CN114522230A - 一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及杀菌方法技术领域，具体的说是一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法，包括以下步骤：a.针对创面、组织、器官、黏膜感染等问题，包括如下步骤:①p‑TQ的预脱毒，p‑TQ应用在感染性病灶之前，给与400nm～495nm的蓝光0min～20min的短暂照射，设定蓝光功率范围在10mW/cm2～100mW/cm2，即可去除p‑TQ造成的细胞毒性，又能保留杀菌能力；②将脱毒后的p‑TQ产物均匀涂抹或喷洒于感染性病灶，同时给与蓝光连续照射，可快速消灭细菌，清除感染；③蓝光照射停止后，p‑TQ产物同样保持杀菌、抑菌性能，可有效防止感染性病灶的复发。b.针对环境污染，可将p‑TQ制作成喷雾状，均匀喷施污染的环境，同时将蓝光LED打开，即可清除环境内有害细菌。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及杀菌方法技术领域，具体的说是一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法。
背景技术
临床上利用蓝光光辐射作用，有效解决面部痤疮和新生儿黄疸问题，表明其具有良好的生物安全性。近年来，科学家开始尝试将蓝光应用于治疗鲍曼不动杆菌、绿脓杆菌、大肠杆菌和幽门螺杆菌等细菌性感染疾病。但上述疾病的治疗，主要依赖于细菌内源卟啉含量，依靠蓝光激发细菌内源卟啉产生ROS进行杀菌。然而，当细菌内源卟啉含量过低时，其杀菌效率显著降低。此外，当蓝光停止光照时，杀菌作用亦消失，若治疗不彻底，感染极易复发。
另外一种基于光动力(Photodynamic therapy，PDT)的感染治疗疗法，主要添加外源光敏剂，其原理为，通过光照射激发外源光敏剂，在氧气参与下，产生各种含氧自由基(Reactive Oxygen Species，ROS)，从而起到杀菌作用。蓝光、光敏剂联合杀菌技术的缺点为杀菌作用无选择性，对哺乳动物细胞具有光毒性；停止光照后光敏剂激发也会停止，杀菌作用亦停止，造成感染反复；价格昂贵，临床治疗一个疗程需几千至上万元。
最后，化合物对苯醌本身具有哺乳动物细胞毒性，且在可见光范围内极不稳定，易发生光解反应，影响了其广泛应用。同时，尚未有关于其杀菌活性，尤其与蓝光联合协同抗菌方面的相关报道。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的问题，本发明提供了一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是：一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法，(如权利要求)。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明所述的一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法，该方法具有优越的杀菌广谱性，不仅消灭临床致病菌造成的人体皮肤与软组织感染、器官感染、黏膜感染等，而且对环境致病微生物同样具有显著效果。将二者联合使用时，可有效降低毒性化学物对苯醌的细胞毒性。此外，二者结合可产生大量具有抑菌、杀菌性能的醌类衍生物、各种自由基等,可在细菌感染部位稳定储存，有效防止疾病复发。同时，该联合杀菌技术在对致病菌进行连续钝化、培养时，不会产生耐药性。蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌技术可解决各种皮肤与软组织感染、胃感染、尿路感染、生殖系统感染、肺感染和环境污染等一系列问题。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1为本发明提供的一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法中蓝光(Blue light，BL)、对苯醌(p-TQ)及二者联合使用(BL+p-TQ)分别对“ESKAPE”菌(A，屎肠球菌；B，MRSA；C，肺炎克雷伯菌；D，鲍曼不动杆菌，E，铜绿假单胞菌；F，肠杆菌)、幽门螺杆菌(G)、奈瑟氏淋球菌(H)和大肠埃希氏菌(I)的体外抑菌活性的示意图；
图2为本发明提供的一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法中对蓝光(Blue light，BL)、对苯醌(p-TQ)及二者联合使用(BL+p-TQ)治疗鲍曼不动杆菌(A)、MRSA(B)和大肠埃希氏菌(C)造成的小鼠皮肤三度烧伤感染的效果评估示意图；
图3为本发明提供的一种蓝光(Blue light，BL)和对苯醌(p-TQ) 联合杀菌方法中株鲍曼不动杆菌(A和B)、MRSA(C和D)和大肠埃希氏菌(E和F)分别对亚致死剂量(钝化2～3log CFU/mL所使用的剂量)的 BL+p-TQ的耐药评估的示意图；
图4为本发明提供的一种蓝光(Blue light，BL)和对苯醌(p-TQ) 联合杀菌方法中BL辐照对p-TQ的脱毒作用的示意图；
图5为本发明提供的一种蓝光(Blue light，BL)和对苯醌(p-TQ) 联合杀菌方法中p-TQ经BL辐照后的光解产物、自由基及ROS检测的示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施方式，进一步阐述本发明。
本发明所述的一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法，包括以下步骤：(如权利要求)。
a.评价蓝光、对苯醌联合疗法的体外协同杀菌活性。
参照图1所示，本发明以临床常见的多重耐药菌“ESKAPE”(A-E)、幽门螺杆菌(G)、奈瑟式淋球菌(H)和大肠埃希氏菌(I)为例，分别比较了蓝光(BL)、对苯醌(p-TQ)单独使用，以及二者联合使用(BL+p-TQ)，对上述致病菌的体外协同杀菌作用。结果如下图所示：当BL和p-TQ分别单独使用时，在相应剂量下无任何抑菌性能。然而，当且仅当二者联合使用时，其抑菌效率明显提高，其中对肠球菌(图1A)、MRSA(图1B)、鲍曼不动杆菌(图1D)、铜绿假单胞菌(图1E)、幽门螺杆菌(图1G)和奈瑟式淋球菌(图1H)可实现完全钝化(＞7log CFU/mL下降)；对肺炎克雷伯菌(图1C)、肠杆菌(图1F)和大肠埃希氏菌(图1I)，其也有＞ 5log CFU/mL下降。本部分研究证实，BL+p-TQ联合使用时，针对多重耐药菌，表现出显著的协同钝化能力，且具有广谱杀菌性能。该研究也暗示BL+p-TQ协同杀菌技术具有广泛的应用场景，比如可应用于治疗皮肤与软组织感染、胃感染、尿路感染、生殖系统感染，以及环境复杂性感染等。
图1，BL组，辐照剂量20J/cm2(55mW/cm2,连续辐照6分钟)；p-TQ 组，使用浓度0.5mM；BL+p-TQ，二者联合使用，20J/cm2 BL+0.5mM p-TQ。
b.评估蓝光、对苯醌联合疗法对代表株(鲍曼不动杆菌、MRSA和大肠埃希氏菌)造成的小鼠创面感染模型的协同治疗效果。
参照图2所示，本发明选取了三个代表株，其中包括引起院内感染最常见的革兰氏阴性菌鲍曼不动杆菌(图2A)和革兰氏阳性菌MRSA(图2B)，以及造成尿路感染最常见的致病菌大肠埃希氏菌(图2C)，通过小鼠皮肤三度烧伤感染模型，验证了BL+p-TQ联合疗法的体内协同杀菌效果。
针对鲍曼不动杆菌，仅有BL+p-TQ组完全治愈了细菌感染，治疗后细菌负载量为0，且在治疗后第一天，细菌负载量同样为0，证明BL+p-TQ完全治愈鲍曼不动杆菌造成的小鼠皮肤烧伤感染，同时完全抑制细菌感染的复发现象(图2A)。然而，当BL和p-TQ分别单独使用时，其治疗后和治疗后第一天均有较高的细菌负载量(大于4log CFU per model)。表明 BL+p-TQ优越的协同杀菌作用，以及优越的抑制细菌复发性能(图2A)。
与鲍曼不动杆菌一致，BL+p-TQ在治疗MRSA引起的小鼠皮肤三度烧伤感染时，也表现出同样的协同杀菌作用(图2B)。BL+p-TQ组治疗后和治疗后第一天的细菌负载量均为0，而BL和p-TQ单独治疗组均有较高的细菌负载量，表明其优越的协同杀菌活性(图2B)。
为直观表示BL+p-TQ的协同杀菌作用，本发明使用了自发生物荧光菌株大肠埃希氏菌，可通过荧光强弱判断细菌负载量(图2C)。结果如下图所示：仅BL+p-TQ组在治疗后小鼠背部生物荧光完全消失，且在治疗后第一天仍未检测到荧光，暗示完全治愈了大肠埃希氏菌造成的皮肤烧伤感染。尽管p-TQ组和BL组在治疗后其生物荧光下降明显，但治疗后第一天出现荧光显著增强现象，表明BL和p-TQ单独使用组出现严重的感染复发现象。
综上，通过三种细菌的动物感染模型实验，不仅证实了BL和p-TQ的协同杀菌作用，还表明了其优越的细菌感染复发抑制性能，同时暗示p-TQ 经BL辐照后，可能产生具有杀菌或抑菌性能的新产物或自由基，且储存在感染伤口部位，从而抑制复发。
图2，蓝光(Blue light，BL)、对苯醌(p-TQ)及二者联合使用(BL+p-TQ) 治疗鲍曼不动杆菌(A)、MRSA(B)和大肠埃希氏菌(C)造成的小鼠皮肤三度烧伤感染的效果评估。取鼠龄为7～8周的Balb/c鼠，麻醉，背部脱毛；沸水加热铁棒(底面积，1cm x1 cm)；取铁棒按压于背部脱毛处，5～7秒，即造成小鼠皮肤三度烧伤模型；取50μL菌悬液(鲍曼不动杆菌、MRSA和自发生物荧光菌株大肠埃希氏菌)，含5x106CFU细菌，均匀涂抹于烧伤创伤处，孵育24小时。分别设立control组，BL组，p-TQ组和BL+p-TQ组。其中BL组，辐照剂量50J/cm2(55mW/cm2,连续辐照15分钟)；p-TQ组，使用浓度1mM，体积50μL；BL+p-TQ，二者联合使用，50J/cm2 BL+1mM p-TQ。A和B通过裁取小鼠皮肤、涂板测定细菌负载量；C通过小鼠成像系统(IVIS)检测自发荧光信号，计算荧光强度，从而判断细菌负载量。
c.代表株(鲍曼不动杆菌、MRSA和大肠埃希氏菌)对蓝光、对苯醌联合疗法的耐药进展评价。
以鲍曼不动杆菌(3A和3B)、MRSA(3C和3D)和大肠埃希氏菌(3E 和3F)为代表株，调查20代内细菌对亚致死剂量的BL+p-TQ的敏感性变化。结果如图3所示：在重复循环的20代内，BL+p-TQ对鲍曼不动杆菌(3A)、 MRSA(3C)和大肠埃希氏菌(3E)的钝化能力没有发生变化，表明相应菌株对BL+p-TQ未产生耐药性。然而，抗生素对照组，鲍曼不动杆菌(3B)、 MRSA(3D)和大肠埃希氏菌(3F)分别对氨苄青霉素(ampicillin)、盘尼西林(penicillin)和左氧氟沙星(levofloxacin)产生严重耐药性，其MIC与第1代比，在20代时分别提高了35倍、100倍和160倍。本结果证明，该BL+p-TQ联合杀菌方式，与抗生素相比，在解决耐药菌感染，以及抑制耐药菌传播方面具有较大优势。
图3，代表株鲍曼不动杆菌(A和B)、MRSA(C和D)和大肠埃希氏菌 (E和F)分别对亚致死剂量(钝化2～3log CFU/mL所使用的剂量)的BL+p-TQ 的耐药进展评估，通过判断BL+p-TQ在20代内对相应菌株的钝化能力来确定细菌耐药情况。以抗生素处理作为对照,通过MIC变化判断是否产生耐药性。
d.对苯醌的蓝光光脱毒效果评价。
本发明使用人成纤维细胞，通XTT实验，评估了p-TQ单独使用时的细胞毒性(图4A)，BL和p-TQ同时使用时的细胞毒性(图4B)，以及p-TQ 先给予BL辐照10分钟，随后调查产物和BL联合使用时的细胞毒性(图4C)。结果如图4所示：p-TQ单独使用时，表现出严重的细胞毒性，在0.0625和≥0.125μM时，细胞活力仅为45％和10％，证明大部分细胞由于p-TQ的毒性作用而死亡(图4A)。当p-TQ和BL联合使用时，在0.0625～0.5μM 范围内，具有良好的细胞安全性；仅在最高浓度1μM时出现严重细胞毒性(图4B)。值得注意的是，当p-TQ先给予10分钟的BL辐照，随后产物与BL联合使用，其表现出优越的细胞安全性，即使p-TQ最高浓度1μM 与BL联合使用，仍未出现细胞毒性(图4C)。该研究表明，蓝光辐照对对苯醌具有优越的光脱毒作用，同时也暗示对苯醌经蓝光照射后发生光化学反应，由毒性对苯醌变成生物安全性更高的新颖化合物分子。
图4.BL辐照对p-TQ的脱毒作用。(A)不同浓度的p-TQ与成纤维细胞孵育，XTT法证明细胞活力；(B)不同浓度的p-TQ与成纤维细胞孵育后，立即给予BL辐照，辐照结束后使用XTT法评估细胞活力；(C)不同浓度 p-TQ先给予10分钟的BL辐照，随后将辐照产物加入96孔细胞培养板内，在给予BL辐照，照射后使用XTT法评价细胞活力。
e.对苯醌经蓝光辐照后醌类衍生物、各种自由基的检测。
上述研究证实了BL+p-TQ组具有良好的协同杀菌作用，p-TQ的脱毒作用，以及抑制感染复发的作用，从而给予我们一个重要提示，p-TQ经BL辐照后，产生杀菌活性更高、安全性能更好的新产物。因此，我们调查了p-TQ 经BL辐照前后，其衍生物、光解产物和自由基的产生情况。结果如图5所示：首先，我们利用UPLC-VION-IMS-QTOF-MS/MS技术，调查了p-TQ溶液经BL辐照前后的色谱差异，发现BL辐照前仅出现p-TQ一个峰(①)(图 5A)，然而经BL辐照后，除了①号峰p-TQ外，还同时出现②、③和④号峰(图5B)。经质谱分析表明，②、③和④号峰均具有p-TQ的特性和质谱结构，或许是p-TQ的衍生物、光解产物或醌类自由基。
与此同时，我们还对比了BL、p-TQ和BL+p-TQ处理后产生的H2O2(图 5C)和·OH(图5D)产量。结果表明，仅在BL+p-TQ组产生了大量的H2O2和·OH。已知这两种自由基，尤其·OH，具有极强的细菌细胞壁和细胞膜，以及细菌核酸的破坏能力。
综上，p-TQ经BL辐照后，产生了具有更高杀菌性能、更高安全性的 p-TQ衍生物、醌类自由基，以及H2O2和·OH，与BL+p-TQ优越的联合杀菌性能、良好的生物安全性、显著的感染复发控制能力有关。
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (6)
1.一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：a.针对创面、组织、器官、黏膜感染等问题，包括如下步骤:①p-TQ的预脱毒，p-TQ应用在感染性病灶之前，给与400nm～495nm的蓝光0min～20min的短暂照射，设定蓝光功率范围在10mW/cm2～100mW/cm2，即可去除p-TQ造成的细胞毒性，又能保留杀菌能力；②将脱毒后的p-TQ产物均匀涂抹或喷洒于感染性病灶，同时给与蓝光连续照射，可快速消灭细菌，清除感染；③蓝光照射停止后，p-TQ产物同样保持杀菌、抑菌性能，可有效防止感染性病灶的复发。b.针对环境污染，可将p-TQ制作成喷雾状，均匀喷施污染的环境，同时将蓝光LED打开，即可清除环境内有害细菌。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法，其特征在于：尽管蓝光和对苯醌单独使用时均具有杀菌作用，但仅且仅当二者同时使用时才会发挥最大杀菌性能。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法，其特征在于：该联合杀菌技术具有广谱杀菌作用，可快速消灭临床的多重耐药菌“ESKAPE”、幽门螺杆菌、奈瑟式淋球菌、大肠埃希氏菌等造成的器官、组织、黏膜感染，以及复杂环境污染问题，且不局限于消灭上述微生物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法，其特征在于：当且仅当蓝光和对苯醌同时使用，对苯醌在蓝光的照射下可产生具有杀菌、抑菌性能的醌类衍生物、各种自由基，高效杀灭细菌的同时，有效的抑制了感染的复发。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法，其特征在于：对苯醌的细胞毒性作用可通过蓝光的短暂照射进行脱毒，脱毒后的联合杀菌技术表现出良好的生物活性，且保留了优越的杀菌性能。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种蓝光和对苯醌联合杀菌方法，其特征在于：细菌对蓝光和对苯醌的联合杀菌方法，不会产生耐药性。
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| Vallejo et al. | The role of porphyrinoid photosensitizers for skin wound healing | |
| Hsieh et al. | 5-Aminolevulinic acid induced photodynamic inactivation on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |
| Fekrazad et al. | Evaluation of the effect of photoactivated disinfection with Radachlorin® against Streptococcus mutans (an in vitro study) | |
| Liu et al. | Nanozymes as efficient tools for catalytic therapeutics | |
| Kang et al. | Susceptibility of oral bacteria to antibacterial photodynamic therapy | |
| Percival et al. | The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy on planktonic cells and biofilms and its role in wound healing | |
| Marinic et al. | Repeated exposures to blue light-activated eosin Y enhance inactivation of E. faecalis biofilms, in vitro | |
| Sousa et al. | Photodynamic inactivation of Candida albicans biofilm: influence of the radiant energy and photosensitizer charge | |
| Sun et al. | Bactericidal effects of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether-mediated photosensitization against pathogenic communities from supragingival plaque | |
| Papastamou et al. | Photoinactivation of F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis using the ruthenium-based RD3 sensitizer and a conventional halogen lamp | |
| Lin et al. | Use of merocyanine 540 for photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus planktonic and biofilm cells | |
| Packer et al. | Inactivation of proteolytic enzymes from Porphyromonas gingivalis using light-activated agents | |
| Vahabi et al. | Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy with two photosensitizers on two oral streptococci: an in vitro study | |
| Pereira de Lima Carvalho et al. | Study of photodynamic therapy in the control of isolated microorganisms from infected wounds—an in vitro study |
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