CN114525505A - Cladding powder for improving wear resistance of nickel-based laser cladding layer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cladding powder for improving wear resistance of nickel-based laser cladding layer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114525505A CN114525505A CN202111678444.7A CN202111678444A CN114525505A CN 114525505 A CN114525505 A CN 114525505A CN 202111678444 A CN202111678444 A CN 202111678444A CN 114525505 A CN114525505 A CN 114525505A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
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- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
- C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
- C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0052—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only carbides
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Abstract
The invention discloses cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of a nickel-based laser cladding layer, which is prepared by designing Inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloys with different gradients in percentage by mass, wherein X is 5,10,15 and 20 wt.%; the invention also discloses a preparation method of the cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer, the wear resistance of the alloy cladding layer is effectively improved by designing the Inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloy with different gradients, and the WC ceramic phase can strengthen the flow of fluid in a welding pool, thereby improving the occurrence of defects and reducing the porosity, so that the service life of the matrix is greatly prolonged, the production cost can be reduced, the resources are saved, and the environment is protected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high-temperature alloy strengthening, and particularly relates to cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of a nickel-based laser cladding layer.
The invention also relates to a preparation method of the cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer.
Background
With the rapid development of society and modern industry, the traditional single metal material can not meet the practical application requirements of the modern industry. But the steel material is still an indispensable part in the industrialization nowadays, wherein the low alloy steel accounts for up to 30% in industrial production and use, and the service life of the low alloy steel has a great relationship with the service environment. Nowadays, the surface engineering technology can effectively solve the current situation, the Inconel 625 has excellent high-temperature performance and good corrosion resistance, can be stably used in a high-temperature environment of more than 600 ℃ for a long time, and can be used as a material selected for surface modification, and the Inconel 625 can improve the wear resistance of the material, so that the service life of the Inconel 625 is prolonged. In the early 40 s, the first generation of nickel-based superalloy products were produced in the uk, and along with the development of global industry, the high temperature alloys were valued by various countries. The global high-temperature alloy yield is more than 70 percent and is distributed in European and American areas, and Asian areas only account for about 23 percent. The development of the wear-resistant nickel alloy in China starts later than that of the western countries, but with the rapid development of the society and industry in China, the wear-resistant nickel alloy is widely applied to domestic industrial production, but the component design and the process are still short plates in China, and have a small gap with the developed countries in the western countries. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the wear resistance of the nickel-based alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of a nickel-based laser cladding layer, the comprehensive performance of a matrix is improved by preparing a high-temperature Ni-based alloy cladding layer on the surface of low-alloy steel, the Inconel 625 alloy cladding layer is improved by designing and adding WC ceramic phases with different proportions of components, so that the capability of improving the wear resistance of an alloy material is achieved, and effective data dependence is provided for the final alloy cladding component design by analyzing the action mechanism of the ceramic phases with different gradient contents in the alloy and researching the evolution mechanism of different alloy tissues, so that the aim of prolonging the service life of the low-alloy steel is finally achieved.
The first technical scheme adopted by the invention is that cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of a nickel-based laser cladding layer is prepared by designing Inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloy with different gradients according to the mass percentage, wherein X is 5,10,15 and 20 wt.%.
The first technical scheme of the invention is also characterized in that:
wherein Inconel 625 comprises, in mass percent, Ni 63.53 wt.%, Cr 20.21 wt.%, Mo 9.20 wt.%, Nb 3.26 wt.%, Fe 2.64 wt.%, Mn 0.60 wt.%, Si 0.56 wt.%, WC powder and TiN powder (1-5 μm) with a purity of 100%;
wherein the particle size of each component of the Inconel 625 is 53-140 μm, and the particle size of the WC powder is 38-58 μm.
The second technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the preparation method of the cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, designing Inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloys with different gradients, wherein X is 5,10,15 and 20 wt.%;
step 2, mechanically mixing the components of the Inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloy with different gradients in the step 1;
step 3, preprocessing the substrate; the matrix is Q345 steel, and the components of the matrix are C0-0.2%, Cr 0-0.2%, Si 0-0.5%, Mn 0-1.7%, Ni 0-0.5%, P + S0-0.07%, Cu 0-0.3%, V0-0.15%, Nb 0-0.07%, and Fe Bal;
step 4, respectively drying the nickel-based alloys with different gradients mechanically mixed in the step 2;
step 6, performing room-temperature friction on the cladding layer obtained after cladding in the step 5 under low load and high load;
and 7, analyzing the influence of different contents of WC ceramic particles on the wear resistance of the Inconel 625 alloy.
The second technical scheme of the invention is also characterized in that:
the specific process of mechanical mixing in the step 2 is as follows: mechanically mixing the components by using a QM-3SP2 planetary ball mill, setting the ball-material ratio to be 1:5, the rotating speed to be 350rpm, and setting the time to be 60min, wherein the forward rotation and the reverse rotation respectively account for half;
the pretreatment process of the substrate in the step 3 comprises the following steps: before laser cladding, polishing the surface layer of the substrate by an angle grinder, cooling, wiping by alcohol, drying and bagging;
wherein the drying conditions in the step 4 are as follows: drying at 150-160 ℃ for 1-1.5 h;
the laser cladding process in the step 5 specifically comprises the following steps: inputting a semiconductor laser by using an ISDL-3008 type optical fiber, wherein the rated power is 3KW, the cladding direction is carried out along the long side direction of a substrate, after the preparation of a cladding layer of a first layer is finished, polishing an oxide skin on the surface of the cladding layer by using an angle grinder until a metal color appears, and then preparing a cladding layer of a second layer, wherein the adopted optimized experimental parameters comprise that the output power is 65%, the cladding speed is 5.5mm/s, the powder feeding angle is 70 degrees, the powder feeding speed is 90g/min, the diameter of a light spot is 5mm, and the protective gas adopts 99.99% argon gas;
in the step 6, room temperature friction is carried out on the cladding layers of all components under low load and high load by using an HT-1000 tester, and the friction process parameters are set as follows: the abrasion time is 40min, the motor frequency is 6.25HZ, the orbiting radius is 5mm, and the orbiting speed is 350 r/min;
in the step 7, the millstone and the test sample before and after the experiment are subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and weighing, the experimental cladding layer is subjected to micro-area analysis by using SEM, and the influence of different contents of WC ceramic particles on the wear resistance of the Inconel 625 alloy is analyzed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer can greatly improve the wear resistance of a matrix, thereby prolonging the service life of a workpiece, being beneficial to saving cost and having positive significance for protecting the ecological environment; the flow of fluid in the welding pool can be enhanced, thereby improving the occurrence of defects and reducing the porosity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the wear amount of Q345 and each cladding layer due to the load change after adding WC to the cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The cladding material of the invention has the following component design basis:
the WC and the nickel-based alloy have good wetting performance, can be used as a reinforcing phase, and are beneficial to reinforcing the flow of fluid in a welding pool, so that the defect is improved, and the porosity is reduced.
The main function of Ni is to make the alloy have good strength and ductility, and have excellent cold and hot workability, cold formability, non-magnetic performance and the like;
the main function of Cr is to enhance the corrosion resistance of the alloy, and when Mo exists in the alloy at the same time, the effectiveness of Cr is greatly enhanced;
the main function of Mo is to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy in a reducing medium and improve the performances of the alloy such as pitting corrosion resistance and the like;
si and Mn have better solid solution strengthening effect, and then Si and Mn are generally used for combined deoxidation, so that metal embrittlement of a surfacing layer caused by oxygenation of the surfacing layer is reduced;
the Nb element is a strong carbide forming element, can be combined with C to form NbC particles in the deposition process, and can effectively improve the strength and the plasticity of the alloy.
Example 1
The raw material components of the laser cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the Inconel 625 nickel-based laser cladding layer are as follows: inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloy wherein X is 5 wt.%.
The preparation steps and experimental operation are as follows:
step 1, mechanically mixing the mixture ratio of 600g by utilizing a QM-3SP2 planetary ball mill, setting the ball-material ratio to be 1:5, the rotating speed to be 350rpm and the setting time to be 60min, wherein the forward rotation and the reverse rotation respectively account for half;
step 2, respectively drying the nickel-based alloys with different gradients after mechanical mixing by using a drying box, wherein the set temperature is 160 ℃, and the drying time is 30 min;
step 3, inputting an ISDL-3008 type optical fiber into a semiconductor laser for laser cladding, performing room-temperature friction of a low load (5N) and a high load (10N) on the clad layer, performing ultrasonic cleaning and weighing on a millstone and a sample before and after an experiment, and performing micro-area analysis on the clad layer after the experiment by using an SEM;
experiments show that: the laser cladding layer obtained by the embodiment is good in forming, the prepared sample is subjected to low-load and high-load tribology performance research respectively, the abrasion loss is the most intuitive parameter representing the abrasion resistance, and under the condition that other parameters are consistent, the lower the value is, the worse the abrasion resistance is proved. Analysis of the experimental results revealed that at low load, the matrix Q345 and Inconel 625 cladding layers had wear rates of 37.3mg and 23.8mg, respectively. When the amount of WC added was 5%, the mass abrasion was 18.3 mg. Under high load, the abrasion loss of the base body Q345 and the Inconel 625 cladding layers is 58.8mg and 31.7mg respectively; when the addition amount of WC is 5%, the mass abrasion is 24.0 mg; the comparison shows that the laser cladding powder prepared by the invention can effectively improve the wear resistance of the low alloy steel.
Example 2:
the raw material components of the laser cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the Inconel 625 nickel-based laser cladding layer are as follows: inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloy wherein X is 10 wt.%.
The preparation steps and experimental operation are as follows:
step 1, mechanically mixing the mixture ratio of 600g by utilizing a QM-3SP2 planetary ball mill, setting the ball-material ratio to be 1:5, the rotating speed to be 350rpm and the setting time to be 60min, wherein the forward rotation and the reverse rotation respectively account for half;
step 2, respectively drying the nickel-based alloys with different gradients after mechanical mixing by using a drying box at the set temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h;
and 3, inputting an ISDL-3008 type optical fiber into a semiconductor laser for laser cladding, performing room-temperature friction under low load (5N) and high load (10N) on the clad layer, performing ultrasonic cleaning and weighing on a millstone and a sample before and after the experiment, and performing micro-area analysis on the clad layer after the experiment by using an SEM.
Experiments show that: the laser cladding layer obtained by the embodiment is good in forming, the tribological performance research of the prepared sample under low load and high load is respectively carried out, the abrasion loss is the parameter representing the most intuitive abrasion resistance, and under the condition that other parameters are consistent, the lower the value is, the worse the abrasion resistance is proved. Analysis of the experimental results revealed that at low load, the matrix Q345 and Inconel 625 cladding layers had wear rates of 37.3mg and 23.8mg, respectively. When the amount of WC added was 10%, the mass abrasion was 13.2 mg. Under high load, the wear loss of the substrate Q345 and the Inconel 625 cladding layers were 58.8mg and 31.7mg, respectively. When the amount of WC added was 10%, the mass abrasion was 18.8 mg. The comparison shows that the laser cladding powder prepared by the invention can effectively improve the wear resistance of the low alloy steel.
Example 3:
the raw material components of the laser cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the Inconel 625 nickel-based laser cladding layer are as follows: inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloy, wherein X ═ 15 wt.%.
The preparation steps and experimental operation are as follows:
step 1, mechanically mixing the mixture ratio of 500g by utilizing a QM-3SP2 planetary ball mill, setting the ball-material ratio to be 1:5, the rotating speed to be 350rpm and the setting time to be 60min, wherein the forward rotation and the reverse rotation respectively account for half;
step 2, respectively drying the nickel-based alloys with different gradients after mechanical mixing by using a drying box at the set temperature of 160 ℃ for 1 h;
and 3, performing laser cladding by adopting an ISDL-3008 type optical fiber input semiconductor laser, performing room-temperature friction of low load (5N) and high load (10N) on the fused layer, performing ultrasonic cleaning and weighing on the millstone and the sample before and after the experiment, and performing micro-area analysis on the fused layer by using an SEM (scanning Electron microscope).
Experiments show that: the laser cladding layer obtained by the embodiment is good in forming, the tribological performance research of the prepared sample under low load and high load is respectively carried out, the abrasion loss is the parameter representing the most intuitive abrasion resistance, and under the condition that other parameters are consistent, the lower the value is, the worse the abrasion resistance is proved. Analysis of the experimental results revealed that at low load, the matrix Q345 and Inconel 625 cladding layers had wear rates of 37.3mg and 23.8mg, respectively. When the amount of WC added was 15%, the mass abrasion was 3.8 mg. Under high load, the abrasion loss of the base body Q345 and the Inconel 625 cladding layers is 58.8mg and 31.7mg respectively. When the amount of WC added was 15%, the mass abrasion was 7.4 mg. The comparison shows that the laser cladding powder prepared by the invention can effectively improve the wear resistance of the low alloy steel.
Example 4:
the raw material components of the laser cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the Inconel 625 nickel-based laser cladding layer are as follows: inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloy wherein X is 20 wt.%.
The preparation steps and experimental operation are as follows:
step 1, mechanically mixing the mixture ratio of 500g by utilizing a QM-3SP2 planetary ball mill, setting the ball-material ratio to be 1:5, the rotating speed to be 350rpm and the setting time to be 60min, wherein the forward rotation and the reverse rotation respectively account for half;
step 2, respectively drying the nickel-based alloys with different gradients after mechanical mixing by using a drying box, wherein the temperature is set to be 150 ℃, and drying is carried out for 30 min;
and 3, inputting an ISDL-3008 type optical fiber into a semiconductor laser for laser cladding, performing room-temperature friction under low load (5N) and high load (10N) on the clad layer, performing ultrasonic cleaning and weighing on a millstone and a sample before and after the experiment, and performing micro-area analysis on the clad layer after the experiment by using an SEM.
Experiments show that: the laser cladding layer obtained by the embodiment is good in forming, the tribological performance research of the prepared sample under low load and high load is respectively carried out, the abrasion loss is the parameter representing the most intuitive abrasion resistance, and under the condition that other parameters are consistent, the lower the value is, the worse the abrasion resistance is proved. Analysis of the experimental results revealed that at low load, the matrix Q345 and Inconel 625 cladding layers had wear rates of 37.3mg and 23.8mg, respectively. When the WC content was 20%, the mass abrasion was 9.1 mg. Under high load, the wear loss of the substrate Q345 and the Inconel 625 cladding layers were 58.8mg and 31.7mg, respectively. When the WC content was 20%, the mass abrasion was 17.1 mg. The comparison shows that the laser cladding powder prepared by the invention can effectively improve the wear resistance of the low alloy steel.
The change of the load has no influence on the wear-resisting sequence of the Q345 and each cladding layer, and the wear resistance after WC is added is as follows in sequence: the abrasion loss diagram of 15% WC > 20% WC > 10% WC > 5% WC > Inconel 625> Q345 is shown in FIG. 1.
Claims (10)
1. The cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer is prepared by designing Inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloy with different gradients in percentage by mass, wherein X is 5,10,15 and 20 wt.%.
2. The cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of a nickel-based laser cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein the Inconel 625 comprises, by mass percent, Ni 63.53 wt.%, Cr 20.21 wt.%, Mo 9.20 wt.%, Nb 3.26 wt.%, Fe 2.64 wt.%, Mn 0.60 wt.%, Si 0.56 wt.%, and the WC purity is 100%.
3. The cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of a nickel-based laser cladding layer according to claim 1, wherein the Inconel 625 has the components with the grain diameter of 53-140 μm and the WC powder with the grain diameter of 38-58 μm.
4. The preparation method of the cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer is implemented by the following steps:
step 1, designing Inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloys with different gradients, wherein X is 5,10,15 and 20 wt.%;
step 2, mechanically mixing the components of the Inconel 625-XWC nickel-based alloy with different gradients in the step 1;
step 3, preprocessing the substrate;
step 4, respectively drying the nickel-based alloys with different gradients mechanically mixed in the step 2;
step 5, carrying out laser cladding on the substrate treated in the step 3;
step 6, performing room-temperature friction on the cladding layer obtained after cladding in the step 5 under low load and high load;
and 7, analyzing the influence of different contents of WC ceramic particles on the wear resistance of the Inconel 625 alloy.
5. The preparation method of cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer according to claim 4, wherein the specific process of mechanical mixing in the step 2 is as follows: the components are mechanically mixed by a QM-3SP2 planetary ball mill, the ball-material ratio is set to be 1:5, the rotating speed is 350rpm, the setting time is 60min, and the forward rotation and the reverse rotation respectively account for half.
6. The preparation method of cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer according to claim 4, wherein the substrate pretreatment process in the step 3 is as follows: before laser cladding, the surface layer of the substrate is polished by an angle grinder, and after the substrate is cooled, the substrate is wiped by alcohol, dried and bagged.
7. The preparation method of cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer according to claim 4, wherein the drying conditions in the step 4 are as follows: drying at 150-160 ℃ for 1-1.5 h.
8. The preparation method of cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer according to claim 4, wherein the laser cladding process in the step 5 specifically comprises the following steps: inputting a semiconductor laser by using an ISDL-3008 type optical fiber, wherein the optical fiber is rated at 3KW, the cladding direction is carried out along the long edge direction of a substrate, after the preparation of a cladding layer of a first layer is finished, polishing an oxide skin on the surface of the cladding layer by using an angle grinder until a metal color appears, and then preparing a cladding layer of a second layer, wherein the adopted optimized experimental parameters comprise that the output power is 65%, the cladding speed is 5.5mm/s, the powder feeding angle is 70 degrees, the powder feeding speed is 90g/min, the diameter of a light spot is 5mm, and the argon gas with the concentration of 99.99% is adopted as a protective gas.
9. The preparation method of cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of the nickel-based laser cladding layer according to claim 4, wherein room temperature friction is performed on the cladding layers of each component by using an HT-1000 tester under low load and high load in the step 6, and parameters of the friction process are set as follows: the abrasion time is 40min, the motor frequency is 6.25HZ, the orbiting radius is 5mm, and the orbiting speed is 350 r/min.
10. The method for preparing cladding powder for improving the wear resistance of a nickel-based laser cladding layer according to claim 4, wherein in the step 7, the millstone and the sample before and after the experiment are subjected to ultrasonic cleaning and weighing, the cladding layer after the experiment is subjected to micro-area analysis by using SEM, and the influence of different contents of WC ceramic particles on the wear resistance of the Inconel 625 alloy is analyzed.
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