CN114528624A - Water flow acceleration method and system for water delivery open channel - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种输水明渠水流加速方法及系统，其方法包括：获取输水明渠的设计参数变化率，基于所述设计参数变化率，确定输水明渠渠道的当前输水能力，判断所述当前输水能力是否合格，若是，无需进行后续操作，否则，根据所述当前输水能力确定待增加的过流量和水头，采用一维模型分析计算出增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线。通过评估输水明渠的当前水输水能力，确定其待增加的过流量和水头，并通过设置轴流泵增加水流流速来直观地提高输水明渠的输水能力，提高了整体的工程工作效率和工作人员的体验感。
The present invention provides a method and system for accelerating water flow in a water conveyance open channel. The method includes: acquiring a design parameter change rate of the water conveyance open channel, determining the current water conveyance capacity of the water conveyance open channel based on the design parameter change rate, and judging the Whether the current water conveyance capacity is qualified, if so, no follow-up operation is required, otherwise, the overflow and water head to be increased are determined according to the current water conveyance capacity, and a one-dimensional model is used to analyze and calculate the water conveyance after increasing the overflow and head. The open channel surface line of the open channel. By evaluating the current water conveying capacity of the water conveying open channel, determining its overflow and water head to be increased, and by setting the axial flow pump to increase the water flow velocity, the water conveying capacity of the water conveying open channel can be intuitively improved, and the overall engineering work efficiency is improved. and the experience of the staff.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及明渠输水工程领域，具体涉及一种输水明渠水流加速方法及系统。The invention relates to the field of open channel water conveyance engineering, in particular to a water flow acceleration method and system in an open channel for water conveyance.
背景技术Background technique
我国水资源空间分布极不均衡，南方水多，北方水少，资源性缺水成为制约我国尤其是北方地区经济社会发展的重要因素。长距离输水工程是解决我国水资源空间分布不均，资源性缺水的重要水资源优化配置工程措施，是我国水安全的重要保障。The spatial distribution of water resources in my country is extremely uneven, with more water in the south and less water in the north, and resource water shortage has become an important factor restricting the economic and social development of my country, especially the northern region. The long-distance water delivery project is an important engineering measure for the optimal allocation of water resources to solve the uneven spatial distribution of water resources and resource-based water shortage in China, and it is an important guarantee for my country's water security.
为解决渠道输水能力不足的问题，本发明另辟蹊径，利用明渠设计安全富余度，采用轴流泵增加水流流速的方式，增大中线工程渠道输水能力，解决渠道糙率增加后输水能力不足的问题。该项技术步骤简明、成果可靠、易于操作，是一种提高明渠长距离输水能力的有效途径。In order to solve the problem of insufficient water conveying capacity of the channel, the present invention takes a new approach, utilizes the design safety margin of the open channel, adopts the method of increasing the water flow velocity of the axial flow pump, increases the water conveying capacity of the middle line project, and solves the problem of insufficient water conveying capacity after the increase of the channel roughness. The problem. The technical steps are concise, the results are reliable, and the operation is easy, and it is an effective way to improve the long-distance water delivery capacity of open channels.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对上述所显示出来的问题，本发明提供了一种采用轴流泵增加水流流速的方法，增大渠道输水能力，解决渠道糙率增加后输水能力不足的问题。In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention provides a method for increasing the water flow velocity by using an axial flow pump, so as to increase the water conveying capacity of the channel and solve the problem of insufficient water conveying capacity after the channel roughness is increased.
为了上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：For the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
一种输水明渠水流加速方法，包括以下步骤：A method for accelerating water flow in a water conveyance open channel, comprising the following steps:
获取输水明渠的设计参数变化率；Obtain the change rate of the design parameters of the open channel;
基于所述设计参数变化率，确定输水明渠渠道的当前输水能力；determining the current water delivery capacity of the water delivery open channel channel based on the rate of change of the design parameter;
判断所述当前输水能力是否合格，若是，无需进行后续操作，否则，根据所述当前输水能力确定待增加的过流量和水头；Judging whether the current water conveying capacity is qualified, if so, no follow-up operation is required, otherwise, the overflow and water head to be increased are determined according to the current water conveying capacity;
采用一维模型分析计算出增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线。One-dimensional model analysis was used to calculate the open channel surface line of the open channel after increasing the overflow and head.
优选的，所述获取输水明渠的设计参数变化率，包括：Preferably, the obtaining of the change rate of the design parameters of the open water channel includes:
收集所述输水明渠的初始相关设计和实测资料；Collect the initial relevant design and actual measurement data of the said water conveyance open channel;
对所述初始相关设计和实测资料进行解析以确定输水明渠的初始设计流量、初始设计水位、初始渠道纵坡、初始断面形态以及初始糙率系数，将其统计为初始设计向量；Analyze the initial relevant design and measured data to determine the initial design flow, initial design water level, initial channel longitudinal slope, initial section shape and initial roughness coefficient of the open channel, and count them as the initial design vector;
根据实测资料确定输水明渠的当前设计流量、当前设计水位、当前渠道纵坡、当前断面形态以及当前糙率系数，将其统计为当前检测向量；Determine the current design flow, current design water level, current longitudinal slope, current section shape and current roughness coefficient of the open channel according to the measured data, and count them as the current detection vector;
根据所述初始设计向量与当前检测向量的比值确定输水明渠的设计参数变化率。According to the ratio of the initial design vector to the current detection vector, the change rate of the design parameters of the open channel is determined.
优选的，所述基于所述设计参数变化率，确定输水明渠渠道的当前输水能力，包括：Preferably, the determination of the current water conveyance capacity of the open water conveyance channel based on the rate of change of the design parameter includes:
利用预设水力学公式计算出输水明渠渠道在均匀流情况下的均匀水流量和在断面渠道的过水断面面积、湿周以及水力半径，获取第一计算结果；Use the preset hydraulic formula to calculate the uniform water flow of the open channel channel under the condition of uniform flow and the cross-sectional area, wet circumference and hydraulic radius of the channel in the cross-section channel, and obtain the first calculation result;
根据所述设计参数变化率评估出第一计算结果的偏差度；evaluating the degree of deviation of the first calculation result according to the design parameter change rate;
根据所述第一计算结果的偏差度结合所述第一计算结果生成输水明渠渠道在当前水流参数下的第二计算结果；According to the deviation degree of the first calculation result in combination with the first calculation result, a second calculation result of the open water channel under the current water flow parameter is generated;
根据所述第二计算结果评估出输水明渠渠道的当前输水能力。The current water conveyance capacity of the open water conveyance channel is estimated according to the second calculation result.
优选的，判断所述当前输水能力是否合格，若是，无需进行后续操作，否则，根据所述当前输水能力确定待增加的过流量和水头，包括：Preferably, it is judged whether the current water conveyance capacity is qualified, and if so, no follow-up operation is required, otherwise, the excess flow and water head to be increased are determined according to the current water conveyance capacity, including:
将所述当前输水能力与设计输水能力进行比较，获取比较结果；Comparing the current water delivery capacity with the design water delivery capacity to obtain a comparison result;
若所述比较结果为当前输水能力大于等于设计输水能力，无需进行后续操作，如所述比较结果为当前输水能力小于所述设计输水能力，确认所述当前输水能力不合格；If the comparison result is that the current water conveyance capacity is greater than or equal to the design water conveyance capacity, no subsequent operations are required, and if the comparison result is that the current water conveyance capacity is less than the design water conveyance capacity, it is confirmed that the current water conveyance capacity is unqualified;
在确认当前输水能力不合格时，计算所述设计输水能力和当前输水能力的差值；When it is confirmed that the current water conveyance capacity is unqualified, calculate the difference between the design water conveyance capacity and the current water conveyance capacity;
根据所述差值以及每个水头的最大水流量确定待增加的过流量和水头。The excess flow and head to be increased are determined from the difference and the maximum water flow for each head.
优选的，在判断所述当前输水能力是否合格，若是，无需进行后续操作，否则，根据所述当前输水能力确定待增加的过流量和水头之后，采用一维模型分析计算出增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线之前，所述方法还包括：Preferably, after judging whether the current water conveyance capacity is qualified, if yes, no follow-up operation is required; otherwise, after determining the overflow and head to be increased according to the current water conveyance capacity, a one-dimensional model is used to analyze and calculate the increased overflow rate. The method further includes:
根据所待增加的过流量和水头确定输水明渠增加水流流速的渠道间距；Determine the channel spacing of the open channel to increase the water flow velocity according to the overflow and water head to be increased;
获取所述输水明渠的断面参数，根据所述断面参数和输水明渠增加水流流速的渠道间距确定待设置轴流泵的目标类型；Obtain the section parameters of the open water channel, and determine the target type of the axial flow pump to be set according to the section parameters and the channel spacing of the open channel to increase the water flow velocity;
基于所述目标类型，获取多个该类型的轴流泵设计参数；Based on the target type, obtain a plurality of design parameters of this type of axial flow pump;
根据输水明渠增加水流流速的渠道间距和多个该类型的轴流泵设计参数选择适配的目标轴流泵并确定其数量和尺寸。According to the channel spacing of the open channel to increase the water flow velocity and a number of design parameters of this type of axial flow pump, the appropriate target axial flow pump is selected and its quantity and size are determined.
优选的，所述采用一维模型分析计算出增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线，包括：Preferably, the one-dimensional model is used to analyze and calculate the open channel water surface line of the water conveyance open channel after increasing the overflow and head, including:
调取与输水明渠相关的水文资料和时间序列文件；Retrieve hydrological data and time series files related to open channels;
获取所述输水明渠对应的边界文件、参数文件、河网文件以及断面文件；Obtain the boundary file, parameter file, river network file and section file corresponding to the open channel;
根据所述边界文件、参数文件、河网文件、断面文件、水文资料和时间序列文件生成模拟文件，基于所述模拟文件，构建所述一维模型；Generate a simulation file according to the boundary file, parameter file, river network file, section file, hydrological data and time series file, and build the one-dimensional model based on the simulation file;
利用所述一维模型模拟经由所述输水明渠的河流或河口的水流状态；using the one-dimensional model to simulate the flow state of the river or estuary through the open channel;
采用六点隐式差分格式方式计算出输水明渠在每一个网格点不同时的水位和流量；The six-point implicit difference method is used to calculate the water level and flow of the open channel at each grid point at different times;
根据输水明渠在每一个网格点不同时的水位和流量绘制增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线。Draw the open channel surface line of the open channel after adding the overflow and head according to the different water level and flow of the open channel at each grid point.
优选的，所述方法还包括：Preferably, the method further includes:
对所述输水明渠的明渠水面线进行分析，获取分析结果；Analyzing the water surface line of the open channel of the open channel to obtain the analysis result;
根据所述分析结果与目标轴流泵的数量和尺寸生成输水明渠渠道的纵剖面泵站布置示意图和横断面布置示意图；According to the analysis results and the number and size of the target axial-flow pumps, generate a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of the pump station layout and a schematic diagram of the cross-section layout of the open channel channel;
将所述纵剖面泵站布置示意图和横断面布置示意图上传至工作人员终端进行显示。Upload the schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the pump station layout and the schematic diagram of the cross-section layout to the staff terminal for display.
优选的，确定目标轴流泵的数量和尺寸的步骤包括：Preferably, the step of determining the number and size of the target axial flow pump includes:
基于所述初始相关设计，在预设空间内建立虚拟渠道模型；Based on the initial relevant design, establish a virtual channel model in a preset space;
基于所述实测资料，在所述虚拟渠道模型中建立虚拟水头，构建虚拟明渠模型；Based on the measured data, a virtual water head is established in the virtual channel model, and a virtual open channel model is constructed;
根据所述虚拟水头在所述虚拟明渠模型中的位置将所述虚拟明渠划分为若干数量的第一子渠段；dividing the virtual open channel into a number of first sub-channel segments according to the position of the virtual water head in the virtual open channel model;
运行所述虚拟明渠模型，当预设时间段内所述虚拟明渠模型中的总水流量小于标准流动量时，生成动态检测指令；Running the virtual open channel model, and generating a dynamic detection instruction when the total water flow in the virtual open channel model is less than the standard flow rate within a preset time period;
基于所述动态检测指令控制所述虚拟明渠模型运行，获取所述预设时间段内每一第一子渠段对应的第一水位线；Control the operation of the virtual open channel model based on the dynamic detection instruction, and obtain the first water level line corresponding to each first sub-canal segment within the preset time period;
基于每一第一子渠段的外形以及所述第一水位线，获取每一第一子渠段对应的第一剩余容水量，获取所述虚拟明渠模型的总剩余容水量；Based on the shape of each first sub-canal segment and the first water level line, obtain the first remaining water capacity corresponding to each first sub-canal segment, and obtain the total remaining water capacity of the virtual open channel model;
将所述总剩余容水量输入到所述虚拟明渠模型并运行，获取每一第一子渠段对应的溢出水量；Inputting the total remaining water capacity into the virtual open channel model and running it to obtain the overflow water volume corresponding to each first sub-canal segment;
根据所述溢出水量为对应的第一子渠段匹配对应尺寸的第一轴流泵，构建并运行第一虚拟检测模型；Building and running a first virtual detection model according to the amount of overflowing water that matches the first axial flow pump of the corresponding size for the corresponding first sub-canal segment;
运行所述第一虚拟检测模型，并以预设步长调节所述第一轴流泵在对应第一子段中的位置，并记录所述第一轴流泵设置所述第一子段中每一位置时对应的第一溢出水量；Running the first virtual detection model, and adjusting the position of the first axial flow pump in the corresponding first subsection with a preset step size, and recording the setting of the first axial flow pump in the first subsection The first overflow water volume corresponding to each position;
获取第一溢出水量最小时所述第一轴流泵的最佳位置，生成第一最佳结果；Obtain the best position of the first axial flow pump when the first overflow water volume is the smallest, and generate the first best result;
基于所述第一最佳结果，构建并运行第二虚拟检测模型，获取所述第二虚拟检测模型中每一第二子渠段对应的第二溢出水量，根据所述第二溢出水量为对应的第二子渠段匹配对应尺寸的第二轴流泵；Based on the first best result, construct and run a second virtual detection model, obtain the second overflow water volume corresponding to each second sub-canal section in the second virtual detection model, and according to the second overflow water volume corresponding to The second sub-channel section matches the second axial flow pump of the corresponding size;
获取所述第二轴流泵在所述第二子段中的第二最佳结果；obtaining the second best result for the second axial flow pump in the second subsection;
持续修正虚拟检测模型，直到所述修正虚拟明渠模型的总溢出水量为0，获取当前最佳结果，确定所述轴流泵的间距、数量、尺寸。The virtual detection model is continuously corrected until the total overflow water volume of the corrected virtual open channel model is 0, the current best result is obtained, and the spacing, quantity and size of the axial flow pumps are determined.
优选的，将明渠划分为若干数量的第一子渠段；基于每一第一子渠段的外形以及所述第一水位线，获取每一第一子渠段对应的第一剩余容水量的步骤包括：Preferably, the open channel is divided into a number of first sub-channel segments; based on the shape of each first sub-channel segment and the first water level line, the first remaining water capacity corresponding to each first sub-channel segment is obtained. Steps include:
基于所述第一子渠段的外形确定出所述第一子渠段对应的容量随水位的变化函数和总容量；determining the function of the change of the capacity with the water level and the total capacity corresponding to the first sub-canal segment based on the shape of the first sub-canal segment;
确定与所述第一子渠段相邻的前一第一子渠段对应的总配水量和后一第一子渠段对应的总配水量；determining the total water distribution amount corresponding to the previous first sub-canal section adjacent to the first sub-canal section and the total water distribution amount corresponding to the next first sub-canal section;
基于所述第一子渠段对应前一第一子渠段对应的总配水量以及后一第一子渠段对应的总配水量，计算出所述第一子渠段对应的渗水流失量：Based on the total water distribution corresponding to the first sub-canal section corresponding to the previous first sub-canal section and the total water distribution corresponding to the next first sub-canal section, the seepage loss corresponding to the first sub-canal section is calculated:
式中，D为所述第一子渠段对应的渗水流失量，α为所述第一子渠段对应的渗水系数，L为所述第一子渠段对应的总容量，δ为所述第一子渠段周围的土地渗水系数，β1为所述第一子渠段被地下流水冲击的渗水流失校正系数，β2为所述第一子渠段衬砌渠道渗水流失校正系数，W1为所述第一子渠段对应的前一第一子渠段对应的总配水量，W2为所述第一子渠段对应的后一第一子渠段对应的总配水量；t1为第一子渠段对应的渗水时间；t2为第一子渠段周围的土地的渗水时间；In the formula, D is the water seepage loss corresponding to the first sub-canal section, α is the water seepage coefficient corresponding to the first sub-canal section, L is the total capacity corresponding to the first sub-canal section, and δ is the Land seepage coefficient around the first sub-canal section, β 1 is the water seepage loss correction coefficient of the first sub-canal section impacted by underground water, β 2 is the seepage loss correction coefficient of the lining channel of the first sub-canal section, W 1 is the total water distribution corresponding to the previous first sub-canal section corresponding to the first sub-canal section, W 2 is the total water distribution corresponding to the next first sub-canal section corresponding to the first sub-canal section; t 1 is the water seepage time corresponding to the first sub-canal segment; t 2 is the water seepage time of the land around the first sub-canal segment;
基于所述第一子渠段对应的容量随水位的变化函数和所述渗水流失量以及所述第一水位线，计算出所述第一子渠段对应的第一剩余容水量：Based on the variation function of the capacity corresponding to the first sub-canal section with the water level, the seepage loss and the first water level line, the first remaining water capacity corresponding to the first sub-canal section is calculated:
Drest＝D′(h)-DD rest = D'(h)-D
式中，Drest为所述第一子渠段对应的第一剩余容水量，D′(h)即为基于所述第一水位线和容量随水位的变化函数确定出的初始剩余容水量，h为第一水位线。In the formula, D rest is the first remaining water capacity corresponding to the first sub-canal section, D′(h) is the initial remaining water capacity determined based on the first water level line and the function of the change of capacity with water level, h is the first water level.
一种输水明渠水流加速系统，该系统包括：A water flow acceleration system for a water conveyance open channel, the system includes:
获取模块，用于获取输水明渠的设计参数变化率；The acquisition module is used to acquire the change rate of the design parameters of the open channel;
确定模块，用于基于所述设计参数变化率，确定输水明渠渠道的当前输水能力；a determination module, used for determining the current water conveyance capacity of the water conveyance open channel channel based on the change rate of the design parameter;
判断模块，用于判断所述当前输水能力是否合格，若是，无需进行后续操作，否则，根据所述当前输水能力确定待增加的过流量和水头；a judging module, configured to judge whether the current water delivery capacity is qualified, if so, no follow-up operation is required, otherwise, the excess flow and water head to be increased are determined according to the current water delivery capacity;
计算模块，用于采用一维模型分析计算出增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线。The calculation module is used to analyze and calculate the surface line of the open channel of the open channel after increasing the overflow and head by using a one-dimensional model.
优选的，所述系统还包括：检测模块，将明渠分成若干数量的第二子渠段，每一子渠段均设置一检测模块，所述检测模块用于获取其所在的第二子渠段的实际明渠信息，所述实际明渠信息包括：实际明渠水量信息、实际明渠水质信息、实际明渠环境信息；所述实际明渠水量信息包括：实际明渠水含量信息、实际水位信息、实际明渠水流量信息和实际明渠水流速信息；所述实际明渠环境信息包括：实际第二子渠段障碍物信息、实际第二子渠段边界信息；Preferably, the system further includes: a detection module, which divides the open channel into a number of second sub-channel sections, each sub-channel section is provided with a detection module, and the detection module is used to obtain the second sub-channel section where it is located The actual open channel information includes: actual open channel water volume information, actual open channel water quality information, and actual open channel environmental information; the actual open channel water volume information includes: actual open channel water content information, actual water level information, and actual open channel water flow information and the actual open channel water velocity information; the actual open channel environment information includes: the actual second sub-channel segment obstacle information, the actual second sub-channel segment boundary information;
处理模块，与所述检测模块电连接，用于获取检测模块的明渠位置信息及对应的所述明渠信息；用于根据所述实际明渠环境信息、及预设明渠环境评估规则确定明渠实际取水难度等级；用于根据所述实际明渠水质信息及预设明渠水质评估规则确定明渠水质等级；用于根据所述实际明渠水量信息、明渠实际取水难度等级、明渠水质等级以及预设取水方案集确定目标取水方案，所述目标取水方案包括；对第二子渠段的取水前处理方案，以及取水轴流泵在第二子渠段的布置位置；The processing module is electrically connected to the detection module, and is used to obtain the open channel position information of the detection module and the corresponding open channel information; and is used to determine the actual water intake difficulty of the open channel according to the actual open channel environmental information and preset open channel environmental assessment rules grade; used to determine the water quality grade of the open channel according to the actual open channel water quality information and the preset open channel water quality assessment rules; used to determine the target according to the actual open channel water quantity information, the actual water intake difficulty level of the open channel, the open channel water quality grade and the preset water intake scheme set A water intake plan, the target water intake plan includes: a pre-treatment plan for water intake in the second sub-canal section, and the arrangement position of the water intake axial-flow pump in the second sub-canal section;
预测模块，用于根据前一检测时间段的实际明渠水含量信息、当前检测时间段的实际明渠水含量信息、明渠位置信息以及实际明渠环境信息，预测下一检测时间段的预测明渠水含量信息；The prediction module is used to predict the predicted open channel water content information in the next detection time period according to the actual open channel water content information in the previous detection time period, the actual open channel water content information in the current detection time period, the open channel location information and the actual open channel environment information ;
气候信息获取模块，用于获取明渠的所处环境的气候信息，所述气候信息包括：环境风速、环境温度；The climate information acquisition module is used to acquire the climate information of the environment where the open channel is located, and the climate information includes: ambient wind speed and ambient temperature;
修正模块，用于基于所述气候信息获取模块对所述下一检测时间段的预测明渠水含量信息进行修正。A correction module, configured to correct the predicted open channel water content information in the next detection time period based on the climate information acquisition module.
方案确定模块，基于所述目标取水方案、当前检测时间段的实际明渠水含量信息、修正后的下一检测时间段的预测明渠水含量信息确定取水轴流泵的布置方案以及轴流泵的工作参数。Scheme determination module, based on the target water intake scheme, the actual open channel water content information in the current detection period, and the corrected predicted open channel water content information in the next detection period to determine the layout scheme of the axial flow pump for water intake and the operation of the axial flow pump parameter.
本发明的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。本发明的目的和其他优点可通过在所写的说明书以及附图中所特别指出的结构来实现和获得。Other features and advantages of the present invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and drawings.
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described in detail below through the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
附图说明Description of drawings
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分，与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中：The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and constitute a part of the specification, and are used to explain the present invention together with the embodiments of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the present invention. In the attached image:
图1为本发明提供的一种输水明渠水流加速方法的工作流程图；Fig. 1 is the working flow chart of a kind of water flow acceleration method of water conveyance open channel provided by the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例中输水明渠典型横断面示意图；Fig. 2 is a typical cross-sectional schematic diagram of a water conveyance open channel in an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明提供的一种输水明渠水流加速方法的另一工作流程图；Fig. 3 is another work flow chart of a kind of water flow acceleration method of open water channel provided by the present invention;
图4为本发明提供的一种输水明渠水流加速方法的又一工作流程图；Fig. 4 is another working flow chart of a water flow acceleration method of a water conveyance open channel provided by the present invention;
图5为本发明实施例中明渠水位计算示意图；5 is a schematic diagram of the calculation of the water level of an open channel in an embodiment of the present invention;
图6为本发明实施例中一维水动力模型计算时水位点和流量点交替布置示意图；6 is a schematic diagram of the alternate arrangement of water level points and flow points during the calculation of the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the embodiment of the present invention;
图7为本发明实施例中一维水动力模型通过Abbott-Ionescu六点隐式格式求解圣维南方程组过程示意图；7 is a schematic diagram of the process of solving the Saint-Venant equations by a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model through the Abbott-Ionescu six-point implicit format in the embodiment of the present invention;
图8为本发明实施例中一维水动力模型建模流程图；8 is a flow chart of modeling a one-dimensional hydrodynamic model in an embodiment of the present invention;
图9为本发明实施例中一维水动力模型计算得到的渠道水面线图；Fig. 9 is the canal water surface line diagram calculated by the one-dimensional hydrodynamic model in the embodiment of the present invention;
图10为本发明实施例中渠道轴流泵纵剖面布置示意图；10 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section layout of the channel axial flow pump in the embodiment of the present invention;
图11为本发明实施例中渠道轴流泵横断面布置示意图；11 is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional layout of the channel axial flow pump in the embodiment of the present invention;
图12为本发明提供的一种输水明渠水流加速系统的结构示意图；12 is a schematic structural diagram of a water flow acceleration system for a water conveyance open channel provided by the present invention;
图13为泵的型号组成图。Figure 13 is a model composition diagram of the pump.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。The preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
另外，在本发明中如涉及“第一”、“第二”等的描述仅用于描述目的，并非特别指称次序或顺位的意思，亦非用以限定本发明，其仅仅是为了区别以相同技术用语描述的组件或操作而已，而不能理解为指示或暗示其相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。另外，各个实施例之间的技术方案以及技术特征可以相互结合，但是必须是以本领域普通技术人员能够实现为基础，当技术方案的结合出现相互矛盾或无法实现时应当认为这种技术方案的结合不存在，也不在本发明要求的保护范围之内。In addition, descriptions such as “first”, “second”, etc. in the present invention are only for the purpose of description, and do not refer to the meaning of order or sequence, nor are they used to limit the present invention. The components or operations are described by the same technical terms, and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implying the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature delimited with "first", "second" may expressly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In addition, the technical solutions and technical features of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be based on the realization by those of ordinary skill in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be realized, it should be considered that such technical solutions The combination does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.
我国水资源空间分布极不均衡，南方水多，北方水少，资源性缺水成为制约我国尤其是北方地区经济社会发展的重要因素。据统计我国669座城市中有 400座供水不足，110座严重缺水。长距离输水工程是解决我国水资源空间分布不均，资源性缺水的重要水资源优化配置工程措施，是我国水安全的重要保障。The spatial distribution of water resources in my country is extremely uneven, with more water in the south and less water in the north, and resource water shortage has become an important factor restricting the economic and social development of my country, especially the northern region. According to statistics, 400 of my country's 669 cities have insufficient water supply, and 110 are seriously short of water. The long-distance water delivery project is an important engineering measure for the optimal allocation of water resources to solve the uneven spatial distribution of water resources and resource-based water shortage in China, and it is an important guarantee for my country's water security.
为了解决上述问题，本实施例公开了一种输水明渠水流加速方法。In order to solve the above problem, the present embodiment discloses a water flow acceleration method in a water conveyance open channel.
一种输水明渠水流加速方法，如图1所示，包括以下步骤：A method for accelerating water flow in an open channel for water conveyance, as shown in Figure 1, includes the following steps:
步骤S101、获取输水明渠的设计参数变化率；Step S101, obtaining the design parameter change rate of the water conveyance open channel;
步骤S102、基于所述设计参数变化率，确定输水明渠渠道的当前输水能力；Step S102, determining the current water delivery capacity of the water delivery open channel channel based on the design parameter change rate;
步骤S103、判断所述当前输水能力是否合格，若是，无需进行后续操作，否则，根据所述当前输水能力确定待增加的过流量和水头；Step S103, judging whether the current water conveying capacity is qualified, if so, no follow-up operation is required, otherwise, the overflow and head to be increased are determined according to the current water conveying capacity;
步骤S104、采用一维模型分析计算出增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线。Step S104 , using a one-dimensional model to analyze and calculate the surface line of the open channel of the open channel after adding the overflow and the water head.
上述技术方案的工作原理为：获取输水明渠的设计参数变化率，基于所述设计参数变化率，确定输水明渠渠道的当前输水能力，判断所述当前输水能力是否合格，若是，无需进行后续操作，否则，根据所述当前输水能力确定待增加的过流量和水头，采用一维模型分析计算出增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线。The working principle of the above technical solution is as follows: obtaining the design parameter change rate of the open water channel, determining the current water conveyance capacity of the open channel channel based on the design parameter change rate, and judging whether the current water conveyance capacity is qualified, if so, no need. Follow-up operations are performed, otherwise, the overflow and water head to be increased are determined according to the current water conveying capacity, and a one-dimensional model is used to analyze and calculate the open channel water surface line of the water conveyance open channel after the overflow and head are increased.
上述技术方案的有益效果为：通过评估输水明渠的当前水输水能力进而根据其确定待增加的过流量和水头进而设置轴流泵增加水流流速来直观地提高输水明渠的运输水能力，提高了整体的工程工作效率和工作人员的体验感，解决了现有工程中由于渠道混凝土表面附着贝壳类生物等原因，工程糙率由原设计糙率0.014上升到了0.017，使得渠道输水能力大幅下降，影响了工程效益发挥的问题。The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are: by evaluating the current water conveying capacity of the water conveying open channel and then determining the overflow and water head to be increased according to it, and then setting an axial flow pump to increase the water flow velocity to intuitively improve the water conveying capacity of the open water conveying channel, It improves the overall engineering work efficiency and the experience of the staff, and solves the problem of the existing project due to the adhesion of shellfish on the surface of the channel concrete. The roughness of the project has increased from 0.014 to 0.017 in the original design. Decrease, which affects the problem of project benefit.
在一个实施例中，所述获取输水明渠的设计参数变化率，包括：In one embodiment, the obtaining the change rate of the design parameters of the open channel includes:
收集所述输水明渠的初始相关设计参数；collecting the initial relevant design parameters of the open channel;
对所述初始相关设计和实测资料进行解析以确定输水明渠的初始设计流量、初始设计水位、初始渠道纵坡、初始断面形态以及初始糙率系数，将其统计为初始设计向量；Analyze the initial relevant design and measured data to determine the initial design flow, initial design water level, initial channel longitudinal slope, initial section shape and initial roughness coefficient of the open channel, and count them as the initial design vector;
对所述输水明渠进行数据实测，根据实测结果确定输水明渠的当前设计流量、当前设计水位、当前渠道纵坡、当前断面形态以及当前糙率系数，将其统计为当前检测向量；Carry out data measurement on the open water channel, determine the current design flow, current design water level, current longitudinal slope of the channel, current section shape and current roughness coefficient of the open channel according to the actual measurement results, and count them as the current detection vector;
根据所述初始设计向量与当前检测向量的比值确定输水明渠的设计参数变化率；According to the ratio of the initial design vector and the current detection vector, determine the change rate of the design parameters of the open channel;
渠道典型断面图如图2所示。A typical cross-sectional view of the channel is shown in Figure 2.
上述技术方案的有益效果为：通过根据实际设计参数和预设设计参数的比值来确定输水明渠的设计参数变化率可以更加直观和客观地确定输水明渠的设计参数变化率，保证评估结果的实际性和准确性。The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are as follows: by determining the change rate of the design parameters of the open water channel according to the ratio of the actual design parameters and the preset design parameters, the change rate of the design parameters of the open channel can be determined more intuitively and objectively, so as to ensure the accuracy of the evaluation results. practicality and accuracy.
在一个实施例中，如图3所示，所述基于所述设计参数变化率，确定输水明渠渠道的当前输水能力，包括：In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the determination of the current water conveyance capacity of the water conveyance open channel based on the change rate of the design parameters includes:
步骤S301、利用预设水力学公式计算出输水明渠渠道在均匀流情况下的均匀水流量和在断面渠道的过水断面面积、湿周以及水力半径，获取第一计算结果；Step S301, using a preset hydraulic formula to calculate the uniform water flow of the open channel channel under the condition of uniform flow and the cross-sectional area, wet circumference and hydraulic radius of the water channel in the cross-section channel, and obtain the first calculation result;
步骤S302、根据所述设计参数变化率评估出第一计算结果的偏差度；Step S302, evaluating the degree of deviation of the first calculation result according to the design parameter change rate;
步骤S303、根据所述第一计算结果的偏差度结合所述第一计算结果生成输水明渠渠道在当前水流参数下的第二计算结果；Step S303, generating the second calculation result of the open water channel under the current water flow parameters according to the degree of deviation of the first calculation result in combination with the first calculation result;
步骤S304、根据所述第二计算结果评估出输水明渠渠道的当前输水能力；在本实施例中，按明渠均匀流考虑，其流量表达式为：Step S304, evaluating the current water conveying capacity of the open channel channel according to the second calculation result; in this embodiment, considering the uniform flow of the open channel, the flow expression is:
Q＝VA (2-1)Q=VA (2-1)
根据明渠均匀流的性质和特性可知，明渠恒定均匀流的总水头线、水面线和渠底线互相平行，即According to the properties and characteristics of the uniform flow in the open channel, the total head line, the surface line and the bottom line of the constant uniform flow in the open channel are parallel to each other, that is,
J＝水面线坡度Jp＝i (2-2)J = water surface line slope J p = i (2-2)
明渠水力计算中流速与水头损失的关系式多用谢才公式，即
明渠流动多处于阻力平方区，此时可以用曼宁公式计算谢才系数C，即The flow in the open channel is mostly in the resistance square area. At this time, the Manning formula can be used to calculate the Xiecai coefficient C, that is
将曼宁公式带入谢才公式便可得到Putting Manning's formula into Xie Cai's formula can get
综上，得到明渠恒定均匀流的流量表达式为To sum up, the flow expression of the constant uniform flow in the open channel is obtained as
对于对称的梯形断面渠道，过水断面面积For a channel with a symmetrical trapezoidal cross-section, the cross-sectional area of
A＝(b+mh)h (2-7)A=(b+mh)h (2-7)
湿周wet week
水力半径hydraulic radius
根据上述水力学公式对渠道的现状输水能力进行复核，采用典型断面进行计算，现状糙率采用0.017，计算得到河道设计水深7m条件下的过流能力为 286m3/s，相较于设计流量320m3/s降低了11％。(按设计糙率0.015计算得到的设计水深7m条件下过流能力为324.6m3/s)。According to the above hydraulic formula, the current water conveying capacity of the channel is reviewed, and the typical section is used for calculation. The current roughness is 0.017. The calculated flow capacity of the channel under the design water depth of 7m is 286m 3 /s. Compared with the design flow 320m3/s is 11 % lower. (The flow capacity under the design water depth of 7m calculated by the design roughness of 0.015 is 324.6m 3 /s).
上述技术方案的有益效果为：通过利用水力学公式来计算出输水明渠的当前输水参数进而评估出其输水能力，可根据输水明渠的当前输水实时状况来评估出其当前输水能力，使得评估结果更加客观和无误差。The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are: by using the hydraulic formula to calculate the current water delivery parameters of the water delivery open channel and then evaluate its water delivery capacity, the current water delivery can be evaluated according to the current water delivery real-time status of the water delivery open channel. ability to make the evaluation results more objective and error-free.
在一个实施例中，如图4所示，判断所述当前输水能力是否合格，若是，无需进行后续操作，否则，根据所述当前输水能力确定待增加的过流量和水头，包括：In one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4 , it is judged whether the current water conveyance capacity is qualified, if so, no follow-up operation is required, otherwise, the excess flow and head to be increased are determined according to the current water conveyance capacity, including:
步骤S401、将所述当前输水能力与设计输水能力进行比较，获取比较结果；Step S401, comparing the current water conveying capacity with the designed water conveying capacity, and obtaining a comparison result;
步骤S402、若所述比较结果为当前输水能力大于等于设计输水能力，无需进行后续操作，如所述比较结果为当前输水能力小于所述设计输水能力，确认所述当前输水能力不合格；Step S402, if the comparison result is that the current water conveyance capacity is greater than or equal to the design water conveyance capacity, no subsequent operations are required, and if the comparison result is that the current water conveyance capacity is less than the design water conveyance capacity, confirm the current water conveyance capacity unqualified;
步骤S403、在确认当前输水能力不合格时，计算所述设计输水能力和当前输水能力的差值；Step S403, when it is confirmed that the current water conveyance capacity is unqualified, calculate the difference between the design water conveyance capacity and the current water conveyance capacity;
步骤S404、根据所述差值以及每个水头的最大水流量确定待增加的过流量和水头；Step S404, determining the excess flow and water head to be increased according to the difference and the maximum water flow of each water head;
在本实施例中，已知流量Q、底坡i、糙率n和断面形状及有关尺寸，求正常水深h0.In this embodiment, given the flow rate Q, the bottom slope i, the roughness n, the section shape and related dimensions, the normal water depth h 0 .
由上述水力学公式得From the above hydraulic formula, we get
则可以求解出正常水深，这是一个非线性方程的求解问题，可以用试算法、迭代法、二分法等方法求解。本实施例中采用试算法求解梯形渠道断面正常水深，即假设一系列水深值h′，计算出相应的流量Q′,满足Q′＝Q的h′即为正常水深。Then the normal water depth can be solved, which is a nonlinear equation solving problem, which can be solved by methods such as trial method, iterative method, and dichotomy method. In this embodiment, a trial algorithm is used to solve the normal water depth of the trapezoidal channel section, that is, assuming a series of water depth values h', the corresponding flow rate Q' is calculated, and h' satisfying Q'=Q is the normal water depth.
通过试算得到，现状河道设计流量320m3/s所对应的河道水深为7.50m，断面平均流速为1.10m/s。若将流量增加30％，则可增加最大输水流量至370m3/s。此时不能按照明渠恒定均匀流考虑，而明渠恒定非均匀流的水深h＝h(s)，过水断面面积A＝A(h,s)和断面平均流速v＝v(h,s)沿流程变化，此时水力坡度 J≠底坡i，不能用式(2-6)计算水深和流量等，而必须采用能量方程。Through trial calculation, it is obtained that the river depth corresponding to the current design flow of 320m 3 /s is 7.50m, and the average flow velocity of the section is 1.10m/s. If the flow is increased by 30%, the maximum water flow can be increased to 370m 3 /s. At this time, it cannot be considered according to the constant and uniform flow of the open channel, and the water depth of the constant non-uniform flow of the open channel h=h(s), the cross-sectional area A=A(h,s) and the average flow velocity of the cross-section v=v(h,s) along the When the flow changes, the hydraulic gradient J≠ the bottom slope i, the water depth and flow cannot be calculated by formula (2-6), but the energy equation must be used.
根据能量方程According to the energy equation
式中：zi、zi+1为上、下游断面水位(m)；In the formula: zi and zi +1 are the water levels of the upstream and downstream sections (m);
vi、vi+1为上、下游断面平均流速(m/s)；v i , v i+1 are the average flow velocity of the upstream and downstream sections (m/s);
hw为沿程水头损失。h w is the head loss along the way.
该方程可用于分析、计算明渠水位z的沿程变化，水位计算结果如图4所示；This equation can be used to analyze and calculate the variation of the water level z along the open channel, and the calculation result of the water level is shown in Figure 4;
z＝zb+h cosθ (3-3)z=z b +h cosθ (3-3)
得have to
从总水头中减去渠底高程，便得到断面比能Es，即Subtract the canal bottom elevation from the total water head to obtain the section specific energy E s , namely
得到断面比能形式的明渠恒定流动的能量方程Obtain the energy equation of constant flow in open channel in the form of cross-section specific energy
上下游断面间距为ds，不计局部损失，则The distance between upstream and downstream sections is ds, excluding local losses, then
hw＝Jds (3-9)h w = Jds (3-9)
得到明渠恒定渐变流的基本微分方程式Obtain the basic differential equation for constant gradient flow in an open channel
通过试算，当增加流量至370m3/s时，下游断面平均流速增加至1.29m/s 时，增加水头大小为0.238m，增加断面比能为0.038m，可补充长度为5km的明渠输水的沿程水头损失，即为提高渠道输水能力，需要通过设泵来增加水流流速的渠道间距为5km。Through trial calculation, when the flow rate is increased to 370m 3 /s, and the average flow velocity of the downstream section is increased to 1.29m/s, the increased water head size is 0.238m, and the specific energy of the increased section is 0.038m, which can supplement the water conveyance of an open channel with a length of 5km. The water head loss along the way is 5km, that is, in order to improve the water conveying capacity of the channel, it is necessary to set up a pump to increase the water flow velocity.
上述技术方案的有益效果为：通过根据所述差值以及每个水头的最大水流量确定待增加的过流量和水头可以精准地评估出输水明渠的损失水流量进而快速地确定待增加的过流量和水头，提高了实用性。The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are: by determining the overflow and the head to be increased according to the difference and the maximum water flow of each head, the lost water flow of the open channel can be accurately evaluated and the overflow to be increased can be quickly determined. Flow and head, improve practicality.
在一个实施例中，判断所述当前输水能力是否合格，若是，无需进行后续操作，否则，根据所述当前输水能力确定待增加的过流量和水头之后，采用一维模型分析计算出增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线之前，所述方法还包括：In one embodiment, it is judged whether the current water conveyance capacity is qualified, if so, no follow-up operation is required; otherwise, after determining the overflow and water head to be increased according to the current water conveyance capacity, a one-dimensional model is used to analyze and calculate the increase The method further includes:
根据所待增加的过流量和水头确定输水明渠增加水流流速的渠道间距；Determine the channel spacing of the open channel to increase the water flow velocity according to the overflow and water head to be increased;
获取所述输水明渠的断面参数，根据所述断面参数和输水明渠增加水流流速的渠道间距确定待设置轴流泵的目标类型；Obtain the section parameters of the open water channel, and determine the target type of the axial flow pump to be set according to the section parameters and the channel spacing of the open channel to increase the water flow velocity;
基于所述目标类型，获取多个该类型的轴流泵设计参数；Based on the target type, obtain a plurality of design parameters of this type of axial flow pump;
根据输水明渠增加水流流速的渠道间距和多个该类型的轴流泵设计参数选择适配的目标轴流泵并确定其数量和尺寸；According to the channel spacing of the open channel to increase the water flow velocity and multiple design parameters of this type of axial flow pump, select the suitable target axial flow pump and determine its number and size;
在本实施例中，采用轴流泵实现明渠渠道输水水流加速的目的，依据《中小型轴流泵型式与基本参数》(GB/T 9481-2006)中的规定对轴流泵的型式、型号和基本参数进行比选；In this embodiment, the axial flow pump is used to achieve the purpose of accelerating the water flow in the open channel channel. Model and basic parameters for comparison;
规范中，泵的型号由汉语拼音大写字母和阿拉伯数字等组成，具体含义如说明书附图13；In the specification, the model of the pump consists of Chinese pinyin capital letters and Arabic numerals, and the specific meaning is shown in Figure 13 in the description;
根据规范中轴流泵的型号与基本参数，初步选取以下四种泵型作为备选方案：According to the model and basic parameters of the axial flow pump in the specification, the following four pump types are initially selected as alternatives:
表4-1备选轴流泵型号与基本参数Table 4-1 Alternative axial flow pump models and basic parameters
本发明实施例中现状渠道过流能力为286m3/s，通过水流加速，可增加过流量至370m3/s，即需要轴流泵流量为84m3/s。1号和2号泵型设计流量为1.445m3/s，若补充流量84m3/s，则需布置轴流泵约58台，3号和4号泵型流量为2.957m3/s，若补充流量84m3/s，则需布置轴流泵约29台。考虑到3、4号泵型的流量约为 1、2号泵型流量的2倍，而轴功率则为其1.5倍，且3、4号泵型的效率为85.8％，相对1、2号泵型效率也较高，因此从经济角度来看，3、4号泵型更为合适。此外，轴流泵数目越多，对渠道水流流态的影响越大，应尽可能减少渠道中轴流泵布置的数目；In the embodiment of the present invention, the current flow capacity of the channel is 286 m 3 /s, and the flow can be increased to 370 m 3 /s through the acceleration of the water flow, that is, the required axial flow pump flow is 84 m 3 /s. The design flow of No. 1 and No. 2 pumps is 1.445m 3 /s. If the supplementary flow is 84m 3 /s, about 58 axial flow pumps need to be arranged. The flow of No. 3 and No. 4 pumps is 2.957m 3 /s. If If the supplemental flow is 84m 3 /s, about 29 axial flow pumps need to be arranged. Considering that the flow rate of No. 3 and No. 4 pumps is about 2 times that of No. 1 and No. 2 pumps, and the shaft power is 1.5 times, and the efficiency of No. 3 and No. 4 pumps is 85.8%, compared with No. 1 and No. 2 The pump type is also more efficient, so from an economical point of view, the 3rd and 4th pump types are more suitable. In addition, the greater the number of axial-flow pumps, the greater the impact on the water flow state of the channel, and the number of axial-flow pumps arranged in the channel should be reduced as much as possible;
3号和4号泵型的基本参数完全一致，区别在于3号泵型为立式轴流泵，4 号泵型为卧式轴流泵。考虑到立式轴流泵在水中的阻水面积相较卧式轴流泵大，且出水方向与水流方向夹角也较大，因此选择4号泵型作为本发明实例中轴流泵的泵型。The basic parameters of the No. 3 and No. 4 pumps are exactly the same. The difference is that the No. 3 pump is a vertical axial flow pump, and the No. 4 pump is a horizontal axial flow pump. Considering that the water blocking area of the vertical axial flow pump in water is larger than that of the horizontal axial flow pump, and the angle between the water outlet direction and the water flow direction is also larger, the No. 4 pump type is selected as the pump of the axial flow pump in the example of the present invention. type.
上述技术方案的有益效果为：通过选择适配的目标轴流泵并确定其数量和尺寸可以根据输水明渠的实际输水情况来选择最合适的轴流泵，提高了输水效率的同时最大化了轴流泵的工作效率。The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are: by selecting the suitable target axial flow pump and determining its quantity and size, the most suitable axial flow pump can be selected according to the actual water delivery situation of the water delivery open channel, which improves the water delivery efficiency and maximizes the water delivery efficiency. Improve the working efficiency of the axial flow pump.
在一个实施例中，所述采用一维模型分析计算出增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线，包括：In one embodiment, the one-dimensional model is used to analyze and calculate the open channel water surface line of the open channel after increasing the overflow and water head, including:
调取与输水明渠相关的水文资料和时间序列文件；Retrieve hydrological data and time series files related to open channels;
获取所述输水明渠对应的边界文件、参数文件、河网文件以及断面文件；Obtain the boundary file, parameter file, river network file and section file corresponding to the open channel;
根据所述边界文件、参数文件、河网文件、断面文件、水文资料和时间序列文件生成模拟文件，基于所述模拟文件，构建所述一维模型；Generate a simulation file according to the boundary file, parameter file, river network file, section file, hydrological data and time series file, and build the one-dimensional model based on the simulation file;
利用所述一维模型模拟经由所述输水明渠的河流或河口的水流状态；using the one-dimensional model to simulate the flow state of the river or estuary through the open channel;
采用六点隐式差分格式方式计算出输水明渠在每一个网格点不同时的水位和流量；The six-point implicit difference method is used to calculate the water level and flow of the open channel at each grid point at different times;
根据输水明渠在每一个网格点不同时的水位和流量绘制增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线；Draw the open channel water surface line of the open channel after increasing the overflow and water head according to the water level and flow of the open channel at each grid point at different times;
在本实施例中，MIKE 11HD是基于垂向积分的物质和动量守恒方程，即一维非恒定流圣维南(Saint-Venant)方程组来模拟河流或河口的水流状态。其方程组的具体形式如下：In this embodiment, MIKE 11HD simulates the flow state of a river or an estuary based on the vertically integrated material and momentum conservation equations, namely the one-dimensional non-steady flow Saint-Venant equations. The specific form of its equation system is as follows:
式中：x,t分别为空间坐标和时间坐标；Q,h分别为断面流量和水位；A,R 分别为断面过流面积和水力半径；Bs为河宽；q为旁侧入流量；C为谢才系数； g为重力加速度；α为垂向速度分布系数，即
离散方法：Discrete method:
MIKE 11HD采用Abbott-Ionescu六点隐式差分格式求解。该格式在每一个网格点不同时计算水位和流量，而是按顺序交替计算水位或流量，分别称为 h点和Q点，如图6所示；MIKE 11HD is solved using the Abbott-Ionescu six-point implicit difference scheme. This format does not calculate the water level and flow at each grid point at the same time, but alternately calculates the water level or flow in sequence, called point h and point Q, respectively, as shown in Figure 6;
在连续性方程中，Q仅对x求偏导，以水位点h为中心，而动量方程则以流量点Q为中心，如图7所示；In the continuity equation, Q is only partial derivative with respect to x, centered on the water level point h, while the momentum equation is centered on the flow point Q, as shown in Figure 7;
连续性方程离散后的形式如下：The discrete form of the continuity equation is as follows:
动量方程离散后的形式如下：The discrete form of the momentum equation is as follows:
离散后的线形方程组用追赶法求解。The discretized system of linear equations is solved by the chase method.
Mike 11HD的建模流程如图8所示，水面线计算结果如图9所示。The modeling process of Mike 11HD is shown in Figure 8, and the calculation result of the water surface line is shown in Figure 9.
上述技术方案的有益效果为：可根据水位和流量精准地绘制出输水明渠的明渠水面线进而直观地评估出增加了轴流泵后的输水效果，为后续工作人员进行决策提供了基础。The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are: according to the water level and flow rate, the open channel water surface line of the open channel can be accurately drawn, and then the water conveyance effect after adding the axial flow pump can be intuitively evaluated, which provides a basis for subsequent staff to make decisions.
在一个实施例中，所述方法还包括：In one embodiment, the method further includes:
对所述输水明渠的明渠水面线进行分析，获取分析结果；Analyzing the water surface line of the open channel of the open channel to obtain the analysis result;
根据所述分析结果与目标轴流泵的数量和尺寸生成输水明渠渠道的纵剖面泵站布置示意图和横断面布置示意图；According to the analysis results and the number and size of the target axial-flow pumps, generate a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section of the pump station layout and a schematic diagram of the cross-section layout of the open channel channel;
将所述纵剖面泵站布置示意图和横断面布置示意图上传至工作人员终端进行显示；Upload the schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the pump station layout and the schematic diagram of the cross-section layout to the staff terminal for display;
在本实施例中，通过对上述计算结果进行分析，渠段应每隔5km设泵加速，每个断面布置29台直径约1m的轴流泵，型号为1000ZWQ-5.7。渠道纵剖面泵站布置示意图如图10所示，横断面布置示意图如图11所示。In this example, by analyzing the above calculation results, pumps should be set up every 5km for acceleration in the channel section, and 29 axial-flow pumps with a diameter of about 1m are arranged in each section, and the model is 1000ZWQ-5.7. The schematic diagram of the pump station layout in the longitudinal section of the channel is shown in Figure 10, and the schematic diagram of the cross-section layout is shown in Figure 11.
上述技术方案的有益效果为：通过生成输水明渠渠道的纵剖面泵站布置示意图和横断面布置示意图可以使得工作人员为轴流泵的安置提供参考基础，提高了工作效率。The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are: by generating the schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the pump station layout and the schematic diagram of the transverse section of the open water channel, the staff can provide a reference basis for the placement of the axial flow pump, and the work efficiency is improved.
在一个实施例中，确定目标轴流泵的数量和尺寸的步骤包括：In one embodiment, the step of determining the number and size of target axial flow pumps includes:
基于所述初始相关设计，在预设空间内建立虚拟渠道模型；Based on the initial relevant design, establish a virtual channel model in a preset space;
基于所述实测资料，在所述虚拟渠道模型中建立虚拟水头，构建虚拟明渠模型；Based on the measured data, a virtual water head is established in the virtual channel model, and a virtual open channel model is constructed;
根据所述虚拟水头在所述虚拟明渠模型中的位置将所述虚拟明渠划分为若干数量的第一子渠段；dividing the virtual open channel into a number of first sub-channel segments according to the position of the virtual water head in the virtual open channel model;
运行所述虚拟明渠模型，当预设时间段内所述虚拟明渠模型中的总水流量小于标准流动量时，生成动态检测指令；Running the virtual open channel model, and generating a dynamic detection instruction when the total water flow in the virtual open channel model is less than the standard flow rate within a preset time period;
基于所述动态检测指令控制所述虚拟明渠模型运行，获取所述预设时间段内每一第一子渠段对应的第一水位线；Control the operation of the virtual open channel model based on the dynamic detection instruction, and obtain the first water level line corresponding to each first sub-canal segment within the preset time period;
基于每一第一子渠段的外形以及所述第一水位线，获取每一第一子渠段对应的第一剩余容水量，获取所述虚拟明渠模型的总剩余容水量；Based on the shape of each first sub-canal segment and the first water level line, obtain the first remaining water capacity corresponding to each first sub-canal segment, and obtain the total remaining water capacity of the virtual open channel model;
将所述总剩余容水量输入到所述虚拟明渠模型并运行，获取每一第一子渠段对应的溢出水量；Inputting the total remaining water capacity into the virtual open channel model and running it to obtain the overflow water volume corresponding to each first sub-canal segment;
根据所述溢出水量为对应的第一子渠段匹配对应尺寸的第一轴流泵，构建并运行第一虚拟检测模型；Building and running a first virtual detection model according to the amount of overflowing water that matches the first axial flow pump of the corresponding size for the corresponding first sub-canal segment;
运行所述第一虚拟检测模型，并以预设步长调节所述第一轴流泵在对应第一子段中的位置，并记录所述第一轴流泵设置所述第一子段中每一位置时对应的第一溢出水量；Running the first virtual detection model, and adjusting the position of the first axial flow pump in the corresponding first subsection with a preset step size, and recording the setting of the first axial flow pump in the first subsection The first overflow water volume corresponding to each position;
获取第一溢出水量最小时所述第一轴流泵的最佳位置，生成第一最佳结果；Obtain the best position of the first axial flow pump when the first overflow water volume is the smallest, and generate the first best result;
基于所述第一最佳结果，构建并运行第二虚拟检测模型，获取所述第二虚拟检测模型中每一第二子渠段对应的第二溢出水量，根据所述第二溢出水量为对应的第二子渠段匹配对应尺寸的第二轴流泵；Based on the first best result, construct and run a second virtual detection model, obtain the second overflow water volume corresponding to each second sub-canal section in the second virtual detection model, and according to the second overflow water volume corresponding to The second sub-channel section matches the second axial flow pump of the corresponding size;
获取所述第二轴流泵在所述第二子段中的第二最佳结果；obtaining the second best result for the second axial flow pump in the second subsection;
持续修正虚拟检测模型，直到所述修正虚拟明渠模型的总溢出水量为0，获取当前最佳结果，确定所述轴流泵的间距、数量、尺寸；Continue to correct the virtual detection model until the total overflow water volume of the corrected virtual open channel model is 0, obtain the current best result, and determine the spacing, quantity and size of the axial flow pump;
该实例中，相关设计表示输水明渠的外形设计；In this example, the relevant design represents the shape design of the open channel;
该实例中，实测资料表示有关人员实际测量输水明渠的到的数据；In this example, the measured data represents the data obtained by the relevant personnel who actually measured the water conveyance open channel;
该实例中，虚拟明渠模型表示根据相关设计和实测资料将实际明渠等比例缩小，在到虚拟空间建立的与实际明渠具有相同功能和性质的虚拟物；In this example, the virtual open channel model means that the actual open channel is scaled down according to the relevant design and measured data, and a virtual object with the same function and properties as the actual open channel is established in the virtual space;
该实例中，第一子渠段表示虚拟明渠模型中两个相邻虚拟水头之间的渠道；In this example, the first sub-channel segment represents the channel between two adjacent virtual heads in the virtual open channel model;
该实例中，预设时间段可以为一小时，检验者可以根据检验需求调节预设时间段；In this example, the preset time period may be one hour, and the inspector may adjust the preset time period according to inspection requirements;
该实例中，水位线表示子渠段中水的高度；In this example, the water level line represents the height of the water in the sub-canal segment;
该实例中，剩余容水两表示子渠段或虚拟明渠模型中剩余空间可容纳的最大水量；In this example, the remaining water capacity represents the maximum water volume that the remaining space in the sub-canal segment or the virtual open channel model can hold;
该实例中，一次修正工作为对应的子渠段放置一个轴流泵。In this example, a correction job places an axial flow pump for the corresponding sub-channel segment.
上述技术方案的有益效果为：通过建立虚拟明渠模型，在虚拟明渠模型中模拟实际水流的流动状况，为了提高明渠的输水量，根据明渠的最大容水量调节渠体上轴流泵的位置，实现明渠空间的最大化利用，同时，根据不同的溢水状况在渠体上设置不同尺寸的轴流泵，既达到了提高输水量的目的，还可以节约资源，避免浪费。The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are: by establishing a virtual open channel model, the actual water flow is simulated in the virtual open channel model. To maximize the utilization of the open channel space, at the same time, different sizes of axial flow pumps are installed on the channel body according to different overflow conditions, which not only achieves the purpose of increasing water delivery, but also saves resources and avoids waste.
在一个实施例中，将明渠划分为若干数量的第一子渠段；基于每一第一子渠段的外形以及所述第一水位线，获取每一第一子渠段对应的第一剩余容水量的步骤包括：In one embodiment, the open channel is divided into a number of first sub-channel segments; based on the shape of each first sub-channel segment and the first water level line, the first residual corresponding to each first sub-channel segment is obtained The steps for water capacity include:
基于所述第一子渠段的外形确定出所述第一子渠段对应的容量随水位的变化函数和总容量；determining the function of the change of the capacity with the water level and the total capacity corresponding to the first sub-canal segment based on the shape of the first sub-canal segment;
确定与所述第一子渠段相邻的前一第一子渠段对应的总配水量和后一第一子渠段对应的总配水量；determining the total water distribution amount corresponding to the previous first sub-canal section adjacent to the first sub-canal section and the total water distribution amount corresponding to the next first sub-canal section;
基于所述第一子渠段对应前一第一子渠段对应的总配水量以及后一第一子渠段对应的总配水量，计算出所述第一子渠段对应的渗水流失量：Based on the total water distribution corresponding to the first sub-canal section corresponding to the previous first sub-canal section and the total water distribution corresponding to the next first sub-canal section, the seepage loss corresponding to the first sub-canal section is calculated:
式中，D为所述第一子渠段对应的渗水流失量且D的单位为升，α为所述第一子渠段对应的渗水系数(单位为L/min)，L为所述第一子渠段对应的总容量且L的单位为升，δ为所述第一子渠段周围的土地渗水系数，β1为所述第一子渠段被地下流水冲击的渗水流失校正系数且β1为无量纲，β2为所述第一子渠段衬砌渠道渗水流失校正系数且β2为无量纲，W1为所述第一子渠段对应的前一第一子渠段对应的总配水量且W1的单位为升，W2为所述第一子渠段对应的后一第一子渠段对应的总配水量且W2的单位为升；t1为第一子渠段对应的渗水时间；t2为第一子渠段周围的土地的渗水时间；In the formula, D is the seepage loss corresponding to the first sub-canal section and the unit of D is liters, α is the water seepage coefficient (unit is L/min) corresponding to the first sub-canal section, and L is the first sub-canal section. The total capacity corresponding to a sub-canal section and the unit of L is liters, δ is the water seepage coefficient of the land around the first sub-canal section, β 1 is the seepage loss correction coefficient of the first sub-canal section impacted by underground water, and β 1 is dimensionless, β 2 is the water seepage loss correction coefficient of the lining channel of the first sub-canal section and β 2 is dimensionless, W 1 is the corresponding first sub-canal section of the first sub-canal section. The total water distribution and the unit of W 1 is liters, W 2 is the total water distribution corresponding to the next first sub-canal section corresponding to the first sub-canal section, and the unit of W 2 is liters; t 1 is the first sub-canal The seepage time corresponding to the segment; t 2 is the seepage time of the land around the first sub-canal segment;
基于所述第一子渠段对应的容量随水位的变化函数和所述渗水流失量以及所述第一水位线，计算出所述第一子渠段对应的第一剩余容水量：Based on the variation function of the capacity corresponding to the first sub-canal section with the water level, the seepage loss and the first water level line, the first remaining water capacity corresponding to the first sub-canal section is calculated:
Drest＝D′(h)-DD rest = D'(h)-D
式中，Drest为所述第一子渠段对应的第一剩余容水量且Drest的单位为升， D′(h)即为基于所述第一水位线和容量随水位的变化函数确定出的初始剩余容水量且初始容水量的单位为升，h为第一水位线且h的单位为米。In the formula, D rest is the first remaining water capacity corresponding to the first sub-canal section and the unit of D rest is liters, and D'(h) is determined based on the first water level line and the function of the change of the capacity with the water level. The initial remaining water capacity and the unit of the initial water capacity are liters, h is the first water level line and the unit of h is meters.
上述技术方案的有益效果为：通过所述第一子渠段对应的渗水系数、总容量、周围的土地渗水系数、被地下流水冲击的渗水流失校正系数、衬砌渠道渗水流失校正系数，可以准确地计算出对应的渗水流失量，所述第一子渠段对应的容量随水位的变化函数和所述渗水流失量以及所述第一水位线，可以准确地计算出所述第一子渠段对应的第一剩余容水量，使得获得的第一剩余容水量考虑到了周遭的渗水效果的影响，也考虑到了被地下水冲击和衬砌渠道渗水流失早晨的歌渗水效果的影响，从而使得获得的第一剩余容水量更加准确。The beneficial effects of the above technical solutions are: through the water seepage coefficient corresponding to the first sub-canal section, the total capacity, the surrounding land water seepage coefficient, the water seepage loss correction coefficient impacted by underground water, and the lining channel seepage loss correction coefficient, it can be accurately determined. Calculate the corresponding seepage loss amount, the change function of the capacity corresponding to the first sub-canal section with the water level, the seepage loss amount and the first water level line, can accurately calculate the first sub-canal section corresponding to The first residual water capacity obtained takes into account the influence of the surrounding water seepage effect, as well as the influence of the groundwater impact and the seepage effect of the lining channel, so that the obtained first residual water capacity The water volume is more accurate.
本实施例还公开了一种输水明渠水流加速系统，如图12所示，该系统包括：This embodiment also discloses a water flow acceleration system for a water conveyance open channel, as shown in FIG. 12 , the system includes:
获取模块1201，用于获取输水明渠的设计参数变化率；Obtaining
确定模块1202，用于基于所述设计参数变化率，确定输水明渠渠道的当前输水能力；A
判断模块1203，用于判断所述当前输水能力是否合格，若是，无需进行后续操作，否则，根据所述当前输水能力确定待增加的过流量和水头；The
计算模块1204，用于采用一维模型分析计算出增加了过流量和水头后的输水明渠的明渠水面线。The
上述技术方案的工作原理及有益效果在方法实施例已经说明，此处不再赘述。The working principles and beneficial effects of the above technical solutions have been described in the method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.
在一个实施例中，所述系统还包括：In one embodiment, the system further includes:
检测模块，将明渠分成若干数量的第二子渠段，每一子渠段均设置一检测模块，所述检测模块用于获取其所在的第二子渠段的实际明渠信息，所述实际明渠信息包括：实际明渠水量信息、实际明渠水质信息、实际明渠环境信息；所述实际明渠水量信息包括：实际明渠水含量信息、实际水位信息、实际明渠水流量信息和实际明渠水流速信息；所述实际明渠环境信息包括：实际第二子渠段障碍物信息、实际第二子渠段边界信息；The detection module divides the open channel into a number of second sub-channel sections, each sub-channel section is provided with a detection module, and the detection module is used to obtain the actual open channel information of the second sub-channel section where it is located, the actual open channel The information includes: actual open channel water volume information, actual open channel water quality information, and actual open channel environmental information; the actual open channel water volume information includes: actual open channel water content information, actual water level information, actual open channel water flow information and actual open channel water velocity information; the The actual open channel environment information includes: the actual second sub-channel segment obstacle information, the actual second sub-channel segment boundary information;
处理模块，与所述检测模块电连接，用于获取检测模块的明渠位置信息及对应的所述明渠信息；用于根据所述实际明渠环境信息、及预设明渠环境评估规则确定明渠实际取水难度等级；用于根据所述实际明渠水质信息及预设明渠水质评估规则确定明渠水质等级；用于根据所述实际明渠水量信息、明渠实际取水难度等级、明渠水质等级以及预设取水方案集确定目标取水方案，所述目标取水方案包括；对第二子渠段的取水前处理方案，以及取水轴流泵在第二子渠段的布置位置；The processing module is electrically connected to the detection module, and is used to obtain the open channel position information of the detection module and the corresponding open channel information; and is used to determine the actual water intake difficulty of the open channel according to the actual open channel environmental information and preset open channel environmental assessment rules grade; used to determine the water quality grade of the open channel according to the actual open channel water quality information and the preset open channel water quality assessment rules; used to determine the target according to the actual open channel water quantity information, the actual water intake difficulty level of the open channel, the open channel water quality grade and the preset water intake scheme set A water intake plan, the target water intake plan includes: a pre-treatment plan for water intake in the second sub-canal section, and the arrangement position of the water intake axial-flow pump in the second sub-canal section;
预测模块，用于根据前一检测时间段的实际明渠水含量信息、当前检测时间段的实际明渠水含量信息、明渠位置信息以及实际明渠环境信息，预测下一检测时间段的预测明渠水含量信息；The prediction module is used to predict the predicted open channel water content information in the next detection time period according to the actual open channel water content information in the previous detection time period, the actual open channel water content information in the current detection time period, the open channel location information and the actual open channel environment information ;
气候信息获取模块，用于获取明渠的所处环境的气候信息，所述气候信息包括：环境风速、环境温度；The climate information acquisition module is used to acquire the climate information of the environment where the open channel is located, and the climate information includes: ambient wind speed and ambient temperature;
修正模块，用于基于所述气候信息获取模块对所述下一检测时间段的预测明渠水含量信息进行修正。A correction module, configured to correct the predicted open channel water content information in the next detection time period based on the climate information acquisition module.
方案确定模块，基于所述目标取水方案、当前检测时间段的实际明渠水含量信息、修正后的下一检测时间段的预测明渠水含量信息确定取水轴流泵的布置方案以及轴流泵的工作参数。Scheme determination module, based on the target water intake scheme, the actual open channel water content information in the current detection period, and the corrected predicted open channel water content information in the next detection period to determine the layout scheme of the axial flow pump for water intake and the operation of the axial flow pump parameter.
上述技术方案的工作原理和有益效果：将明渠分成若干数量的第二子渠段，每一子渠段均设置一检测模块，所述检测模块用于获取其所在的第二子渠段的实际明渠信息，取水前，首先根据需要输水目的地的位置，获取其关联的各个第二子渠段的明渠信息，并且所述实际明渠信息包括：实际明渠水量信息、实际明渠水质信息、实际明渠环境信息；所述实际明渠水量信息包括：实际明渠水含量信息、实际水位信息、实际明渠水流量信息和实际明渠水流速信息；所述实际明渠环境信息包括：实际第二子渠段障碍物信息、实际第二子渠段边界信息；综合考虑第二子渠段的水含量信息、水质信息、环境信息的影响，使得制定的取水方案更加可靠。The working principle and beneficial effects of the above technical solutions: the open channel is divided into a number of second sub-channel sections, each sub-channel section is provided with a detection module, and the detection module is used to obtain the actual data of the second sub-channel section where it is located. Open channel information: Before taking water, first obtain the open channel information of each associated second sub-canal segment according to the location of the water delivery destination, and the actual open channel information includes: actual open channel water volume information, actual open channel water quality information, and actual open channel information. environmental information; the actual open channel water volume information includes: actual open channel water content information, actual water level information, actual open channel water flow information and actual open channel water velocity information; the actual open channel environmental information includes: actual second sub-canal obstacle information , the actual boundary information of the second sub-canal section; comprehensively consider the influence of the water content information, water quality information, and environmental information of the second sub-canal section, making the water intake plan more reliable.
然后处理模块，用于根据所述实际明渠环境信息、及预设明渠环境评估规则确定明渠实际取水难度等级；用于根据所述实际明渠水质信息及预设明渠水质评估规则确定明渠水质等级；用于根据所述实际明渠水量信息、明渠实际取水难度等级、明渠水质等级以及预设取水方案集确定目标取水方案，所述目标取水方案包括；对第二子渠段的取水前处理方案，以及取水轴流泵在第二子渠段的布置位置；具体的，根据所述实际明渠水量信息、明渠实际取水难度等级、明渠水质等级以及预设取水方案集确定目标取水方案，所述目标取水方案包括；对第二子渠段的取水前处理方案，以及取水轴流泵在第二子渠段的布置位置；实现与水含量、水质等级、取水等级对应的取水前处理保证取水效果，以及实现与水含量、水质等级、取水等级对应的轴流泵的布置位置，更方便轴流泵的布置。Then the processing module is used for determining the actual water intake difficulty level of the open channel according to the actual open channel environmental information and the preset open channel environmental assessment rules; for determining the open channel water quality level according to the actual open channel water quality information and the preset open channel water quality assessment rules; using The target water intake plan is determined according to the actual water volume information of the open channel, the actual water intake difficulty level of the open channel, the water quality level of the open channel and the preset water intake plan set, and the target water intake plan includes; The arrangement position of the axial flow pump in the second sub-canal section; specifically, the target water intake plan is determined according to the actual water volume information of the open channel, the actual water intake difficulty level of the open channel, the water quality level of the open channel, and the preset water intake plan set, and the target water intake plan includes: ;Pre-treatment plan for water intake in the second sub-canal section, and the arrangement position of the axial-flow pump for water intake in the second sub-canal section; Realize the pre-treatment of water intake corresponding to the water content, water quality grade, and water intake level to ensure the water intake effect, and to achieve the same The arrangement position of the axial flow pump corresponding to the water content, water quality grade and water intake grade is more convenient for the arrangement of the axial flow pump.
然后预测模块，用于前一检测时间段的实际明渠水含量信息、当前检测时间段的实际明渠水含量信息、明渠位置信息以及实际明渠环境信息，预测下一检测时间段的预测明渠水含量信息；实现考虑水含量的动态变化对轴流泵进行设置；并且修正模块，用于基于所述气候信息获取模块对所述下一检测时间段的预测明渠水含量信息进行修正。实现根据气候影响对水含量进行修正，保证结果可靠；Then the prediction module is used for the actual open channel water content information in the previous detection time period, the actual open channel water content information in the current detection time period, the open channel location information and the actual open channel environmental information, and predict the predicted open channel water content information in the next detection time period. realizing the setting of the axial flow pump considering the dynamic change of the water content; and a correction module for correcting the predicted open channel water content information of the next detection time period based on the climate information acquisition module. Realize the correction of water content according to the influence of climate to ensure reliable results;
最终方案确定模块，基于所述目标取水方案、当前检测时间段的实际明渠水含量信息、修正后的下一检测时间段的预测明渠水含量信息确定取水轴流泵的布置方案以及轴流泵的工作参数，基于检测智能获取与渠道实际相匹配的轴流泵的布置方案以及轴流泵的工作参数。The final plan determination module, based on the target water intake plan, the actual open channel water content information in the current detection time period, and the revised predicted open channel water content information in the next detection time period, determine the water intake axial flow pump layout plan and the axial flow pump. Working parameters, based on the detection intelligence, the arrangement plan of the axial flow pump that matches the actual channel and the working parameters of the axial flow pump are obtained.
本领域技术用户员在考虑说明书及实践这里公开的公开后，将容易想到本公开的其它实施方案。本申请旨在涵盖本公开的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化，这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本公开的一般性原理并包括本公开未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的，本公开的真正范围和精神由下面的权利要求指出。Other embodiments of the present disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or techniques in the technical field not disclosed by the present disclosure . The specification and examples are to be regarded as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.
应当理解的是，本公开并不局限于上面已经描述并在附图中示出的精确结构，并且可以在不脱离其范围进行各种修改和改变。本公开的范围仅由所附的权利要求来限制。It is to be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.
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