CN114524692A - 一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114524692A CN114524692A CN202210070107.8A CN202210070107A CN114524692A CN 114524692 A CN114524692 A CN 114524692A CN 202210070107 A CN202210070107 A CN 202210070107A CN 114524692 A CN114524692 A CN 114524692A
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Abstract
本发明为一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥及其制备方法。一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥，包括以下重量份的原料：0.5‑2份促生控旺物质、2‑10份助剂、10‑30份功能性物质和58‑87.5份营养元素。本发明所述的一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥及其制备方法，产品适用于新疆棉花苗期滴灌用，该药肥既能满足棉花苗期营养需求，促进根系生长发育，又能控制棉苗徒长，提高作物抗逆性，具有较好的促根壮苗效果。同时调节PH值，缓冲盐碱，减少盐离子对种子和幼苗的危害，提高棉花发芽率，出苗率，起到保全苗、育壮苗、促早发的目的。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于药肥技术领域，具体涉及一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥及其制备方法。
背景技术
新疆作为全国最主要的棉花主产区，在全国占有举足轻重的位置。棉花是新疆主要经济作物之一，在棉花栽培管理中最关键在苗期，棉花苗期是以长根、茎、叶等营养器官为主的时期，并开始花芽分化,是为蕾期稳健生长、多现蕾奠定基础的时期。此期棉苗以根系生长为中心，关键在于促进根系发育，壮苗先壮根，发苗先发根。只有根系长得深而广，才能培育壮苗，才能促进早发。近些年受倒春寒等异常天气的影响，低温、寡照、降雨、大风等环境因素对棉花苗期生长造成不利影响。而且现有滴灌模式下，由于反盐反碱现象造成棉苗发芽困难，棉苗生长较弱，根量较少且根系细长，后期发根困难生长速度迟缓，对逆境的抵抗能力差，易出现苗期病害、死苗或晚发。
农药主要用于防治作物中有害生物，肥料为作物生长提供必须的营养，它们都是作物所需要的，而当二者在同一时间被作物所需时，恰好为药肥发展提供了用武之地。实现药肥一体化，既能提供农药的杀虫、杀菌、除草、调节作物生长的功能，又能为农作物提供营养和提高肥料及农药的利用率。将农药的植物保护和肥料的养分供给两个田间操作合二为一，节省劳力、降低生产成本。药肥是农业“三高”(即高产、高质量、高效益)低耗生产的有益措施，顺应了时代的发展需求，药肥已经迎来了新的发展时期。为了当代农业的可持续性发展，药肥对于以强大的技术来支撑和驱动的现代农业是一种新的尝试。
现有的药肥产品主要在内地的甘蔗、水稻上大规模推广应用，剂型以固体颗粒剂为主，肥料基底主要为复混肥、掺混肥、有机-无机复混肥、有机肥。添加的药剂以杀虫剂、除草剂为主，施用方式以撒施为主。目前市场上很难找到一款适用于新疆棉花苗期滴灌用药肥产品。
且现有多数棉花苗期滴灌肥料功能单一，主要以含氮磷钾水溶肥、氨基酸水溶肥、腐植酸水溶肥为主，只能为植物提供营养，促控效果不明显。遇高温高湿，易造成棉苗徒长，形成高脚细弱苗；遇低温冷害棉苗抗逆性差，造成死根、烂根，棉苗生长较弱，易导致病害、死苗或晚发。很难找到适用于新疆棉花苗期滴灌用，集营养全面、促进根系发育、控制棉苗徒长为一体的药肥产品，
有鉴于此，本发明提出一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥及其制备方法，适用于新疆棉花苗期滴灌施用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥，适用于新疆棉花苗期滴灌用，该药肥能满足棉花苗期营养需求，且调节药剂与生物刺激素复配发挥了协同作用，促进根系生长发育，又控制棉苗徒长，提高作物抗逆性，具有较好的促根壮苗效果。同时调节PH值，缓冲盐碱，减少盐离子对种子和幼苗的危害，提高棉花发芽率，出苗率，起到保全苗、育壮苗、促早发的目的。
为了实现上述目的，所采用的技术方案为：
一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥，包括以下重量份的原料：0.5-2份促生控旺物质、2-10份助剂、10-30份功能性物质和58-87.5份营养元素。
进一步的，所述的促生控旺物质包括：烯效唑、三十烷醇、吲哚丁酸钾、高纯度α-萘乙酸钠、S-诱抗素、酶解海藻冻干粉、聚谷氨酸、氨基酸粉；
所述的助剂包括：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯、羧甲基纤维素钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、无水硫酸镁；
所述的功能性物质包括：矿源黄腐酸钾、生化黄腐酸钾、氨基酸、稀土镧、稀土铈；
所述的营养元素包括：硫酸铵、磷酸二氢钾、EDTA-Zn、EDTA-Mn、EDTA-Cu、EDTA-Fe、硼酸。
再进一步的，所述的促生控旺物质包括以下重量份的原料：烯效唑0.5-2.5份，三十烷醇0.1-0.5份，吲哚丁酸钾5-10份，高纯度α-萘乙酸钠5-10份，S-诱抗素0.5-1.5份，酶解海藻冻干粉5-10份，聚谷氨酸5-10份，氨基酸粉55.5-78.9份；
所述的助剂包括以下重量份的原料：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯5-10份、羧甲基纤维素钠5-10份、十二烷基硫酸钠5-10份、三聚磷酸钠5-10份、无水硫酸镁60-80份；
所述的功能性物质包括以下重量份的原料：矿源黄腐酸钾20-40份，生化黄腐酸钾20-40份，氨基酸20-40份，稀土镧1-5份，稀土铈5-10份；
所述的营养元素包括以下重量份的原料：硫酸铵40-80份，磷酸二氢钾20-60份，EDTA-Zn0.25-1份，EDTA-Mn0.25-1份，EDTA-Cu0.25-1份，EDTA-Fe0.25-1份，硼酸0.25-1份。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供上述棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥的制备方法，工艺简单。
为了实现上述目的，所采用的技术方案为：
上述的棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥的制备方法，为：将促生控旺物质、助剂、功能性物质和营养元素混合均匀后，得所述的棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥。
进一步的，所述的促生控旺物质的细度为80-100目；
所述的助剂的细度为80-100目；
所述的功能性物质的细度为80-100目；
所述的营养元素的细度为50-60目。
再进一步的，所述的促生控旺物质中的三十烷醇与烯效唑的粒度为3-5μm。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果在于：
1、本发明的药肥产品，具有打破种子休眠，提高发芽率成活率，促进主根生长，诱导不定根形成，同时植株节间缩短，茎秆粗壮，促进花芽分化。通过复配使用起到复配增效，提高药肥利用率，促根壮苗，提高产量，改善品质，提高作物抗病，抗逆境(抗寒、抗旱、抗涝、抗盐碱等)能力，缓解、减轻作物药害。
2、本发明的药肥产品，含有多种有机酸及营养成分，能够促进植物根系生长和提高根系活力，改良土壤，提高土壤的保水保肥能力，缓冲盐碱，减少盐离子对种子和幼苗的危害。固氮、解磷、活化钾，螯合常量及微量营养物质，缓释增效的作用。
3、本发明的药肥产品，添加的稀土元素可提高种子发芽率，促进作物根系发育，促进叶绿素合成，提高酶的活性，提高作物抗病、抗寒、抗旱等抗逆性。
4、本发明的药肥产品，选用优质原料不含影响发芽出苗的(高含量氯离子、缩二脲、超标重金属)等有害物质，对棉苗安全高效，为作物补充所需的多种营养元素。
5、本发明的药肥产品，添加的助剂具有乳化、润湿、悬浮、分散、吸附的作用，能有效防止药肥板结、潮解，使药剂能均匀的分散到肥料当中，滴灌中药液分散均匀避免施用不均产生药害。
6、本发明的药肥产品，添加了多种促生及控旺物质，通过调节药剂与生物刺激素复配可发挥协同作用，弥补各自不足，进一步提高对植物的促进生根控制旺长效果。在该过程中，不仅调节药剂与生物刺激素复配发挥了协同作用，而且化学药剂和生物药剂之间也产生了协同作用。还可促进作物对营养元素的吸收，达到促根壮苗的效果。
7、本发明药肥产品的制备工艺简单，易于生产，使用方便，省工省时，特别适用于新疆棉花苗期滴灌施用。
具体实施方式
为了进一步阐述本发明一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥及其制备方法，达到预期发明目的，以下结合较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥及其制备方法，其具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效，详细说明如后。在下述说明中，不同的“一实施例”或“实施例”指的不一定是同一实施例。此外，一或多个实施例中的特定特征、结构或特点可由任何合适形式组合。
下面将结合具体的实施例，对本发明一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥及其制备方法做进一步的详细介绍：
本发明的技术方案为：
一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥，包括以下重量份的原料：0.5-2份促生控旺物质、2-10份助剂、10-30份功能性物质和58-87.5份营养元素。
优选的，所述的促生控旺物质包括：烯效唑、三十烷醇、吲哚丁酸钾、高纯度α-萘乙酸钠、S-诱抗素、酶解海藻冻干粉、聚谷氨酸、氨基酸粉；
所述的助剂包括：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯、羧甲基纤维素钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、无水硫酸镁；
所述的功能性物质包括：矿源黄腐酸钾、生化黄腐酸钾、氨基酸、稀土镧、稀土铈；
所述的营养元素包括：硫酸铵、磷酸二氢钾、EDTA-Zn、EDTA-Mn、EDTA-Cu、EDTA-Fe、硼酸。
进一步优选的，所述的促生控旺物质包括以下重量份的原料：烯效唑0.5-2.5份，三十烷醇0.1-0.5份，吲哚丁酸钾5-10份，高纯度α-萘乙酸钠5-10份，S-诱抗素0.5-1.5份，酶解海藻冻干粉5-10份，聚谷氨酸5-10份，氨基酸粉55.5-78.9份；
所述的助剂包括以下重量份的原料：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯5-10份、羧甲基纤维素钠5-10份、十二烷基硫酸钠5-10份、三聚磷酸钠5-10份、无水硫酸镁60-80份；
所述的功能性物质包括以下重量份的原料：矿源黄腐酸钾20-40份，生化黄腐酸钾20-40份，氨基酸20-40份，稀土镧1-5份，稀土铈5-10份；
所述的营养元素包括以下重量份的原料：硫酸铵40-80份，磷酸二氢钾20-60份，EDTA-Zn0.25-1份，EDTA-Mn0.25-1份，EDTA-Cu0.25-1份，EDTA-Fe0.25-1份，硼酸0.25-1份。
上述的棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥的制备方法，为：将促生控旺物质、助剂、功能性物质和营养元素混合均匀后，得所述的棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥。
优选的，所述的促生控旺物质的细度为80-100目；
所述的助剂的细度为80-100目；
所述的功能性物质的细度为80-100目；
所述的营养元素的细度为50-60目。
进一步优选的，所述的促生控旺物质中的三十烷醇与烯效唑的粒度为3-5μm。将烯效唑、三十烷醇超微粉碎至3-5μm，滴灌施用利于药效发挥及作物吸收，又避免吲哚丁酸钾及S-诱抗素见强光分解，特别适用于新疆棉花苗期滴灌施用。
一、实施例
实施例中的“份”为“重量份”。
实施例1.
具体操作步骤如下：
(1)调节药剂(即促生控旺物质，主要为调节药剂+生物刺激素)制备：将三十烷醇与烯效唑分别经超微气流粉碎机粉碎至3-5μm。取粉碎后烯效唑0.5份，三十烷醇0.1份，吲哚丁酸钾5份，高纯度α-萘乙酸钠5份，S-诱抗素0.5份，酶解海藻冻干粉5份，聚谷氨酸5份，氨基酸粉78.9份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(2)助剂制备：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯5份、羧甲基纤维素钠5份、十二烷基硫酸钠5份、三聚磷酸钠5份、无水硫酸镁80份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(3)功能性物质制备：将20份矿源黄腐酸钾，40份生化黄腐酸钾，34份氨基酸，1份稀土镧，5份稀土铈，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(4)营养元素制备：将40份硫酸铵，58.75份磷酸二氢钾，0.25份EDTA-Zn，0.25份EDTA-Mn，0.25份EDTA-Cu，0.25份EDTA-Fe，0.25份硼酸粉碎后过50-60目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(5)药肥制备：取0.5份调节药剂，2份助剂，10份功能性物质，87.5份营养元素，经混合机混合3分钟后检验，包装制得所需药肥。
实施例2.
具体操作步骤如下：
(1)调节药剂制备：将三十烷醇与烯效唑分别经超微气流粉碎机粉碎至3-5μm，取粉碎后烯效唑2.5份，三十烷醇0.5份，吲哚丁酸钾10份，高纯度α-萘乙酸钠10份，S-诱抗素1.5份，酶解海藻冻干粉10份，聚谷氨酸10份，氨基酸粉55.5份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(2)助剂制备：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯10份、羧甲基纤维素钠10份、十二烷基硫酸钠10份、三聚磷酸钠10份、无水硫酸镁60份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(3)功能性物质制备：将40份矿源黄腐酸钾，20份生化黄腐酸钾，25份氨基酸，5份稀土镧，10份稀土铈，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(4)营养元素制备：将75份硫酸铵，20份磷酸二氢钾，1份EDTA-Zn，1份EDTA-Mn，1份EDTA-Cu，1份EDTA-Fe，1份硼酸粉碎后过50-60目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(5)药肥制备：取2份调节药剂，10份助剂，30份功能性物质，58份营养元素，经混合机混合3分钟后检验，包装制得所需药肥。
实施例3.
具体操作步骤如下：
(1)调节药剂制备：将三十烷醇与烯效唑分别经超微气流粉碎机粉碎至3-5μm，取粉碎后烯效唑2份，三十烷醇0.4份，吲哚丁酸钾8份，高纯度α-萘乙酸钠8份，S-诱抗素1份，酶解海藻冻干粉8份，聚谷氨酸8份，氨基酸粉64.6份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(2)助剂制备：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯8份、羧甲基纤维素钠8份、十二烷基硫酸钠8份、三聚磷酸钠8份、无水硫酸镁68份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(3)功能性物质制备：将35份矿源黄腐酸钾，25份生化黄腐酸钾，28份氨基酸，4份稀土镧，8份稀土铈，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(4)营养元素制备：将65份硫酸铵，31份磷酸二氢钾，0.8份EDTA-Zn，0.8份EDTA-Mn，0.8份EDTA-Cu，0.8份EDTA-Fe，0.8份硼酸，粉碎后过50-60目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(5)药肥制备：取1.5份调节药剂，8份助剂，25份功能性物质，65.5份营养元素，经混合机混合3分钟后检验，包装制得所需药肥。
实施例4.
具体操作步骤如下：
(1)调节药剂制备：将三十烷醇与烯效唑分别经超微气流粉碎机粉碎至3-5μm，取粉碎后烯效唑1.5份，三十烷醇0.3份，吲哚丁酸钾7份，高纯度α-萘乙酸钠7份，S-诱抗素0.7份，酶解海藻冻干粉7份，聚谷氨酸7份，氨基酸粉69.5份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(2)助剂制备：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯7份、羧甲基纤维素钠7份、十二烷基硫酸钠7份、三聚磷酸钠7份、无水硫酸镁72份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(3)功能性物质制备：将30份矿源黄腐酸钾，30份生化黄腐酸钾，30份氨基酸，3份稀土镧，7份稀土铈，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(4)营养元素制备：将60份硫酸铵，37份磷酸二氢钾，0.6份EDTA-Zn，0.6份EDTA-Mn，0.6份EDTA-Cu，0.6份EDTA-Fe，0.6份硼酸粉碎后过50-60目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(5)药肥制备：取1份调节药剂，6份助剂，20份功能性物质，73份营养元素，经混合机混合3分钟后检验，包装制得所需药肥。
实施例5.
具体操作步骤如下：
(1)调节药剂制备：将三十烷醇与烯效唑分别经超微气流粉碎机粉碎至3-5μm，取粉碎后烯效唑1份，三十烷醇0.2份，吲哚丁酸钾6份，高纯度α-萘乙酸钠6份，S-诱抗素0.6份，酶解海藻冻干粉6份，聚谷氨酸6份，氨基酸粉74.2份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(2)助剂制备：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯6份、羧甲基纤维素钠6份、十二烷基硫酸钠6份、三聚磷酸钠6份、无水硫酸镁76份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(3)功能性物质制备：将25份矿源黄腐酸钾，35份生化黄腐酸钾，32份氨基酸，2份稀土镧，6份稀土铈，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(4)营养元素制备：将50份硫酸铵，48份磷酸二氢钾，0.4份EDTA-Zn，0.4份EDTA-Mn，0.4份EDTA-Cu，0.4份EDTA-Fe，0.4份硼酸粉碎后过50-60目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(5)药肥制备：取1份调节药剂，4份助剂，15份功能性物质，80份营养元素，经混合机混合3分钟后检验，包装制得所需药肥。
实施例6.
具体操作步骤如下：
(1)调节药剂制备：将三十烷醇与烯效唑分别经超微气流粉碎机粉碎至3-5μm，取粉碎后烯效唑2份，三十烷醇0.2份，吲哚丁酸钾5份，高纯度α-萘乙酸钠5份，S-诱抗素0.5份，酶解海藻冻干粉5，聚谷氨酸5份，氨基酸粉77.3份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(2)助剂制备：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯7份、羧甲基纤维素钠8份、十二烷基硫酸钠7份、三聚磷酸钠8份、无水硫酸镁70份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(3)功能性物质制备：将30份矿源黄腐酸钾，30份生化黄腐酸钾，30份氨基酸，3份稀土镧，7份稀土铈，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(4)营养元素制备：将60份硫酸铵，37.5份磷酸二氢钾，0.5份EDTA-Zn，0.5份EDTA-Mn，0.5份EDTA-Cu，0.5份EDTA-Fe，0.5份硼酸粉碎后过50-60目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(5)药肥制备：取2份调节药剂，6份助剂，20份功能性物质，72份营养元素，经混合机混合3分钟后检验，包装制得所需药肥。
实施例7.
具体操作步骤如下：
(1)调节药剂制备：将三十烷醇与烯效唑分别经超微气流粉碎机粉碎至3-5μm，取粉碎后烯效唑0.5份，三十烷醇0.3份，吲哚丁酸钾10份，高纯度α-萘乙酸钠10份，S-诱抗素1.5份，酶解海藻冻干粉10份，聚谷氨酸10份，氨基酸粉57.7份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(2)助剂制备：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯6份、羧甲基纤维素钠9份、十二烷基硫酸钠7份、三聚磷酸钠8份、无水硫酸镁70份，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(3)功能性物质制备：将30份矿源黄腐酸钾，30份生化黄腐酸钾，25份氨基酸，5份稀土镧，10份稀土铈，粉碎后过80-100目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(4)营养元素制备：将70份硫酸铵，27.5份磷酸二氢钾，0.5份EDTA-Zn，0.5份EDTA-Mn，0.5份EDTA-Cu，0.5份EDTA-Fe，0.5份硼酸粉碎后过50-60目筛，经混合机混合3分钟备用。
(5)药肥制备：取2份调节药剂，6份助剂，20份功能性物质，72份营养元素，经混合机混合3分钟后检验，包装制得所需药肥。
二、实验测试
1、试验方法
(1)试验地点：设在石河子市农业科学研究院试验场。
(2)供试作物：棉花；品种：新陆早61号。
(3)供试土壤类型为灰漠土，质地为壤土，代表面积800亩，肥力等级中等详见下表1。
表1供试土壤肥力情况
注：滴施完出苗水后，于6月15日第二水施肥前取棉苗周围土壤测定养分指标。
(4)试验设计
本试验设五个处理：
处理1：药肥实施例3；
处理2：药肥实施例3(不加烯效唑、S-诱抗素)；
处理3：药肥实施例3(不加三十烷醇、吲哚丁酸钾、α-萘乙酸钠)；
处理4：药肥实施例3(不加酶解海藻冻干粉、聚谷氨酸)
处理5(CK)：常规施肥(滴灌水溶肥N-P2O5-K2O；16-9-5；Zn+B≥0.2％)。
处理1-4苗期不再进行化调，不喷施缩节胺；处理5按常规管理，在齐苗后喷施缩节胺0.5g/亩，4叶期喷施缩节胺0.8g/亩。
(5)施肥方式：滴灌，滴出苗水时，各处理随水滴施2kg/亩。小区面积为92m2(长20米×宽4.6米)，重复3次，随机区组排列，每个小区之间设有隔离带，四周设有保护行。
(6)田间管理：4月19日播种，膜宽2.05m，栽培模式一膜三管六行(66cm+10cm)，点播株距12cm，亩下种量1.6kg。4月29日出苗，7月8日人工打顶，8月25日停水。全生育期中耕3次，灌水9次，灌水时间为：出苗水4月20日、6月20日、7月2日、7月11日、7月19日、7月27日、8月6日、8月15日、8月25日。除出苗水外，各处理生育期滴施尿素33kg/亩，大量元素水溶肥(10-20-20)35kg/亩，田间管理按常规进行。
2、试验调查分析
(1)出苗情况调查分析
于5月2日对各处理出苗情况进行调查记载，每个处理随机选取3点，每点调查面积百分之一亩(膜长2.9米，宽2.3米)，调查点内出苗数，调查结果见下表2。
表2各处理棉花出苗率调查表
从上表调查结果可以看出，出苗水滴施药肥各处理平均出苗株数及出苗率均比对照处理高，分别比对照出苗率高10.34％、7.58％、6.43％、3.91％，经方差分析差异达显著水平；滴施药肥各处理间出苗率处理1比处理2高2.76％、比处理3高3.91％、比处理4高6.43％。
(2)生育性状调查分析
于6月15日对各处理植株生育性状进行调查记载，每个处理随机选取3点，在每点内的边行、边内、中行随机选取10株连根挖出取回，调查株高、根长、叶片数、现蕾数、及植株地上、地下部鲜、干重量，取单株平均值，调查结果见表3。
表3各处理生育性状调查表
由上表可以看出，株高方面处理2＞CK＞处理1＞处理4＞处理3；根长、现蕾数药肥各处理均高于对照，处理1＞处理2＞处理4＞处理3＞CK；叶片数各处理相近；地上部鲜、干重处理1＞处理2＞CK＞处理4＞处理3；地下部鲜、干重药肥各处理均高于对照，处理1＞处理2＞处理3＞CK。
(3)产量调查分析
于10月5日对各处理小区进行调查收获测产，调查结果见表4。
表4各处理产量调查表
由上表可以看出，由于CK亩保苗株数较少，因此单株铃数较多；但药肥各处理在单铃重、衣分、产量方面均高于CK，亩产籽棉分别比对照高47.99kg、22.66kg、12.04kg、18.7kg，与对照比增产幅度分别为12.96％、6.12％、3.25％、5.05％，其中处理1增产幅度较大，增产效果最明显。
3、结果分析
(1)通过对滴施药肥前后棉苗周围土壤养分指标的测定结果来看，常规施肥不同程度的消耗了土壤有机质等养分，增加了土壤盐分；药肥处理不同程度的提高了土壤的各养分指标，并有效降低了土壤的PH值及盐分。说明滴施药肥对棉苗周围土壤起到了缓解盐碱、调节PH值、补充有机质的作用。
(2)通过对出苗率的调查结果来看，滴施药肥各处理能有效提高棉花发芽出苗率，实施例3效果最好，出苗率比CK高10.34％。通过对生育性状的调查结果来看，药肥处理各指标均比对照有所提高，但不加控旺调节剂的处理2株高过高，不加促生调节剂的处理3株高太低；只有实施例3表现效果最好，植株高矮适中、健壮挺拔、茎秆粗壮、根系发达、有效提高了棉苗地上、下部干物质积累量，达到了促根壮苗、提早现蕾的目的。
(3)通过对各处理的产量测定结果来看，滴施药肥各处理能有效增加单铃重及衣分，均不同程度比CK产量有所增加。实施例3增产效果最明显，与对照比亩增产47.99kg，增产幅度12.96％，达到了提质增效，增产增收的目的。
通过整个试验结果来看，棉花苗期滴施药肥均不同程度的提高了出苗率，提早现蕾，根系发达，提高了棉苗地上、下部干物质积累量，增加单铃重，提高品质，增加产量。但处理2注重促生，有旺长现象，处理3注重控，有延缓发育现象，处理4表现一般，只有处理1(实施例3)各方面表现效果最佳，调节药剂与生物刺激素配合，通过复配发挥协同作用，弥补各自不足，通过促控结合，进一步提高对植物的促进生根控制旺长效果，达到了促根壮苗的效果。不仅调节药剂与生物刺激素复配发挥了协同作用，而且化学药剂和生物药剂之间也产生了协同作用。
以上所述，仅是本发明实施例的较佳实施例而已，并非对本发明实施例作任何形式上的限制，依据本发明实施例的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰，均仍属于本发明实施例技术方案的范围内。
Claims (7)
1.一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥，其特征在于，所述的棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥包括以下重量份的原料：0.5-2份促生控旺物质、2-10份助剂、10-30份功能性物质和58-87.5份营养元素。
2.根据权利要求1所述的棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥，其特征在于，
所述的促生控旺物质包括：烯效唑、三十烷醇、吲哚丁酸钾、高纯度α-萘乙酸钠、S-诱抗素、酶解海藻冻干粉、聚谷氨酸、氨基酸粉；
所述的助剂包括：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯、羧甲基纤维素钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、三聚磷酸钠、无水硫酸镁；
所述的功能性物质包括：矿源黄腐酸钾、生化黄腐酸钾、氨基酸、稀土镧、稀土铈；
所述的营养元素包括：硫酸铵、磷酸二氢钾、EDTA-Zn、EDTA-Mn、EDTA-Cu、EDTA-Fe、硼酸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥，其特征在于，
所述的促生控旺物质包括以下重量份的原料：烯效唑0.5-2.5份，三十烷醇0.1-0.5份，吲哚丁酸钾5-10份，高纯度α-萘乙酸钠5-10份，S-诱抗素0.5-1.5份，酶解海藻冻干粉5-10份，聚谷氨酸5-10份，氨基酸粉55.5-78.9份；
所述的助剂包括以下重量份的原料：脂肪酸聚氧乙烯酯5-10份、羧甲基纤维素钠5-10份、十二烷基硫酸钠5-10份、三聚磷酸钠5-10份、无水硫酸镁60-80份；
所述的功能性物质包括以下重量份的原料：矿源黄腐酸钾20-40份，生化黄腐酸钾20-40份，氨基酸20-40份，稀土镧1-5份，稀土铈5-10份；
所述的营养元素包括以下重量份的原料：硫酸铵40-80份，磷酸二氢钾20-60份，EDTA-Zn0.25-1份，EDTA-Mn0.25-1份，EDTA-Cu0.25-1份，EDTA-Fe0.25-1份，硼酸0.25-1份。
4.权利要求1所述的棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥的制备方法，其特征在于，
将促生控旺物质、助剂、功能性物质和营养元素混合均匀后，得所述的棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制备方法，其特征在于，
所述的促生控旺物质的细度为80-100目；
所述的助剂的细度为80-100目；
所述的功能性物质的细度为80-100目；
所述的营养元素的细度为50-60目。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法，其特征在于，
所述的促生控旺物质中的三十烷醇与烯效唑的粒度为3-5μm。
7.一种棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥，其特征在于，所述的棉花苗期滴灌用促控药肥采用权利要求4-6任一项所述的制备方法制备而成。
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