CN114535859A - Nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire and preparation and additive manufacturing method - Google Patents
Nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire and preparation and additive manufacturing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114535859A CN114535859A CN202210025484.XA CN202210025484A CN114535859A CN 114535859 A CN114535859 A CN 114535859A CN 202210025484 A CN202210025484 A CN 202210025484A CN 114535859 A CN114535859 A CN 114535859A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0255—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in welding
- B23K35/0261—Rods, electrodes, wires
- B23K35/0266—Rods, electrodes, wires flux-cored
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/095—Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire which comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Mo powder, 5-10% of Nb powder, 5-10% of Co powder, 2-5% of Ti powder, 2-5% of Al powder, 2-5% of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%. Solves the problems of stress concentration and cracking in the preparation process of the nickel-steel gradient composite material. Also discloses a preparation method of the nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire and a method for additive manufacturing of the nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire on a steel substrate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire, a preparation method of the nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire, and a method for performing additive manufacturing on a steel substrate by using the nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire.
Background
Metal-enhanced manufacturing, also known as metal 3D printing, is a process method that utilizes a heat source to melt a metal material and deposits layer-by-layer, point-by-point, according to the slice pattern of a part to manufacture a metal part. According to different heat sources, the method is divided into a selective laser melting technology, a laser cladding deposition technology, an electron beam fuse additive manufacturing technology and an arc fuse deposition technology. Among them, the arc fuse deposition technology, also called arc 3D printing technology, is more and more favored by engineering practice due to its high efficiency, low cost and high flexibility.
The nickel has good corrosion resistance and excellent high-temperature resistance, and is widely applied to the preparation of high-temperature parts. However, nickel is expensive and certain parts of the high temperature structure do not need to be serviced in a high temperature environment, such as a foundation. Therefore, the method for preparing the nickel-steel composite material by adopting the arc 3D printing mode has the advantages of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and low cost, and is the most ideal choice for engineering practice.
However, arc 3D printing is an uneven heating and cooling process, especially with large differences in the thermophysical properties of nickel and steel, resulting in high residual stresses during fabrication. Therefore, there is a need for a transition layer having thermophysical properties between steel and nickel to mitigate the thermodynamic mismatch between the two. Further, Ni, which is a main element of nickel, and Fe, which is a main element of steel, are solid-soluble indefinitely, so that a brittle phase is not formed, but thermal cracking is likely to occur during welding of the two. Therefore, the welding wire for nickel-steel gradient composite material arc 3D printing is developed, the problems of thermal stress concentration, cracking and the like in the 3D printing preparation process of nickel and steel are solved, and the welding wire has important engineering practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire, which solves the problems of stress concentration and cracking in the preparation process of a nickel-steel gradient composite material.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire.
A third object of the present invention is to provide a method for additive manufacturing of a nickel-steel composite arc 3D printing wire on a steel substrate.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Mo powder, 5-10% of Nb powder, 5-10% of Co powder, 2-5% of Ti powder, 2-5% of Al powder, 2-5% of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
the granularity of Cr powder, Mo powder, Nb powder, Co powder, Ti powder, Al powder, Si powder and Ni powder is 200-300 meshes.
The welding skin is a pure nickel strap, the thickness of the nickel strap is 0.4mm, and the width of the nickel strap is 7 mm.
The filling rate of each medicinal powder is 25-30 wt.%.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing 40-60% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Mo powder, 5-10% of Nb powder, 5-10% of Co powder, 2-5% of Ti powder, 2-5% of Al powder, 2-5% of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: placing the powder in a planetary ball mill for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time of the powder is 1-2 h, and the ball milling speed is 300-400 rpm;
and step 3: performing particle size screening on the ball-milled composite powder to ensure that the screened powder is in a particle size range of 200-300 meshes;
and 4, step 4: placing the powder screened in the step 3 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 h;
and 5: removing grease on the surface of the nickel strap by using alcohol, wrapping the mixed powder prepared in the step (4) in the cobalt strap by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
step 6: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The third technical scheme adopted by the invention is a method for additive manufacturing of a nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire on a steel substrate, wherein the additive manufacturing process of the welding wire on the steel substrate is as follows:
(1) polishing the steel plate with a steel wire brush, and removing oil stains on the steel plate with organic solvents such as alcohol, acetone and the like;
(2) selecting an ER50-6 welding wire to perform arc 3D printing on a steel layer, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 6-10 mm; the temperature between control layers in the surfacing process is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(3) carrying out arc 3D printing on the steel layer by using the welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1-2 mm; a CMT welding power supply is adopted in the surfacing process, so that less melting of a matrix is ensured, and mainly welding wire melting is taken as a main material, so that the effect of fusion welding is realized; the temperature between control layers in the surfacing process is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(4) performing arc 3D printing on the transition layer by adopting an ERNi-1 welding wire to prepare a nickel layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 6-10 mm; because the pure nickel welding wire has poor fluidity, the interlayer temperature is controlled between 100 and 200 ℃ so as to ensure the good fluidity of a molten pool.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the nickel-based welding wire is specially used for an electric arc 3D printing system, and better cladding efficiency and cladding quality of the welding wire in the electric arc 3D printing process can be ensured by reasonably adjusting the filling rate and the welding process parameters.
(2) The nickel-based flux-cored wire is mainly added with Cr, the density of Cr is lower than that of steel, and the heat conductivity and specific heat are between nickel and steel, so that the thermodynamic mismatch phenomenon between the nickel and the steel can be alleviated by adding the Cr.
(3) The nickel-based welding wire disclosed by the invention is added with various alloy elements, and has the combined effect of various strengthening mechanisms: cr and Co play a role in solid solution strengthening, and Ti and Al play a role in precipitation strengthening.
(4) In the process of preparing the nickel-steel gradient composite material, the invention reasonably regulates and controls the electric arc technological parameters and reduces the dilution rate among layers in the preparation process, thereby ensuring the excellent performance of the printed composite structure.
(5) The preparation method of the nickel-based welding wire for arc 3D printing is simple in process and convenient for large-scale batch production.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a nickel-steel gradient composite material preparation process performed in the present invention;
fig. 2 is a macroscopic view of a weld overlay obtained when arc 3D printing is performed on a Q345 steel plate by using the flux-cored wire prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscope macroscopic structural morphology of a nickel-based transition layer obtained when the flux-cored wire prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention is subjected to arc 3D printing on a Q345 steel plate;
FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope high power texture map of a nickel-based transition layer obtained when the flux-cored wire prepared in embodiment 2 of the present invention is subjected to arc 3D printing on a Q345 steel plate;
fig. 5 shows the tensile fracture morphology of the joint obtained when the flux-cored wire prepared in embodiment 2 of the invention is subjected to arc 3D printing on a Q345 steel plate.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention provides a nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire which comprises a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Mo powder, 5-10% of Nb powder, 5-10% of Co powder, 2-5% of Ti powder, 2-5% of Al powder, 2-5% of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
The granularity of Cr powder, Mo powder, Nb powder, Co powder, Ti powder, Al powder, Si powder and Ni powder is 200-300 meshes.
The welding skin is a pure nickel strap, the thickness of the nickel strap is 0.4mm, and the width of the nickel strap is 7 mm.
The filling rate of each medicinal powder is 25-30 wt.%.
The main alloy components in the flux-cored wire have the following functions and functions:
the Cr element is used as a main element of the flux-cored wire powder, and has the effects of improving the corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance of a cladding layer. Cr produced by the reaction of Cr and O at high temperature2O3The high temperature resistance of the molten pool can be effectively protected. Cr may also form M with C23C6The carbide type improves the strength of the transition layer.
The Co element is used as a main alloy element of the flux-cored wire, has the functions of high temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, and can make up for the problem of corrosion resistance reduction of a transition layer caused by Fe matrix dilution. Co and Cr, like C, may form M23C6The carbide type improves the strength of the transition layer.
The combination of Al and Ti elements has the function of improving the tensile strength and the lasting strength of the transition layer. In addition, Al and Cr have the capability of synergistically improving the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the transition layer.
The addition of Si element can improve the acid corrosion resistance and sulfuration resistance of the transition layer.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire, which comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: weighing 40-60% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Mo powder, 5-10% of Nb powder, 5-10% of Co powder, 2-5% of Ti powder, 2-5% of Al powder, 2-5% of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: placing the powder in a planetary ball mill for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time of the powder is 1-2 h, and the ball milling speed is 300-400 rpm;
and step 3: performing particle size screening on the ball-milled composite powder to ensure that the screened powder is in a particle size range of 200-300 meshes;
and 4, step 4: placing the powder sieved in the step 3 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 hours;
and 5: removing grease on the surface of the nickel strap by using alcohol, wrapping the mixed powder prepared in the step (4) in the cobalt strap by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
step 6: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, winding the flux-cored wire on a wire reel through a wire winding machine, and finally sealing the flux-cored wire in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The invention also provides a method for additive manufacturing of the nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire on the steel matrix, as shown in fig. 1, the process of additive manufacturing of the welding wire on the steel matrix is as follows:
(1) polishing the steel plate with a steel wire brush, and removing oil stains on the steel plate with organic solvents such as alcohol, acetone and the like;
(2) selecting an ER50-6 welding wire to perform arc 3D printing on a steel layer, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 6-10 mm; the temperature between control layers in the surfacing process is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(3) carrying out arc 3D printing on the steel layer by using the welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1-2 mm; a CMT welding power supply is adopted in the surfacing process, so that less melting of a matrix is ensured, and mainly welding wire melting is taken as a main material, so that the effect of fusion welding is realized; the temperature between control layers in the surfacing process is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(4) performing arc 3D printing on the transition layer by adopting an ERNi-1 welding wire to prepare a nickel layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 6-10 mm; because the pure nickel welding wire has poor fluidity, the interlayer temperature is controlled between 100 and 200 ℃ so as to ensure the good fluidity of a molten pool.
Example 1
The preparation method of the cobalt-based welding wire for the nickel-steel gradient composite material arc 3D printing comprises the following steps:
step 1: 40% of Cr powder, 10% of Mo powder, 5% of Nb powder, 5% of Co powder, 2% of Ti powder, 2% of Al powder, 2% of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder are weighed according to the mass percentage, and the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2: placing the powder in a planetary ball mill for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time of the powder is 1h, and the ball milling speed is 300 rpm;
and step 3: performing particle size screening on the ball-milled composite powder to ensure that the screened powder is in a particle size range of 200-300 meshes;
and 4, step 4: placing the powder sieved in the step 3 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 200 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2 hours;
and 5: removing grease on the surface of the nickel strap by using alcohol, wrapping the mixed powder prepared in the step (4) in the cobalt strap by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm; the filling rate of each powder was 30wt. -%)
Step 6: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The nickel-based flux-cored wire for nickel-steel gradient composite arc 3D printing prepared in example 1 was used to perform arc 3D printing on a Q345 steel plate, and the process was as follows:
(1) polishing the steel plate with a steel wire brush, and removing oil stains on the steel plate with organic solvents such as alcohol, acetone and the like;
(2) selecting an ER50-6 welding wire to perform arc 3D printing on a steel layer, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 6 mm; controlling the temperature between layers to be 80 ℃ in the surfacing process so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(3) carrying out arc 3D printing on the steel layer by adopting the prepared transition layer welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1 mm; a CMT welding power supply is adopted in the surfacing process, so that less melting of a matrix is ensured, and mainly welding wire melting is taken as a main material, so that the effect of fusion welding is realized; controlling the temperature between layers to be 80 ℃ in the surfacing process so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(4) and performing arc 3D printing on the transition layer by adopting an ERNi-1 welding wire to prepare a nickel layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, and the thickness of the welding layer is 7 mm. Because the pure nickel welding wire has poor fluidity, the interlayer temperature is controlled at 70 ℃ so as to ensure the good fluidity of a molten pool.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the nickel-steel gradient composite material is 510MPa, and the fracture position is on one side of the ER50-6 welding seam.
Example 2
The preparation method of the cobalt-based welding wire for the nickel-steel gradient composite material arc 3D printing comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps of weighing 60% of Cr powder, 20% of Mo powder, 10% of Nb powder, 10% of Co powder, 5% of Ti powder, 5% of Al powder, 5% of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2: placing the powder in a planetary ball mill for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time of the powder is 2h, and the ball milling speed is 400 rpm;
and step 3: performing particle size screening on the ball-milled composite powder to ensure that the screened powder is in a particle size range of 200-300 meshes;
and 4, step 4: placing the powder sieved in the step 3 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 4 hours;
and 5: removing grease on the surface of the nickel strap by using alcohol, wrapping the mixed powder prepared in the step (4) in the cobalt strap by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm; the filling ratio of each powder was 25wt. -%)
Step 6: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, winding the flux-cored wire on a wire reel through a wire winding machine, and finally sealing the flux-cored wire in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The process of additive manufacturing on a steel substrate by adopting the prepared transition layer welding wire for the nickel-steel gradient composite material arc 3D printing is as follows:
(1) polishing the steel plate with a steel wire brush, and removing oil stains on the steel plate with organic solvents such as alcohol, acetone and the like;
(2) selecting an ER50-6 welding wire to perform arc 3D printing on a steel layer, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 10 mm; controlling the temperature between layers to be 50 ℃ in the surfacing process so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(3) carrying out arc 3D printing on the steel layer by adopting the prepared transition layer welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of the overlaying layer is 2 mm; a CMT welding power supply is adopted in the surfacing process, so that less melting of a matrix is ensured, and mainly welding wire melting is taken as a main material, so that the effect of fusion welding is realized; controlling the interlayer temperature at 40 ℃ in the surfacing process to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the surfacing layer;
(4) and performing arc 3D printing on the transition layer by adopting an ERNi-1 welding wire to prepare a nickel layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, and the thickness of the overlaying layer is 10 mm. Because the pure nickel welding wire has poor fluidity, the interlayer temperature is controlled at 200 ℃ so as to ensure the good fluidity of a molten pool.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the nickel-steel gradient composite material is 520MPa, and the fracture position is on one side of the ER50-6 welding seam.
The nickel-based flux-cored wire for arc 3D printing of the nickel-steel gradient composite material prepared in the embodiment 2 is subjected to surfacing on a Q345 steel plate, and the macro morphology after surfacing is shown in fig. 2. As can be seen from the figure, the forming between the steel layer and the nickel layer is good, and the tatting phenomenon is avoided. The cross-sectional morphology of the prepared nickel-steel gradient composite material is shown in fig. 3. As can be seen from the figure, the fusion between the steel layer and the transition layer is good and no defects are generated. Fig. 4 is a high-power microstructure of the nickel-based transition layer, and it can be seen that the cladding layer is mainly dominated by the cellular austenite structure. FIG. 5 shows a tensile fracture of a nickel-steel gradient composite material, wherein the fracture site is on the steel side, and the observation result of a scanning electron microscope mainly takes the shape of a bremsstrahlung dimple as a main point.
Example 3
The preparation method of the cobalt-based welding wire for the nickel-steel gradient composite material arc 3D printing comprises the following steps:
step 1: respectively weighing 50% of Cr powder, 15% of Mo powder, 8% of Nb powder, 7% of Co powder, 3% of Ti powder, 35% of Al powder, 3% of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder according to the mass percentage, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
And 2, step: placing the powder in a planetary ball mill for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time of the powder is 1.5h, and the ball milling speed is 350 rpm;
and step 3: performing particle size screening on the ball-milled composite powder to ensure that the screened powder is in a particle size range of 200-300 meshes;
and 4, step 4: placing the powder sieved in the step 3 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 250 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3 hours;
and 5: removing grease on the surface of the nickel strap by using alcohol, wrapping the mixed powder prepared in the step (4) in the cobalt strap by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm; the filling rate of each powder was 26 wt.%.
And 6: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
And 5, the filling rate of the Chinese medicinal powder is 25-30%.
The process of additive manufacturing on a steel substrate by using the prepared transition layer welding wire for nickel-steel gradient composite material arc 3D printing is as follows (as shown in figure 1):
(1) polishing the steel plate with a steel wire brush, and removing oil stains on the steel plate with organic solvents such as alcohol, acetone and the like;
(2) selecting an ER50-6 welding wire to perform arc 3D printing on a steel layer, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 8 mm; the temperature between layers is controlled at 60 ℃ in the surfacing process so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(3) carrying out arc 3D printing on the steel layer by adopting the prepared transition layer welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1.5 mm; a CMT welding power supply is adopted in the surfacing process, so that less melting of a matrix is ensured, and mainly welding wire melting is taken as a main material, so that the effect of fusion welding is realized; controlling the interlayer temperature at 40 ℃ in the surfacing process to ensure the dimensional accuracy of the surfacing layer;
(4) and performing arc 3D printing on the transition layer by adopting an ERNi-1 welding wire to prepare a nickel layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, and the thickness of the overlaying layer is 7 mm. Because the pure nickel welding wire has poor fluidity, the interlayer temperature is controlled at 150 ℃ so as to ensure the good fluidity of a molten pool.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the nickel-steel gradient composite material is 501MPa, and the fracture position is on one side of the ER50-6 welding seam.
Example 4
The preparation method of the cobalt-based welding wire for the nickel-steel gradient composite material arc 3D printing comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the following steps of weighing 48% of Cr powder, 12% of Mo powder, 6% of Nb powder, 9% of Co powder, 4% of Ti powder, 2.5% of Al powder, 4% of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
Step 2: placing the powder in a planetary ball mill for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time of the powder is 1.2h, and the ball milling speed is 370 rpm;
and 3, step 3: performing particle size screening on the ball-milled composite powder to ensure that the screened powder is in a particle size range of 200-300 meshes;
and 4, step 4: placing the powder sieved in the step 3 in a vacuum heating furnace for heating treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 270 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2.3 hours;
and 5: removing grease on the surface of the nickel strap by using alcohol, wrapping the mixed powder prepared in the step (4) in the cobalt strap by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm; the filling rate of each powder was 25 wt.%.
Step 6: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The prepared transition layer welding wire for nickel-steel gradient composite material arc 3D printing is adopted to perform additive manufacturing on a steel substrate as follows (as shown in figure 1):
(1) polishing the steel plate with a steel wire brush, and removing oil stains on the steel plate with organic solvents such as alcohol, acetone and the like;
(2) selecting an ER50-6 welding wire to perform arc 3D printing on a steel layer, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 9 mm; controlling the interlayer temperature at 30 ℃ in the surfacing process so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(3) carrying out arc 3D printing on the steel layer by adopting the prepared transition layer welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1.3 mm; a CMT welding power supply is adopted in the surfacing process, so that less melting of a matrix is ensured, and mainly welding wire melting is taken as a main material, so that the effect of fusion welding is realized; controlling the temperature between layers to be 30 ℃ in the surfacing process so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(4) and performing arc 3D printing on the transition layer by adopting an ERNi-1 welding wire to prepare a nickel layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, and the thickness of the overlaying layer is 9 mm. Because the pure nickel welding wire has poor fluidity, the interlayer temperature is controlled at 130 ℃ so as to ensure the good fluidity of a molten pool.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the nickel-steel gradient composite material is 541MPa, and the fracture position is on one side of the ER50-6 welding seam.
Example 5
The preparation method of the cobalt-based welding wire for the nickel-steel gradient composite material arc 3D printing comprises the following steps:
step 1: 54 percent of Cr powder, 19 percent of Mo powder, 3.8 percent of Nb powder, 4.2 percent of Co powder, 3.7 percent of Ti powder, 4.7 percent of Al powder, 3.6 percent of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder are weighed according to the mass percent, and the sum of the mass percent of the components is 100 percent.
Step 2: placing the powder in a planetary ball mill for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time of the powder is 1.7h, and the ball milling speed is 365 rpm;
and step 3: performing particle size screening on the ball-milled composite powder to ensure that the screened powder is in a particle size range of 200-300 meshes;
and 4, step 4: placing the powder sieved in the step 3 in a vacuum heating furnace for heating treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 255 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 3.4 hours;
and 5: removing grease on the surface of the nickel strap by adopting alcohol, wrapping the mixed powder prepared in the step (4) in a cobalt strap by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm; the filling rate of each powder was 25 wt.%.
Step 6: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, winding the flux-cored wire on a wire reel through a wire winding machine, and finally sealing the flux-cored wire in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
The process of additive manufacturing on a steel substrate by using the prepared transition layer welding wire for nickel-steel gradient composite material arc 3D printing is as follows (as shown in figure 1):
(1) polishing the steel plate with a steel wire brush, and removing oil stains on the steel plate with organic solvents such as alcohol, acetone and the like;
(2) selecting an ER50-6 welding wire to perform arc 3D printing on a steel layer, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 7 mm; controlling the temperature between layers to be 50 ℃ in the surfacing process so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(3) carrying out arc 3D printing on the steel layer by adopting the prepared transition layer welding wire, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of the overlaying layer is 1.7 mm; a CMT welding power supply is adopted in the surfacing process, so that less melting of a base body is ensured, and mainly welding wires are melted, so that the effect of molten fiber welding is realized; controlling the temperature between layers to be 50 ℃ in the surfacing process so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(4) and performing arc 3D printing on the transition layer by adopting an ERNi-1 welding wire to prepare a nickel layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, and the thickness of the overlaying layer is 8 mm. Because the pure nickel welding wire has poor fluidity, the interlayer temperature is controlled at 180 ℃ so as to ensure the good fluidity of a molten pool.
The test shows that the tensile strength of the nickel-steel gradient composite material is 533MPa, and the fracture position is on one side of the ER50-6 welding seam. In examples 1 to 5, the nickel tape had a thickness of 0.4mm and a width of 7 mm.
Claims (6)
1. The nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire is characterized by comprising a flux core and a welding skin, wherein the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40-60% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Mo powder, 5-10% of Nb powder, 5-10% of Co powder, 2-5% of Ti powder, 2-5% of Al powder, 2-5% of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%.
2. The nickel-steel composite arc 3D printing welding wire as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle sizes of Cr powder, Mo powder, Nb powder, Co powder, Ti powder, Al powder, Si powder and Ni powder are 200-300 meshes.
3. The nickel-steel composite arc 3D printing wire of claim 1, wherein the weld skin is a pure nickel ribbon with a thickness of 0.4mm and a width of 7 mm.
4. The nickel-steel composite arc 3D printing wire of claim 1, wherein the filling rate of each powder is 25-30 wt.%.
5. The preparation method of the nickel-steel composite material arc 3D printing welding wire is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
step 1: weighing 40-60% of Cr powder, 10-20% of Mo powder, 5-10% of Nb powder, 5-10% of Co powder, 2-5% of Ti powder, 2-5% of Al powder, 2-5% of Si powder and the balance of Ni powder according to mass percent, wherein the sum of the mass percentages of the components is 100%;
step 2: placing the powder in a planetary ball mill for ball milling treatment, wherein the ball milling time of the powder is 1-2 h, and the ball milling speed is 300-400 rpm;
and step 3: performing particle size screening on the ball-milled composite powder to ensure that the screened powder is in a particle size range of 200-300 meshes;
and 4, step 4: placing the powder sieved in the step 3 into a vacuum heating furnace for heating treatment, wherein the heating temperature is 200-300 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 2-4 hours;
and 5: removing grease on the surface of the nickel strap by using alcohol, wrapping the mixed powder prepared in the step (4) in the cobalt strap by using flux-cored wire drawing equipment, wherein the aperture of a first drawing die is 2.6 mm;
and 6: after the first process is finished, the aperture of the die is reduced in sequence, and finally the flux-cored wire with the diameter of 1.0-1.2 mm is obtained;
and 7: and after the flux-cored wire is drawn, the flux-cored wire is wound on a wire reel through a wire winding machine and finally sealed in a flux-cored wire vacuum packaging bag for later use.
6. Method for additive manufacturing of a nickel-steel composite arc 3D printed welding wire on a steel substrate, characterized in that the additive manufacturing process on a steel substrate with a welding wire according to any of claims 1-4 is as follows:
(1) polishing the steel plate by using a steel wire brush to remove oil stains on the steel plate;
(2) selecting an ER50-6 welding wire to perform arc 3D printing on a steel layer, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 6-10 mm; the temperature between control layers in the surfacing process is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(3) carrying out arc 3D printing on the steel layer by using the welding wire according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the welding current is 180-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 1-2 mm; a CMT welding power supply is adopted in the surfacing process; the temperature between control layers in the surfacing process is below 100 ℃ so as to ensure the dimensional accuracy of a surfacing layer;
(4) performing arc 3D printing on the transition layer by adopting an ERNi-1 welding wire to prepare a nickel layer, wherein the welding current is 150-200A, and the thickness of a surfacing layer is 6-10 mm; therefore, the interlayer temperature is controlled between 100 ℃ and 200 ℃.
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