CN114519284A - Numerical simulation-based step blasting rock block size prediction method - Google Patents
Numerical simulation-based step blasting rock block size prediction method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 115
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Abstract
The invention provides a numerical simulation-based step blasting rock block size prediction method, which comprises the following steps of: s1, carrying out small-dose test blasting on a blasting site, and arranging measuring points to carry out blasting vibration monitoring to obtain an actually measured vibration waveform; s2, introducing empirical rock physical mechanical parameters as initial values to establish a finite element numerical model of the test blasting site, and obtaining a numerical calculation blasting vibration time-course curve; s3, calculating whether the same point location blasting vibration data error in the field test and the numerical model is smaller than the allowable error; and S4, selecting typical sections according to the site to establish a two-dimensional finite element model. The method can consider various factors such as the engineering geological condition of the blasting field, the blasting parameters and the like, has higher applicability and prediction precision compared with the conventional prediction method, and particularly can complete the prediction of the step blasting block size before blasting construction and reduce the construction risk.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of open bench blasting, in particular to a method for predicting the rock bulkiness of bench blasting, which is used for guiding bench blasting control construction.
Background
With the development of productivity and the increasing demand of materials for people, the demand of mineral resources is increasing. The bench blasting technology has the characteristics of simplicity and easiness in construction, low cost and the like, and is a main means for production and construction of surface mines. However, the step blasting effect is affected by the hole distribution mode, engineering geological conditions and the like, and blasting effect evaluation needs to be performed to optimize the blasting process. The rock block size is an important index for evaluating the step blasting effect, and the appropriate rock block size can save the blasting cost, shorten the mucking time and simplify the construction process. Therefore, the realization of the block size prediction of the step blasting rock has important significance for optimizing the step blasting and improving the production efficiency.
At present, the block size of the step blasting rock is predicted mainly by two methods in engineering practice: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, the existing mathematical prediction models, such as Harries model, BCM model, Bond-Ram model and the like, are semi-theoretical semi-empirical models based on theoretical derivation and considering influence of various factors, and because the form is too ideal, large errors are always generated in actual use; and secondly, establishing an empirical model by a machine learning method, wherein the machine learning method mainly comprises a genetic algorithm, a neural network, an SVM and the like, and although the model provides higher accuracy, a large number of test samples are needed to optimize the model, so that the model cannot be used for the early-stage feasibility study of engineering and has lower applicability to different engineering. Due to the defects of low prediction precision, long period, low applicability and the like in the method, a novel step blasting rock block size prediction method needs to be provided for overcoming the problems in the existing method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for predicting the block size of step blasting rock based on numerical simulation aiming at the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a rock blasting blockiness analysis method based on numerical simulation, including: calculating a numerical model and blasting block size;
the numerical model calculation includes the steps of:
s1, carrying out small-dose test blasting on a pre-step blasting site, arranging blasting vibration test point positions according to site conditions, and placing a blasting vibration tester at each point position to obtain vibration data;
s2, establishing a blasting power numerical model of the test blasting site through finite element analysis software according to the site blasting parameters and the geological conditions, and introducing a group of empirical rock physical and mechanical parameters as initial values;
substituting the initial value into a numerical model for calculation to obtain a numerical calculation blasting vibration time course curve;
s3, calculating the same point location blasting vibration data error in the field test and the numerical model, wherein the error in the method is less than 10%;
if the calculation error of the blasting vibration data of the same point position in the field test and numerical model is less than 10%, the initial rock physical and mechanical parameters are applicable to the field; step S4 is executed;
otherwise, adjusting the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass step by step on the basis of the initial values, and judging the parameter adjustment amplitude through the error change trend until the error between the field test value and the numerical calculation value is less than 10%;
s4, selecting n sections in the three-dimensional model in the direction perpendicular to the free surface, and establishing n two-dimensional step blasting finite element models F1、F2…FnN is generally not less than 3;
s5, discretizing the finite element model in the S4 by inserting shell elements among the solid elements, and converting the shell elements into zero-thickness cohesive force elements in finite element numerical software to obtain a finite discrete element model M1、M2…Mn；
Inputting the rock physical mechanical parameters, cohesive force unit material parameters and explosive parameters in the S3 in the finite discrete element model, and submitting to a solver for calculation;
s6, checking the numerical calculation result, and deriving a step blasting numerical calculation effect graph;
the blasting rock block size calculation comprises the following steps:
s7, importing the effect graph into AutoCAD to perform edge tracing processing on the effect graph, and making a morphological graph after step blasting;
s8, obtaining blasting block size ratio according to different blasting block size, and drawing a blasting block size distribution curve;
for finite discrete element model M1、M2…MnRepeating the above operations to obtain a block size distribution prediction result R1、R2…RnAnd finally, taking the average of n model results as the prediction result.
Preferably, in step S1, the test blasting explosive amount is only enough to trigger site vibration, and the site blasting vibration test point number is not less than 3.
Preferably, in step S2, the blasting parameters and geological conditions include hole pattern parameters, charging parameters, step geometry, and the like, and the rock physical-mechanical parameters include: density, modulus of elasticity, poisson's ratio, yield strength, tangent modulus, coefficient of stiffness.
Preferably, in step S3, the data error of the blasting vibration refers to an error between a peak value of the blasting vibration velocity and the dominant frequency.
Preferably, in step S5, the cohesive force unit material parameters include: density, tangential stiffness, normal stiffness, critical normal and tangential displacement components, type i fracture energy, and type ii fracture energy.
Preferably, in step S8, the final prediction result refers to an average value of the blasting block size gradations, and the calculation method includes:
wherein R isiAnd (3) the distribution result of the block degree of the ith model comprises all the matching proportions, and n is the number of the established finite discrete element models.
In summary, by adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method can consider various factors such as the engineering geological condition of the blasting field, the blasting parameters and the like, has higher applicability and prediction precision compared with the conventional prediction method, and particularly can complete the prediction of the step blasting block size before blasting construction and reduce the construction risk.
2. The step blasting blockiness method provided by the invention has the advantages of intuitive calculation result, simplicity, convenience, rapidness and flexibility, can be used for processing the step blasting problem under various geological conditions, and has engineering application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for predicting the rock block size of step blasting based on numerical simulation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a field test detonation vibration test pattern of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a field test explosion numerical model established by the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a two-dimensional finite element model constructed in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional finite discrete element model established by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the effect of step blasting according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a plot of the step blasting bulk distribution of the present invention;
in the figure: e-test explosion source, C1Explosion test monitoring points 1, C2Explosion test monitoring points 2, C3A test explosion monitoring point 3, a rock mass 1, an explosive 2, a stemming 3, a solid unit 4 and a cohesive force unit 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The invention provides a numerical simulation-based step blasting blockiness prediction method, and the specific implementation flow refers to the figure 1;
the method comprises two parts: calculating a numerical model and calculating the blasting block size;
the numerical model calculation comprises the following steps:
s1, carrying out small-dose test blasting on a pre-step blasting site, arranging blasting vibration test point positions according to site conditions, placing a blasting vibration tester at each point position to obtain vibration data, and deriving test point vibration data texts, wherein the test vibration point positions are not less than 3;
in this embodiment, 3 test sites are arranged, as shown in FIG. 2.
S2, establishing a blasting power numerical model of the trial blasting site through finite element analysis software according to the site blasting parameters and the geological conditions, and introducing a group of empirical rock physical and mechanical parameters as initial values as shown in figure 3; in the embodiment, the finite element software can be LS-DYNA, ABAUQS and the like, and the experience parameters can refer to geological survey reports and similar projects;
and substituting the initial value into a numerical model for calculation to obtain a numerical calculation blasting vibration time course curve.
S3, calculating the same point location blasting vibration data error in the field test and the numerical model, wherein the error in the method is less than 10%; in the embodiment, the blasting vibration data error is mainly compared with the magnitude of the blasting vibration velocity peak value and the main frequency, and the error is within 10%;
if the calculation error of the blasting vibration data of the same point position in the field test and numerical model is less than 10%, the initial rock physical and mechanical parameters are applicable to the field; step S4 is executed;
otherwise, the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass are adjusted step by step on the basis of the initial values, and the parameter adjustment amplitude is judged according to the error change trend until the error between the field test value and the numerical calculation value is less than 10%.
S4, selecting n sections in the three-dimensional model in the direction perpendicular to the free surface, and establishing n two-dimensional step blasting finite element models F1、F2…FnN is generally not less than 3;
in the present embodiment, referring to fig. 4, three characteristic cross sections are selected according to the step surface shape: f1、F2、F3Each section length and width is ensured to completely cover the stress redistribution range of the rock mass, and the length of each section is generally 3 times that of the blasting area.
S5, discretizing the finite element model in the S4 by inserting shell elements among the solid elements, and converting the shell elements into zero-thickness cohesive force elements in finite element numerical software to obtain the shell elementFinite discrete element model M1、M2…Mn；
In this embodiment, firstly, a range of units to be discretized is defined, referring to fig. 5, in fig. 5, rock masses and stemming units are discretized, explosive units are not processed, shell units are built between all rock masses and stemming units, after redundant units are deleted, the shell units are converted into cohesive force units, and at this time, the thickness of the cohesive force units is 0;
and inputting the physical mechanical parameters of the rock mass, the material parameters of the cohesive force unit and the explosive parameters in the S3 in the finite discrete element model, and submitting the parameters to a solver for calculation.
S6, checking the numerical calculation result, and deriving a step blasting numerical calculation effect graph;
the blasting rock block size calculation comprises the following steps:
s7, importing the effect graph into AutoCAD to perform edge tracing processing on the effect graph, and making a morphological graph after step blasting;
in this embodiment, the exported cloud image is imported into AutoCAD, and the spline curve is applied to perform edge tracing on the image, as shown in fig. 6.
S8, obtaining blasting block size ratio according to different blasting block area sizes, and drawing a blasting block size distribution curve;
for finite discrete element model M1、M2…MnRepeating the above operations to obtain a block size distribution prediction result R1、R2…RnTaking the average of n model results as the final prediction result;
in this embodiment, the areas of different blocks in the blasting effect diagrams of the three models are checked in AutoCAD, the area ratios of the same block size gradation in the three models are averaged, and a blasting block size distribution curve is drawn, as shown in fig. 7.
In the present description, the described material features, structural characteristics, etc. may be combined with each other in a suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
The invention is described in the following examples which are merely exemplary and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, variations, improvements, etc. made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A numerical simulation-based step blasting rock block degree prediction method is characterized by comprising numerical model calculation and blasting block degree calculation;
the numerical model calculation includes the steps of:
s1, carrying out small-dose test blasting on a pre-step blasting site, arranging blasting vibration test point positions according to site conditions, and placing a blasting vibration tester at each point position to obtain vibration data;
s2, establishing a blasting power numerical model of the trial blasting site through finite element analysis software according to the field blasting parameters and the geological conditions, and introducing a group of empirical rock physical and mechanical parameters as initial values;
substituting the initial value into a numerical model for calculation to obtain a numerical calculation blasting vibration time course curve;
s3, calculating the same point location blasting vibration data error in the field test and the numerical model, wherein the error in the method is less than 10%;
if the calculation error of the blasting vibration data of the same point position in the field test and numerical model is less than 10%, the initial rock physical and mechanical parameters are applicable to the field; step S4 is executed;
otherwise, adjusting the physical and mechanical parameters of the rock mass step by step on the basis of the initial values, and judging the parameter adjustment amplitude through the error change trend until the error between the field test value and the numerical calculation value is less than 10%;
s4, selecting n sections in the three-dimensional model in the direction perpendicular to the free surface, and establishing n two-dimensional step blasting finite element models F1、F2…FnN is generally not less than 3;
s5, discretizing the finite element model in the S4 by inserting shell elements among the solid elements, and converting the shell elements into zero-thickness cohesive force elements in finite element numerical software to obtain a finite discrete element model M1、M2…Mn；
Inputting the rock physical mechanical parameters, cohesion unit material parameters and explosive parameters in S3 in the finite discrete element model, and submitting to a solver for calculation;
s6, checking the numerical calculation result, and deriving a step blasting numerical calculation effect graph;
the blasting rock block size calculation comprises the following steps:
s7, importing the effect graph into AutoCAD to perform edge tracing processing on the effect graph, and making a morphological graph after step blasting;
s8, obtaining blasting block size ratio according to different blasting block size, and drawing a blasting block size distribution curve;
for finite discrete element model M1、M2…MnRepeating the above operations to obtain a block size distribution prediction result R1、R2…RnAnd finally, taking the average of n model results as the prediction result.
2. The method for predicting the rock bulkiness for the step blasting based on the numerical simulation of claim 1, wherein in the step S1, the test blasting explosive quantity is only enough to trigger the site vibration, and the site blasting vibration test point number is not less than 3.
3. The method for predicting the bulkiness of step blasting rock based on numerical simulation of claim 1, wherein in step S2, the blasting parameters and geological conditions include hole pattern parameters, charging parameters, step geometric dimensions and the like, and the rock physical mechanical parameters include: density, modulus of elasticity, poisson's ratio, yield strength, tangent modulus, coefficient of stiffness.
4. The method for predicting the rock mass of the bench blasting based on the numerical simulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the data error of the blasting vibration refers to an error between a peak value of the blasting vibration velocity and a dominant frequency in step S3.
5. The method for predicting bench blasting rock bulkiness according to claim 1, wherein in step S5, the cohesion unit material parameters comprise: density, tangential stiffness, normal stiffness, critical normal and tangential displacement components, type i fracture energy, and type ii fracture energy.
6. The method for predicting the rock block size of the bench blasting based on the numerical simulation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step S8, the final prediction result refers to an average value of grading of the rock block sizes of the blasting, and the calculation method is as follows:
wherein R isiAnd (3) the distribution result of the block degree of the ith model comprises all the matching proportions, and n is the number of the established finite discrete element models.
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