CN114521535A - Feeding method for improving bone quality of laying hens - Google Patents

Feeding method for improving bone quality of laying hens Download PDF

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CN114521535A
CN114521535A CN202210281537.4A CN202210281537A CN114521535A CN 114521535 A CN114521535 A CN 114521535A CN 202210281537 A CN202210281537 A CN 202210281537A CN 114521535 A CN114521535 A CN 114521535A
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laying hens
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CN114521535B (en
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丁雪梅
李东东
张克英
王建萍
白世平
曾秋凤
玄玥
彭焕伟
吕莉
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Sichuan Agricultural University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
    • A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
    • A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
    • Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production

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Abstract

The invention discloses a feeding method for improving the bone quality of laying hens, which is characterized in that vitamin D is simultaneously added into vitamin premix3And 25-hydroxyvitamin D3When laying hens brood for 1-20 weeks, vitamin D is added into the feed3And 25 hydroxy vitamin D3The vitamin premix is continuously fed, and vitamin D is contained in each kilogram of feed3The content of 2800IU and 25 hydroxy vitamin D3The content was 56. mu.g. The method regulates and controls the bone quality of laying hens at the main stage and the key stage of the bone growth and development of the laying hens aged 1-20 weeks, and simultaneously adds vitamin D into the vitamin premix3And 25-hydroxyvitamin D3Remarkably improve the bone health and the intestinesThe absorption of calcium and phosphorus minerals. The tibial ash content, the tibial strength, the cortical bone mineral density, the trabecular bone mineral content, the cortical bone mineral content, the trabecular bone number, the tibial strength and the calcium and phosphorus content of the laying hens at the early egg laying stage and the late egg laying stage are obviously improved.

Description

Feeding method for improving bone quality of laying hens
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural livestock and poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a feeding method for improving the bone quality of laying hens.
Background
The bone quality of the laying hens is closely related to the production performance, firstly, the death and culling rate of the laying hens is increased and the laying rate is reduced due to the abnormal bone of the laying hens; in addition, the bone quality of the laying hen is closely related to the quality of the eggshell, the bone can be mobilized during the egg formation process, 40% of calcium is provided for the eggshell every day, and the bone can provide up to 60% of calcium when the laying hen is fed with a low-calcium daily ration. Therefore, improving the bone quality of laying hens is very important for improving the egg laying performance and the eggshell quality. However, in layer production, abnormal conditions of layer bones are common, such as osteoporosis, layer fatigue syndrome and keel fracture, especially in the late stages of egg production.
The long bone of laying hen is composed of cortical bone, trabecular bone and medullary bone. Trabecular and cortical bones are structural bones that provide strength support, while medullary bone is a non-structural tissue that stores minerals to support the formation of eggshells.
At present, the existing methods for improving the bone quality of the laying hens mainly focus on the regulation and control of the laying period, such as the increase of the levels of calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D in the feed in the laying period or the addition of feed additives capable of promoting the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the feed in the laying period. However, the existing methods generally ignore that the growth and development of bones are mainly concentrated in the brooding and brooding stages; in addition, cortical and trabecular bones are no longer formed during the laying period of the layer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a feeding method for improving the bone quality of laying hens, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology and can obviously improve the bone quality of the laying hens in the early egg-laying period and the late egg-laying period.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a feeding method for improving the bone quality of laying hens comprises the step of simultaneously adding vitamin D to the laying hens in the brooding and growing stage of 1-20 weeks old3And 25-hydroxyvitamin D3The vitamin premix is added into feed for continuous feeding, and vitamin D is contained in each kilogram of feed3The content of 2800IU and 25 hydroxy vitamin D3The content was 56. mu.g.
Further preferably, the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.67% of vitamin A and vitamin D31.87% and 25-hydroxy vitamin D39.74 percent of vitamin E16.67 percent of vitamin K31.04% and vitamin B10.34% of vitamin B21.67-2.50 percent of vitamin B61.02% and vitamin B120.67-0.83 percent, 2.69-3.37 percent of calcium pantothenate, 10.10 percent of nicotinic acid, 0.18-0.35 percent of folic acid, 0.83 percent of biotin and 45.51-45.67 percent of rice bran meal.
Preferably, the laying hens are 1-17 weeks old, and the adopted vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.67% of vitamin A and vitamin D31.87% and 25-hydroxy vitamin D39.74 percent of vitamin E16.67 percent of vitamin K31.04% and vitamin B10.34% of vitamin B22.50% of vitamin B61.02% and vitamin B120.67%, calcium pantothenate 2.69%, nicotinic acid 10.10%, folic acid 0.35%, biotin 0.83%, and rice bran meal 45.51%;
the laying hens are 18-20 weeks old, and the adopted vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.67% of vitamin A and vitamin D31.87% and 25-hydroxy vitamin D39.74 percent of vitamin E16.67 percent of vitamin K31.04% and vitamin B10.34% of vitamin B21.67% and vitamin B61.02% and vitamin B120.83% of calcium pantothenate3.37 percent, 10.10 percent of nicotinic acid, 0.18 percent of folic acid, 0.83 percent of biotin and 45.67 percent of rice bran meal.
Preferably, the addition amount of the vitamin premix in each ton of diet is 2300 g.
Because cortical bones and trabecular bones are not formed any more in the egg laying stage of the laying hens, the bone quality is regulated and controlled in the main growth and development stage of the bones of the laying hens aged 1-20 weeks, and vitamin D is simultaneously added into the vitamin premix3And 25-hydroxyvitamin D3Obviously improve the bone health and the absorption of calcium and phosphorus minerals in the intestinal tract.
The series of regulation effects of the invention on bones are mainly realized by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and the proliferation and differentiation of the osteoblasts are regulated by a series of factors, such as Runx2 and BMP 2. The process of osteoclast proliferation and differentiation is regulated by the OPG of osteoblast differentiation. The bone absorption related stimulating factor can act on osteoblasts to induce the osteoblasts to generate RANKL and M-CSF, and osteoclast precursors express RANK and c-Fms receptors; the RANK receptor and the c-Fms receptor bind to RANKL and M-CSF, respectively, to promote differentiation of osteoclast precursors into osteoclasts. Furthermore, osteoblasts can also express OPG, which acts as a decoy receptor for RANKL, and inhibits binding of RANK receptor to RANKL, thereby inhibiting differentiation of osteoclasts. And vitamin D in other stages of diet3And 25-hydroxyvitamin D3The addition level of (a) had no significant effect on mRNA expression of Runx2 and BMP2 in the tibia and the number of osteoblasts in the tibia. In the main stage of the skeletal growth and development of laying hens aged 1-20 weeks, vitamin D is simultaneously added into a vitamin premix3And 25-hydroxyvitamin D3The mRNA expression of tibial OPG is obviously increased, so that the ratio of RANKL to OPG mRNA expression is reduced, the number of osteoclasts in the tibia is reduced, and the bone absorption is inhibited. The tibial ash content, the tibial strength, the cortical bone mineral density, the trabecular bone mineral content, the cortical bone mineral content, the trabecular bone number, the tibial strength and the calcium and phosphorus content of the laying hens at the early egg laying stage and the late egg laying stage are obviously improved.
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts play different roles in bone metabolism, with osteoblasts involved in bone metabolismThe mineralization of bone, in which phosphodiesterase 1(ENPP1) and progressive tonic protein (ANKH) are involved. ENPP1 is responsible for the synthesis of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) from adenosine triphosphate, and the transmembrane protein ANKH passes PPi through the plasma membrane into the extracellular matrix. The mRNA expression of the phosphodiesterase 1 gene (ENPP1) and the gene for the progressive tonic protein (ANKH) is affected by 1, 25- (OH)2D3Regulation and research show that 1, 25- (OH)2D3Can promote the expression of ENPP1 protein, thereby increasing the deposition of hydroxyapatite in the mineralized vesicle. In the main stage of the bone growth and development of laying hens aged 1-20 weeks, the feeding method adopts vitamin premix and simultaneously adds vitamin D3And 25-hydroxyvitamin D3Per kilogram of diet vitamin D3The content of 2800IU and 25 hydroxy vitamin D3The content is 56 mu g, the expression of ENPP1 protein is obviously increased, thereby increasing the mineralization of bones, the effect can be continued until the later egg-laying period of the laying hens, and the bone quality of the early egg-laying period and the later egg-laying period of the laying hens is obviously improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention adds vitamin D into vitamin premix at the same time3And 25-hydroxyvitamin D3Per kilogram of diet vitamin D3The content of 2800IU and 25 hydroxy vitamin D3The content of the calcium phosphate is 56 mu g, the bone quality is regulated and controlled in the main stage and the key stage of the growth and development of the bones of the laying hens of 1-20 weeks, the bone health and the absorption of calcium phosphate minerals in intestinal tracts are obviously improved, the effect can be continuously achieved until the later egg laying period of the laying hens, and the tibial ash content, the tibial strength, the cortical bone mineral density, the trabecular bone mineral content, the cortical bone mineral content, the trabecular bone number, the tibial strength and the calcium phosphate content of the laying hens at the early egg laying period and the later egg laying period are obviously improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph comparing the calcium content of tibia for examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the phosphorus content of tibia according to examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a comparative graph of tibial ash for examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph comparing tibial strength for examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a graph comparing the mineral density of cortical bone of examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing the mineral content of cortical bone in examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing the mineral density of trabecular bone of examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph comparing the mineral content of trabecular bone in examples 1-4 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the total bone mineral density in examples 1 to 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a graph comparing the total bone mineral content of examples 1 to 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a graph comparing the number of trabeculae in examples 1-4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate the present invention in which vitamin D is added to the feed of laying hens at the brooding stage of 1-20 weeks old3And 25 hydroxy vitamin D3The vitamin premix is continuously fed, and vitamin D is contained in each kilogram of feed3The content of 2800IU and 25 hydroxy vitamin D3The content of the vitamin premix is 56 mu g, and the vitamin premix is continuously used in the feed when the laying hens are in the brooding stage of 1-20 weeks old, so that the bone quality of the laying hens in the early egg laying stage and the late egg laying stage is obviously improved.
Example 1
In the embodiment, Roman powder laying hens are selected, the nutrition level of basic ration of the laying hens is prepared according to a Roman powder laying hen feeding management manual, the amino acid proportion is kept consistent, the basic diet is of a corn-soybean meal type, and the feed is in a powder form.
Preparing vitamin premix according to the raw material components in the following tables 1 and 2, wherein the addition amount of the vitamin premix in each ton of laying hen feed is 2300 g; in the brooding and breeding stage of 1-20 weeks old laying hens, the laying hens are continuously fed according to the component configuration in the table 1 and the table 2, and vitamin D is contained in each kilogram of feed in the embodiment3The content is 300IU, no 25 hydroxy vitamin is added, and wk in the specification and the drawings of the specification indicates the week age.
Table 1 example 1 vitamin premix component weights
Figure BSA0000269224020000041
Figure BSA0000269224020000051
The vitamin premix of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
table 2 example 1 vitamin premix the weight percentages of the components
Figure BSA0000269224020000052
This example provides vitamin D per kg diet3The content is 300IU, and 25 hydroxy vitamin is not added.
The feeding management is carried out according to the Roman laying hen feeding management manual, the house temperature is kept at about 35 ℃ when the chicks are 1 day old, and the house temperature is gradually reduced to 20 ℃ when the chicks are 35 days old. The chicks are placed in the house for 1-3 days, the illumination time is 24 hours, the illumination time is reduced to 8 hours when the illumination time reaches 8wk, the illumination time is increased to stimulate the onset of labor when the illumination time reaches 18wk, and the illumination time is maintained at 14 hours after 24 wk. Furthermore, during the experiment, the laying hens were routinely immunized and given free water and food.
Example 2
In the embodiment, Roman powder laying hens are selected, the nutrition level of basic ration of the laying hens is prepared according to a Roman powder laying hen feeding management manual, the amino acid proportion is kept consistent, the basic diet is of a corn-soybean meal type, and the feed is in a powder form.
Preparing vitamin premix according to the raw material components in the following tables 3 and 4, wherein the addition amount of the vitamin premix in each ton of laying hen feed is 2300 g; and in the brooding and breeding stage of 1-20 weeks old laying hens, continuously feeding the laying hens according to the component configuration in the tables 3 and 4.
Table 3 example 2 vitamin premix component weights
Figure BSA0000269224020000061
The vitamin premix of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
table 4 example 2 vitamin premix the weight percentages of the components
Figure BSA0000269224020000062
Figure BSA0000269224020000071
Vitamin D added to the diet per kg in this example3The content of the vitamin is 300IU, 56 mug of the 25 hydroxyl vitamin is added in each kilogram of diet, and the feeding management of the laying hens refers to the example 1.
Example 3
In the embodiment, Roman powder laying hens are selected, the nutrition level of basic ration of the laying hens is prepared according to a Roman powder laying hen feeding management manual, the amino acid proportion is kept consistent, the basic diet is of a corn-soybean meal type, and the feed is in a powder form.
Preparing vitamin premix according to the raw material components in the following tables 5 and 6, wherein the addition amount of the vitamin premix in each ton of laying hen feed is 2300 g; and in the brooding and brooding stage of 1-20 weeks old laying hens, continuously feeding the laying hens according to the component configuration in the tables 5 and 6.
Table 5 example 3 vitamin premix component weights
Figure BSA0000269224020000072
Figure BSA0000269224020000081
The vitamin premix of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
TABLE 6 example 3 vitamin premix Components in weight percent
Figure BSA0000269224020000082
In this example, 2800IU of vitamin D3 was added to one kg of diet, and 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 was not added to the diet, and the layer was kept and managed in example 1.
Example 4
In the embodiment, Roman powder laying hens are selected, the nutrition level of the basal diet of the laying hens is prepared by referring to a Roman powder laying hen feeding management manual, the amino acid proportion is kept consistent, the basal diet is a corn-soybean meal type, and the feed is in a powder form.
Preparing vitamin premix according to the raw material components in the following tables 7 and 8, wherein the addition amount of the vitamin premix in each ton of laying hen feed is 2300 g; in the brooding and brooding stage of 1-20 weeks old laying hens, the laying hens are continuously fed according to the component configuration in the tables 7 and 8.
Table 7 example 4 vitamin premix component weights
Figure BSA0000269224020000091
The vitamin premix of the embodiment comprises the following components in percentage by weight:
TABLE 8 example 4 vitamin premix Components in weight percent
Figure BSA0000269224020000092
Figure BSA0000269224020000101
In this example 4, 2800IU of vitamin D3 and 56. mu.g of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 were added to each kg of diet, and the layer chicken was kept in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 5
The laying hens in the embodiments 1 to 4 are respectively arranged at 10wk, 20wk and 72wk, one laying hen close to the average weight is randomly selected, a complete left tibia is stripped, tibia related bone parameters of the laying hens are detected through tibia Micro-CT scanning, bone strength is detected through a texture analyzer, bone mineral, calcium and phosphorus contents in the tibia are measured, and the quality of the tibia is detected, wherein the detection results are shown in the figures 1 to 11.
At 10wk, the 10wk tibial Ash (Ash, fig. 3) and Phosphorus content (phosphorous, fig. 2) of the layer chicken of example 4 were significantly higher than those of examples 1, 2, 3.
At 20wk, the example 4 layer had a 20wk tibial strength (Tibia strength, fig. 4) and calcium content (Caicium, fig. 1) significantly higher than combination 1; furthermore, Cortical bone mineral density (Cortical BMD, fig. 5) and Cortical bone mineral content (Cortical BMC, fig. 6) were significantly increased for examples 2, 3, 4 compared to example 1; examples 2 and 4 had significantly increased Trabecular bone mineral density (Trabecular BMD, fig. 7) and Trabecular bone mineral content (Trabecular BMC, fig. 8) compared to example 1; example 4 significantly increased Total bone mineral density (Total BMD, fig. 9), Total bone mineral content (Total BMC, fig. 10), trabecular number (tb.n, fig. 11) as compared to examples 1-3.
At 72wk, the tibial strength (Tibia strength, fig. 4) of the laying hen 72wk of example 4 was significantly increased compared to examples 1-3.
The invention adds vitamin D into the feed at the same time3And 25 hydroxy vitamin D3The vitamin premix is continuously used in the brooding and breeding stage of 1-20 weeks old laying hens, so that the bone quality of the laying hens in the early and late egg laying period is greatly improved.
In this specification, the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, but it will be apparent that various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. The description is thus to be regarded as illustrative instead of limiting.

Claims (4)

1. A feeding method for improving the bone quality of laying hens is characterized in that the laying hens brood and breed at the age of 1-20 weeksIn the formation stage, vitamin D is added simultaneously3And 25-hydroxyvitamin D3The vitamin premix is added into feed for continuous feeding, and each kilogram of feed contains vitamin D3The content of 2800IU and 25 hydroxy vitamin D3The content was 56. mu.g.
2. The feeding method for improving the bone quality of laying hens according to claim 1, wherein the vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.67% of vitamin A and vitamin D31.87% and 25-hydroxy vitamin D39.74 percent of vitamin E16.67 percent of vitamin K31.04% and vitamin B10.34% of vitamin B21.67-2.50 percent of vitamin B61.02% and vitamin B120.67-0.83 percent, 2.69-3.37 percent of calcium pantothenate, 10.10 percent of nicotinic acid, 0.18-0.35 percent of folic acid, 0.83 percent of biotin and 45.51-45.67 percent of rice bran meal.
3. The feeding method for improving the bone quality of laying hens according to claim 1, wherein the laying hens are aged 1-17 weeks, and the adopted vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.67% of vitamin A and vitamin D31.87% and 25-hydroxy vitamin D39.74 percent of vitamin E16.67 percent of vitamin K31.04% and vitamin B10.34% of vitamin B22.50% of vitamin B61.02% and vitamin B120.67%, calcium pantothenate 2.69%, nicotinic acid 10.10%, folic acid 0.35%, biotin 0.83%, and rice bran meal 45.51%;
the laying hens are 18-20 weeks old, and the adopted vitamin premix comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 6.67% of vitamin A and vitamin D31.87% and 25-hydroxy vitamin D39.74 percent of vitamin E16.67 percent of vitamin K31.04% and vitamin B10.34 percent of vitamin B21.67% and vitamin B61.02% and vitamin B120.83%, calcium pantothenate 3.37%, nicotinic acid 10.10%, folic acid 0.18%, biotin 0.83%, and rice bran 45.67%.
4. The feeding method for improving the bone quality of laying hens according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the addition amount of the vitamin premix in each ton of diet is 2300 g.
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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3426935A1 (en) * 1983-08-16 1985-03-07 Roshdy Dipl.-Chem. Dr. 5000 Köln Ismail Soft gelatine capsules
CN103918942A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-07-16 山东和美集团有限公司 Feed formula for improving bone and eggshell quality of laying hen and preparation method of feed formula
CN106721422A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-31 浙江播恩生物技术有限公司 The chicken feed of hydroxyl Methionine calcium salt and 25 hydroxycholecalciferols, mixed fodder and application
CN109123181A (en) * 2018-08-14 2019-01-04 播恩生物技术股份有限公司 Improve laying hen bone density and the premixed feed of eggshell quality and preparation method thereof
CN111357885A (en) * 2020-04-21 2020-07-03 河南宏展生物科技有限公司 Complete feed and premix for promoting body shape and skeleton development of laying chicks and preparation method thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3426935A1 (en) * 1983-08-16 1985-03-07 Roshdy Dipl.-Chem. Dr. 5000 Köln Ismail Soft gelatine capsules
CN103918942A (en) * 2014-04-30 2014-07-16 山东和美集团有限公司 Feed formula for improving bone and eggshell quality of laying hen and preparation method of feed formula
CN106721422A (en) * 2016-11-30 2017-05-31 浙江播恩生物技术有限公司 The chicken feed of hydroxyl Methionine calcium salt and 25 hydroxycholecalciferols, mixed fodder and application
CN109123181A (en) * 2018-08-14 2019-01-04 播恩生物技术股份有限公司 Improve laying hen bone density and the premixed feed of eggshell quality and preparation method thereof
CN111357885A (en) * 2020-04-21 2020-07-03 河南宏展生物科技有限公司 Complete feed and premix for promoting body shape and skeleton development of laying chicks and preparation method thereof

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