CN114523803B - Lightweight heavy-duty wheel set and design method thereof - Google Patents

Lightweight heavy-duty wheel set and design method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114523803B
CN114523803B CN202210247611.0A CN202210247611A CN114523803B CN 114523803 B CN114523803 B CN 114523803B CN 202210247611 A CN202210247611 A CN 202210247611A CN 114523803 B CN114523803 B CN 114523803B
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axle
rim
wheel
equal
hub
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CN114523803A (en
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汪永阳
刘智
尹明
陈刚
潘胜利
袁志兴
陶盈龙
黄孝卿
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Baowu Group Masteel Rail Transit Materials Technology Co Ltd
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Baowu Group Masteel Rail Transit Materials Technology Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B37/00—Wheel-axle combinations, e.g. wheel sets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60B—VEHICLE WHEELS; CASTORS; AXLES FOR WHEELS OR CASTORS; INCREASING WHEEL ADHESION
    • B60B17/00—Wheels characterised by rail-engaging elements
    • B60B17/0006—Construction of wheel bodies, e.g. disc wheels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
    • G06F30/15—Vehicle, aircraft or watercraft design
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/86—Optimisation of rolling resistance, e.g. weight reduction 

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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a lightweight heavy-duty wheel set and a design method thereof, wherein the wheel set comprises an axle and wheels arranged on the axle, and the axle is of a cylindrical structure; each end of the axle comprises an axle wheel seat area; the wheel comprises a wheel hub, a wheel disc and a wheel rim, wherein the wheel disc is of a bent structure, one end of the wheel disc is connected with the wheel hub, the other end of the wheel disc is connected with the wheel rim, and the wheel rim is provided with a tread and a wheel rim at one end far away from the wheel disc; the web includes a hub-web transition region, a web body, and a rim-web transition region; the wheel is arranged on the axle wheel seat area, and the rim-web plate transition area is positioned outside the hub-web plate transition area in the axial direction; the hub-web transition zone is located between the hub and the web body, and the rim-web transition zone is located between the rim and the web body; the spoke main body is of a bending structure, and the spoke is respectively connected with the rim and the hub through circular arcs; the unsprung weight of the bogie can be effectively reduced, the abrasion of wheel tracks is reduced, and the transportation efficiency is improved.

Description

Lightweight heavy-duty wheel set and design method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of railway wheels, in particular to a lightweight heavy-load wheel set and a design method thereof.
Background
The transportation vehicles commonly adopted by industrial and mining enterprises are special-purpose railway trucks, and the general axle weight can reach more than 40 t. The working condition vehicle specially used for transferring molten iron in the iron works is a torpedo tank car, the total full load weight of the torpedo tank car can reach more than 600 tons, the axle weight of a wheel set of the torpedo tank car can reach 50t, and the torpedo tank car belongs to a heavy-load wheel set.
The heavy-load wheel set mainly comprises two wheels and an axle through interference fit. The axle mainly comprises four parts of an axle journal, a dustproof seat, a wheel seat and an axle body; the wheel mainly comprises a hub, a web and a rim. The axle structure mainly comprises an axle end structure part, an axle end and axle journal transition guide cone, an axle journal linear part, an axle journal unloading groove part, a dustproof seat linear part, a dustproof seat unloading groove part, a wheel seat and axle body transition arc and an axle body part. The structure of the wheel is mainly referred to as a web structure. The web structure is mainly divided into 4 types: s-shaped webs, bell-shaped webs (also known as double S-shaped webs), basin-shaped webs, and straight webs. S-shaped webs, bell-shaped webs (also known as double S-shaped webs) and basin-shaped webs can be classified into curved webs, and have better mechanical properties than straight webs. The heavy-load wheel set has the advantages that the wheel is heavy in axle, and the stress after the wheel is worn to the limit can meet the requirements of the design and calculation standards of the wheel by increasing the thickness of the remaining rim of the wheel after the wheel is worn to the limit, so that the running structural safety performance of the wheel is ensured. However, in the case of a constant rolling circle diameter of the wheel, increasing the rim thickness means that the wheel web area is reduced, and the wheel web is more suitable to be designed as a straight web or an inclined web because of the greater difficulty in designing the wheel web as a curved web with excellent mechanical properties.
At present, wheel webs for wheel sets of torpedo tank cars for domestic molten iron transportation are all in the form of inclined webs designed by foreign manufacturers, the diameters of wheel rolling circular treads mainly comprise three types of phi 650mm, phi 760mm and phi 840mm, and the wheel pairs with the diameters phi 760mm of the wheel rolling circular treads are most widely applied. Due to the form of the wheel inclined web of the torpedo car wheel set, the weight of a single wheel reaches 330kg, the unsprung weight of a bogie of the vehicle is greatly increased, and the mechanical property and the transportation efficiency of the vehicle are seriously affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a lightweight heavy-load wheel set and a design method thereof, which can effectively reduce unsprung weight of a bogie, reduce wheel rail abrasion and improve transportation efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a lightweight heavy-duty wheel set comprises an axle and wheels arranged on the axle, wherein the axle is of a cylindrical structure; each end of the axle comprises an axle end area, an axle shaft journal linear area, an axle dust-proof seat linear area, an axle wheel seat area and an axle shaft body area; the wheel comprises a wheel hub, a wheel disc and a wheel rim, wherein the wheel disc is of a bent structure, one end of the wheel disc is connected with the wheel hub, the other end of the wheel disc is connected with the wheel rim, and the wheel rim is provided with a tread and a wheel rim at one end far away from the wheel disc; the web includes a hub-web transition region, a web body, and a rim-web transition region; the wheel is arranged on the axle wheel seat area, and the rim-web plate transition area is positioned outside the hub-web plate transition area in the axial direction; the hub-web transition zone is located between the hub and the web body, and the rim-web transition zone is located between the rim and the web body; the spoke plate main body is of a bending structure, and the spoke plate is connected with the rim and the hub respectively through circular arcs.
The axle end area is connected with the axle shaft neck linear area through a transition guide cone; the axle journal linear region and the axle dustproof seat linear region are provided with journal unloading grooves; a dust-proof seat unloading groove is arranged between the straight line area of the axle dust-proof seat and the axle wheel seat area; the axle wheel seat area and the axle body area are provided with a smooth transition arc.
The included angle between the outer side contour line of the hub outer diameter surface and the outer side surface of the wheel rim is more than or equal to 98 degrees, the included angle between the inner side contour line of the hub outer diameter surface and the inner side surface of the wheel rim is more than or equal to 100 degrees, the included angle between the outer side contour line of the rim inner diameter surface and the outer side surface of the rim is more than or equal to 96 degrees, and the included angle between the inner side contour line of the rim inner diameter surface and the inner side surface of the rim is more than or equal to 96 degrees; in the axial direction, the inner side surface of the rim is positioned outside the inner side surface of the hub, and the distance between the inner side surface of the rim and the inner side surface of the hub is more than or equal to 35mm.
The design method of the lightweight heavy-duty wheel set comprises the following steps:
step 1, auxiliary line setting: the X-axis is the wheel rotation axis, also referred to as the axial direction; the Y axis indicates the radial direction perpendicular to the X axis, the direction indicated by the arrow of the X axis is the outer side, and the opposite direction of the arrow of the X axis is the inner side; the axis of the hub-web transition zone is A;
step 2, drawing a hub outer contour line of the hub and connecting the hub outer contour line with an outer hub surface; drawing a hub inner contour line of the hub and connecting the hub inner contour line with an inner hub surface; an included angle phi 1 is formed between the outer hub contour line and the outer hub surface, and an included angle phi 2 is formed between the inner hub contour line and the inner hub surface;
step 3, designing a hub-web transition region: positioning an axial dimension X1 by using an inner rim surface of a rim, drawing an axis A, translating the axis A along the axial direction to two sides by equal distances to form a web thickness S2 of a hub-web transition zone, and respectively drawing curves R1, R2 and R3, wherein R1 is tangential with an outer contour line of the hub, and R3 is tangential with an inner contour line of the hub;
step 4, drawing a rim outer contour line of the rim and connecting the rim outer contour line with an outer rim surface; drawing a rim inner contour line of the rim and connecting the rim inner contour line with the inner rim surface; an included angle phi 3 is formed between the outer contour line of the rim and the surface of the outer rim, and an included angle phi 4 is formed between the inner contour line of the rim and the surface of the inner rim;
step 5, designing the area of the web close to the rim: determining a circle center C by using the positioning axial dimension X3 of the inner rim surface of the rim and the radial translation dimension X2 of the intersection point of the inner contour line of the rim and the inner rim surface, and drawing a radius R6 and a radius R5 by using the C as the circle center, wherein the radius R5 is the radius of R6 = S2 thickness;
step 6, designing a rim-web transition area: drawing an arc R7 which is tangential with the R5 and the rim outer contour line between the R5 and the rim outer contour line; drawing an arc R8 which is tangential with the R6 and the inner contour line of the rim between the R6 and the inner contour line of the rim;
step 7, drawing an arc R4 tangential to R2 and R5 between R2 and R5; drawing an arc R9 tangential to R3 and R6 simultaneously between R3 and R6;
step 8, designing a Y axis as an axisymmetric line of the wheel set, which is also called a vertical line;
step 9, designing the horizontal distance between the inner rim surface of the wheel and the Y axis as L1;
step 10, designing the horizontal distance between the inner rim surface of the wheel and the axle end area of the axle to be L4;
step 11, designing the horizontal distance from the outer hub surface of the wheel to the leading cone at the tail end of the unloading groove of the axle dust-proof seat to be L3;
step 12, designing the horizontal distance from the inner hub surface of the wheel to the tail end of the axle wheel seat area to be L2;
step 13, designing the straight line distance from the wheel oil injection groove to the axle wheel seat area as H1;
step 14, designing an arc of an initial part of the wheel oil injection groove as R9;
step 15, designing an arc at the tail end part of the wheel oil injection groove as R11;
step 16, designing a transition arc between an arc R9 of an initial part and an arc R11 of a tail part of the wheel oil injection groove as R10;
step 17, designing uniform distribution angles between two adjacent screw holes of the shaft end area of the shaft to be 1= 2;
step 18, designing uniformly distributed pitch circle diameters phi 2 between two adjacent threaded holes of the axle shaft end threaded holes in the axle shaft end region;
step 19, designing the opening diameter of an axle center hole cone protector of an axle shaft end area to be phi 1;
step 20, designing an opening angle of an axle center hole protection cone of an axle shaft end area to be 3;
step 21, designing the depth of an axle center hole cone protector of an axle shaft end area to be L7;
step 22, designing the depth of a bottom hole of an axle center hole of an axle shaft end area to be L8, wherein the opening angle of the center hole is 4;
step 23, designing an initial transition arc of an axle journal unloading groove region as R12;
step 24, designing the depth H2 of an axle spindle linear region and an initial transition circular arc R12 of an axle spindle unloading groove region;
step 25, designing the length of an axle spindle unloading groove area to be L5;
step 26, designing the transition circular arc at the tail end of the axle spindle unloading groove area as R13;
step 27, designing a transitional arc between the tail end of an axle journal unloading groove region and an axle dust-proof seat linear region as R14;
step 28, designing a transition arc of an unloading groove area of the axle dustproof seat as R15;
step 29, designing the tail end transition cone length of the unloading groove area of the axle dust-proof seat to be L6;
and 30, designing the depth H3 between the transition circular arc of the unloading groove area of the axle dustproof seat and the straight line area of the axle dustproof seat.
Preferably: in the step 2, the included angle phi 1 is more than or equal to 98 degrees, and the included angle phi 2 is more than or equal to 100 degrees; in the step 3, the radius of R1 is more than or equal to the radius of R2 is more than or equal to 30mm, the radius of R3 is more than or equal to 30mm, S2 is more than or equal to 30mm, and the size of X1 is more than or equal to 45; in the step 4, the included angle phi 3 is more than or equal to 96 degrees, and the included angle phi 4 is more than or equal to 96 degrees; in the step 5, the radius of R5 is more than or equal to 90mm, the radius of R6 is more than or equal to 60mm, the thickness of S2 is more than or equal to 18mm, and the thickness of X2 is more than or equal to 30mm; in the step 6, the radius of R7 is more than or equal to 25mm, and the radius of R8 is more than or equal to 25mm; in the step 7, the radius of R9 is more than or equal to the radius of R4 and more than or equal to 100mm.
Preferably: in the step 2, the included angle phi 1 is more than or equal to 90 degrees, and the included angle phi 2 is more than or equal to 90 degrees; in the step 3, the radius of R1 is more than or equal to the radius of R2 is more than or equal to 30mm, the radius of R3 is more than or equal to 30mm, S2 is more than or equal to 30mm, and the size of X1 is more than or equal to 40; in the step 4, the included angle phi 3 is more than or equal to 90 degrees, and the included angle phi 4 is more than or equal to 90 degrees; in the step 5, the radius of R5 is more than or equal to 90mm, the radius of R6 is more than or equal to 60mm, the thickness of S2 is more than or equal to 18mm, and the thickness of X2 is more than or equal to 30mm; in the step 6, the radius of R7 is more than or equal to 25mm, and the radius of R8 is more than or equal to 25mm; in the step 7, the radius of R9 is more than or equal to the radius of R4 and more than or equal to 100mm.
Preferably: in the step 9, the horizontal distance l1=676 to 677mm; in the step 10, the horizontal distance l4=403 to 404mm; in the step 11, the horizontal distance l3=8 to 9mm; in the step 12, the horizontal distance l2=8 to 9mm; in the step 13, the depth h1=0.5 to 0.7mm; in the step 14, the radius of the circular arc r9=5mm; in the step 15, the radius r11=10mm; in the step 16, the radius of the circular arc r10=5mm; in the step 17, the angle +.1= +.2= 120 °; in said step 18, the diameter Φ2=100 mm; in the step 19, the diameter phi 2=21.4-23.4 mm; in the step 20, the angle is & lt 3 & gt=120°; in the step 21, the depth l7=2mm; in the step 22, the angle is 4=60°; in the step 23, the radius of the circular arc r12=15 mm; in the step 24, the depth h2=0 to 0.02mm; in step 25, the length l5=20 mm; in the step 26, the radius of the circular arc r13=3 mm; in the step 27, the radius r14=3 mm; in the step 28, the radius of the circular arc r15=15 mm; in the step 29, the length l6=28 to 32mm; in the step 30, the depth h3=0 to 0.02mm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the lightweight heavy-duty wheel set is easy to manufacture, and redesign and optimization of the shape of the wheel disc are carried out on the inclined wheel disc used by the existing heavy-duty wheel set, so that the unsprung weight of the wheel set is reduced on the premise of meeting the requirement of vehicle use, the dynamic performance of the vehicle is improved, meanwhile, the purchasing cost of the wheel set can be reduced, the abrasion of wheel rails is reduced, the running cost of the wheel set is reduced, and the balance of the performance and the practical economy is achieved.
Drawings
The contents and the marks in the drawings expressed in the drawings of the present specification are briefly described as follows:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of a wheel structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a wheel set structure according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the inner end of the oil sump of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the axle structure of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is an enlarged schematic view of the journal relief slot of fig. 4.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged schematic view of the dirt cup relief groove of FIG. 4.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the shaft end structure of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the shaft end center hole structure of the present invention.
In the figure:
1-a hub; 2-webs; 3-rim; 4-tread; 5-an oil injection groove; 6-an oil groove; 7-an inner hub surface; 8-an outer hub surface; 9-inner rim surface; 10-outer rim surface; 11-hub outer contour line; 12-hub inner contour line; 13-rim outer contour line; 14-rim inner contour line; 15-axle shaft end region; 16-transition cone guiding of the axle end and the axle journal; 17-axle spindle straight line area; 18-axle spindle relief groove area; 19-an axle dust seat straight line area; 20-an unloading groove area of the axle dust-proof seat; 21-an axle wheel seat area; 22-a transitional arc area between the axle wheel seat and the axle body; 23-axle shaft area; 24-axle shaft end threaded holes; 25-axle center Kong Huzhui; 26-a bottom hole of the axle center hole;
a: a hub-web transition axis; b: the connecting line of the circle center of R1 and the circle center of R2; c: the circle centers of R5 and R6; r1 to R15: arc; Φ1 to Φ4: an included angle; s1, S2: the thickness of the web; f: the axial distance from the inner rim surface to the inner hub surface; l1-horizontal distance from the inner rim surface of the wheel set to the vertical central line of the axle; l2-wheel set wheel is suspended in a protruding way; the L3-wheel set wheel is outwards suspended; l4 is the horizontal distance from the inner rim surface of the wheel set to the end surface of the axle; l5-the length of the unloading groove of the axle spindle; l6-the length of the axle wheel seat cone; l7-the length of the protecting cone of the axle center hole; l8-bottom hole depth of axle center hole; angle 1 to angle 2 are uniformly distributed on the threaded holes of the axle; angle 3-opening angle of the axle center hole cone protector; angle 4-opening angle of the axle center hole; phi 1-diameter of the axle center hole cone; phi 2-pitch diameter of the axle threaded hole.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention refers to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate in further detail.
As shown in fig. 1 to 8, the whole wheel of the railway wagon comprises a wheel hub 1, a wheel disc 2, a wheel rim 3 and a tread 4, wherein the wheel disc 2 is of a bent structure, one end of the wheel disc 2 is connected with the wheel hub 1, the other end of the wheel disc 2 is connected with the wheel rim 3, and the wheel rim 3 is provided with a wheel rim 14 and the tread 4 at one end far away from the wheel disc 2.
Axially, the rim-web transition is located outboard of the hub-web transition. The included angle between the hub outer contour line 11 of the outer diameter surface of the hub 1 and the hub outer surface 8 of the tyre is phi 1, and phi 1 is more than or equal to 98 degrees. The included angle between the hub inner contour line 12 of the outer diameter surface of the hub 1 and the hub inner surface 7 of the tyre is phi 2, wherein phi 2 is more than or equal to 100 degrees. The included angle between the rim outer contour line 13 of the rim inner diameter surface and the rim outer rim surface 10 is phi 3, wherein phi 3 is more than or equal to 96 degrees. The included angle between the rim inner contour line 14 of the rim inner diameter surface and the rim inner rim surface 9 is phi 4, wherein phi 4 is more than or equal to 96 degrees. In the axial direction, the rim inner rim surface 9 is positioned on the outer side of the hub inner hub surface 7, and the distance F between the inner hub surface 7 and the inner rim surface 9 is more than or equal to 35mm.
The web 2 comprises a hub-web transition between the hub 1 and the web body 2, a web body and a rim-web transition between the rim 3 and the web body. The hub-web transition area and the rim-web transition area are both arc structures.
The hub-spoke plate transition zone comprises arc curves R1 and R2, the arc curve R1 is connected to the outer side of an axis A of the hub-spoke plate transition zone, the arc curve R3 is connected to the inner side of the axis A of the hub-spoke plate transition zone, and the arc directions of the arc curves R1 and R2 are the same and opposite to the arc direction of R3. The hub-web transition is axially positioned by axis a.
The rim-web transition zone comprises arc curves R7 and R8, the arc curve R7 is positioned on the outer side of the rim-web transition zone, the arc curve R8 is positioned on the inner side of the rim-web transition zone, and the radian direction of the arc curve R7 is opposite to the radian direction of the arc curve R8.
The thickness of the web 2 gradually becomes thinner from the web hub joint to the web rim joint, the thickness of the hub-web transition zone is S2-20 mm, the thickness of the rim-web transition zone is S1-18 m, and S2 is more than S1. The arcs R5 and R6 constituting the S1 contour are concentric. According to the application requirement, the outside of the hub 1 can be provided with an oil filling hole 5, the inner hole surface of the hub 1 is provided with an oil guiding groove 6, one end of the oil filling hole 5 is communicated with the oil guiding groove 6, and the oil guiding groove 6 is an annular oil guiding groove. When the vehicle wheel is particularly used, the oil cup can be directly screwed into the oil filling hole 5 and filled with oil, and the oil enters the oil guide groove 6, so that the vehicle wheel is detached from the vehicle axle.
The invention relates to a light heavy-duty wheel set for a working condition vehicle, which mainly comprises an axle and wheels, wherein the axle is of a cylindrical structure and comprises an axle shaft end area 15, an axle shaft axle neck straight line area 17, an axle dust-proof seat straight line area 19, an axle wheel seat area 21 and an axle shaft body area 23; the axle shaft end area 15 is connected with the axle shaft neck straight area 17 through a transition guiding cone 16, the axle shaft neck straight area 17 and the axle dust-proof seat straight area 19 are provided with a shaft neck unloading groove 18, a dust-proof seat unloading groove 20 is arranged between the axle dust-proof seat straight area 19 and the axle wheel seat area 21, and the axle wheel seat area 21 and the axle shaft body area 23 are provided with a transition circular arc 22 in smooth transition.
An oil injection groove 5 is arranged between the axle wheel seat area 21 and the wheels, the oil injection groove 5 comprises three sections of circular arcs R9, R10 and R11, wherein R9 = R11 = 5mm, R10 = 10mm, the circular arcs R10, R9 and R11 are all in circumscribed connection, the straight line distance from the highest point of the circular arc R10 to the axle wheel seat area 21 is H1 = 0.5-0.7 mm, and the whole oil injection groove 5 is distributed in a ring shape and in the wheel hub hole surface.
Axle shaft end region 15 includes an axle shaft end threaded bore 24, an axle central bore protection cone 25 and an axle central bore bottom bore 26; the shaft end threaded holes 24 are uniformly distributed in the shaft end region 15, the angle between every two adjacent shaft end threaded holes 24 is 1 = < 2=120°, and the pitch circle diameter of the uniform distribution of the three shaft end threaded holes 24 is phi 2=100 mm.
Axle shaft end region 15 includes an axle shaft end threaded bore 24, an axle central bore protection cone 25 and an axle central bore bottom bore 26; the axle center hole protection cone 25 and the axle center hole bottom hole 26 are of counter bored structures, the opening diameter phi 1 = 21.4 mm-23.4 mm of the center hole protection cone 25, the depth L7 = 2mm, and the opening angle phi 3 = 120 degrees; the opening angle of the central hole is 4=60°, and the depth L8 of the bottom hole 26 of the axle central hole is 22mm;
the axle spindle relief groove 18 includes circular arcs R12, R13, and R14, a height difference h2=0 to 0.02mm between the axle spindle straight line regions 17 and R12, and a length L5 of the axle spindle relief groove 18, where r12=15 mm and r13=3 mm are straight line connections, and r14=3 mm is a transitional circular arc between the axle spindle relief groove 18 and the axle dust seat straight line region 19.
The axle dust-proof seat unloading groove 20 comprises an arc R15, a height difference H3=0-0.02 mm between the axle dust-proof seat linear areas 19 and R15, and a transition cone with the length of L6=28-32 mm is arranged between R15=15 mm and the axle wheel seat area 21.
The axle wheel seat area 21 and the axle body area 23 are provided with a smooth transition arc 22, the diameter of which is 150mm, and the whole structure is axisymmetrically distributed.
Preferably, in the light heavy-duty wheel set for the working condition vehicle, the horizontal distance l4=403 mm-404 mm from the inner rim surface 9 to the axle end region 15 is between l1=676-677 from the inner rim surface 9 to the axle vertical center line, the horizontal distance from the outer hub surface 8 to the leading cone L6 at the tail end of the axle dust seat unloading groove 20 is l3=8-9 mm, and the horizontal distance from the inner hub surface 7 to the tail end of the axle wheel seat region 21 is l2=8-9 mm.
Based on the lightweight heavy-duty wheel set, the invention also relates to a design method of the lightweight heavy-duty wheel set, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, auxiliary line setting: the X-axis is the wheel rotation axis, also referred to as the axial direction. The Y axis indicates the radial direction perpendicular to the X axis, the direction indicated by the arrow of the X axis is the outer side, and the opposite direction of the arrow of the X axis is the inner side; the axis of the hub-web transition zone 4 is a.
And 2, drawing a hub outer contour line 11 of the hub 1 to be connected with the outer hub surface 8. Drawing a hub inner contour line 12 of the hub 1 and connecting the inner hub surface 7; the hub outer contour forms an angle Φ1 with the outer hub surface 8, and the hub inner contour 12 forms an angle Φ2 with the inner hub surface 7.
Step 3, designing a hub-web transition region: and positioning an axial dimension X1 by using the inner rim surface of the rim, drawing an axis A, translating the axis A along the axial direction to two sides by equal distances to form a web thickness S2 of a hub-web transition zone, and respectively drawing curves R1, R2 and R3, wherein R1 is tangential with 11, and R3 is tangential with 12.
Step 4, drawing a rim outer contour line 13 of the rim 3 and connecting the rim outer contour line with the outer rim surface 10; drawing a rim inner contour line 14 of the rim 3 and connecting the inner rim surface 9; the rim outer contour line 13 forms an angle Φ3 with the outer rim surface 10, and the rim inner contour line 14 forms an angle Φ4 with the inner rim surface 9.
Step 5, designing the area of the web close to the rim: determining a circle center C by using the positioning axial dimension X3 of the inner rim surface of the rim and the radial translation dimension X2 of the intersection point of the 14 and the 9; and drawing a radius R6 and a radius R5 by taking C as a circle center. R5 radius-R6 radius = S2 thickness.
Step 6, designing a rim-web transition area: drawing an arc R7 which is tangential to the R5 and the rim outer contour line 13 at the same time between the R5 and the rim outer contour line 13; between R6 and rim inner contour line 14, arc R8 is drawn which is tangential to both R6 and rim inner contour line 14.
Step 7, drawing an arc R4 tangential to R2 and R5 between R2 and R5; between R3 and R6, an arc R9 is drawn that is tangential to both R3 and R6.
Further, in the step 2, the included angle phi 1 is more than or equal to 98 degrees, and the included angle phi 2 is more than or equal to 100 degrees
Further, in the step 3, the radius of R1 is more than or equal to the radius of R2 is more than or equal to 30mm, the radius of R3 is more than or equal to 30mm, the radius of S2 is more than or equal to 30mm, and the size of X1 is more than or equal to 45
Further, in the step 4, the included angle phi 3 is more than or equal to 96 degrees, and the included angle phi 4 is more than or equal to 96 degrees
Further, in the step 5, the radius of R5 is more than or equal to 90mm, the radius of R6 is more than or equal to 60mm, the thickness of S2 is more than or equal to 18mm, and the thickness of X2 is more than or equal to 30mm.
Further, in the step 6, the radius of R7 is more than or equal to 25mm, and the radius of R8 is more than or equal to 25mm.
Further, in the step 7, the radius of R9 is more than or equal to the radius of R4 is more than or equal to 100mm.
Further, depending on the correlation dimensions, a curve R9 tangential to R6 may be drawn from the offset line of R6 and a toward the inside in the axial direction, and a curve R3 tangential to both R9 and the in-wheel contour 12 may be drawn between R9 and the in-wheel contour 12.
And 8, designing the Y axis as an axisymmetric line of the wheel set, which is also called a vertical line.
Step 9. The horizontal distance between the inner rim surface 9 of the wheel and the Y axis (the vertical center line of the axle) is designed to be L1.
Step 10. The horizontal distance of the wheel inner rim surface 9 from the axle end region 15 is designed to be L4.
And 11, designing the horizontal distance from the outer hub surface 8 of the wheel to the leading cone at the tail end of the unloading groove 20 of the axle dust-proof seat to be L3.
Step 12. Design the horizontal distance L2 of the inboard hub surface 7 to the end of the axle wheel seating area 21.
Step 13. The straight line distance from the wheel filler neck 5 to the axle wheel seat area 21 is designed to be H1.
And 14, designing the circular arc of the starting part of the wheel oil injection groove 5 as R9.
And 15, designing the arc of the tail end part of the wheel oil injection groove 5 as R11.
And step 16, designing a transition arc R10 between the arc R9 of the starting part and the arc R11 of the tail part of the wheel oil injection groove 5.
Step 17, designing an even distribution angle between two adjacent screw holes of the axle shaft end screw holes 24 of the axle shaft end area 15 to be 1= 2.
Step 18. Designing the uniformly distributed pitch circle diameter between two adjacent screw holes of the axle shaft end screw holes 24 of the axle shaft end region 15 to be phi 2.
Step 19. The opening diameter of the axle center hole protection cone 25 of the axle shaft end region 15 is designed to be phi 1.
Step 20, designing an opening angle of an axle center hole protection cone 25 of the axle shaft end area 15 to be 3.
Step 21. The depth of the axle center hole cone 25 of the axle shaft end region 15 is designed to be L7.
Step 22, designing the depth of an axle center hole bottom hole 26 of the axle shaft end area 15 to be L8, and designing the opening angle of the center hole to be 4.
Step 23, designing the initial transition arc of the axle spindle unloading groove region 18 as R12.
Step 24. The depth of the axle spindle linear region 17 and the initial transition arc R12 of the axle spindle relief groove region 18 is designed to be H2.
Step 25. Design axle spindle relief groove region 18 length L5.
And 26, designing the end transition arc of the axle spindle unloading groove region 18 to be R13.
Step 27, designing a transitional arc R14 between the tail end of the axle shaft unloading groove area 18 and the axle dust-proof seat linear area 19.
And step 28, designing a transition circular arc of the axle dust-proof seat unloading groove area 20 as R15.
And 29, designing the tail end transition cone length of the unloading groove area 20 of the axle dust-proof seat to be L6.
Step 30, designing the depth H3 between the transition circular arc of the axle dust-proof seat unloading groove area 20 and the axle dust-proof seat straight line area 19.
Further, in the step 2, the included angle phi 1 is more than or equal to 90 degrees, and the included angle phi 2 is more than or equal to 90 degrees
Further, in the step 3, the radius of R1 is more than or equal to the radius of R2 is more than or equal to 30mm, the radius of R3 is more than or equal to 30mm, the radius of S2 is more than or equal to 30mm, and the size of X1 is more than or equal to 40
Further, in the step 4, the included angle phi 3 is more than or equal to 90 degrees, and the included angle phi 4 is more than or equal to 90 degrees
Further, in the step 5, the radius of R5 is more than or equal to 90mm, the radius of R6 is more than or equal to 60mm, the thickness of S2 is more than or equal to 18mm, and the thickness of X2 is more than or equal to 30mm.
Further, in the step 6, the radius of R7 is more than or equal to 25mm, and the radius of R8 is more than or equal to 25mm.
Further, in the step 7, the radius of R9 is more than or equal to the radius of R4 is more than or equal to 100mm.
Further, depending on the correlation dimensions, a curve R9 tangential to R6 may be drawn from the offset line of R6 and a toward the inside in the axial direction, and a curve R3 tangential to both R9 and the in-wheel contour 12 may be drawn between R9 and the in-wheel contour 12.
Further, in the step 9, the horizontal distance l1=676 to 677mm.
Further, in the step 10, the horizontal distance l4=403 to 404mm.
Further, in the step 11, the horizontal distance l3=8 to 9mm.
Further, in the step 12, the horizontal distance l2=8 to 9mm.
Further, in the step 13, the depth h1=0.5 to 0.7mm.
Further, in the step 14, the radius r9=5 mm.
Further, in the step 15, the radius r11=10 mm.
Further, in the step 16, the radius r10=5 mm.
Further, in the step 17, the angle +.1= = 2 = 120 °.
Further, in the step 18, the diameter Φ2=100 mm.
Further, in the step 19, the diameter Φ2=21.4 to 23.4mm.
Further, in the step 20, the angle +.3=120°.
Further, in the step 21, the depth l7=2 mm.
Further, in the step 22, the angle is 4=60°.
Further, in the step 23, the radius r12=15 mm.
Further, in the step 24, the depth h2=0 to 0.02mm.
Further, in the step 25, the length l5=20 mm.
Further, in the step 26, the radius r13=3 mm.
Further, in the step 27, the radius r14=3 mm.
Further, in the step 28, the radius r15=15 mm.
Further, in the step 29, the length l6=28 to 32mm.
Further, in the step 30, the depth h3=0 to 0.02mm.
The invention aims to provide a light-weight heavy-duty wheel set for a working condition vehicle, which is easy to manufacture and improves the loading efficiency of the vehicle by reducing the design of the wheel set. According to the invention, through redesigning and optimizing the shape of the wheel disc of the inclined wheel disc used by the existing heavy-load wheel set, on the premise of meeting the requirement of vehicle use, the unsprung mass of the wheel set is reduced, the dynamic performance of the vehicle is improved, meanwhile, the purchasing cost of the wheel set can be reduced, the abrasion of wheel tracks is reduced, the running cost of the wheel set is reduced, and the balance between the performance and the practical economy is achieved.
The mechanical strength checking result of the wheel set designed by the invention meets the relevant regulations of the UIC 510-5 standard and the EN 13979-1 standard, and the strength checking result of the axle meets the relevant regulations of the EN13103-1 standard. Taking a heavy-duty cargo wheel set with a rolling circle diameter of phi 760mm as an example, the outer diameter of a wheel of a newly manufactured wheel set is phi 760mm, the outer diameter of a scrapped wheel of the wheel set is phi 742mm, the axle weight can reach 50t, and the maximum fatigue strength of the wheel set designed by the invention is 336MPa, which is less than the threshold value 360MPa specified by the UIC 510-5 standard and the EN 13979-1 standard; the maximum static strength is 288MPa, which is smaller than 355MPa of threshold values defined by UIC 510-5 standard and EN 13979-1 standard, the safety coefficient of each calculated section of the axle is larger than 1.22, and is higher than the requirement of minimum safety coefficient 1 defined by EN13103-1 standard.
The lightweight heavy-duty wheel set designed by the invention is subjected to trial production, the real weight of a trial production product is 1120kg, the weight of an existing product is 1186kg, and the weight is reduced by 66kg.
The wheel set can be applied to heavy-duty vehicles, is suitable for tread braking, and is easy for mass production; the invention develops a heavy-load wheel set which is suitable for the light weight of working condition vehicles, easy for mass production, bent in the wheel web structure and larger in axle weight from the perspective of large unsprung mass and low mechanical property of the existing torpedo tank wheel set for working conditions through redesigning and optimizing the wheel web structure. Under the premise of ensuring that the wheel has reasonable strength and rigidity and the requirements of the UIC 510-5 and EN 13979-1 standards, the wheel structure is redesigned, the transportation efficiency of the vehicle is improved, and the transportation cost is saved.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the above-described technical features may be arbitrarily combined to form a plurality of embodiments of the present invention.
While the invention has been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, it will be apparent that the invention is not limited to the above embodiments, but is capable of being modified or applied to other applications without any modification, as long as the inventive concept and technical scheme are adopted.

Claims (1)

1. A design method of a lightweight heavy-duty wheel set is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the lightweight heavy-duty wheel set comprises an axle and wheels arranged on the axle, and the axle is of a cylindrical structure; each end of the axle comprises an axle end area, an axle shaft journal linear area, an axle dust-proof seat linear area, an axle wheel seat area and an axle shaft body area; the wheel comprises a wheel hub, a wheel disc and a wheel rim, wherein the wheel disc is of a bent structure, one end of the wheel disc is connected with the wheel hub, the other end of the wheel disc is connected with the wheel rim, and the wheel rim is provided with a tread and a wheel rim at one end far away from the wheel disc; the web includes a hub-web transition region, a web body, and a rim-web transition region; the wheel is arranged on the axle wheel seat area, and is characterized in that: the rim-web transition zone is located axially outboard of the hub-web transition zone; the hub-web transition zone is located between the hub and the web body, and the rim-web transition zone is located between the rim and the web body; the spoke main body is of a bending structure, and the spoke is respectively connected with the rim and the hub through circular arcs;
the axle end area is connected with the axle shaft neck linear area through a transition guide cone; the axle journal linear region and the axle dustproof seat linear region are provided with journal unloading grooves; a dust-proof seat unloading groove is arranged between the straight line area of the axle dust-proof seat and the axle wheel seat area; the axle wheel seat area and the axle body area are provided with a smooth transition arc;
the included angle between the outer side contour line of the hub outer diameter surface and the outer side surface of the wheel rim is more than or equal to 98 degrees, the included angle between the inner side contour line of the hub outer diameter surface and the inner side surface of the wheel rim is more than or equal to 100 degrees, the included angle between the outer side contour line of the rim inner diameter surface and the outer side surface of the rim is more than or equal to 96 degrees, and the included angle between the inner side contour line of the rim inner diameter surface and the inner side surface of the rim is more than or equal to 96 degrees; in the axial direction, the inner side surface of the rim is positioned at the outer side of the inner side surface of the hub, and the distance between the inner side surface of the rim and the inner side surface of the hub is more than or equal to 35mm;
the design method comprises the following steps:
step 1, auxiliary line setting: the X-axis is the wheel rotation axis, also referred to as the axial direction; the Y axis indicates the radial direction perpendicular to the X axis, the direction indicated by the arrow of the X axis is the outer side, and the opposite direction of the arrow of the X axis is the inner side; the axis of the hub-web transition zone is A;
step 2, drawing a hub outer contour line of the hub and connecting the hub outer contour line with an outer hub surface; drawing a hub inner contour line of the hub and connecting the hub inner contour line with an inner hub surface; an included angle phi 1 is formed between the outer hub contour line and the outer hub surface, and an included angle phi 2 is formed between the inner hub contour line and the inner hub surface;
step 3, designing a hub-web transition region: positioning an axial dimension X1 by using an inner rim surface of a rim, drawing an axis A, translating the axis A along the axial direction to two sides by equal distances to form a web thickness S2 of a hub-web transition zone, and respectively drawing curves R1, R2 and R3, wherein R1 is tangential with an outer contour line of the hub, and R3 is tangential with an inner contour line of the hub;
step 4, drawing a rim outer contour line of the rim and connecting the rim outer contour line with an outer rim surface; drawing a rim inner contour line of the rim and connecting the rim inner contour line with the inner rim surface; an included angle phi 3 is formed between the outer contour line of the rim and the surface of the outer rim, and an included angle phi 4 is formed between the inner contour line of the rim and the surface of the inner rim;
step 5, designing the area of the web close to the rim: determining a circle center C by using the positioning axial dimension X3 of the inner rim surface of the rim and the radial translation dimension X2 of the intersection point of the inner contour line of the rim and the inner rim surface, and drawing a radius R6 and a radius R5 by using the C as the circle center, wherein the radius R5 is the radius of R6 = S2 thickness;
step 6, designing a rim-web transition area: drawing an arc R7 which is tangential with the R5 and the rim outer contour line between the R5 and the rim outer contour line; drawing an arc R8 which is tangential with the R6 and the inner contour line of the rim between the R6 and the inner contour line of the rim;
step 7, drawing an arc R4 tangential to R2 and R5 between R2 and R5; drawing an arc R9 tangential to R3 and R6 simultaneously between R3 and R6;
step 8, designing a Y axis as an axisymmetric line of the wheel set, which is also called a vertical line;
step 9, designing the horizontal distance between the inner rim surface of the wheel and the Y axis as L1;
step 10, designing the horizontal distance between the inner rim surface of the wheel and the axle end area of the axle to be L4;
step 11, designing the horizontal distance from the outer hub surface of the wheel to the leading cone at the tail end of the unloading groove of the axle dust-proof seat to be L3;
step 12, designing the horizontal distance from the inner hub surface of the wheel to the tail end of the axle wheel seat area to be L2;
step 13, designing the straight line distance from the wheel oil injection groove to the axle wheel seat area as H1;
step 14, designing an arc of an initial part of the wheel oil injection groove as R9;
step 15, designing an arc at the tail end part of the wheel oil injection groove as R11;
step 16, designing a transition arc between an arc R9 of an initial part and an arc R11 of a tail part of the wheel oil injection groove as R10;
step 17, designing uniform distribution angles between two adjacent screw holes of the shaft end area of the shaft to be 1= 2;
step 18, designing uniformly distributed pitch circle diameters phi 2 between two adjacent threaded holes of the axle shaft end threaded holes in the axle shaft end region;
step 19, designing the opening diameter of an axle center hole cone protector of an axle shaft end area to be phi 1;
step 20, designing an opening angle of an axle center hole protection cone of an axle shaft end area to be 3;
step 21, designing the depth of an axle center hole cone protector of an axle shaft end area to be L7;
step 22, designing the depth of a bottom hole of an axle center hole of an axle shaft end area to be L8, wherein the opening angle of the center hole is 4;
step 23, designing an initial transition arc of an axle journal unloading groove region as R12;
step 24, designing the depth H2 of an axle spindle linear region and an initial transition circular arc R12 of an axle spindle unloading groove region;
step 25, designing the length of an axle spindle unloading groove area to be L5;
step 26, designing the transition circular arc at the tail end of the axle spindle unloading groove area as R13;
step 27, designing a transitional arc between the tail end of an axle journal unloading groove region and an axle dust-proof seat linear region as R14;
step 28, designing a transition arc of an unloading groove area of the axle dustproof seat as R15;
step 29, designing the tail end transition cone length of the unloading groove area of the axle dust-proof seat to be L6;
step 30, designing the depth between a transition arc of an unloading groove area of the axle dustproof seat and a straight line area of the axle dustproof seat to be H3;
wherein,
in the step 2, the included angle phi 1 is more than or equal to 98 degrees, and the included angle phi 2 is more than or equal to 100 degrees; in the step 3, the radius of R1 is more than or equal to the radius of R2 is more than or equal to 30mm, the radius of R3 is more than or equal to 30mm, S2 is more than or equal to 30mm, and the size of X1 is more than or equal to 45; in the step 4, the included angle phi 3 is more than or equal to 96 degrees, and the included angle phi 4 is more than or equal to 96 degrees; in the step 5, the radius of R5 is more than or equal to 90mm, the radius of R6 is more than or equal to 60mm, the thickness of S2 is more than or equal to 18mm, and the thickness of X2 is more than or equal to 30mm; in the step 6, the radius of R7 is more than or equal to 25mm, and the radius of R8 is more than or equal to 25mm; in the step 7, the radius of R9 is more than or equal to the radius of R4 and more than or equal to 100mm; or in the step 2, the included angle phi 1 is more than or equal to 90 degrees, and the included angle phi 2 is more than or equal to 90 degrees; in the step 3, the radius of R1 is more than or equal to the radius of R2 is more than or equal to 30mm, the radius of R3 is more than or equal to 30mm, S2 is more than or equal to 30mm, and the size of X1 is more than or equal to 40; in the step 4, the included angle phi 3 is more than or equal to 90 degrees, and the included angle phi 4 is more than or equal to 90 degrees; in the step 5, the radius of R5 is more than or equal to 90mm, the radius of R6 is more than or equal to 60mm, the thickness of S2 is more than or equal to 18mm, and the thickness of X2 is more than or equal to 30mm; in the step 6, the radius of R7 is more than or equal to 25mm, and the radius of R8 is more than or equal to 25mm; in the step 7, the radius of R9 is more than or equal to the radius of R4 and more than or equal to 100mm;
in the step 9, the horizontal distance l1=676 to 677mm; in the step 10, the horizontal distance l4=403 to 404mm; in the step 11, the horizontal distance l3=8 to 9mm; in the step 12, the horizontal distance l2=8 to 9mm; in the step 13, the depth h1=0.5 to 0.7mm; in the step 14, the radius of the circular arc r9=5mm; in the step 15, the radius r11=10mm; in the step 16, the radius of the circular arc r10=5mm; in the step 17, the angle +.1= +.2= 120 °; in said step 18, the diameter Φ2=100 mm; in the step 19, the diameter phi 2=21.4-23.4 mm; in the step 20, the angle is & lt 3 & gt=120°; in the step 21, the depth l7=2mm; in the step 22, the angle is 4=60°; in the step 23, the radius of the circular arc r12=15 mm; in the step 24, the depth h2=0 to 0.02mm; in step 25, the length l5=20 mm; in the step 26, the radius of the circular arc r13=3 mm; in the step 27, the radius r14=3 mm; in the step 28, the radius of the circular arc r15=15 mm; in the step 29, the length l6=28 to 32mm; in the step 30, the depth h3=0 to 0.02mm.
CN202210247611.0A 2022-03-14 2022-03-14 Lightweight heavy-duty wheel set and design method thereof Active CN114523803B (en)

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