出的电池中，以用于电能供给或电流供给。
此外，在此能够实现，从停车状态开始或者甚至当车辆1至少滑行并且因此行驶时，利用电机18来起动内燃机8，其中，电池的电能被电机18转换成用于驱动内燃机8的机械能。
通过设置用于实施所述方法的第一实施方式的系统3的实施方式，也可以省去在其它情况下常见的部件，如其也根据图1描述的那样，并且相应地简化车辆1。因此现在对于车辆1来说不再需要皮带式起动器发电机210。此外，可以省去用于内燃机8的皮带传动机构。相应地，可以取消用于常见的皮带式起动器发电机210的布线、控制器和电力电子设备。也可以相应地取消否则在现有技术中也常见的小齿轮起动器。此外，可以取消否则也必需的DC-DC转换器。此外能够实现，可以省去在车辆1的车载电网中的在其它情况下必要的附加的电压状态。
图3以示意图示出由现有技术已知的车辆240的第三示例。该车辆240包括前桥244和后桥248，在前桥上布置有两个前轮246a、246b，在后桥上布置有两个后轮250a、250b。此外，车辆240具有内燃机252或者说内燃发动机，并为其分配有催化器设备253(两个KAT-EKAT-KAT)。此外，车辆240具有电机254，电机的轴或者说轴线平行于后桥248并且因此垂直于车辆240的预设的行驶方向定向。在此，为该电机254分配有变速器和变速器控制器256(TCU)。在此，电机254和变速器控制器256形成“H-HAG”或混合动力式后桥变速器258。此外，车辆240具有第一电池255，该第一电池在此被设计为高压电池或HV电池。此外，车辆包括具有例如12伏特的低压的第二电池284。此外，车辆240还具有变速器260、离合设备262和另一变速器控制器263，该另一变速器控制器263还被设计为用于控制离合设备262。离合设备262和电机254在此通过轴265相互连接。利用离合设备262能够实现，将电机254与变速器260并且进而也与内燃机252可分离地连接，其中，当离合设备262接合时，电机254和内燃机252相互连接。因此能够实现，通过变速器260、接合的离合设备262和轴265在内燃机252与电机254之间传递驱动力矩或力。如果离合设备262被断开，则电机254与变速器260和内燃机252机械地分离。此外，车辆具有噪声生成设备268(AVAS)和iBRS或集成的制动调节系统270。对于该车辆240来说，在此还设置有车载电网290，该车载电网将车辆240的其它部件相互电连接。这些部件是被分配给内燃机252的空调压缩机264(EKK)、被分配给催化器设备253的作为控制器266的“EHCC”、“HV-PTC或高压-PTC”或高压热电偶272、被设计为用于将电压从高值转换为12伏特并且相反地转换的DC/DC转换器或者说直流/直流转换器274、被设计为用于560安培的电流强度的脉冲逆变器276(PWR)、充电器280、被分配给第一电池255的BJB(电池接线盒)282以及充电插座278。此外，图3示出为了起动内燃机252所需要的皮带式起动器发电机300，其中，为皮带式起动器发电机300分配有用于高压的另一脉冲逆变器301(HV-RSG PWR)。
图4以示意图示出车辆40的第四示例，该车辆具有根据本发明的系统42的第二实施方式。该车辆40包括前桥44和后桥48，在前桥上布置有两个前轮46a、46b，在后桥上布置有两个后轮50a、50b。此外，车辆40具有内燃机52或者说内燃发动机，为其分配有催化器设备53(两个KAT-EKAT-KAT)。此外，车辆40具有电机54，该电机的轴或者说轴线平行于后桥48并且因此垂直于车辆的预设的行驶方向定向。在此，为该电机54分配有变速器和作为初级离合设备的转矩分配器57(扭矩分配器)以及变速器控制器56(TCU)。电机54、变速器控制器56和转矩分配器57在此形成“H-HAG”或混合动力式后桥变速器58，其具有电机54、变速器控制器56以及两个离合器32a和32b作为部件。附加地，混合动力式后桥变速器58可以包括另外的减速级、在差速器与电机54之间的离合元件以及泵、冷却器和/或另外的控制器。此外，车辆40具有第一电池55，该第一电池在此被设计为高压电池或HV电池。此外，车辆包括具有例如12伏特的低压的第二电池84。车辆40还具有变速器60、次级离合设备62和另一变速器控制器63，该另一变速器控制器63还被设计为用于控制次级离合设备62。次级离合设备62和电机54在此通过轴65相互连接。利用次级离合设备62能够实现，将电机54与变速器60并且因此也与内燃机52可分离地连接，其中，当次级离合设备62被接合时，电机54和内燃机52相互连接。因此能够实现，通过变速器60、接合的次级离合设备62和轴65在内燃机52与电机54之间传递驱动力矩或力。如果次级离合设备62被断开，则电机54与变速器60和内燃机52机械地分离。
此外，车辆具有噪声生成设备68(AVAS)和集成的制动调节系统70“iBRS”，该制动调节系统能够实现：在操纵制动踏板时自主地或自动地判断，是应当操纵车辆40的摩擦制动器以使车辆40减速，还是可以利用电机54通过电再生来执行减速。此外，在此为该车辆40设置有车载电网90，该车载电网将车辆40的其它部件相互电连接。这些部件是：空调压缩机64(EKK)，其被分配给内燃机52；作为控制器66的“EHCC”，其被分配给催化器设备53并控制，为加热催化器设备53需要多少电功率；“HV-PTC或高压-PTC”或高压热电偶72，其使用电能来加热内部空间；DC/DC转换器或者说直流/直流转换器74，其被设计为用于将电压从高值转换为12伏特并且相反地转换；脉冲逆变器76(PWR)，其被设计为用于560安培的电流强度；充电器80；BJB(电池接线盒)82，其被分配给第一电池55；以及充电插座78。
通过该系统42，与现有技术相比，除了被设计为用于驱动车辆40的电机54之外，不再需要设置用于起动内燃机52或在车辆40的停车状态中给电池55充电的常见的另外的电机。这种在现有技术中所需要的附加的电机例如被设计为皮带式起动器发电机300，其在必要时也可以与小齿轮起动器组合。这种附加的电机由12伏特的车载电网馈电或者另选地也由高压车载电网馈电，或者可以将电能反馈到相应的车载电网中。然而这要求，附加地需要相应的布线并且可能在车辆中也还需要根据现有技术的第二电压状态或甚至第三电压状态。在实现所提出的系统42时，在此可以省去用于操控和调节附加的电机、例如皮带式起动器发电机300的电力电子设备。
在用于运行机动车40的方法中提出，电机54处于与后桥48的直接的力-作用关系中。为了起动内燃机52，电机54通过具有转矩分配器57的至少一个初级离合设备与后桥48的车轮50a、50b分离，并且通过次级离合设备62与内燃机52连接。在电机54的电动机方式的运行中，来自电池55的电能被转换成机械能并且机械地驱动内燃机52，其中，为了给电池55充电，电机54通过至少一个初级离合设备——在此为转矩分配器57——与后桥48的车轮50a、50b分离并且通过次级离合设备62与内燃机52连接，其中，内燃机52机械地驱动电机54，其中，在发电机方式的运行中，内燃机52的机械能被电机54转换成电能并且被储存在电池55中。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于运行车辆(1、40)的系统，所述车辆具有内燃机(8、52)、电机(18、54)、带有前轮(4a、4b、46a、46b)的前桥(2、44)、带有后轮(24a、24b、50a、50b)的后桥(22、48)和电池(55)，其中，在系统(3、42)中规定，电机(18、54)处于与后桥(22、48)的直接的力作用关系中，其中，系统(3、42)具有至少一个初级离合设备和至少一个次级离合设备(62)，电机(18、54)通过所述至少一个初级离合设备能与至少一个车桥(2、22、44、48)的车轮(4a、4b、24a、24b、46a、46b、50a、50b)连接，电机(18、54)通过该至少一个次级离合设备能与内燃机(8、52)连接，其中，为了起动内燃机(8、52)，电机(18、54)通过所述至少一个初级离合设备与所述至少一个车桥(2、22、44、48)的车轮(4a、4b、24a、24b、46a、46b、50a、50b)分离并通过次级离合设备(62)与内燃机(8、52)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，电机(18、54)被设计为用于，将来自电池(55)的电能转换成机械能并且机械地驱动内燃机(8、52)，其中，为了给电池(55)充电，电机(18、54)通过所述至少一个初级离合设备与所述至少一个车桥(2、22、44、48)的车轮(4a、4b、24a、24b、46a、46b、50a、50b)分离并通过次级离合设备(62)与内燃机(8、52)连接，其中，内燃机(8、52)被设计为用于，机械地驱动电机(18、54)，其中，电机(18、54)被设计为用于，将内燃机(8、52)的机械能转换成电能并且储存在电池(55)中。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的系统，其特征在于，系统具有第一初级离合设备，电机(18、54)通过该第一初级离合设备能与后桥(22、48)的车轮(24a、24b、50a、50b)连接。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，系统具有第二初级离合设备，电机(18、54)通过该第二初级离合设备能与前桥(2、44)的车轮(4a、4b、46a、46b)连接。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个初级离合设备具有两个离合器(32a、32b)，其中，电机(18、54)通过相应的离合器(32a、32b)能分别与相应的车桥(2、22、44、48)的各一个车轮(4a、4b、24a、24b、46a、46b、50a、50b)连接。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述至少一个初级离合设备具有转矩分配器(30、57)，该转矩分配器被设计为用于，在相应车桥(2、22、44、48)的两个车轮(4a、4b、24a、24b、46a、46b、50a、50b)之间分配转矩。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，电机(18、54)被布置在后桥(22、48)上。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的系统，其特征在于，所述系统被设计为用于构造为P3型混合动力车辆的车辆(1、40)。
9.一种用于运行车辆(1、40)的方法，其中，车辆(1、40)具有内燃机(8、52)、电机(18、54)、带有前轮(4a、4b、46a、46b)的前桥(2、44)、带有后轮(24a、24b、50a、50b)的后桥(22、48)和电池(55)，其中，电机(18、54)处于与后桥(22、48)的直接的力作用关系中，其中，车辆(1、40)具有至少一个初级离合设备和至少一个次级离合设备(62)，电机(18、54)通过所述至少一个初级离合设备能与至少一个车桥(2、22、44、48)的车轮(4a、4b、24a、24b、46a、46b、50a、50b)连接，电机(18、54)通过该至少一个次级离合设备能与内燃机(8、52)连接，其中，为了起动内燃机(8、52)，电机(18、54)通过所述至少一个初级离合设备与所述至少一个车桥(2、22、44、48)的车轮(4a、4b、24a、24b、46a、46b、50a、50b)分离并通过次级离合设备(62)与内燃机(8、52)连接。
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