CN114530320B - Micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of metal material metallurgy and heat treatment. Micron-sized ferromagnetic neodymium-iron-boron particles (Nd) 2 Fe 14 B) Amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic particles (Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P 5 ) Hybrid reinforced 7075 aluminum alloy. The method comprises the steps of placing a composite material block base material into a strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering furnace, adopting a strong magnetic field auxiliary microwave sintering process, and carrying out solution treatment and magnetic field oil bath coupling aging treatment on the prepared base material to prepare the high-strength high-toughness high-magnetic-performance hybrid particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material. The aluminum-based composite material with excellent comprehensive mechanical property and magnetic property is obtained by regulating and controlling the proportion of different reinforced particles and the magnetic field oil bath coupling aging treatment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal matrix composite materials, and particularly relates to a magnetic functional aluminum matrix composite material, namely a micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Aluminum alloy is one of the lightest structural metals, and has the advantages of low density, high strength, easy recycling and outstanding corrosion resistance, and great potential for improving energy efficiency in the fields of aerospace, electronics, automobiles and national defense. Along with the development of industry, how to obtain multifunctionality, such as the aim of scientists, is always that the aluminum alloy with high strength and high magnetic property is pursued along with the increasingly strict performance pursuing of the aluminum alloy, and the hybrid biphase reinforcing technical means can effectively improve the strength and toughness of the aluminum alloy material, because different reinforcing body granularities play different roles in a matrix, the nanoscale particle reinforcing bodies have better dispersion strengthening effect in the matrix, and the strength of the aluminum-based composite material can be effectively improved; the micron-sized reinforcement plays a role of framework support in the matrix, so that the overall hardness and the wear resistance of the composite material are greatly enhanced, and compared with a single reinforcement, the advantages of each reinforcement phase can be maintained through the interaction and the mixing effect between the multi-scale reinforcement particles and various reinforcement particles, and the mixed particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material with high hardness and high wear resistance can be obtained. The method is particularly important for selecting the reinforcement after theoretical basis is provided for improving the toughness of the material.
Research on hybrid particle reinforced aluminum-based composite materials is in an emerging stage, related researches are less, and most of reinforcing phases of the hybrid particle reinforced aluminum-based composite materials at present adopt SiC and Al with single micron or single nanometer scale 2 O 3 The reinforced particles and the matrix are made of high-strength aluminum alloy, and compared with the existing particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, the externally added nano-sized particles can generate agglomeration phenomenon, so that the toughness of the material is affected, the externally added micro-reinforcement particles are mostly made of non-magnetic, non-metal, ceramic and other materials, the combination effect of the externally added particles and the aluminum alloy interface can be weakened, and the externally added micro-nano-sized particles in the material can not be well modified/improved and improved in field effect under the strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering technology, because the high strength of the externally added micro-nano-sized particles is kept when the two types of particles are selected for hybrid reinforcement, the problem of the combination of the reinforcing body and the aluminum alloy interface is considered, and the externally added micro-sized particles have magnetism. An Al alloy based composite (AMMC) reinforced with amorphous alloy/metallic glass/ceramic particles may yield a high performance composite compared to aluminum alloys. Potential to exhibit excellent mechanical properties such as high tensile strength, good ductility, good wear resistance, fatigue resistance, etc., in which amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P 5 The powder is a novel reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and has high saturation magnetic induction intensity and high magnetic permeabilityThe aluminum-based composite material has the advantages of high strength, high modulus, wear resistance, fatigue resistance, good dimensional stability, low coercivity and the like, and the compatibility of the aluminum-based composite material serving as the iron-based amorphous alloy and the aluminum alloy is better than that of the traditional ceramic particles, so that the volume fraction and the like can be properly improved to obtain a more uniform aluminum-based composite material, the problems of particle breakage, interface bonding degree and good bonding interface are solved, the load is favorably transferred from a matrix to a reinforcing body, the strength of the composite material is improved, and the composite material has good plasticity. For the existing aluminum-based composite material, the composite material has no magnetism, and even if a part of soft magnetic nanoscale reinforcing body is added, the overall magnetic performance is weaker, so that the hard magnetic micron Nd 2 Fe 14 The B particles are the third-generation hard magnetic material, so that the strength of the material is improved and the overall magnetic performance of the composite material is improved if the B particles are added as a micron-sized reinforcing phase. In combination, amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe is added 76 Si 9 B 10 P 5 Powder and micron-sized hard magnetic Nd 2 Fe 14 The selection of the B particles as the hybrid reinforced micro-nano particles ensures that the selected particles have excellent magnetic properties under the conditions of keeping high strength and good interface combination with aluminum alloy, and can effectively regulate and control the microscopic morphology of the externally added particles in the material in the process of strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering and magnetic field oil bath, thereby further improving the comprehensive performance of the material.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to further improve the toughness, the magnetic performance and the wear resistance of the aluminum-based composite material, the invention provides the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation method thereof, and the toughness, the wear resistance and the magnetic performance of the aluminum-based composite material are improved.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the preparation method of the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1) preparing mixed powder, namely, amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P powder, micron order Nd 2 Fe 14 Putting the B particles and 7075Al alloy powder into a zirconia ball tank, adding absolute ethyl alcohol, vacuumizing the ball tank, and performing ball milling at the speed of 200-400r/min for 4-8h;
step 2) putting the composite powder obtained after ball milling and powder mixing into a hard alloy die, performing hot isostatic pressing to form a blank, and pressing at 150 ℃ and 500Mpa to form a blank to obtain a green body;
step 3) preparing the mixed composite material through strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering: heating the block composite material in heating equipment under the protection of nitrogen, heating to 470-500 ℃ under a strong magnetic field of 3T, preserving heat for 1-3h, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling way to obtain a sintered and molded base material;
step 4) carrying out solution treatment and magnetic field oil bath coupling aging treatment on the base material: after being subjected to solid solution for 45min at 480 ℃, the aluminum-based composite material (Fe) is obtained by carrying out magnetic field oil bath aging treatment, taking out and air cooling to room temperature 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p /7075A1。
Preferably, the amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe in step 1) 76 Si 9 B 10 P powder, micron order Nd 2 Fe 14 The volume fractions of the B particles and 7075Al alloy powder are respectively as follows: 75-88% of matrix 7075Al alloy powder and amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P 5 1.5-5% of powder and micron-sized Nd 2 Fe 14 7% -23.5% of B particles.
Preferably, the particle sizes of the components in the composite material are respectively as follows: base 7075Al alloy powder 5-25um, amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P powder 30-50nm, micron Nd 2 Fe 14 B particles 1-5um.
Preferably, the powder mixing process in the step 1) is carried out under the protection of nitrogen; ball-milling, ball-to-material ratio 4:1, large to small ball ratio = 1:4:8, adding 30-80ml of absolute ethyl alcohol.
Preferably, step 3) is performed under a nitrogen atmosphere.
Preferably, the cooling mode in the step 3) is room temperature air cooling.
Preferably, in the magnetic field oil bath coupling aging treatment in the step 4), the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field environment is 1T.
Preferably, in the magnetic field oil bath coupling aging treatment in step 4), the aging is conducted in an oil bath at 140-180 ℃ for 4-8 hours.
The micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the preparation method is characterized by adopting amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P 5 Particle and micron order Nd 2 Fe 14 The B particles reinforce the 7075Al alloy matrix.
Preferably, in the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 The volume fraction of P particles is 1.5% -5%, nd 2 Fe 14 The volume fraction of the B particles is 7% -23.5%.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
the internal composition of the hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material prepared by the invention is amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P particles and micron order Nd 2 Fe 14 The B particles are uniformly distributed on the 7075Al alloy matrix, and the reinforcing effect of the matrix is different due to different particle size scales, different types of reinforcing particles and different reinforcing modes of the particle sizes, so that the amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 The P grain size is smaller, has good dispersion strengthening effect, can improve the strength and extensibility of the composite material, and the micron-sized Nd 2 Fe 14 The B particles are used as larger hard particles and used as a framework to bear the abrasion load, so that the overall hardness of the composite material can be improved, and the strength and the abrasion resistance of the composite material are improved; meanwhile, the two reinforced particles have good magnetic properties, so that the reinforced particles have good effects on regulating and controlling the internal microstructure of the material when the strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering and the magnetic field oil bath aging treatment are carried out, and the amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P particles, micron Nd 2 Fe 14 The hybrid reinforcing effect of the B particles ensures that the composite material has wear resistance and high magnetic property while improving the toughness of the material compared with 7075Al alloy, and can be applied to process production.
The preparation method adopts a composite strengthening method, and comprises a plurality of strengthening means such as dispersion strengthening, fine grain strengthening, dislocation strengthening, solid solution strengthening, aging heat treatment strengthening and the like, so that the microstructure of the composite material is improved, and the performance is improved; the preparation process flow of the invention comprises the technological means of powder metallurgy, hot isostatic pressing, strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering heat treatment, magnetic field oil bath coupling aging treatment and the like, fully plays the advantages of each method, simultaneously avoids the defects of various methods, prepares the high-quality aluminum-based composite material, adopts a high-energy ball milling method to ensure that added reinforcing particles can be uniformly distributed in a matrix, compacts powder into blocks through hot isostatic pressing, and obtains compact composite material by utilizing the characteristics of rapid temperature rise, magnetic field macroscopic regulation, short-time sintering and the like of strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering.
The invention adopts 30-50nm amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P particles can simplify the preparation process, increase the dislocation density as much as possible to achieve the effect of dispersion strengthening and the effect of dislocation strengthening, and micron-sized Nd 2 Fe 14 The B particles play a role of pinning, and also solve the problem of combining large ceramic particles with a matrix due to the advantages of good thermal stability, slow diffusivity, high strength, high hardness, wear resistance and the like of the hard magnet, have higher crystallization temperature, and are favorable for load transfer from the matrix to the reinforcement, so that the strength of the composite material is improved, and the composite material has good plasticity.
The strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering is based on the magnetic property of reinforced particles and the capability of the special wave band of microwaves and the basic microstructure coupling of materials under the precondition of micro-nano soft and hard magnetic hybrid diphase reinforcement, and meanwhile, the crucible with high dielectric loss heats the materials through heat radiation to ensure that the whole of the materials is uniformly heated, the generated temperature gradient is smaller than that of other heating modes, the heating rate is faster, the prepared materials are not easy to generate phenomena of agglomeration, growth and the like in a short time, meanwhile, the reinforced phases are distributed more in the materials under the action of the external environment of a strong magnetic field, and the orientation distribution of the magnetic reinforced phases can be regulated and controlled macroscopically by adjusting the strength of the magnetic field in the sintering preparation process.
Because of metastable state in microstructure after strong magnetic field microwave short time sintering, residual stress is generated in the processes of welding, rolling, extruding, heat treatment and the like, a workpiece is often deformed, deformed or cracked spontaneously, so heat treatment such as annealing, artificial aging or tempering is the most common method, and aging medium selection in the aging treatment process determines whether aging temperature of a material is uniform in the aging process and aging environment is stable or not.
In conclusion, the invention combines the process characteristics of powder metallurgy, hot isostatic pressing, strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering, magnetic field oil bath coupling aging treatment and the like, adopts the addition of amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P 5 Particles, micron order Nd 2 Fe 14 B particle reinforced 7075Al hybrid particle reinforced composites. The preparation method comprehensively utilizes a plurality of preparation methods, selects multi-scale reinforcement particles with magnetic properties and technological processes of magnetic field intervention sintering and aging processes, prepares the high-performance composite material by improving different proportions and the like, adopts different reinforcement particles with nano and micron double scales, improves the defect of single-scale particle reinforcement, combines different advantages of different reinforcement phases, generates a hybrid effect, and further improves the toughness of the aluminum-based composite material.
The invention uses amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P 5 Powder, micron-sized hard magnetic Nd 2 Fe 14 B particles reinforced 7075Al composite material and a method for preparing micro-nano hard and soft by adopting strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering and magnetic field oil bath coupling aging treatmentThe magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite. (Fe) prepared by a composite strengthening method 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p Compared with the existing soft magnetic material, the 7075A1 aluminum-based composite material has obviously improved magnetic properties such as saturation induction intensity, coercive force and the like, and compared with the existing hard magnetic material, the aluminum-based composite material has better mechanical properties than the hard magnetic material, has the problems of hardness, brittleness and the like, and keeps the excellent mechanical properties of the aluminum-based composite material.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the composition of the present invention (Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p Microstructure of the/7075A 1 composite.
FIG. 2 shows the composition of the present invention (Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p Microstructure of the/7075A 1 composite interface.
FIG. 3 shows the composition of the present invention (Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p Mechanical properties of the matrix of the/7075A 1 composite material at the interface with different reinforcing particles change.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and the specific embodiments, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
First, according to volume fraction 1.5% Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P、10％Nd 2 Fe 14 Mixing the B and 88.5%7075Al alloy powder in proportion, placing the mixture in a ball milling tank, and the ball-to-material ratio is 4:1, large to small ball ratio = 1:4: and 8, adding 70ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, vacuumizing, introducing nitrogen, ball milling at a speed of 200r/min for 4h, and mechanically alloying by high-energy ball milling to obtain the composite powder.
And (3) putting the composite powder into a die, performing hot isostatic pressing under the conditions that the pressure is 500MPa and the dwell time is 2min at 150 ℃, and putting the block after the hot isostatic pressing into sintering equipment for sintering. And preserving heat for 1h under the condition that the magnetic induction intensity is 3T and 480 ℃,carrying out strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering to prepare micro-nano soft-hard magnetic dual-phase hybrid enhanced (Fe) 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p And (3) cooling the composite block to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished by the 7075A1 composite material parent metal.
Next, the resultant (Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p the/7075A 1 composite material parent metal is put into a muffle furnace for solution treatment. And vacuumizing the furnace, filling nitrogen, heating to 480 ℃, preserving heat for 45min, taking out, and air-cooling to room temperature.
Then, the surface of the sample after solution treatment is rapidly wiped, and the sample is placed into a magnetic field oil bath aging treatment device, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field is 1T, the heating rate of an oil bath pot is 10 ℃/min, the temperature is raised to 140 ℃, and the sample is taken out for air cooling to room temperature after aging for 4 hours.
The samples of this example were tested by tissue observation. As shown in FIG. 1, the microstructure SEM photograph of the composite material of the embodiment shows that the microstructure of the composite material after heat treatment is compact, and the micro-nano reinforced phase distribution is diffuse. As shown in FIG. 2, TEM photograph of the interface microstructure of the composite material, the amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe in the embodiment 76 Si 9 B 10 The volume fraction of P particles is 1.5%, and the micron-sized Nd 2 Fe 14 The volume fraction of B is 10%, the hardness of the prepared hybrid reinforced material is 203.6HV, 2.03 times of that of the matrix, the yield strength is 243.4MPa, the elongation is 41.5%, the saturation magnetic induction of the material is 0.8T, and the remanence is 0.3T.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing hardness testing of nano-indentations performed on the surfaces of 7075 aluminum matrix, the interface between 7075 matrix and micro-sized particles, the interface between 7075 matrix and nano-sized particles, and the two particles, the curve going to the left shows that the higher the hardness, the higher the strength.
Example 2
First, according to the volume fraction of 3% Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P、13.5％Nd 2 Fe 14 Mixing B and 83.5%7075Al alloy powder, ball milling in ball milling tankMaterial ratio 4:1, large to small ball ratio = 1:4: and 8, adding 70ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, vacuumizing, introducing nitrogen, ball milling at a speed of 300r/min for 5h, and mechanically alloying by high-energy ball milling to obtain the composite powder.
And (3) putting the composite powder into a die, performing hot isostatic pressing under the conditions that the pressure is 500MPa and the dwell time is 2min at 150 ℃, and putting the block after the hot isostatic pressing into sintering equipment for sintering. And preserving the heat for 1.5 hours under the conditions of the magnetic induction intensity of 3T and 500 ℃ and carrying out microwave short-time sintering of a strong magnetic field to prepare the micro-nano soft-hard magnetic dual-phase hybrid enhanced (Fe) 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p And (3) cooling the composite block to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished by the 7075A1 composite material parent metal.
Next, the resultant (Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p the/7075A 1 composite material parent metal is put into a muffle furnace for solution treatment. And vacuumizing the furnace, filling nitrogen, heating to 480 ℃, preserving heat for 45min, taking out, and air-cooling to room temperature.
Then, the surface of the sample after solution treatment is rapidly wiped, and the sample is placed into a magnetic field oil bath aging treatment device, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field is 1T, the heating rate of an oil bath pot is 10 ℃/min, the temperature is raised to 160 ℃, and the sample is taken out for air cooling to room temperature after aging for 5 hours.
The organization of the composite material after heat treatment is compact, and the micro-nano reinforced phase distribution is diffuse. Amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe in this example 76 Si 9 B 10 The volume fraction of P particles is 3%, and the micron-sized Nd 2 Fe 14 The volume fraction of B is 13.5%, the hardness of the prepared hybrid reinforced material is 224.8HV, the hardness is 2.24 times of that of the matrix, the yield strength is 291.4MPa, the elongation is 40.7%, the saturation magnetic induction of the material is 0.92T, and the remanence is 0.42T.
Example 3
First, according to the volume fraction of 4.5% Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P、17.5％Nd 2 Fe 14 Mixing the B and 78%7075Al alloy powder in proportion, placing the mixture in a ball milling tank, and the ball-to-material ratio is 4:1, big, middle and small ballRatio = 1:4: and 8, adding 70ml of absolute ethyl alcohol, vacuumizing, introducing nitrogen, ball milling at a speed of 400r/min for 8 hours, and mechanically alloying by high-energy ball milling to obtain the composite powder.
And (3) putting the composite powder into a die, performing hot isostatic pressing under the conditions that the pressure is 500MPa and the dwell time is 2min at 150 ℃, and putting the block after the hot isostatic pressing into sintering equipment for sintering. And preserving heat for 2h under the conditions of magnetic induction intensity of 3T and 470 ℃, and carrying out strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering to prepare the micro-nano soft-hard magnetic dual-phase hybrid enhanced (Fe) 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p And (3) cooling the composite block to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished by the 7075A1 composite material parent metal.
Next, the resultant (Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p the/7075A 1 composite material parent metal is put into a muffle furnace for solution treatment. And vacuumizing the furnace, filling nitrogen, heating to 480 ℃, preserving heat for 45min, taking out, and air-cooling to room temperature.
Then, the surface of the sample after solution treatment is rapidly wiped, and the sample is placed into a magnetic field oil bath aging treatment device, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field is 1T, the heating rate of an oil bath pot is 10 ℃/min, the temperature is raised to 160 ℃, and the sample is taken out for air cooling to room temperature after aging for 3 hours.
The organization of the composite material after heat treatment is compact, and the micro-nano reinforced phase distribution is diffuse. Amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe in this example 76 Si 9 B 10 The volume fraction of P particles was 4.5%, micron order Nd 2 Fe 14 The volume fraction of B is 17.5%, the hardness of the prepared hybrid reinforced material is 243.6HV, 2.42 times of that of the matrix, the yield strength is 304.8MPa, the elongation is 38.4%, the saturation magnetic induction of the material is 0.96T, and the remanence is 0.48T.
Example 4
First, according to volume fraction 2% Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P、16％Nd 2 Fe 14 Mixing the B and the 82 percent 7075Al alloy powder in proportion, putting the mixture into a ball milling tank, and the ball-to-material ratio is 4:1, large to small ball ratio = 1:4:8, adding anhydrous70ml of ethanol, vacuumizing, introducing nitrogen, ball milling at a speed of 400r/min for 6h, and mechanically alloying by high-energy ball milling to obtain the composite powder.
And (3) putting the composite powder into a die, performing hot isostatic pressing under the conditions that the pressure is 500MPa and the dwell time is 2min at 150 ℃, and putting the block after the hot isostatic pressing into sintering equipment for sintering. And preserving the heat for 2.5 hours under the conditions of the magnetic induction intensity of 3T and 480 ℃ and carrying out microwave short-time sintering of a strong magnetic field to prepare the micro-nano soft-hard magnetic dual-phase hybrid enhanced (Fe) 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p And (3) cooling the composite block to room temperature after the heat preservation is finished by the 7075A1 composite material parent metal.
Next, the resultant (Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p the/7075A 1 composite material parent metal is put into a muffle furnace for solution treatment. And vacuumizing the furnace, filling nitrogen, heating to 480 ℃, preserving heat for 45min, taking out, and air-cooling to room temperature.
Then, the surface of the sample after solution treatment is rapidly wiped, and the sample is placed into a magnetic field oil bath aging treatment device, wherein the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field is 1T, the heating rate of an oil bath pot is 10 ℃/min, the temperature is increased to 180 ℃, and the sample is taken out after aging for 2.5 hours and cooled to room temperature.
The organization of the composite material after heat treatment is compact, and the micro-nano reinforced phase distribution is diffuse. Amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe in this example 76 Si 9 B 10 The volume fraction of P particles is 2%, micron-sized Nd 2 Fe 14 The volume fraction of B is 16%, the hardness of the prepared hybrid reinforced material is 254.8HV, the hardness is 2.54 times of that of the matrix, the yield strength is 284.6MPa, the elongation is 41.6%, the saturation magnetic induction of the material is 0.82T, and the remanence is 0.34T.
Claims (9)
1. The preparation method of the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Preparing mixed powder, namely nano-scale Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P powder, micron order Nd 2 Fe 14 Putting the B particles and 7075Al alloy powder into a zirconia ball tank, adding ethanol, vacuumizing the ball tank, and performing ball milling at a ball milling rotating speed of 200-400r/min for 4-8h, wherein the nano-scale Fe is prepared by the steps of 76 Si 9 B 10 P powder, micron order Nd 2 Fe 14 The volume fractions of the B particles and 7075Al alloy powder are respectively as follows: 75-88% of base 7075Al alloy powder and nano-scale Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P 5 1.5-5% of powder, micron-sized Nd 2 Fe 14 7% -23.5% of B particles;
2) Placing the composite powder obtained after ball milling and powder mixing into a hard alloy die for hot isostatic pressing to form a blank, and pressing the blank at 150 ℃ and 500Mpa to obtain a green body;
3) And (3) preparing the mixed composite material by strong magnetic field microwave short-time sintering: heating the block composite material in heating equipment, heating to 470-500 ℃ under a strong magnetic field of 1-3T, preserving heat for 1-3h, and then rapidly cooling to room temperature to obtain a sintered and molded base material;
4) Carrying out solution treatment and magnetic field oil bath coupling aging treatment on the base material: after being solutioned for 45min at 480 ℃, the aluminum-based composite material (Fe) is obtained after aging treatment is carried out in an oil bath aging pot in a magnetic field environment, and then the aluminum-based composite material is taken out and slowly cooled to room temperature 76 Si 9 B 10 P+Nd 2 Fe 14 B) p /7075A1。
2. The preparation method of the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, wherein the particle sizes of the components in the composite material are respectively as follows: base 7075Al alloy powder 5-25um, nano-scale Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 P powder 30-50nm, micron Nd 2 Fe 14 B particles 1-5um.
3. The preparation method of the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the powder mixing process in the step 1) is performed under the protection of nitrogen or argon; ball-milling, ball-to-material ratio 4:1, large to small ball ratio = 1:4:8, adding 30-80ml of ethanol.
4. The method for preparing the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein the step 3) is performed in a nitrogen protection environment.
5. The method for preparing the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite according to claim 1, wherein the cooling mode in the step 3) is room temperature air cooling.
6. The method for preparing the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the magnetic induction intensity of the magnetic field environment is 1T in the magnetic field oil bath coupling aging treatment process.
7. The method for preparing the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4), the magnetic field oil bath coupling aging treatment is carried out for 4-8 hours at 140-180 ℃.
8. The micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material prepared by the preparation method of the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe is adopted 76 Si 9 B 10 P 5 Particle and micron order Nd 2 Fe 14 The B particles reinforce the 7075Al alloy matrix.
9. The micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 8, wherein in the micro-nano hard soft magnetic dual-phase hybrid particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, amorphous nanocrystalline soft magnetic Fe 76 Si 9 B 10 The volume fraction of P particles is 1.5% -5%, nd 2 Fe 14 The volume fraction of the B particles is 7% -23.5%.
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